{"title":"CLINICAL EXPERIENCE WITH CURDLAN SULFATE IN PLASMODIUM FALCIPURUM MALARIA","authors":"I. Havlik, P. Thuma, S. Looareesuwan, Y. Kaneko","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.29.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.29.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The treatment of malaria is chemotherapy that acts specific for the stage of parasite and results in improvement of symptoms with suppression of fever. The treatment of falcipalum malaria has been changing by appearance of drug-resistant strains of this parasite and supply of orphan drugs from the study group supported by Japanese Ministry of Public Health and Welfare. Although many kinds of antimalarial drug has been developed for the treatment of drugresistant falciparum malaria, only two drugs obtained ap-
{"title":"RECENT ADVANCE OF SUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT AGAINST FALCIPURUM MALARIA IN JAPAN","authors":"H. Ohtomo","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.29.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.29.10","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of malaria is chemotherapy that acts specific for the stage of parasite and results in improvement of symptoms with suppression of fever. The treatment of falcipalum malaria has been changing by appearance of drug-resistant strains of this parasite and supply of orphan drugs from the study group supported by Japanese Ministry of Public Health and Welfare. Although many kinds of antimalarial drug has been developed for the treatment of drugresistant falciparum malaria, only two drugs obtained ap-","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126189673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. He, Renli Zhang, H. Kawaguchi, A. Yoshida, M. Itoh, Yan Chen, N. Ohta
We analyzed roles of testosterone on susceptibility to infection during murine experimental schistosomiasis japonica. Male C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum showed marked reduction in serum level of testosterone compared with infection-free male control mice, suggesting that S. japonicum infection suppressed testosterone level in host animals. Potential roles of testosterone in the susceptibility to schistosomiasis were tested by preparing mice in which testosterone levels were artificially manipulated. At 45 days after infection, we observed that male mice with reduced testosterone level showed significantly higher worm burden (p<0.05). The area occupied by granulomas in liver was increased in mice of low circulating testosterone level possibly due to the high worm burden. High level of testosterone also inhibited, to some extent, fecundity of the female parasites. Treatment of infected mice with an inhibitor for testosterone receptor did not alter worm burden, and this suggests that testosterone could have direct effects on the parasites.
{"title":"Role of Testosterone in Host-Parasite Interaction During Murine Experimental Infection of Schistosoma Japanicum.","authors":"H. He, Renli Zhang, H. Kawaguchi, A. Yoshida, M. Itoh, Yan Chen, N. Ohta","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.29.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.29.1","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed roles of testosterone on susceptibility to infection during murine experimental schistosomiasis japonica. Male C57BL/6 mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum showed marked reduction in serum level of testosterone compared with infection-free male control mice, suggesting that S. japonicum infection suppressed testosterone level in host animals. Potential roles of testosterone in the susceptibility to schistosomiasis were tested by preparing mice in which testosterone levels were artificially manipulated. At 45 days after infection, we observed that male mice with reduced testosterone level showed significantly higher worm burden (p<0.05). The area occupied by granulomas in liver was increased in mice of low circulating testosterone level possibly due to the high worm burden. High level of testosterone also inhibited, to some extent, fecundity of the female parasites. Treatment of infected mice with an inhibitor for testosterone receptor did not alter worm burden, and this suggests that testosterone could have direct effects on the parasites.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127238385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new black-fly species, Simulium (Morops) lilianae sp. nov., is described from a female that was reared from a pupa collected in Banaue, Luzon Is., Philippines. In the female, this new species is distinguished from all the eight known Morops species reported from the Philippines by the mandible with serrations on both sides. This new species, S. (M.) lilianae, is somewhat similar in the female to S. (M.) disneyi reported from Sulawesi by having the similar mandible, but easily separated from the latter by the size of the sensory vesicle and the coloration of the mid and hind tibiae. In the pupal stage, S. (M.) lilianae is distinctive within this subgenus by having the antler-like gills.
