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Efecto de la variedad y de la humedad de cosecha en la temperatura de transición vítrea de variedades uruguayas de arroz 品种和收获湿度对乌拉圭水稻品种玻璃化转变温度的影响
Pub Date : 2020-05-21 DOI: 10.26461/20.01
Laura Garcia Llobodanin, N. León, S. Moreira, Alejandra Billiris
La temperatura de transicion vitrea (Tg) de un material es el rango de temperaturas donde ocurre la transicion entre un estado cauchoso y un estado vitreo, produciendose cambios que se ven reflejados en sus propiedades fisicoquimicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las curvas de transicion vitrea (Tg vs. Humedad de grano) de tres variedades uruguayas de arroz y evaluar si existen diferencias significativas entre ellas. Se estudia tambien la influencia de la humedad de cosecha (HC). Para ello, cada muestra de arroz se seca por diferentes periodos de tiempo para obtener humedades de grano (HG) en un rango entre 10% y 22% (en base humeda). A continuacion, se mide la Tg por calorimetria diferencial de barrido (DSC). Los resultados se comparan aplicando ANOVA y el test de Tukey. Se observo que la Tg aumenta a medida que disminuye la HG para las tres variedades estudiadas. Las curvas de transicion vitrea muestran que existen diferencias significativas entre las tres variedades en el rango de HG de 12% a 16%. La HC no afecto la Tg en todo el rango estudiado. Los resultados obtenidos pueden aplicarse para optimizar el proceso de secado del arroz, minimizando la formacion de fisuras.
材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)是材料在胶态和玻璃态之间发生转变的温度范围,产生的变化反映在其物理化学特性中。这项工作的目的是确定三种乌拉圭水稻品种的玻璃化转变曲线(TG与谷物水分),并评估它们之间是否存在显著差异。还研究了收获湿度(HC)的影响。为此,每个大米样本都经过不同时间的干燥,以获得10%至22%范围内的谷物湿度(Hg)(湿基)。然后用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量TG。应用方差分析和Tukey测试对结果进行了比较。观察到,三个研究品种的甘油三酯随着汞的减少而增加。玻璃化转变曲线表明,这三个品种在汞含量为12%至16%的范围内存在显著差异。HC在整个研究范围内不会影响TG。所得结果可用于优化大米干燥过程,最大限度地减少裂纹的形成。
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引用次数: 1
Sífilis ocular como manifestación de neurolues. A propósito de un caso clínico. 眼梅毒是神经性的表现。关于一个临床病例。
Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.26445/05.01.3
Yohana Fagúndez, Erika Calistro, C. Castrillón, Giovanna Laborde, F. Segovia
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引用次数: 0
Dinámica larval del mejillón dorado Limnoperna fortunei en el embalse de Aguas Corrientes, río Santa Lucía, Uruguay 乌拉圭圣卢西亚河Aguas Corrientes水库金贻贝的幼虫动态
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26461/21.06
A. Somma, Lucía Nogueira, Lucía González-Madina, J. A. Langone
The golden mussel (Limnoperna fortunei) is an invasive exotic species that has several negative impacts in ecosystems worldwide. Santa Lucia River is the main drinking water source, supplying 60% of the total population of Uruguay. L. fortunei has been reported since 1996 in the basin, and nowadays is present in the three reservoirs that supply the water treatment plant. The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal dynamics of L. fortunei larvae in Aguas Corrientes reservoir (Santa Lucia River). We quantify diary L. fortunei larvae and phytoplankton, we also measure physicochemical parameters of water. L. fortunei larvae showed a seasonal dynamic and its development was promoted by temperatures up to 17°C. Temperature was the main variable controlling the presence of larvae. Once temperature was optimal for its reproduction, the reservoir level was the key variable to determine the presence of larvae. This shows the importance of flow managing in the reservoir in order to reduce golden mussel impacts during the reproductive season. We also propose two alternative regulation mechanisms of larvae, acting at two different scales: physiological and environmental.
