P. Eamsobhana, D. Watthanakulpanich, P. Punthuprapasa, A. Yoolek, Somkuan Suvuttho
A newly developed agglutination test using gelatin particles as an antigen carrier (GPAT) was compared with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Parastrongylus cantonensis antibodies in sera from patients. A total of 70 sera was used in the study. Of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, toxocariasis, filariasis and malaria. The control group consisted of 50 serum samples from normal healthy individuals. The mean reciprocal titer of the parastrongyliasis patients group was significantly higher than that of the normal group as well as those of other parasitic infections. The sensitivity and specificity of the GPAT were 100% and 92.4%, respectively. The results of GPAT in detecting P. cantonensis antibodies appeared to be closely correlated with those obtained with ELISA. The GPAT, however, is more easy, rapid and cheap; it may also be a test of choice for routine immunodiagnosis of human parastrongyliasis.
{"title":"DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES TO PARASTRONGYLUS CANTONENSIS IN HUMAN SERA BY GELATIN PARTICLE INDIRECT AGGLUTINATION TEST","authors":"P. Eamsobhana, D. Watthanakulpanich, P. Punthuprapasa, A. Yoolek, Somkuan Suvuttho","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.1","url":null,"abstract":"A newly developed agglutination test using gelatin particles as an antigen carrier (GPAT) was compared with a conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of Parastrongylus cantonensis antibodies in sera from patients. A total of 70 sera was used in the study. Of these, 10 each were from patients with parastrongyliasis, gnathostomiasis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, toxocariasis, filariasis and malaria. The control group consisted of 50 serum samples from normal healthy individuals. The mean reciprocal titer of the parastrongyliasis patients group was significantly higher than that of the normal group as well as those of other parasitic infections. The sensitivity and specificity of the GPAT were 100% and 92.4%, respectively. The results of GPAT in detecting P. cantonensis antibodies appeared to be closely correlated with those obtained with ELISA. The GPAT, however, is more easy, rapid and cheap; it may also be a test of choice for routine immunodiagnosis of human parastrongyliasis.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125768956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Guevara, C. JuanCRuiz, R. Houghton, L. Reynolds, P. Sleath, D. Benson, A. Ouaissi, R. Guderian
Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around 17 million people in Central and South America (WHO, 1997) . The main route of transmission involves T cruzi infected triatomine insect bites, but other mechanisms of transmission such as blood transfusion or blood derived products have been reported to be responsible for fatal cases of acute Chagas' disease (Villalba et al., 1992) . Improved vector control by insecticide spraying and better management of blood banks in endemic areas are essential to reduce the disease transmission. Transfusion-associated transmission is not only a threat in the endemic countries but also in non-endemic areas due to migration of T. cruzi-infected individuals (Kirchoff, 1993) and the serological screening of blood banks could reduce the transfusion-associated transmission, avoiding the transportation of contaminated blood with the parasite. Actually, the use of serological screening in disease control is hindered by the cost of the assays and the sensitivity and secificity of the antigens used. Recently, with the development of the DNA technology, highly specific and sensitive recombinant antigens (Taibi et al., 1995) , as well as T. cruzi specific synthetic peptides, have been useful in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease (Burns Jr. et al., 1992) . In Ecuador, although Chagas' disease has been known to exist since 1927 (Arteaga, 1930) , the true prevalence of the disease is still unknown. In the country, blood bank screening for Chagas' disease is mandatory but testing in blood banks located in endemic areas is not regular. Recently, blood donors were found to be positive for antiT . cruzi antibodies in a vector-free region and even in non-endemic areas of the country (Grijalva et al., 1995, 1997) . Therefore, the screening of blood bank donors is a necessity in Ecuador. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of antiT . cruzi antibodies in Ecuadorian blood banks from two areas endemic for Chagas' disease. Serum samples from blood donors of the Red Cross Blood Bank of Guayaquil, province of Guayas (n= 1,423) , and from the Blood Bank of Machala, province of El Oro (n = 203) , were obtained during the period from March to June 1996 (Figure 1) . The samples were randomly collected and no distinction was made between volunteers, paid and frequently members. These samples collected were stored at -20°C until used. Total lysate obtained from T . cruzi epimastigotes
