Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112692
Yurii B. Tsaplev , Nikita A. Kostin , Aleksei V. Trofimov
The reported work discloses a set of studies on examining the salient properties of methylene blue (MB) preparations and intricacies of its interaction with KOH in DMSO. The acquired for the first time reliable values of extinction coefficients of the methylene blue chloride are the following: 86000 ± 9000 (664 nm, H2O), 115000 ± 6000 (653 nm, MeOH) and 96000 ± 7000 (671 nm, DMSO) M−1 cm−1. Based on the stoichiometry and the initial rate of the MB loss in its reaction with KOH, a kinetic model was proposed, consisting of the two successive stages involving OH−. The bimolecular rate constant for the limiting step is estimated to be 0.039 ± 0.004 μM−1 min−1. At superstoichiometric concentrations of KOH, the absorption and luminescence excitation spectra revealed the formation of a labile product with a characteristic 5-peak structure in absorption, which was previously recorded in absorption spectra in MB reduction reactions. The authors provide the evidence that the appearance of this labile product is associated with the reduction of MB by superoxide anion, which is present in alkaline DMSO.
{"title":"Reactions of methylene blue with alkali in DMSO","authors":"Yurii B. Tsaplev , Nikita A. Kostin , Aleksei V. Trofimov","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reported work discloses a set of studies on examining the salient properties of methylene blue (MB) preparations and intricacies of its interaction with KOH in DMSO. The acquired for the first time reliable values of extinction coefficients of the methylene blue chloride are the following: 86000 ± 9000 (664 nm, H<sub>2</sub>O), 115000 ± 6000 (653 nm, MeOH) and 96000 ± 7000 (671 nm, DMSO) M<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup>. Based on the stoichiometry and the initial rate of the MB loss in its reaction with KOH, a kinetic model was proposed, consisting of the two successive stages involving OH<sup>−</sup>. The bimolecular rate constant for the limiting step is estimated to be 0.039 ± 0.004 μM<sup>−1</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>. At superstoichiometric concentrations of KOH, the absorption and luminescence excitation spectra revealed the formation of a labile product with a characteristic 5-peak structure in absorption, which was previously recorded in absorption spectra in MB reduction reactions. The authors provide the evidence that the appearance of this labile product is associated with the reduction of MB by superoxide anion, which is present in alkaline DMSO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 112692"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112691
Ling Zheng , Xinyao Chen , Liangbin Lin , Hongyu Guo , Fafu Yang
Folic acid (FA) is an essential vitamin. The development of rapid, simple and on-site detecting method on FA is of great importance to human's health and industrial production. In this work, a bis-tetraarylimidazole macrocycle (BTM) was designed and synthesized as an effective fluorescent sensor for FA. The weak purple fluorescence of BTM was transferred to strong blue fluorescence after sensing FA with high sensing selectivity among 31 kinds of biomolecules and 16 kinds of ions. The limit of detection was as low as 1.06 × 10−7 M, which was the competitive one among the reported fluorescence sensors. The sensing mechanism was deduced that FA was included in the cavity of BTM based on the multiple hydrogen-bonding actions and aromatic π-π stacking interaction. The intermolecular rotating restriction and the interruption of Dexter electron transfer after binding FA were responsible for the fluorescence enhancement. This sensing ability of BTM for FA was applied on test paper, seal experiment and stimulated samples, suggesting the good qualitative and quantitative detecting ability for FA with rapid, simple and on-site procedure in real environment.