金贻贝(Limnoperna fortunei)是一种外来入侵物种,对全球生态系统产生了负面影响。圣卢西亚河是主要的饮用水源,供应乌拉圭总人口的60%。自1996年以来,在该盆地中就有报道,现在在为水处理厂供水的三个水库中都有。本研究的目的是分析Aguas Corrientes水库(Santa Lucia River)中fortunei幼虫的时间动态。我们定量研究了黄鳝幼虫和浮游植物,并测量了水体的理化参数。17℃以下温度对金银花幼虫的发育有促进作用。温度是控制幼虫存在的主要变量。一旦温度适合其繁殖,水库水位是决定幼虫存在的关键变量。这显示了水库中流量管理的重要性,以减少繁殖季节对金贻贝的影响。我们还提出了两种不同尺度的幼虫调控机制:生理调控和环境调控。
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引用次数: 1
Hacia un monitoreo continuo de variables oceanográficas en el Parque Nacional Isla de Flores, Uruguay 乌拉圭弗洛雷斯岛国家公园海洋变量的持续监测
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26461/21.03
Romina Trinchin, Gastón Manta, R. Santana, L. Rubio, S. Horta, Cecilia Passadore, Camila de Mello, María Szephegyi, M. Barreiro
Continuous measurements of environmental conditions in coastal zones are key to understanding oceanographic and atmospheric processes, as well as improving our understanding of the marine environment for operational and conservation purposes that can be integrated into a marine spatial planning process. Several efforts have been made in Uruguay in order to achieve these goals, but they have not sustained over time due to high operative and maintenance costs of specific sensors. This work presents the first results of more than a year of continuous measurements of temperature and salinity in the Rio de la Plata obtained using a low cost solution and through a high-commitment multi-institutional teamwork between the academy and state agencies. Measurements were obtained with a DST-CTD sensor installed in Flores Island National Park, a key sampling point for the external zone of Rio de la Plata. The relevance of having this type of information is presented and the need for the implementation of a continuous long-term monitoring system is discussed.
对沿海地区环境条件的持续测量是了解海洋学和大气过程的关键,也是提高我们对海洋环境的理解,以实现可纳入海洋空间规划过程的业务和保护目的的关键。乌拉圭为实现这些目标作出了若干努力,但由于特定传感器的操作和维护费用高,这些努力未能长期持续下去。这项工作展示了在一年多的时间里,通过学院和国家机构之间的高承诺多机构团队合作,使用低成本的解决方案获得的里约热内卢de la Plata温度和盐度连续测量的第一批结果。使用安装在弗洛雷斯岛国家公园的DST-CTD传感器进行测量,该公园是里约热内卢de la Plata外部区域的关键采样点。提出了获得这类资料的重要性,并讨论了执行一个连续的长期监测系统的必要性。
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引用次数: 2
Estudio comparativo de la densidad del agua y su aplicación en el presupuesto de incertidumbre para calibraciones en volumen 水密度的比较研究及其在体积校准不确定预算中的应用
Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.26461/21.05
A. Balsa, Sheila Preste, G. Almeida, R. Esteves
In the quantity of volume, gravimetric method is considered the best accuracy method for the quantitative determination of an analyte based on its mass. The distilled water is selected as calibration liquid because it is well known how its density changes with temperature. For volume calculation at reference temperature, the water density value is obtained by known mathematic models, for example, Tanaka equation (Tanaka, et al., 2001). According to ISO 3696 (International Organization for Standardization, 1987), there are requirements for water (Grade 3), the lab needs to perform periodic studies of conductivity, but it is necessary to study the water density deviation and comparing this value with that obtained by Tanaka equation. If this deviation value (calculated by Tanaka Equation vs Oscillation – type density meter is significant, it must be considered in the uncertainty estimation for volume calibration using gravimetric method.