恰加斯病是由血鞭毛虫克氏锥虫引起的，影响中美洲和南美洲约1700万人(世卫组织，1997年)。主要传播途径涉及感染克氏锥虫的锥蝽虫叮咬，但据报道，输血或血液制品等其他传播机制也导致了急性恰加斯病的致命病例(Villalba et al.， 1992)。通过喷洒杀虫剂改善病媒控制和改善流行地区血库管理，对减少疾病传播至关重要。输血相关传播不仅在流行国家是一种威胁，而且在非流行地区，由于克氏弓形虫感染个体的迁移(Kirchoff, 1993)，血库的血清学筛查可以减少输血相关传播，避免被寄生虫污染的血液运输。实际上，血清学筛查在疾病控制中的应用受到检测成本和所用抗原的敏感性和特异性的阻碍。近年来，随着DNA技术的发展，高度特异和敏感的重组抗原(Taibi et al.， 1995)以及克鲁氏锥虫特异性合成肽已被用于恰加斯病的诊断(Burns Jr. et al.， 1992)。在厄瓜多尔，虽然已知查加斯病自1927年以来就存在(Arteaga, 1930年)，但该疾病的真正流行情况仍然未知。在该国，血库筛查恰加斯病是强制性的，但在流行地区的血库不定期进行检测。最近，献血者被发现抗t抗体呈阳性。在无病载体地区，甚至在该国非流行地区发现克氏抗体(Grijalva等人，1995年，1997年)。因此，筛查血库献血者在厄瓜多尔是必要的。本研究旨在确定抗t的流行程度。厄瓜多尔血库中来自两个恰加斯病流行地区的克鲁兹抗体。1996年3月至6月期间，从瓜亚斯省瓜亚基尔红十字血库的献血者(n= 1423)和埃尔奥罗省马查拉血库的献血者(n= 203)获得了血清样本(图1)。样本是随机收集的，没有区分志愿者、付费会员和普通会员。收集的样品保存在-20°C直到使用。总裂解物从T。cruzi epimastigotes
{"title":"EVALUATION OF A RECOMBINANT PROTEIN (RTC24) AND SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES IN ANTI-TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI POSITIVE SAMPLES FROM BLOOD BANK DONORS IN CHAGASIC ENDEMIC AREAS OF ECUADOR","authors":"A. Guevara, C. JuanCRuiz, R. Houghton, L. Reynolds, P. Sleath, D. Benson, A. Ouaissi, R. Guderian","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.19","url":null,"abstract":"Chagas' disease, caused by the hemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around 17 million people in Central and South America (WHO, 1997) . The main route of transmission involves T cruzi infected triatomine insect bites, but other mechanisms of transmission such as blood transfusion or blood derived products have been reported to be responsible for fatal cases of acute Chagas' disease (Villalba et al., 1992) . Improved vector control by insecticide spraying and better management of blood banks in endemic areas are essential to reduce the disease transmission. Transfusion-associated transmission is not only a threat in the endemic countries but also in non-endemic areas due to migration of T. cruzi-infected individuals (Kirchoff, 1993) and the serological screening of blood banks could reduce the transfusion-associated transmission, avoiding the transportation of contaminated blood with the parasite. Actually, the use of serological screening in disease control is hindered by the cost of the assays and the sensitivity and secificity of the antigens used. Recently, with the development of the DNA technology, highly specific and sensitive recombinant antigens (Taibi et al., 1995) , as well as T. cruzi specific synthetic peptides, have been useful in the diagnosis of Chagas' disease (Burns Jr. et al., 1992) . In Ecuador, although Chagas' disease has been known to exist since 1927 (Arteaga, 1930) , the true prevalence of the disease is still unknown. In the country, blood bank screening for Chagas' disease is mandatory but testing in blood banks located in endemic areas is not regular. Recently, blood donors were found to be positive for antiT . cruzi antibodies in a vector-free region and even in non-endemic areas of the country (Grijalva et al., 1995, 1997) . Therefore, the screening of blood bank donors is a necessity in Ecuador. The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of antiT . cruzi antibodies in Ecuadorian blood banks from two areas endemic for Chagas' disease. Serum samples from blood donors of the Red Cross Blood Bank of Guayaquil, province of Guayas (n= 1,423) , and from the Blood Bank of Machala, province of El Oro (n = 203) , were obtained during the period from March to June 1996 (Figure 1) . The samples were randomly collected and no distinction was made between volunteers, paid and frequently members. These samples collected were stored at -20°C until used. Total lysate obtained from T . cruzi epimastigotes","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"38 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125735661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Jutavijittum, Y. Jiviriyawat, A. Yousukh, K. Toriyama, H. Itakura, M. Yano, S. Hayashi
