H. Takaoka, M. Yunus, U. Hadi, S. Sigit, I. Miyagi
Collections of pupae and larvae of black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) were carried out in 1992 and 1994 at 59 sites in four provinces of Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, 22 simuliid species including 12 species newly recorded from Sumatra were identified, bringing the total number of simuliid species recorded from Sumatra to 26. All these species were assigned to the genus Simulium s. 1. and placed into three subgenera, i.e., Gomphostilbia (12 spp.), Nevermannia (3 spp.), and Simulium s. str. (11 spp.). Further groupings were made at the species-group level within each subgenus. The simuliid fauna of Sumatra is Oriental in character, being very closely related to those of Peninsular Malaysia and Java. Infections with mermithids, microsporidians and/or fungi due to Coelomycidium sp. were found in the larvae of 10 of the 22 black-fly species examined.
{"title":"Preliminary report of faunistic surveys on black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Sumatra, Indonesia.","authors":"H. Takaoka, M. Yunus, U. Hadi, S. Sigit, I. Miyagi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.157","url":null,"abstract":"Collections of pupae and larvae of black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) were carried out in 1992 and 1994 at 59 sites in four provinces of Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, 22 simuliid species including 12 species newly recorded from Sumatra were identified, bringing the total number of simuliid species recorded from Sumatra to 26. All these species were assigned to the genus Simulium s. 1. and placed into three subgenera, i.e., Gomphostilbia (12 spp.), Nevermannia (3 spp.), and Simulium s. str. (11 spp.). Further groupings were made at the species-group level within each subgenus. The simuliid fauna of Sumatra is Oriental in character, being very closely related to those of Peninsular Malaysia and Java. Infections with mermithids, microsporidians and/or fungi due to Coelomycidium sp. were found in the larvae of 10 of the 22 black-fly species examined.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115176268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chumpornense sp. nov. is described from reared adults, pupae and mature larvae collected from southern Thailand. This new species is assigned to the varicorne species-group within the subgenus Gomphostilbia by having the adult antennae composed of 2+8 segments in place of usual 2+9 segments. In addition, nine known simuliid species, most of which were described from Peninsular Malaysia, are recorded for the first time from Thailand, bringing the total number of simuliid species in this country to 40.
{"title":"TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SIMULIIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM THAILAND : DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES AND NEW DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS OF NINE KNOWN SPECIES","authors":"C. Kuvangkadilok, H. Takaoka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.167","url":null,"abstract":"Simulium (Gomphostilbia) chumpornense sp. nov. is described from reared adults, pupae and mature larvae collected from southern Thailand. This new species is assigned to the varicorne species-group within the subgenus Gomphostilbia by having the adult antennae composed of 2+8 segments in place of usual 2+9 segments. In addition, nine known simuliid species, most of which were described from Peninsular Malaysia, are recorded for the first time from Thailand, bringing the total number of simuliid species in this country to 40.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130652939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Hata, F. Aosai, H. Mun, Mei Chen, Masashi Kobayashi, A. A. Khairul, H. Kubosawa, A. Yano
It was indicated that tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) defined by the susceptibility/resistance to acid treatment could be quantitatively analyzed by a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction method targeting SAG1 gene, specific for T. gondii. The tachyzoites were destroyed not only by pepsin-HCl but also by HCl or other acid solutions. The acid-induced destructions occurred under the pH conditions lower than pH 1.8. Tachyzoite DNA of T. gondii was easily destructed by acid treatment. These DNA destructions made it possible to differentiate between tachyzoites and bradyzoites by QC-PCR.
{"title":"Identification of Toxoplasma gondii Tachyzoites and Bradyzoites by a Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction Method after the Acid Treatment.","authors":"H. Hata, F. Aosai, H. Mun, Mei Chen, Masashi Kobayashi, A. A. Khairul, H. Kubosawa, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.189","url":null,"abstract":"It was indicated that tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) defined by the susceptibility/resistance to acid treatment could be quantitatively analyzed by a quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction method targeting SAG1 gene, specific for T. gondii. The tachyzoites were destroyed not only by pepsin-HCl but also by HCl or other acid solutions. The acid-induced destructions occurred under the pH conditions lower than pH 1.8. Tachyzoite DNA of T. gondii was easily destructed by acid treatment. These DNA destructions made it possible to differentiate between tachyzoites and bradyzoites by QC-PCR.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126628947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The male and pupa of Simulium gombakense Takaoka and Davies, 1995, hitherto known only from pharate pupal and larval specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia, are described for the first time. This species is characterized by its pupal gill Of much inflated form with six finger-like projections and with eight slender thread-like filaments, similar to those found in some Philippine species of the subgenus Morops, in which this species was previously placed. However, S. gombakense is here transferred to the subgenus Gomphostilbia because many hairs are present on the katepisternum but absent on the pleural membrane in the adult male.
