K. Oishi, S. Inoue, T. Kuramoto, S. Onizuka, M. Saito, F. Hasebe, K. Morita, T. Nagatake
The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in dengue virus infection remains unknown. We report herein an imported case of a 21-year-old male Japanese with dengue fever caused by secondary dengue 2 virus infection. The thrombocytopenia detected around the day of defervescence was associated with an increased level of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). The eluate from the platelets during the acute phase of this case contained an increased activity of anti-dengue virus 2 IgG, while the eluate from platelets during the convalescent phase contained a low level of anti-dengue 2 IgG. These findings suggest the transient formation of PAIgG involving anti-dengue 2 virus IgG during the acute phase of secondary dengue 2 virus infection.
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF DENGUE VIRUS TYPE-SPECIFIC IGG ON PLATELETS IS SPECIFIC FOR THE ACUTE PHASE IN AN IMPORTED JAPANESE PATIENT WITH SECONDARY DENGUE 2 VIRUS INFECTION","authors":"K. Oishi, S. Inoue, T. Kuramoto, S. Onizuka, M. Saito, F. Hasebe, K. Morita, T. Nagatake","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.223","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanism of thrombocytopenia in dengue virus infection remains unknown. We report herein an imported case of a 21-year-old male Japanese with dengue fever caused by secondary dengue 2 virus infection. The thrombocytopenia detected around the day of defervescence was associated with an increased level of platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG). The eluate from the platelets during the acute phase of this case contained an increased activity of anti-dengue virus 2 IgG, while the eluate from platelets during the convalescent phase contained a low level of anti-dengue 2 IgG. These findings suggest the transient formation of PAIgG involving anti-dengue 2 virus IgG during the acute phase of secondary dengue 2 virus infection.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128001256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Kimura, M. Anantaphruti, D. Limrat, S. Thammapalo, M. Itoh, P. Singhasivanon, J. Waikagul
With the purposes of studying the recent prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Thai-Myanmar border areas, and evaluating the usefulness of a new ELISA, which uses urine as samples (urine ELISA), 519 people in Sangkhla Buri and 84 people in Suan Phung were examined by ICT card test for filarial antigen and by urine ELISA for filaria-specific IgG4. In the former area, positive rates by ICT test and the ELISA were 16.8% and 21.2%, respectively; in the latter area, the respective rates were 10.7% and 7.1%. These figures were unexpected, because the urine ELISA used to give much higher prevalence than antigenemia tests in our previous studies. In addition, only 37 of 96 ICT positives (38.5%) were urine ELISA positive. Our previous studies showed that the sensitivity of urine ELISA among the microfilaria and/or antigen positive individuals was more than 90%. Diethylcarbamazine treatment given to the known ICT positives at 300 mg/day for 12 days reduced antigenemia rate from 100% to 32.8%, which was determined 2 months after treatment by Og4C3 ELISA. The reduction of 67.2% seemed to be unusually high. These conflicting results could be explained by possible false positive reactions produced by ICT test.
{"title":"UNEXPECTEDLY HIGH PREVALENCE OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI INFECTION OBTAINED BY ICT CARD TESTS IN COMPARISON WITH THAT DETERMINED BY IgG4 ELISA USING URINE SAMPLES : A POSSIBILITY OF FALSE POSITIVE REACTIONS WITH ICT CARD TESTS IN A STUDY IN THAILAND","authors":"E. Kimura, M. Anantaphruti, D. Limrat, S. Thammapalo, M. Itoh, P. Singhasivanon, J. Waikagul","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.217","url":null,"abstract":"With the purposes of studying the recent prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Thai-Myanmar border areas, and evaluating the usefulness of a new ELISA, which uses urine as samples (urine ELISA), 519 people in Sangkhla Buri and 84 people in Suan Phung were examined by ICT card test for filarial antigen and by urine ELISA for filaria-specific IgG4. In the former area, positive rates by ICT test and the ELISA were 16.8% and 21.2%, respectively; in the latter area, the respective rates were 10.7% and 7.1%. These figures were unexpected, because the urine ELISA used to give much higher prevalence than antigenemia tests in our previous studies. In addition, only 37 of 96 ICT positives (38.5%) were urine ELISA positive. Our previous studies showed that the sensitivity of urine ELISA among the microfilaria and/or antigen positive individuals was more than 90%. Diethylcarbamazine treatment given to the known ICT positives at 300 mg/day for 12 days reduced antigenemia rate from 100% to 32.8%, which was determined 2 months after treatment by Og4C3 ELISA. The reduction of 67.2% seemed to be unusually high. These conflicting results could be explained by possible false positive reactions produced by ICT test.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134385750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"熱帯地域における Prospective Community Study (PCS)","authors":"門司 和彦, 金田 英子, 安高 雄治, 嶋田 雅暁","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"416 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122823728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Phantouamath, N. Sithivong, Traykhoune Phouthavanh, Khampheng Chomlasak, L. Sisavath, K. Munnalath, Khambai Noilath, Sommay Phongsavanh, S. Insisiengmay, M. Iwanaga
Drug susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the past 3 years in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) was examined. The organisms were collected from the patients visiting Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR. A total of 131 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae (45 in 2000. 27 in 2001, and 59 in 2002) were collected, and the drug susceptibilities of the isolates were examined by disc method using 5 anti-microbial agents (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, penicillin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline). The susceptibility was expressed as sensitive (S), intermediate (M) and resistant (R) depending on the Zone Diameter Interpretive Chart attached to the disc preparation. As the results, almost all isolates were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, but sensitive to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. Most of the penicillin resistant isolates were regarded as penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) depending on the effect of clavulanic acid. N. gonorrhoeae is getting resistant to ciprofloxacin in the 3-year examination period. About 10% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin in 2000, but the rate of resistant strains went up to 70% in 2002. There were very few isolates showing intermediate susceptibility.