A total of 1, 889 voluntarily donated blood from five provinces in northern Thailand were investigated for the prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The average positive rates of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs, IgM anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HIV were 8.7, 42.6, 0.5, 1.6 and 1.7%, respectively. The highest positive rates of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs, IgM anti-HCV and anti-HIV were found in the age group under 19 years (13.3%), 40-49 year old group (47.6%), 20-29 year old group (0.6%), 30-39 year old group (2.6%) and 20-29 year old group (2.9%), respectively. We found only two cases that were anti-HIV and HBs-Ag positive. There are no cases that were anti-HIV and IgM anti-HBc positive, and that were anti-HIV and anti-HCV positive. These results suggest that in northern Thailand, most of the HBV infections are due to vertical transmission from mother to child, although HBV infection is a major cause of viral hepatitis, HCV infection will become an important public health problem in the near future and that the prevalence of HIV infection is quite high among sexually active generations. Therefore, there is a need for more medical attention to these blood-borne virus diseases, and we strongly recommend routine blood screening for HCV in every medical institutions in northern Thailand.
{"title":"A SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON HEPATITIS B VIRUS, HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION IN NORTHERN THAILAND","authors":"P. Jutavijittum, Y. Jiviriyawat, A. Yousukh, K. Toriyama, H. Itakura, M. Yano, S. Hayashi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.13","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 1, 889 voluntarily donated blood from five provinces in northern Thailand were investigated for the prevalences of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The average positive rates of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs, IgM anti-HBc, anti-HCV and anti-HIV were 8.7, 42.6, 0.5, 1.6 and 1.7%, respectively. The highest positive rates of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs, IgM anti-HCV and anti-HIV were found in the age group under 19 years (13.3%), 40-49 year old group (47.6%), 20-29 year old group (0.6%), 30-39 year old group (2.6%) and 20-29 year old group (2.9%), respectively. We found only two cases that were anti-HIV and HBs-Ag positive. There are no cases that were anti-HIV and IgM anti-HBc positive, and that were anti-HIV and anti-HCV positive. These results suggest that in northern Thailand, most of the HBV infections are due to vertical transmission from mother to child, although HBV infection is a major cause of viral hepatitis, HCV infection will become an important public health problem in the near future and that the prevalence of HIV infection is quite high among sexually active generations. Therefore, there is a need for more medical attention to these blood-borne virus diseases, and we strongly recommend routine blood screening for HCV in every medical institutions in northern Thailand.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131669763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cDNA for a member of stress induced 70-kDa protein family (hsp70) from Toxoplasma gondii was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a 667 amino acid protein70-80% homologous to other parasite and mammalian hsp70s. Southern blot analysis suggested that it is encoded by an intronless gene. A protein of-77-kDa was identified in a lysate of T. gondii tachyzoites by mAbs generated against the recombinant hsp70 protein. Anti-human hsp70 mAb also cross-reacted with a T gondii protein of the identical molecular weight. However, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of these proteins indicated that it was distinct from the cloned hsp70 product, suggesting that T gondii expresses another hsp 70-like protein. Among 22 mice infected with a low virulence Fukaya strain of T. gondii, 6 mice exhibited significant humoral anti-hsp70 Ab responses. This Ab responses peaked at 1-2 weeks of infection, plateaued for 2-3 weeks and gradually declined to nearly undetectable levels at 6 weeks of infection. In contrast, the levels of serum Ab specific for soluble tachyzoite Ags continued to increase during the infection in all mice examined. These features suggest that pathogen-derived hsp70 may play a unique role in the induction and maintenance of the host immune responses.