{"title":"A New Black-fly Species of Simulium (Morops) from Luzon Island, Philippines (Diptera: Simuliidae).","authors":"H. Takaoka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.361","url":null,"abstract":"A new black-fly species, Simulium (Morops) lilianae sp. nov., is described from a female that was reared from a pupa collected in Banaue, Luzon Is., Philippines. In the female, this new species is distinguished from all the eight known Morops species reported from the Philippines by the mandible with serrations on both sides. This new species, S. (M.) lilianae, is somewhat similar in the female to S. (M.) disneyi reported from Sulawesi by having the similar mandible, but easily separated from the latter by the size of the sensory vesicle and the coloration of the mid and hind tibiae. In the pupal stage, S. (M.) lilianae is distinctive within this subgenus by having the antler-like gills.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128263290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Mizuno, T. Hatabu, S. Kawazu, G. Masuda, H. Ohtomo, Mamoru Suzuki, S. Kano
gen at a low concentration (WHO, 1977). Now, the gas condition can be adjusted automatically in an ordinary CO2 incubator (Waki et al ., 1984) or a computerized mixed-gas incubator (Takagi and Waki, 1987; Trager, 1990). Although an incubation system can be easily maintained in a relatively sophisticated laboratory, it is not always an appropriate technology to transfer to the field. The AnaeroPack(R)_ Malaria Culture System (SUGIYAMA-GEN Co., Ltd., Tokyo) was devised as a portable cultivation system in which the proper conditions for growing P. falciparum parasites can be maintained in a sealed jar. Culture-adapted strains of P. falciparum have been reported to grow nicely in systems that use such gas generators as the AnaeroPack(R)•ECampylo
低浓度gen(世卫组织，1977年)。现在，在普通的CO2培养箱(Waki et al .， 1984)或计算机化的混合气体培养箱(Takagi and Waki, 1987;载体,1990)。虽然孵化系统可以很容易地在一个相对复杂的实验室中维持，但它并不总是一种适合转移到现场的技术。AnaeroPack(R)_疟疾培养系统(SUGIYAMA-GEN Co.， Ltd, Tokyo)是一种便携式培养系统，可以在密封的瓶子中保持适宜的恶性疟原虫生长条件。据报道，恶性疟原虫的培养适应菌株在使用AnaeroPack(R)•ECampylo等气体发生器的系统中生长良好
{"title":"Cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum isolates under the Anaeropack® gas condition in a portable thermostatic incubator.","authors":"Y. Mizuno, T. Hatabu, S. Kawazu, G. Masuda, H. Ohtomo, Mamoru Suzuki, S. Kano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.383","url":null,"abstract":"gen at a low concentration (WHO, 1977). Now, the gas condition can be adjusted automatically in an ordinary CO2 incubator (Waki et al ., 1984) or a computerized mixed-gas incubator (Takagi and Waki, 1987; Trager, 1990). Although an incubation system can be easily maintained in a relatively sophisticated laboratory, it is not always an appropriate technology to transfer to the field. The AnaeroPack(R)_ Malaria Culture System (SUGIYAMA-GEN Co., Ltd., Tokyo) was devised as a portable cultivation system in which the proper conditions for growing P. falciparum parasites can be maintained in a sealed jar. Culture-adapted strains of P. falciparum have been reported to grow nicely in systems that use such gas generators as the AnaeroPack(R)•ECampylo","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129445450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oncomelania hupensis subspecies serve as intermediate snail hosts for Schistosoma japonicum. It is well known that the Japanese strain of S. japonicum shows different degrees of infectivity to 0. hupensis subspecies (De Witt, 1954; Iwanaga, 1976a, b; Lee and Fan, 1982; Iwanaga et al ., 1984; Lee et al ., 1986). Although the larval development of S. japonicum in 0. hupensis has been described (Harada, 1971; Jourdane and Xia, 1987; Xia and Jourdane, 1991), few detailed observations exist on the relationship between the location of sporocysts and infectivity of snails.