{"title":"DRUG SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE IN LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC","authors":"B. Phantouamath, N. Sithivong, Traykhoune Phouthavanh, Khampheng Chomlasak, L. Sisavath, K. Munnalath, Khambai Noilath, Sommay Phongsavanh, S. Insisiengmay, M. Iwanaga","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.117","url":null,"abstract":"Drug susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the past 3 years in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) was examined. The organisms were collected from the patients visiting Center for Laboratory and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR. A total of 131 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae (45 in 2000. 27 in 2001, and 59 in 2002) were collected, and the drug susceptibilities of the isolates were examined by disc method using 5 anti-microbial agents (ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, penicillin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline). The susceptibility was expressed as sensitive (S), intermediate (M) and resistant (R) depending on the Zone Diameter Interpretive Chart attached to the disc preparation. As the results, almost all isolates were resistant to penicillin and tetracycline, but sensitive to ceftriaxone and spectinomycin. Most of the penicillin resistant isolates were regarded as penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) depending on the effect of clavulanic acid. N. gonorrhoeae is getting resistant to ciprofloxacin in the 3-year examination period. About 10% of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin in 2000, but the rate of resistant strains went up to 70% in 2002. There were very few isolates showing intermediate susceptibility.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132123667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Belal, K. Norose, H. Mun, Mei Chen, R. Mohamed, A. Ahmed, L. Piao, F. Aosai, A. Yano
The Toxoplasma gondii number was evaluated by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay with or without sulfamethoxazole treatment in the heart, blood, brain, and small intestine of IFN-γ knockout (GKO) BALB/c (B/c) mice after peroral infection with the cyst-forming Fukaya strain. T. gondii infection was observed in the heart, blood, and brain, but not in the small intestine, of mice treated with sulfamethoxazole for 4 weeks. No correlation between T. gondii loads and sulfamethoxazole concentrations in tissues and blood was observed. T gondii was not detected in the heart and blood after continuous sulfamethoxazole treatment for two months, but a small number of parasites was demonstrated in the brain. Thus, we successfully established an animal model for evaluating chemotherapy regimens in immunocompromised hosts by using GKO B/c mice infected with T. gondii.
{"title":"AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR ESTABLISHING CHEMOTHERAPY AGAINST INTRACTABLE TOXOPLASMOSIS IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS BY THE USE OF IFN-γ KNOCKOUT MICE","authors":"U. Belal, K. Norose, H. Mun, Mei Chen, R. Mohamed, A. Ahmed, L. Piao, F. Aosai, A. Yano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.83","url":null,"abstract":"The Toxoplasma gondii number was evaluated by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay with or without sulfamethoxazole treatment in the heart, blood, brain, and small intestine of IFN-γ knockout (GKO) BALB/c (B/c) mice after peroral infection with the cyst-forming Fukaya strain. T. gondii infection was observed in the heart, blood, and brain, but not in the small intestine, of mice treated with sulfamethoxazole for 4 weeks. No correlation between T. gondii loads and sulfamethoxazole concentrations in tissues and blood was observed. T gondii was not detected in the heart and blood after continuous sulfamethoxazole treatment for two months, but a small number of parasites was demonstrated in the brain. Thus, we successfully established an animal model for evaluating chemotherapy regimens in immunocompromised hosts by using GKO B/c mice infected with T. gondii.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Fukuda, W. Choochote, O. Bain, C. Aoki, H. Takaoka
To find out the natural infection with filarial larvae, female adult black flies were collected on a human attractant in December, 2001 at Tambol Ban Laung (altitude 750 m), Doi Inthanon National Park, in northern Thailand. The total number of females collected was 823 : of which 557 (67.7%) were identified as Simulium asakoae Takaoka et Davies, 144 (17.5%) as S. nigrogilvum Summers, 97 (11.8%) as S. nakhonense Takaoka et Suzuki and 25 (3%) as other six simuliid species. By dissections, eight third-and one second-stage larvae of unidentified filarial species were found in one of 138 S. nigrogilvum and one of 484 S. asakoae, respectively. Non-filarial nematodes were found in 1.03% (5/484) of S. asakoae. This is the first report of natural infections of two black-fly species, S. nigrogilvum and S. asakoae, with a filarial larva.