{"title":"Bis-tetraarylimidazole macrocycle: An effective fluorescent sensor for folic acid","authors":"Ling Zheng , Xinyao Chen , Liangbin Lin , Hongyu Guo , Fafu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Folic acid (FA) is an essential vitamin. The development of rapid, simple and on-site detecting method on FA is of great importance to human's health and industrial production. In this work, a bis-tetraarylimidazole macrocycle (<strong>BTM</strong>) was designed and synthesized as an effective fluorescent sensor for FA. The weak purple fluorescence of <strong>BTM</strong> was transferred to strong blue fluorescence after sensing FA with high sensing selectivity among 31 kinds of biomolecules and 16 kinds of ions. The limit of detection was as low as 1.06 × 10<sup>−7</sup> M, which was the competitive one among the reported fluorescence sensors. The sensing mechanism was deduced that FA was included in the cavity of <strong>BTM</strong> based on the multiple hydrogen-bonding actions and aromatic π-π stacking interaction. The intermolecular rotating restriction and the interruption of Dexter electron transfer after binding FA were responsible for the fluorescence enhancement. This sensing ability of <strong>BTM</strong> for FA was applied on test paper, seal experiment and stimulated samples, suggesting the good qualitative and quantitative detecting ability for FA with rapid, simple and on-site procedure in real environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112691"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112687
Noor ul Ain , Ziaur Rehman , Talib K. Ibrahim , Imen kebaili , Imed Boukhris , M.S. Al-Buriahi
Cancer treatment has traditionally relied on surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, these procedures often result in significant side effects, such as compromised immune function and cellular health. The emergence of drug resistance further complicates chemotherapy and necessitates the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Photothermal therapy (PTT) presents a promising non-invasive cancer treatment modality that uses photothermal agents (PTAs) to convert light energy into localized heat, selectively targeting and eradicating tumor cells. This review highlights the potential of organic dyes-based PTTAs in cancer treatment due to their biocompatibility, photostability, and robust absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. These dyes exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), especially in the NIR-II window (1000–1700 nm), and deep tissue absorption, rendering them suitable for medical applications. This study also examines the interplay between key photophysical processes (fluorescence, vibrational relaxation, and intersystem crossing) that govern the efficacy of PTT and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The molecular structure of organic dyes and their role in multimodal cancer therapy are discussed in detail, with emphasis on optimizing the balance of photothermal efficiency and biocompatibility. Through a comprehensive review of recent advances in dyes, this review sheds light on the development of next-generation PTTAs, facilitating their integration in oncology.
{"title":"Organic dyes-based photothermal ablation of cancer cells: A review","authors":"Noor ul Ain , Ziaur Rehman , Talib K. Ibrahim , Imen kebaili , Imed Boukhris , M.S. Al-Buriahi","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cancer treatment has traditionally relied on surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy; however, these procedures often result in significant side effects, such as compromised immune function and cellular health. The emergence of drug resistance further complicates chemotherapy and necessitates the exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches. Photothermal therapy (PTT) presents a promising non-invasive cancer treatment modality that uses photothermal agents (PTAs) to convert light energy into localized heat, selectively targeting and eradicating tumor cells. This review highlights the potential of organic dyes-based PTTAs in cancer treatment due to their biocompatibility, photostability, and robust absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region. These dyes exhibit high photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE), especially in the NIR-II window (1000–1700 nm), and deep tissue absorption, rendering them suitable for medical applications. This study also examines the interplay between key photophysical processes (fluorescence, vibrational relaxation, and intersystem crossing) that govern the efficacy of PTT and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The molecular structure of organic dyes and their role in multimodal cancer therapy are discussed in detail, with emphasis on optimizing the balance of photothermal efficiency and biocompatibility. Through a comprehensive review of recent advances in dyes, this review sheds light on the development of next-generation PTTAs, facilitating their integration in oncology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"237 ","pages":"Article 112687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112688
Mladena Glavaš , Lorena Vidoša , Martina Mušković , Ivana Ratkaj , Nikola Basarić