{"title":"Humoral Immune Responces Against Members of the HSP70 Family in Toxoplasma gondii .","authors":"K. Yui, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.305","url":null,"abstract":"The cDNA for a member of stress induced 70-kDa protein family (hsp70) from Toxoplasma gondii was cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a 667 amino acid protein70-80% homologous to other parasite and mammalian hsp70s. Southern blot analysis suggested that it is encoded by an intronless gene. A protein of-77-kDa was identified in a lysate of T. gondii tachyzoites by mAbs generated against the recombinant hsp70 protein. Anti-human hsp70 mAb also cross-reacted with a T gondii protein of the identical molecular weight. However, immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis of these proteins indicated that it was distinct from the cloned hsp70 product, suggesting that T gondii expresses another hsp 70-like protein. Among 22 mice infected with a low virulence Fukaya strain of T. gondii, 6 mice exhibited significant humoral anti-hsp70 Ab responses. This Ab responses peaked at 1-2 weeks of infection, plateaued for 2-3 weeks and gradually declined to nearly undetectable levels at 6 weeks of infection. In contrast, the levels of serum Ab specific for soluble tachyzoite Ags continued to increase during the infection in all mice examined. These features suggest that pathogen-derived hsp70 may play a unique role in the induction and maintenance of the host immune responses.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124701797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Treeprasertsuk, D. Chindanond, P. Wilairatana, S. Krudsood, V. Bussaratid, R. Glanarongran, Sompan Srinukham, R. Hutagalung, S. Looareesuwan
Concomitant infection with malaria and filariasis is known to occur in animals and the coinfection appears to lessen the severity of malaria. We report here the incidence of co-infection with filariasis among 4, 201 malaria patients admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand, between 1995 and 1997. There were eight patients (0.2%) with microfilariae (all Wuchereria bancrofti) in the peripheral blood smear. Four of the 8 patients had falciparum malaria and two patients among this group had cerebral malaria which responded to treatment without any long term sequelae. The rest four patients, three had vivax malaria while the last one had uncomplicated mixed infection of falciparum and vivax malaria. Filariasis was asymptomatic in all patients and cured with diethylcarbamazine. The eight patients resided along the Thai-Myanmar border, which is known to be endemic for both diseases. Our findings indicate the existence of co-infection of malaria and filariasis in Thailand, especially among patients from the Thai-Myanmar border. From this small number of patients, it is difficult to conclude that filariasis affects the severity of malaria. However, the data does emphasize that early diagnosis and early treatment of both infections is possible.