在体积的数量上,重量法被认为是根据分析物的质量进行定量测定的最准确的方法。选择蒸馏水作为校准液,因为众所周知,蒸馏水的密度随温度的变化是怎样的。对于参考温度下的体积计算,水密度值由已知的数学模型获得,例如Tanaka方程(Tanaka, et al., 2001)。根据ISO 3696(国际标准化组织,1987),对水(3级)有要求,实验室需要进行电导率的定期研究,但有必要研究水密度偏差,并将该值与田中方程得到的值进行比较。如果该偏差值(由田中方程与振荡式密度计计算)显著,则在用重量法进行体积校准的不确定度估计时必须考虑该偏差值。
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引用次数: 0
Bio-plásticos de polímeros a partir de fuentes renovables 可再生能源聚合物生物塑料
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.26461/19.09
Biopolymers are useful in the industry due to its elastic properties and sustainability as replacements of non-renewable polymers. In this article, bioplastics were produced and characterized using chitosan (CH), sodium alginate (SA), and galactomannan (GAL) from insects (Hermetia illucens), brown algae (Macrocystis pyrifera) and seeds (Leucaena leucocephala), respectively. The structure of biopolymers was observed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and characterized by viscosity at different concentrations. The developed bioplastics were characterized by color and mechanical properties (texture). The results were compared to standard samples (commercial). The FTIR spectra confrmed the presence of the typical structure (footprint) for the obtained polymers. The SA showed signifcantly higher viscosity for all concentrations comparedto the standard and the other polymers. The bioplastics strength was similar among CH, SA and GAL for all concentrations; only SA (0,5%) demonstrated higher strength than the standard. For color measurements, hue value indicated a red-yellowish color and the chrome increased directly proportional with polymer concentration. The observed properties suggest that these sustainable sources might be an alternativeto bioplastic production, which can be extended to functionalization and molecular interactions for broad applications in different industries.
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引用次数: 0
Diseño de un envase para alimentos sostenible, inteligente e interconectado siguiendo los principios de la cuna a la cuna y utilizando el Análisis del Ciclo de Vida para la evaluación de impactos ambientales 设计可持续、智能和互联的食品包装,遵循从摇篮到摇篮的原则,并使用生命周期分析进行环境影响评估
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.26461/19.07
María Inés Cabot Lujambio, A. Luque, A. D. L. Heras, F. Aguayo
The main objective of the present work is to help combat food waste, which is one of the main problems of the food industry today, incorporating also sustainability concepts. According to the FDA each year about 1,300 million tons of food are thrown. Food is wasted mainly at household levels, which is why the choice of the sustainable design of an intelligent interconnected packaging for domestic use is made. To achieve this, the exploration of different technologies, materials, methodologies and innovative frameworks is carried out. Regarding materials, the possibility of using biodegradable, recycled, recyclable and bioplastics was studied, along with the research of the intelligent technology to use, which ended up being sensors. As to methodologies, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and Cradle to Cradle philosophy (C2C) are deeply studied. Intelligent packaging systems are an option to contribute to minimization of food waste. The correct use of tools such as the LCA, along with the principles of the C2C, and the research on materials and technologies to be used can help designers to reach an optimal solution, minimizing environmental impacts.
目前工作的主要目标是帮助打击食物浪费,这是食品工业今天的主要问题之一,也纳入可持续发展的概念。据美国食品和药物管理局称,每年大约有13亿吨食物被扔掉。食物浪费主要发生在家庭层面,这就是为什么选择可持续设计的智能互联包装供家庭使用的原因。为了实现这一目标,对不同的技术、材料、方法和创新框架进行了探索。在材料方面,研究了使用可生物降解、可回收、可回收和生物塑料的可能性,并研究了使用的智能技术,最终成为传感器。在方法论方面,深入研究了生命周期分析(LCA)和从摇篮到摇篮哲学(C2C)。智能包装系统是一种有助于减少食物浪费的选择。正确使用LCA等工具,以及C2C原则,以及对所使用的材料和技术的研究,可以帮助设计师达到最佳解决方案,最大限度地减少对环境的影响。
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引用次数: 0
De residuo industrial a ingrediente funcional: el potencial de la cáscara de granada 从工业残留物到功能成分:石榴壳的潜力
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.26461/19.04
Á. Torres, Melina Lebed, Patricia Lourdes Arcia Cabrera, Ana Curutchet, Sonia Cozzano
During the industrial production of pomegranate juice, peel is generated as a by-product. The aim of this work was to valuate this by-product through the green extraction of soluble antioxidants while recovering insoluble fiber. Pomegranate by-product once dried and ground was subjected to a water extraction process (65 °C for 30 min), obtaining two fractions: soluble and insoluble ones. The insoluble fraction had a high fiber content (52,28 ± 2,99 g/100g) while the soluble fraction had a high total polyphenol content (1049,98 ± 3,98 mg gallic acid/100g) and an antioxidant capacity against ABTS radicals of 1486,57 ± 0,05 μmol Trolox/g. Using the soluble fraction, a jelly and a beverage were formulated, while cookies and muffins were formulated with the insoluble fraction. All products were formulated without sugar, and cookies and muffins also complying with the claim “source of fiber”. Acceptability was evaluated by consumers (n = 100), being cookies and muffins the most accepted (7,0 and 6,3, respectively). Pomegranate by-product was revalued in a sustainable and low cost way, obtaining new functional ingredients, so representing an opportunity for industry.