By use of a simple synthetic methodology for peptide coupling by HATU reagent, two BODIPY amides 4 and 5 were synthesized, that were at the meso-position substituted with a morphline moiety targeting lysosomes, or sulfonamide group targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively. Furthermore, by use of Cu-catalyzed click chemistry, dye 6 was synthesized from a BODIPY alkyne, that was at the meso-position substituted with a triphenylphosponium salt via a triazol linker, for targeting mitochondria. Photophysical and spectral properties of BODIPY dyes 4–6 were characterized in nonpolar, polar aprotic and protic solvent. All compounds in all solvents have high values of fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF = 0.5–0.8), and single-exponential decay of fluorescence with singlet excited state lifetimes τ = 2.5–3.8 ns. The substituents in the meso-position that direct the dyes towards different intracellular organelles do not affect the photophysical properties. The dyes showed excellent photostability upon irradiation in aqueous solution with 488 nm laser. Moreover, the stability of amides 4 and 5 was tested with lipases CAL-B and PPL, whereupon they showed hydrolytic stability. The applicability of dyes 4–6 in fluorescent staining of organelles in HeLa cell line was tested in colocalization microscopy studies with commercial dyes Lysotracker RED, ER tracer and Mitotracker Red. They showed excellent localization in lysosomes, ER and mitochondria with the values of Pearson's coefficients 0.90, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. Furthermore, ability of dyes 4–6 to stain live HeLa cells was demonstrated. Consequently, BODIPY derivatives 4–6 have potential to be used in biology as selective organelle targeting dyes. Moreover, our simple synthetic protocol for the preparation of dyes in principle allows for the synthesis of plethora of different BODIPY derivatives with selective localization in different organelles.
{"title":"BODIPY fluorescent dyes for selective staining of intracellular organelles","authors":"Mladena Glavaš , Lorena Vidoša , Martina Mušković , Ivana Ratkaj , Nikola Basarić","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By use of a simple synthetic methodology for peptide coupling by HATU reagent, two BODIPY amides <strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong> were synthesized, that were at the <em>meso</em>-position substituted with a morphline moiety targeting lysosomes, or sulfonamide group targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER), respectively. Furthermore, by use of Cu-catalyzed click chemistry, dye <strong>6</strong> was synthesized from a BODIPY alkyne, that was at the <em>meso</em>-position substituted with a triphenylphosponium salt via a triazol linker, for targeting mitochondria. Photophysical and spectral properties of BODIPY dyes <strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong> were characterized in nonpolar, polar aprotic and protic solvent. All compounds in all solvents have high values of fluorescence quantum yields (Φ<sub>F</sub> = 0.5–0.8), and single-exponential decay of fluorescence with singlet excited state lifetimes <em>τ</em> = 2.5–3.8 ns. The substituents in the <em>meso</em>-position that direct the dyes towards different intracellular organelles do not affect the photophysical properties. The dyes showed excellent photostability upon irradiation in aqueous solution with 488 nm laser. Moreover, the stability of amides <strong>4</strong> and <strong>5</strong> was tested with lipases CAL-B and PPL, whereupon they showed hydrolytic stability. The applicability of dyes <strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong> in fluorescent staining of organelles in HeLa cell line was tested in colocalization microscopy studies with commercial dyes Lysotracker RED, ER tracer and Mitotracker Red. They showed excellent localization in lysosomes, ER and mitochondria with the values of Pearson's coefficients 0.90, 0.94, and 0.93, respectively. Furthermore, ability of dyes <strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong> to stain live HeLa cells was demonstrated. Consequently, BODIPY derivatives <strong>4</strong>–<strong>6</strong> have potential to be used in biology as selective organelle targeting dyes. Moreover, our simple synthetic protocol for the preparation of dyes in principle allows for the synthesis of plethora of different BODIPY derivatives with selective localization in different organelles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112690
J. Emilio Expósito , Sergio Lentijo , Gabriel Aullón , Manuel Bardají , Jesús A. Miguel
The perylene derivative, 3-perylenyldiphenylphosphane (PPh2Per, 1), was prepared and used to synthesize the oxidized P(V) compounds A = PPh2Per (A = O (2); A = S (3)). Substitution reactions led to mononuclear gold(I) complexes [AuX(PPh2Per)] (X = Cl (4); X = C6F5 (5)), [AuX(S=PPh2Per)] (X = Cl (6); X = C6F5 (7)) and palladium(II) complexes trans-[Pd(C6F5)2(PPh2Per)2] (8). X-ray single crystal studies of compounds 5 and 7 confirmed the expected structures. The UV–Vis absorption spectra display intense peaks in the visible region with maxima from 454 to 461 nm. A DFT study was performed for the absorption spectra of ligands and complexes, showing that the lowest most intense transition is a HOMO → LUMO transition in the perylene core, although affected by functional group and metallic fragment. The ligands and their complexes are fluorescent in solution, due to the perylene fragment, showing an emission in the range 450–550 nm, with maxima from 467 to 472 nm. Quantum yield starts at 13 % for the phosphane and increases dramatically to the range of 63–87 % after oxidation or coordination to a metal fragment. This work illustrates how the PET effect can be used to recover the initial extremely intense emission of free unfunctionalized perylene ring system.