{"title":"INCIDENCE OF FILARIASIS AS A CO-INFECTION IN MALARIA PATIENTS COMING FROM THAI-MYANMAR BORDER BETWEEN 1995-1997","authors":"S. Treeprasertsuk, D. Chindanond, P. Wilairatana, S. Krudsood, V. Bussaratid, R. Glanarongran, Sompan Srinukham, R. Hutagalung, S. Looareesuwan","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.323","url":null,"abstract":"Concomitant infection with malaria and filariasis is known to occur in animals and the coinfection appears to lessen the severity of malaria. We report here the incidence of co-infection with filariasis among 4, 201 malaria patients admitted to the Bangkok Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Mahidol University, Thailand, between 1995 and 1997. There were eight patients (0.2%) with microfilariae (all Wuchereria bancrofti) in the peripheral blood smear. Four of the 8 patients had falciparum malaria and two patients among this group had cerebral malaria which responded to treatment without any long term sequelae. The rest four patients, three had vivax malaria while the last one had uncomplicated mixed infection of falciparum and vivax malaria. Filariasis was asymptomatic in all patients and cured with diethylcarbamazine. The eight patients resided along the Thai-Myanmar border, which is known to be endemic for both diseases. Our findings indicate the existence of co-infection of malaria and filariasis in Thailand, especially among patients from the Thai-Myanmar border. From this small number of patients, it is difficult to conclude that filariasis affects the severity of malaria. However, the data does emphasize that early diagnosis and early treatment of both infections is possible.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125844810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Yamashiro, S. Insisiengmay, Y. Honma, N. Higa, M. Enami, M. Iwanaga
An epidemic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis with several outbreaks occurred in Vientiane, People's Democratic Republic of Lao (Laos), an inland country in August and September in 1997. Serotypes of the 36 isolated V.parahaemolyticus strains from the patients were all O3 : K6. The organisms grew in peptone water supplemented with 10%NaCl. All isolates were positive for Kanagawa phenomenon, and they were positive for tdh, negative for trh and urease. Genomic patterns were not completely identical, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The causative food was suspected to be a papaya salad containing minced and salted fresh water crab. Although a Kanagawa phenomenon positive V.parahaemolyticus strain was isolated from the suspicious food, the serotype was O2 : K28, tdh and trh were negative.
{"title":"BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY ON VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS ISOLATED FROM THE OUTBREAKS OF DIARRHEA IN LAOS, AN INLAND COUNTRY","authors":"T. Yamashiro, S. Insisiengmay, Y. Honma, N. Higa, M. Enami, M. Iwanaga","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.319","url":null,"abstract":"An epidemic of Vibrio parahaemolyticus gastroenteritis with several outbreaks occurred in Vientiane, People's Democratic Republic of Lao (Laos), an inland country in August and September in 1997. Serotypes of the 36 isolated V.parahaemolyticus strains from the patients were all O3 : K6. The organisms grew in peptone water supplemented with 10%NaCl. All isolates were positive for Kanagawa phenomenon, and they were positive for tdh, negative for trh and urease. Genomic patterns were not completely identical, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The causative food was suspected to be a papaya salad containing minced and salted fresh water crab. Although a Kanagawa phenomenon positive V.parahaemolyticus strain was isolated from the suspicious food, the serotype was O2 : K28, tdh and trh were negative.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cercarial maturation time, duration of cercarial emergence and number of cercariae released were studied in five subspecies of laboratory-reared Oncomelania hupensis (Oncomelania hupensis nosophora, O. h. hupensis, O. h. formosana, O. h. chiui and O. h. quadrasi) infected with three different geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. O. h. nosophora, O. h. hupensis and O. h. formosana were the most suitable host snails for the Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese strains of S. japonicum, respectively. The cercarial maturation time in the most suitable host snails were 8 weeks for the Taiwanese strain of S. japonicum and 10 weeks for the Japanese and Chinese strains after exposure to 5 miracidia. The duration of cercarial emergence were 9 weeks for the Taiwanese strain, 17 weeks for the Chinese strain and 16 weeks for the Japanese strain. The duration of cercarial emergence was similar in the remaining subspecies, but the maturation time of cercariae was longer. For numbers of cercariae emergenced from snails, the most suitable host snails had a tendency to released more cercariae than the remaining snails.