{"title":"TAXONOMIC NOTES ON SIMULIUM GOMBAKENSE (DIPTERA : SIMULIIDAE) FROM PENINSULAR MALAYSIA : DESCRIPTIONS OF MALE AND PUPA, AND SUBGENERIC TRANSFER FROM MOROPS TO GOMPHOSTILBIA","authors":"H. Takaoka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.111","url":null,"abstract":"The male and pupa of Simulium gombakense Takaoka and Davies, 1995, hitherto known only from pharate pupal and larval specimens collected from Peninsular Malaysia, are described for the first time. This species is characterized by its pupal gill Of much inflated form with six finger-like projections and with eight slender thread-like filaments, similar to those found in some Philippine species of the subgenus Morops, in which this species was previously placed. However, S. gombakense is here transferred to the subgenus Gomphostilbia because many hairs are present on the katepisternum but absent on the pleural membrane in the adult male.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130183971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parastrongylus cantonensis, P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis adult worm antigens were tested for cross-reactivities in immunoblots using sera from patients with parasitologically confirmed parastrongyliasis. Sera from P. cantonensis-infected patients with a high specificity for the 31-kDa diagnostic P. cantonensis antigen cross-reacted with a corresponding component found in P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis. The immune sera consistently recognized a prominent immunogenic band with a MW of 31 kDa against the antigens prepared from the 3 Parastrongylus species. Sera obtained from patients infected with Gnathostoma spinigerum and normal healthy control sera did not react with the 31-kDa protein from the 3 species of Parastrongylus. The cross-reactivity observed in the immunoblots performed on serum samples from patients with P. cantonensis infection indicates that the 3 Parastrongylus species share the specific 31-kDa antigen. This protein may be used for the immunodiagnosis of human infection with P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis.
{"title":"Immunoblot analysis of antigens from Parastrongylus cantonensis, P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis using serum antibodies against P. cantonensis.","authors":"P. Eamsobhana, H. Yong, S. Ambu","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.115","url":null,"abstract":"Parastrongylus cantonensis, P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis adult worm antigens were tested for cross-reactivities in immunoblots using sera from patients with parasitologically confirmed parastrongyliasis. Sera from P. cantonensis-infected patients with a high specificity for the 31-kDa diagnostic P. cantonensis antigen cross-reacted with a corresponding component found in P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis. The immune sera consistently recognized a prominent immunogenic band with a MW of 31 kDa against the antigens prepared from the 3 Parastrongylus species. Sera obtained from patients infected with Gnathostoma spinigerum and normal healthy control sera did not react with the 31-kDa protein from the 3 species of Parastrongylus. The cross-reactivity observed in the immunoblots performed on serum samples from patients with P. cantonensis infection indicates that the 3 Parastrongylus species share the specific 31-kDa antigen. This protein may be used for the immunodiagnosis of human infection with P. costaricensis and P. malaysiensis.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131874928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new black-fly species, Simulium saitoi sp. nov., is described from female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This new species is assigned to the feuerborni-group of the subgenus Simulium (Nevermannia), and is distinctive within this species-group by having several unusual characters, such as the orange yellow scutum of both sexes of adults, female mandible serrated on both sides, and larval body without any dorsal colored markings. This is the fourth species of the feuerborni-group in Japan.
{"title":"DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF SIMULIUM (NEVERMANNIA) FROM JAPAN (DIPTERA : SIMULIIDAE)","authors":"H. Takaoka, Katsumi Saito","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.19","url":null,"abstract":"A new black-fly species, Simulium saitoi sp. nov., is described from female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. This new species is assigned to the feuerborni-group of the subgenus Simulium (Nevermannia), and is distinctive within this species-group by having several unusual characters, such as the orange yellow scutum of both sexes of adults, female mandible serrated on both sides, and larval body without any dorsal colored markings. This is the fourth species of the feuerborni-group in Japan.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124698218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By examining 99 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from cholera epidemics in a variety of areas in Laos in 1998, we found two unusual characteristics of the organisms. All except 4 isolates were moderately resistant to tetracycline without having plasmids, and susceptibilities to the other drugs were as expected. Eleven isolates showed the same level of susceptibility to polymyxin B as classical V. cholerae O1. With the exception of 4 tetracycline-susceptible strains, all the isolates were resistant to or poorly sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129 (2, 4-diamino-6, 7-di-iso-propyl pteridine phosphate). All isolates, including those susceptible to polymyxin B, produced El Tor hemolysin which was neutralized by anti-El Tor hemolysin and were resistant to cholera phage IV, indicating that they were of the El Tor biotype.