{"title":"Highly fluorescent 3-perylenyldiphenylphosphane compounds: An experimental and theoretical study","authors":"J. Emilio Expósito , Sergio Lentijo , Gabriel Aullón , Manuel Bardají , Jesús A. Miguel","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The perylene derivative, 3-perylenyldiphenylphosphane (PPh<sub>2</sub>Per, <strong>1</strong>), was prepared and used to synthesize the oxidized P(V) compounds A = PPh<sub>2</sub>Per (A = O (<strong>2</strong>); A = S (<strong>3</strong>)). Substitution reactions led to mononuclear gold(I) complexes [AuX(PPh<sub>2</sub>Per)] (X = Cl (<strong>4</strong>); X = C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub> (<strong>5</strong>)), [AuX(S=PPh<sub>2</sub>Per)] (X = Cl (<strong>6</strong>); X <strong>=</strong> C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub> (<strong>7</strong>)) and palladium(II) complexes <em>trans</em>-[Pd(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>2</sub>Per)<sub>2</sub>] (<strong>8</strong>). X-ray single crystal studies of compounds <strong>5</strong> and <strong>7</strong> confirmed the expected structures. The UV–Vis absorption spectra display intense peaks in the visible region with maxima from 454 to 461 nm. A DFT study was performed for the absorption spectra of ligands and complexes, showing that the lowest most intense transition is a HOMO → LUMO transition in the perylene core, although affected by functional group and metallic fragment. The ligands and their complexes are fluorescent in solution, due to the perylene fragment, showing an emission in the range 450–550 nm, with maxima from 467 to 472 nm. Quantum yield starts at 13 % for the phosphane and increases dramatically to the range of 63–87 % after oxidation or coordination to a metal fragment. This work illustrates how the PET effect can be used to recover the initial extremely intense emission of free unfunctionalized perylene ring system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112690"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112689
Yu Wei , Xuan He , Jiabao Fang , Minzi Ju
Super-resolution imaging is extensively employed in bioscience research, particularly for monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of protein aggregates. Protein aggregates are intricately associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and other illnesses. Traditional optical microscopy fails to capture the intricate structure of protein aggregates. In contrast, super-resolution imaging overcomes the diffraction limit and achieves high spatiotemporal resolution, enabling visualization of the dynamic process of protein aggregation. This paper begins with an overview of the broad meaning of protein aggregates, followed by a summary of fluorescent dyes suitable for super-resolution imaging techniques, including biofluorescent dyes and organic dyes. The focus lies on reviewing research progress pertaining to utilizing super-resolution imaging to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of protein aggregates while incorporating different types of super-resolution imaging techniques. In conclusion, super-resolution imaging provides a powerful tool for the study of protein aggregates, which helps to gain insight into the pathological mechanisms of related diseases and provides important information for finding effective therapeutic strategies.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal dynamic monitoring of protein conformation changes by super-resolution imaging","authors":"Yu Wei , Xuan He , Jiabao Fang , Minzi Ju","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Super-resolution imaging is extensively employed in bioscience research, particularly for monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of protein aggregates. Protein aggregates are intricately associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, and other illnesses. Traditional optical microscopy fails to capture the intricate structure of protein aggregates. In contrast, super-resolution imaging overcomes the diffraction limit and achieves high spatiotemporal resolution, enabling visualization of the dynamic process of protein aggregation. This paper begins with an overview of the broad meaning of protein aggregates, followed by a summary of fluorescent dyes suitable for super-resolution imaging techniques, including biofluorescent dyes and organic dyes. The focus lies on reviewing research progress pertaining to utilizing super-resolution imaging to investigate the spatio-temporal dynamics of protein aggregates while incorporating