{"title":"Comparative Studies for Development of Three Different Geographic Strains of Schistosoma japonicum Cercariae in Five Subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis.","authors":"Y. Iwanaga, Kim Mu Lee, P. Fan, M. Tsuji","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.167","url":null,"abstract":"Cercarial maturation time, duration of cercarial emergence and number of cercariae released were studied in five subspecies of laboratory-reared Oncomelania hupensis (Oncomelania hupensis nosophora, O. h. hupensis, O. h. formosana, O. h. chiui and O. h. quadrasi) infected with three different geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. O. h. nosophora, O. h. hupensis and O. h. formosana were the most suitable host snails for the Japanese, Chinese and Taiwanese strains of S. japonicum, respectively. The cercarial maturation time in the most suitable host snails were 8 weeks for the Taiwanese strain of S. japonicum and 10 weeks for the Japanese and Chinese strains after exposure to 5 miracidia. The duration of cercarial emergence were 9 weeks for the Taiwanese strain, 17 weeks for the Chinese strain and 16 weeks for the Japanese strain. The duration of cercarial emergence was similar in the remaining subspecies, but the maturation time of cercariae was longer. For numbers of cercariae emergenced from snails, the most suitable host snails had a tendency to released more cercariae than the remaining snails.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116142957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Toma, I. Miyagi, Y. Tokuyama, R. Asato, J. Kudaka
From 1991 to 1992, the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis was clarified in stray dogs from Okinawa, Kume where the first survey was carried out, Miyako, and Ishigaki Isls. of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The number of dogs examined was 504 in Okinawa, 13 in Kume, 139 in Miyako and 184 in Ishigaki Isls. In the islands except Miyako Is., about 40% of adult dogs (one year or older) were determined to be infected with D. immitis; but in Miyako Is., 8.3% of adult dogs were positive. All the worms recovered were D. immitis. In Ishigaki Is., the incidence was higher than that reported by Asato et al. (1985). However, in Miyako Is. where young dogs were examined, the incidence was similar to that reported by Asato et al. (1985). In Kume Is., the incidence of D. immitis in house dogs was also examined by the presence of the microfilariae, being 25.5% in outdoor dogs reared outside and none in dogs retained indoor.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF CANINE HEART FILARIA, DIROFILARIA IMMITIS, IN DOGS IN OKINAWA PREFECTURE, JAPAN, 1991-1992","authors":"T. Toma, I. Miyagi, Y. Tokuyama, R. Asato, J. Kudaka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.161","url":null,"abstract":"From 1991 to 1992, the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis was clarified in stray dogs from Okinawa, Kume where the first survey was carried out, Miyako, and Ishigaki Isls. of Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The number of dogs examined was 504 in Okinawa, 13 in Kume, 139 in Miyako and 184 in Ishigaki Isls. In the islands except Miyako Is., about 40% of adult dogs (one year or older) were determined to be infected with D. immitis; but in Miyako Is., 8.3% of adult dogs were positive. All the worms recovered were D. immitis. In Ishigaki Is., the incidence was higher than that reported by Asato et al. (1985). However, in Miyako Is. where young dogs were examined, the incidence was similar to that reported by Asato et al. (1985). In Kume Is., the incidence of D. immitis in house dogs was also examined by the presence of the microfilariae, being 25.5% in outdoor dogs reared outside and none in dogs retained indoor.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"12 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131042253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Uni, Yoshitaka Suzuki, H. Chiba, A. Katsumi, H. Takaoka, O. Bain
In 1988-1989, microfilariae of an unidentified Onchocerca species were found in the skin of eight of the 16 cattle aged at least 5 years that were examined in Oita, Kyushu, Japan. Adult worms were not found in cattle, but the microfilariae taken from skin snips, which have coiled posterior parts, were grown to the infective stage in simuliid. In 1997, both adults and microfilariae of 0. suzukii were recovered from Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Yamagata, Honshu. Such microfilariae from serows, reported here for the first time, had coiled posterior parts and measurements {130-160 (mean, 140) pm long and 4-6 (5) μm wide} close to those from cattle. The findings showed that the Onchocerca sp. in cattle in Kyushu is O. suzukii, a transfuge parasite from the Japanese endemic bovid, C. crispus.