湖北钉螺亚种是日本血吸虫的中间寄主。众所周知，日本血吸虫株系具有不同程度的传染性。猪流感亚种(De Witt, 1954;Iwanaga, 1976a, b;Lee and Fan, 1982;Iwanaga et al .， 1984;Lee et al .， 1986)。日本血吸虫的幼虫发育在1999年发生。曾有关于甲型h1n1流感的报道(Harada, 1971;Jourdane and Xia, 1987;Xia and Jourdane, 1991)，关于孢子囊位置与蜗牛传染性之间关系的详细观察很少。
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAPANESE STRAIN OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM SPOROCYSTS IN ONCOMELANIA HUPENSIS NOSOPHORA AND O.H. CHIUI","authors":"Y. Iwanaga, M. Tsuji, M. Kanno","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.387","url":null,"abstract":"Oncomelania hupensis subspecies serve as intermediate snail hosts for Schistosoma japonicum. It is well known that the Japanese strain of S. japonicum shows different degrees of infectivity to 0. hupensis subspecies (De Witt, 1954; Iwanaga, 1976a, b; Lee and Fan, 1982; Iwanaga et al ., 1984; Lee et al ., 1986). Although the larval development of S. japonicum in 0. hupensis has been described (Harada, 1971; Jourdane and Xia, 1987; Xia and Jourdane, 1991), few detailed observations exist on the relationship between the location of sporocysts and infectivity of snails.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"38 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122707501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hata, F. Aosai, K. Norose, Masashi Kobayashi, H. Mun, Mei Chen, Isao Ito, N. Isegawa, M. Ishikawa, S. Mori, A. Yano
To survey the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites in cats using the sucrose flotation method, fecal samples were collected from stray cats in Chiba Prefecture (outside Chiba City) and Chiba City from December 1998 to December 1999. T gondii oocysts were detected in only one of 326 cats examined (0.3%), while 13.4% of the cat sera (13/97) were serologically positive for anti-T gondii antibodies by the latex agglutination test. However, the antibody titers in these sera were relatively low. The prevalence of protozoa infections in cats was higher in Chiba City area than outside Chiba City. The high prevalence of S. erinaceieuropaei infection in cats was found in the Chiba Prefectural area.
{"title":"Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and other intestinal parasites in cats in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.","authors":"H. Hata, F. Aosai, K. Norose, Masashi Kobayashi, H. Mun, Mei Chen, Isao Ito, N. Isegawa, M. Ishikawa, S. Mori, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.365","url":null,"abstract":"To survey the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and other parasites in cats using the sucrose flotation method, fecal samples were collected from stray cats in Chiba Prefecture (outside Chiba City) and Chiba City from December 1998 to December 1999. T gondii oocysts were detected in only one of 326 cats examined (0.3%), while 13.4% of the cat sera (13/97) were serologically positive for anti-T gondii antibodies by the latex agglutination test. However, the antibody titers in these sera were relatively low. The prevalence of protozoa infections in cats was higher in Chiba City area than outside Chiba City. The high prevalence of S. erinaceieuropaei infection in cats was found in the Chiba Prefectural area.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127781074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This series of papers will present an overview on dengue fever and dengue viruses. i.e., history, symptomatology, pathology, virus isolation, basic properties of viruses, pathogenesis, prevention, epidemiology, etc.The present issue consists of two chapters. The first chapter contains such sections as : historical aspects, relatedness to other arboviruses, nomenclature and classification.The second chapter describes big dengue epidemics which occurred in Japan during 1942-1945. Port cities such as Nagasaki and Kobe were heavily infected. The first onset was among seamen of cargo boats which were connecting those port cities and Southern areas such as Philippine Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, etc. About two hundred thousand typical cases were reported and the whole number of patients including abortive and unrecorded ones were probably much greater. This was the first and only outbreak of dengue fever in Japanese main islands and also one of the grearest dengue epidemics ever recorded in the temperate regions.Chapters describing the other items will follow in later issues of this Journal.
{"title":"Dengue fever and dengue virus: a challenge to tropical medicine.","authors":"S. Hotta","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.369","url":null,"abstract":"This series of papers will present an overview on dengue fever and dengue viruses. i.e., history, symptomatology, pathology, virus isolation, basic properties of viruses, pathogenesis, prevention, epidemiology, etc.The present issue consists of two chapters. The first chapter contains such sections as : historical aspects, relatedness to other arboviruses, nomenclature and classification.The second chapter describes big dengue epidemics which occurred in Japan during 1942-1945. Port cities such as Nagasaki and Kobe were heavily infected. The first onset was among seamen of cargo boats which were connecting those port cities and Southern areas such as Philippine Islands, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, etc. About two hundred thousand typical cases were reported and the whole number of patients including abortive and unrecorded ones were probably much greater. This was the first and only outbreak of dengue fever in Japanese main islands and also one of the grearest dengue epidemics ever recorded in the temperate regions.Chapters describing the other items will follow in later issues of this Journal.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122328429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sibling species A of Anopheles subpictus (fresh water form) has been incriminated and established as a primary vector of malaria for the first time in an area (Tarakeswar, West Bengal) in Indian subcontinent with a natural sporozoite (Plasmodium vivax) rate of 0.32% (2/621). Moderate anthropophilic index (41.0) and high survival rate per gonotrophic cycle (0.58) indicate its efficiency as vector. Coincidence of higher malaria cases and higher density of An. subpictus in the study area is of high relevance. No natural sporozoite infection was detected in other anophelines available like An. vagus, An. annularis and An. barbirostris.