different types of super-resolution imaging techniques. In conclusion, super-resolution imaging provides a powerful tool for the study of protein aggregates, which helps to gain insight into the pathological mechanisms of related diseases and provides important information for finding effective therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112689"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were constructed through a hydrothermal synthesis employing l-cysteine and d-aspartic acid as precursors in this study. A novel scheme has been proposed for synthesizing N,S-CDs utilizing two amino acids, aiming to detect rutin. The N,S-CDs exhibit excellent luminescence performance as fluorescent sensors with a dimension of 2.5 ± 0.14 nm and excitation/emission wavelengths of 350/429 nm. The rutin quenching mechanisms in N,S-CDs was verified as the inner filter effect (IFE) by spectral analysis, fluorescence lifetime detection, and Parker equation calculation. The system features with N,S-CDs and rutin as the IFE fluorophore and IFE absorber. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of N,S-CDs presented a good linear correlation with rutin concentration in the 20–500 μmol·L-1 range based on (F0–F)/F0 = 0.0014C + 0.0152 (R2 = 0.9941) with the detection limit of 8.05 μmol·L-1. This method accurately detects the rutin concentration in samples of human urine and serum. The technique developed in this research boasts a wide linear range, fast response time, a wide pH range, excellent stability, and simplicity. It holds a promising potential for the application in the medicine and pharmacy fields.
{"title":"Inner filter effect mediated fluorescent sensing of rutin based on amino acid-derived novel nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots","authors":"Ze Fang, Xuxin Li, Xin’an Zhang, Wen Yan, Jianxiang Liu, Longshan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbon dots (N,S-CDs) were constructed through a hydrothermal synthesis employing <span>l</span>-cysteine and <span>d</span>-aspartic acid as precursors in this study. A novel scheme has been proposed for synthesizing N,S-CDs utilizing two amino acids, aiming to detect rutin. The N,S-CDs exhibit excellent luminescence performance as fluorescent sensors with a dimension of 2.5 ± 0.14 nm and excitation/emission wavelengths of 350/429 nm. The rutin quenching mechanisms in N,S-CDs was verified as the inner filter effect (IFE) by spectral analysis, fluorescence lifetime detection, and Parker equation calculation. The system features with N,S-CDs and rutin as the IFE fluorophore and IFE absorber. The fluorescence quenching efficiency of N,S-CDs presented a good linear correlation with rutin concentration in the 20–500 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> range based on (F<sub>0</sub>–F)/F<sub>0</sub> = 0.0014C + 0.0152 (<em>R</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> = 0.9941) with the detection limit of 8.05 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>. This method accurately detects the rutin concentration in samples of human urine and serum. The technique developed in this research boasts a wide linear range, fast response time, a wide pH range, excellent stability, and simplicity. It holds a promising potential for the application in the medicine and pharmacy fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112684"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112685
Kai Gao, Cheng Wang, Kaikai Liu, Haichang Zhang
The performance of n-type semiconductor materials, typically the charge transport mobility, greatly fall behind compared to those in the p-type ones, which limiting the development of the semiconductor applications. Thus, the molecular design for n-type semiconductor is both crucial and challenging. In this work, three polymers containing isoindigo and stilbene units with varying numbers of cyano-substituted were designed and applied as the semiconductor for the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The introduction of cyano groups transforms the stilbene from electron-rich to electron-deficient. As a consequence, the polymers transition from a donor-acceptor type (P0) to an acceptor-acceptor type (P1, P2). With an increasing number of the cyano groups, both of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers were decreased, with P1 and P2 exhibiting particularly low LUMO energy levels (<−4.15 eV) and ultra-low HOMO levels (<−5.7 eV). Therefore, P0 exhibited p-type semiconductor behavior with the hole transport mobility of 0.40 cm2 V−1 s−1, while cyano-substituted