{"title":"AN ONCHOCERCA SPECIES FROM CATTLE ON KYUSHU ISLAND IS O. SUZUKII, A TRANSFUGE PARASITE FROM THE JAPANESE ENDEMIC BOVID, CAPRICORNIS CRISPUS","authors":"S. Uni, Yoshitaka Suzuki, H. Chiba, A. Katsumi, H. Takaoka, O. Bain","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.157","url":null,"abstract":"In 1988-1989, microfilariae of an unidentified Onchocerca species were found in the skin of eight of the 16 cattle aged at least 5 years that were examined in Oita, Kyushu, Japan. Adult worms were not found in cattle, but the microfilariae taken from skin snips, which have coiled posterior parts, were grown to the infective stage in simuliid. In 1997, both adults and microfilariae of 0. suzukii were recovered from Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus) in Yamagata, Honshu. Such microfilariae from serows, reported here for the first time, had coiled posterior parts and measurements {130-160 (mean, 140) pm long and 4-6 (5) μm wide} close to those from cattle. The findings showed that the Onchocerca sp. in cattle in Kyushu is O. suzukii, a transfuge parasite from the Japanese endemic bovid, C. crispus.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133315588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Current epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects of imported malaria in Japan were examined from 1980 to 1995 by sending questionnaires every year to more than 1,500 major hospitals. Imported malaria gradually increased in number from 1980 and became more than 100 from 1990. The number of cases with falciparum malaria increased in number from around 1993 and became comparable to the number of vivax malaria. As the presumptive place of contraction, Africa has been increasingly important, especially for falciparum malaria. Recently the number of foreign cases, most often from India, has been becoming rather high, ranging 24 to 36% of the total cases. We found 7 fatal cases with falciparum malaria, all of whom seemed to be infected in Africa except for a Japanese female due to domestic transfusion malaria. Recrudescence and relapse were detected at significant rates, i.e., 2.2 to 9.5% and 5.4 to 17.2% of the cases with falciparum and vivax malaria analyzed, respectively. Concerning the antimalarial drugs available in Japan, mefloquine has been the drug of choice after the Research Group for Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents against Tropical Parasitic Diseases supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare started its import for clinical trial. Further efforts are still needed to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic capacity against imported malaria in Japan.
{"title":"STUDIES ON CURRENT TREND OF IMPORTED MALARIA IN JAPAN","authors":"H. Ohtomo, T. Takeuchi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.26.151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.26.151","url":null,"abstract":"Current epidemiologic and therapeutic aspects of imported malaria in Japan were examined from 1980 to 1995 by sending questionnaires every year to more than 1,500 major hospitals. Imported malaria gradually increased in number from 1980 and became more than 100 from 1990. The number of cases with falciparum malaria increased in number from around 1993 and became comparable to the number of vivax malaria. As the presumptive place of contraction, Africa has been increasingly important, especially for falciparum malaria. Recently the number of foreign cases, most often from India, has been becoming rather high, ranging 24 to 36% of the total cases. We found 7 fatal cases with falciparum malaria, all of whom seemed to be infected in Africa except for a Japanese female due to domestic transfusion malaria. Recrudescence and relapse were detected at significant rates, i.e., 2.2 to 9.5% and 5.4 to 17.2% of the cases with falciparum and vivax malaria analyzed, respectively. Concerning the antimalarial drugs available in Japan, mefloquine has been the drug of choice after the Research Group for Development of Chemotherapeutic Agents against Tropical Parasitic Diseases supported by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare started its import for clinical trial. Further efforts are still needed to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic capacity against imported malaria in Japan.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114535407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：