{"title":"ROLE OF ANOPHELES SUBPICTUS AS A PRIMARY VECTOR OF MALARIA IN AN AREA IN INDIA","authors":"S. Chatterjee, G. Chandra","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.177","url":null,"abstract":"Sibling species A of Anopheles subpictus (fresh water form) has been incriminated and established as a primary vector of malaria for the first time in an area (Tarakeswar, West Bengal) in Indian subcontinent with a natural sporozoite (Plasmodium vivax) rate of 0.32% (2/621). Moderate anthropophilic index (41.0) and high survival rate per gonotrophic cycle (0.58) indicate its efficiency as vector. Coincidence of higher malaria cases and higher density of An. subpictus in the study area is of high relevance. No natural sporozoite infection was detected in other anophelines available like An. vagus, An. annularis and An. barbirostris.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114279982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of repeated 4 monthly treatment of single dose of 400 mg albendazole on the prevalence and worm burden of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm was studied in an endemic area. Repeated 4 monthly treatment, had significant effect in reducing the worm burden of Ascaris and not the prevalence. As for hookworm infection repeated 4 monthly treatment had significant impact in reducing both prevalence and worm burden in the community. However, repeated 4 monthly treatments had no significant impact in reducing the prevalence and worm burden of Trichuris infection in the community. Trichuris infection should be considered as a continuing infection rather than reinfection because of poor cure rate of albendazole at the onset of the study. Significant and strong predisposition (p < 0.0001) were detected after single and repeated 4 monthly treatment in Ascaris and Trichuris infection but not in hookworm infection. Stratification of data indicated that significant and strong predisposition was also seen in gender. This study concludes that changes in mean egg count per gram (mean EPG) is a sensitive indicator in measuring effect of treatment in an endemic area, and repeated 4 monthly treatments has successfully reduced the worm burden of Ascaris and hookworm infection. Subjects remained predisposed to Ascaris infection over 2 reinfection periods, and for hookworm infection evidence of predisposition was seen only over 1 reinfection period.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF REPEATED FOUR MONTHLY TREATMENTS ON THE PREVALENCE AND WORM BURDEN OF ASCARIS, TRICHURIS AND HOOKWORM INFECTIONS IN AN ENDEMIC AREA","authors":"N. Moktar, P. Oothuman, Fatmah Mohd Salleh","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.183","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of repeated 4 monthly treatment of single dose of 400 mg albendazole on the prevalence and worm burden of Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm was studied in an endemic area. Repeated 4 monthly treatment, had significant effect in reducing the worm burden of Ascaris and not the prevalence. As for hookworm infection repeated 4 monthly treatment had significant impact in reducing both prevalence and worm burden in the community. However, repeated 4 monthly treatments had no significant impact in reducing the prevalence and worm burden of Trichuris infection in the community. Trichuris infection should be considered as a continuing infection rather than reinfection because of poor cure rate of albendazole at the onset of the study. Significant and strong predisposition (p < 0.0001) were detected after single and repeated 4 monthly treatment in Ascaris and Trichuris infection but not in hookworm infection. Stratification of data indicated that significant and strong predisposition was also seen in gender. This study concludes that changes in mean egg count per gram (mean EPG) is a sensitive indicator in measuring effect of treatment in an endemic area, and repeated 4 monthly treatments has successfully reduced the worm burden of Ascaris and hookworm infection. Subjects remained predisposed to Ascaris infection over 2 reinfection periods, and for hookworm infection evidence of predisposition was seen only over 1 reinfection period.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134303534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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