P1 and P2 displayed n-type characteristic with 0.62 cm2 V−1 s−1 (P1), and 0.83 cm2 V−1 s−1 (P2), respectively. In addition, the aggregation and molecular packing of the polymers in the thin film state improved with the increasing number of cyano units in the single repeat units, which facilitated interchain charge transport. Thus, P2 exhibited the highest charge transport mobility among the three polymers. This work demonstrates that introducing cyano units into the polymer backbone to synthesize an acceptor-acceptor (A-A) type polymer is a simple and effective strategy for developing n-type semiconductor materials. In addition, incorporating cyano units into the polymer backbone not only increases the electron-deficient character of the polymers and alters their charge transport properties but also might enhance charge transport mobility.
{"title":"Cyano substituted stilbene-based polymers for OFETs: From p-type to n-type","authors":"Kai Gao, Cheng Wang, Kaikai Liu, Haichang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The performance of n-type semiconductor materials, typically the charge transport mobility, greatly fall behind compared to those in the p-type ones, which limiting the development of the semiconductor applications. Thus, the molecular design for n-type semiconductor is both crucial and challenging. In this work, three polymers containing isoindigo and stilbene units with varying numbers of cyano-substituted were designed and applied as the semiconductor for the organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The introduction of cyano groups transforms the stilbene from electron-rich to electron-deficient. As a consequence, the polymers transition from a donor-acceptor type (P0) to an acceptor-acceptor type (P1, P2). With an increasing number of the cyano groups, both of the HOMO and LUMO energy levels of the polymers were decreased, with P1 and P2 exhibiting particularly low LUMO energy levels (<−4.15 eV) and ultra-low HOMO levels (<−5.7 eV). Therefore, P0 exhibited p-type semiconductor behavior with the hole transport mobility of 0.40 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, while cyano-substituted P1 and P2 displayed n-type characteristic with 0.62 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (P1), and 0.83 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>−1</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (P2), respectively. In addition, the aggregation and molecular packing of the polymers in the thin film state improved with the increasing number of cyano units in the single repeat units, which facilitated interchain charge transport. Thus, P2 exhibited the highest charge transport mobility among the three polymers. This work demonstrates that introducing cyano units into the polymer backbone to synthesize an acceptor-acceptor (A-A) type polymer is a simple and effective strategy for developing n-type semiconductor materials. In addition, incorporating cyano units into the polymer backbone not only increases the electron-deficient character of the polymers and alters their charge transport properties but also might enhance charge transport mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112685"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112683
Yifan Liu , Feiran Liu , Zichun Li , Xiaoling Zhang , Jing Jing
Breast cancer is a globally prevalent malignancy, and early classification of breast cancer is beneficial for formulating accurate treatment plans and improving prognosis. In this work, we engineered an innovative dual-marker approach, capitalizing on the precision of “AND” logic gates, to precisely identify different subtypes of exosomes derived from breast cancer. We designed two distinct nucleic acid aptamers:PD-L1 (Programmed cell death-ligand 1) aptamer conjugated with Cy3, and EpCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule) aptamer labeled with Cy5. The conjugation of both aptamers and specific connectors culminated in the establishment of a robust detection system. Upon successful binding to breast cancer-derived exosomes, a remarkable Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) phenomenon transpires, enabling the detection of the target exosomes. Through the optimization of the linker, we extended the application of this method to fluorescence imaging, which is capable of elucidating the interactions between exosomes and immune cells. This not only visualizes the process of exosome internalization into receptor cells but also paves the way for a novel non-invasive diagnostic strategy for breast cancer.