{"title":"Tetracycline resistant and polymyxin B sensitive Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor isolated from the recent epidemics.","authors":"M. Iwanaga, S. Insisiengmay, N. Higa, L. Sisavath","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.15","url":null,"abstract":"By examining 99 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from cholera epidemics in a variety of areas in Laos in 1998, we found two unusual characteristics of the organisms. All except 4 isolates were moderately resistant to tetracycline without having plasmids, and susceptibilities to the other drugs were as expected. Eleven isolates showed the same level of susceptibility to polymyxin B as classical V. cholerae O1. With the exception of 4 tetracycline-susceptible strains, all the isolates were resistant to or poorly sensitive to the vibriostatic agent O/129 (2, 4-diamino-6, 7-di-iso-propyl pteridine phosphate). All isolates, including those susceptible to polymyxin B, produced El Tor hemolysin which was neutralized by anti-El Tor hemolysin and were resistant to cholera phage IV, indicating that they were of the El Tor biotype.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129254529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The female and pupa of Simulium siripoomense Takaoka and Saito, 1996, hitherto known only from larval specimens collected from Thailand, are described for the first time. Based upon several diagnostic characters found in the female and pupa, this species, previously placed in the subgenus Byssodon, is transferred to the subgenus Simulium s. str., and is further assigned to the malyschevi-group within this subgenus by the characteristic shape of the female genitalia, the pupal gill with six slender filaments per side, and the fenestrate cocoon. This represents the first record of the malyschevi-group in Thailand.
本文首次对1996年siulium siripoomense Takaoka和Saito的雌虫和蛹进行了描述，迄今为止仅从泰国采集的幼虫标本中得知。根据在雌虫和蛹中发现的几个诊断特征，该种以前被置于Byssodon亚属，现在被转移到Simulium s. str.亚属，并根据雌性生殖器的特征形状，每侧有六根细丝的蛹鳃和有孔茧而进一步被分配到该亚属的malyschevi群。这是在泰国首次记录到马舍维族。
{"title":"Taxonomic notes on Simulium siripoomense from Thailand (Diptera: Simuliidae): descriptions of female and pupa, and change of its subgeneric status from Byssodon to Simulium s. str.","authors":"H. Takaoka, M. Mulla","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.25","url":null,"abstract":"The female and pupa of Simulium siripoomense Takaoka and Saito, 1996, hitherto known only from larval specimens collected from Thailand, are described for the first time. Based upon several diagnostic characters found in the female and pupa, this species, previously placed in the subgenus Byssodon, is transferred to the subgenus Simulium s. str., and is further assigned to the malyschevi-group within this subgenus by the characteristic shape of the female genitalia, the pupal gill with six slender filaments per side, and the fenestrate cocoon. This represents the first record of the malyschevi-group in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128977482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prize Winner's lecture","authors":"T. Katsumata","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.37","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"310 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malaria prophylaxis measures of travelers include, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, stand-by treatment (self treatment) which is indicated in areas of low transmission, for short-term travelers and for those with brief, repeated exposure to malaria. The indication of stand-by treatment has now been expanded in some areas, partly due to an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis. However, the inappropriate use of stand-by treatment in non-malaria cases may expose persons to a significant drug risk, thus developing simple and reliable self diagnostic tests especially for Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been expected. Recently marketed kits for detecting P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2) or pLDH could be good candidates for malaria self diagnosis by travelers. Especially a card-type kit detecting HRP-2 is characterized by its simplicity and reliability, often showing a sensitivity of>95% or even sometimes 100%. Although the sensitivity of those tests could not always be 100%, they could be very useful when performed properly, especially in cases travelers develop malaria-like symptoms in areas remote from reliable medical facilities. However, reports of self diagnosis with those kits performed by travelers showed discouraging results. Recent studies highlighted errors of performing these tests correctly and of interpreting previously reacted strips or cards. Travelers should not become a victim of potentially useful malaria diagnostic tests due to their incorrect use. Nonetheless, we still believe that the use of those kits by travelers should not be abandoned, rather they must have potential for application to travelers' malaria. This goal could be accomplished by improving the contents of the kits' instructions and also by giving full oral explanation to travelers at travel clinics.
{"title":"THE USE OF MALARIA DIAGNOSTIC TEST KITS BY TRAVELERS","authors":"M. Kimura, H. Ohtomo, M. Kumagai, Y. Hiroshige","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.1","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria prophylaxis measures of travelers include, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, stand-by treatment (self treatment) which is indicated in areas of low transmission, for short-term travelers and for those with brief, repeated exposure to malaria. The indication of stand-by treatment has now been expanded in some areas, partly due to an increasing concern about the possible adverse effects of malaria chemoprophylaxis. However, the inappropriate use of stand-by treatment in non-malaria cases may expose persons to a significant drug risk, thus developing simple and reliable self diagnostic tests especially for Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been expected. Recently marketed kits for detecting P. falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP-2) or pLDH could be good candidates for malaria self diagnosis by travelers. Especially a card-type kit detecting HRP-2 is characterized by its simplicity and reliability, often showing a sensitivity of>95% or even sometimes 100%. Although the sensitivity of those tests could not always be 100%, they could be very useful when performed properly, especially in cases travelers develop malaria-like symptoms in areas remote from reliable medical facilities. However, reports of self diagnosis with those kits performed by travelers showed discouraging results. Recent studies highlighted errors of performing these tests correctly and of interpreting previously reacted strips or cards. Travelers should not become a victim of potentially useful malaria diagnostic tests due to their incorrect use. Nonetheless, we still believe that the use of those kits by travelers should not be abandoned, rather they must have potential for application to travelers' malaria. This goal could be accomplished by improving the contents of the kits' instructions and also by giving full oral explanation to travelers at travel clinics.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124037034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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