在石榴汁的工业生产过程中,石榴皮是一种副产品。本工作的目的是在回收不溶性纤维的同时,通过可溶性抗氧化剂的绿色提取来评估这种副产物。石榴副产品一旦干燥和研磨,就进行水提取工艺(65°C,30分钟),获得两种组分:可溶性和不溶性。不溶性部分具有高纤维含量(52.28±2.99 g/100g),而可溶性部分具有高总多酚含量(1049,98±3.98 mg没食子酸/100g)和对ABTS自由基的抗氧化能力为1486,57±0,05μmol Trolox/g。使用可溶性部分配制果冻和饮料,而饼干和松饼则用不溶性部分配制。所有产品的配方都不含糖,饼干和松饼也符合“纤维来源”的要求。消费者(n=100)对可接受性进行了评估,其中饼干和松饼最受欢迎(分别为7,0和6,3)。石榴副产品以可持续和低成本的方式进行了重新估价,获得了新的功能成分,因此为工业带来了机遇。
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引用次数: 0
Compuestos bioactivos y capacidad antioxidante en frutos nativos del Uruguay 乌拉圭本土水果中的生物活性化合物和抗氧化能力
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.26461/19.02
Virginia Paulina Ferrari Morena, Facundo Ibáñez, Danilo Cabrera, Betiana Pintado
Diferentes acessos de frutos nativos de ‘Araca’ (Psidium cattleianum), ‘Guabiju’ (Myrcianthes pungens) e ‘Goiaba Serrana’ (Acca sellowiana) foram avaliados como parte de um programa de selecao para obtencao de cultivares comerciais. O objetivo foi oferecer aos produtores a opcao de cultivo de novas frutiferas locais e proporcionar aos consumidores alternativas alimentares com propriedades nutricionais e nutraceuticasreconhecidas. A qualidade fisico-quimica, conteudo de compostos fenolicos, vitamina C e antocianinas, e a relacao com a atividade antioxidante total por meio de DPPH e ORAC foram avaliadas nos diferentes genotipos. As metodologias para defnicao dos compostos bioativos e capacidade antioxidante foram validadas a escala micro volumetricas, seguindo os principios da “Quimica Verde”. O conteudo de compostosbioativos diferiu signifcativamente dependendo da especie e do acesso (p ≤ 0,05). Os resultados encontrados confrmam as propriedades nutricionais e a potencial capacidade antioxidante destes frutos. Os efeitos das variaveis agronomicas e ambientais nos genotipos selecionados devem ser investigados para ajustar as tecnologias de producao comercial e explorar as caracteristicas nutraceuticas encontradas.
作为获得商业品种选择计划的一部分,对“Araca”(Psidium cattleianum)、“Guabiju”(Myrcianthes pungens)和“Goiaba Serrana”(Acca sellowiana)的不同本地果实进行了评估。其目的是为生产者提供种植新的本地水果的选择,并为消费者提供具有公认营养和营养特性的食品替代品。采用DPPH和ORAC评价了不同基因型的理化品质、酚类化合物、维生素C和花青素含量及其与总抗氧化活性的关系。根据“绿色化学”的原则,在微体积尺度上验证了生物活性化合物和抗氧化能力的测定方法。生物活性化合物的含量因种类和途径的不同而有显著差异(p≤0.05)。结果证实了这些水果的营养特性和潜在的抗氧化能力。应研究农艺和环境变量对选定基因型的影响,以调整商业生产技术,并探索发现的营养特性。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluación del impacto de nuevas perforaciones en el Sistema Acuífero Guaraní sobre el conjunto de pozos operando en las ciudades de Concordia y Salto 瓜拉尼含水层系统新钻探对Concordia和Salto市所有油井的影响评估
Pub Date : 2019-06-26 DOI: 10.26461/18.04
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引用次数: 0
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