{"title":"Creating a fluorescent “AND” logic gate aptamer platform for identifying exosomes derived from breast cancer subtypes","authors":"Yifan Liu , Feiran Liu , Zichun Li , Xiaoling Zhang , Jing Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is a globally prevalent malignancy, and early classification of breast cancer is beneficial for formulating accurate treatment plans and improving prognosis. In this work, we engineered an innovative dual-marker approach, capitalizing on the precision of “AND” logic gates, to precisely identify different subtypes of exosomes derived from breast cancer. We designed two distinct nucleic acid aptamers:PD-L1 (Programmed cell death-ligand 1) aptamer conjugated with Cy3, and EpCAM (Epithelial cell adhesion molecule) aptamer labeled with Cy5. The conjugation of both aptamers and specific connectors culminated in the establishment of a robust detection system. Upon successful binding to breast cancer-derived exosomes, a remarkable Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) phenomenon transpires, enabling the detection of the target exosomes. Through the optimization of the linker, we extended the application of this method to fluorescence imaging, which is capable of elucidating the interactions between exosomes and immune cells. This not only visualizes the process of exosome internalization into receptor cells but also paves the way for a novel non-invasive diagnostic strategy for breast cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112683"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112665
Tingwu Liu , Kexin Chen , Jianwei Han , Limin Wang
Optimizing the structure of comb-shaped acrylic copolymers is essential for developing high-performance organic pigment dispersants in waterborne coatings. In this study, a series of copolymers composed of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) was synthesized via solution polymerization, maintaining a consistent molecular weight while varying the monomer ratios. The copolymers were comprehensively characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Surface properties were investigated by measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC), micellization energy, and limiting area at the liquid-gas interface as a function of polymer concentration and surface tension. The thickness of the hydration layer was calculated based on the structure, while the micelle size was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Adsorption isotherms of the polymers on phthalocyanine blue were measured to evaluate changes in adsorption amount, adsorption energy, and limiting area at the solid-liquid interface in relation to the monomer ratio. Comparison of the results from adsorption and surface tension tests elucidated polymer conformations at both liquid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. The dispersing performance of the polymers was also evaluated by testing the viscosity, particle size, and stability of pigment dispersions. This study provides insights into the design of effective polymeric dispersants for waterborne systems.
{"title":"Preparation of organic pigment dispersants based on comb-shaped acrylic copolymer and their applications","authors":"Tingwu Liu , Kexin Chen , Jianwei Han , Limin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112665","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dyepig.2025.112665","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing the structure of comb-shaped acrylic copolymers is essential for developing high-performance organic pigment dispersants in waterborne coatings. In this study, a series of copolymers composed of benzyl methacrylate (BzMA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA) was synthesized via solution polymerization, maintaining a consistent molecular weight while varying the monomer ratios. The copolymers were comprehensively characterized using gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Surface properties were investigated by measuring the critical micelle concentration (CMC), micellization energy, and limiting area at the liquid-gas interface as a function of polymer concentration and surface tension. The thickness of the hydration layer was calculated based on the structure, while the micelle size was determined using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Adsorption isotherms of the polymers on phthalocyanine blue were measured to evaluate changes in adsorption amount, adsorption energy, and limiting area at the solid-liquid interface in relation to the monomer ratio. Comparison of the results from adsorption and surface tension tests elucidated polymer conformations at both liquid-gas and solid-liquid interfaces. The dispersing performance of the polymers was also evaluated by testing the viscosity, particle size, and stability of pigment dispersions. This study provides insights into the design of effective polymeric dispersants for waterborne systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":302,"journal":{"name":"Dyes and Pigments","volume":"236 ","pages":"Article 112665"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号