2001年12月，在泰国北部因他侬Doi Inthanon国家公园的Tambol Ban lang(海拔750米)用诱蚊剂采集了雌性成年黑蝇，以查明丝虫幼虫的自然感染情况。共采集雌虫823只，其中鉴定为asakoae Simulium Takaoka et Davies 557只(67.7%)，S. nigrogilvum Summers 144只(17.5%)，S. nakhonense Takaoka et Suzuki 97只(11.8%)，其他6种类似种25只(3%)。经解剖，138只黑丝虫虫1只、484只麻丝虫虫1只，3期幼虫8只，2期幼虫1只。非丝状线虫占1.03%(5/484)。这是首次报告两种黑蝇(黑蝇和asakoae)自然感染丝虫幼虫。
{"title":"NATURAL INFECTIONS WITH FILARIAL LARVAE IN TWO SPECIES OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA : SIMULIIDAE) IN NORTHERN THAILAND","authors":"M. Fukuda, W. Choochote, O. Bain, C. Aoki, H. Takaoka","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.99","url":null,"abstract":"To find out the natural infection with filarial larvae, female adult black flies were collected on a human attractant in December, 2001 at Tambol Ban Laung (altitude 750 m), Doi Inthanon National Park, in northern Thailand. The total number of females collected was 823 : of which 557 (67.7%) were identified as Simulium asakoae Takaoka et Davies, 144 (17.5%) as S. nigrogilvum Summers, 97 (11.8%) as S. nakhonense Takaoka et Suzuki and 25 (3%) as other six simuliid species. By dissections, eight third-and one second-stage larvae of unidentified filarial species were found in one of 138 S. nigrogilvum and one of 484 S. asakoae, respectively. Non-filarial nematodes were found in 1.03% (5/484) of S. asakoae. This is the first report of natural infections of two black-fly species, S. nigrogilvum and S. asakoae, with a filarial larva.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125824551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Uga, T. Oda, K. Kimura, D. Kimura, Koesdarto Setiawan, M. Sri, Kunaruk Nuvit, N. Apakupakul
The contamination of tap water by microorganisms was surveyed at Surabaya and Jakarta, Indonesia, and at Hat Yai, Thailand. Water samples were directly collected from house faucets and filtered through membranes. The membranes were examined for protozoan parasites by immunomagnetic separation. Coliform and Escherichia coli were examined at each sample collection site using commercially available kits. A total of 115 water samples were examined and 37 (32%) were positive for any of four microorganisms which were two species of protozoa (Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum) and two kinds of bacteria (coliform and Escherichia coli). G. intestinalis and C. parvum were found in 9% and 1% of total samples, respectively. Of those detected, coliform was the most common and was found in all three areas with a mean detection rate of 30% (15-52%). The water samples that were positive for any of the four types of microorganisms showed a tendency to have lower residual chlorine concentrations and higher turbidities compared with negative samples. It is important to supply safe water in order to maintain people's health because most of the people surveyed (4-88%) ordinarily drank tap water without treating it. Continued efforts are needed to maintain and improve drinking water quality. (193 words)
{"title":"DETECTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN TAP WATER IN INDONESIA AND THAILAND.","authors":"S. Uga, T. Oda, K. Kimura, D. Kimura, Koesdarto Setiawan, M. Sri, Kunaruk Nuvit, N. Apakupakul","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.87","url":null,"abstract":"The contamination of tap water by microorganisms was surveyed at Surabaya and Jakarta, Indonesia, and at Hat Yai, Thailand. Water samples were directly collected from house faucets and filtered through membranes. The membranes were examined for protozoan parasites by immunomagnetic separation. Coliform and Escherichia coli were examined at each sample collection site using commercially available kits. A total of 115 water samples were examined and 37 (32%) were positive for any of four microorganisms which were two species of protozoa (Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium parvum) and two kinds of bacteria (coliform and Escherichia coli). G. intestinalis and C. parvum were found in 9% and 1% of total samples, respectively. Of those detected, coliform was the most common and was found in all three areas with a mean detection rate of 30% (15-52%). The water samples that were positive for any of the four types of microorganisms showed a tendency to have lower residual chlorine concentrations and higher turbidities compared with negative samples. It is important to supply safe water in order to maintain people's health because most of the people surveyed (4-88%) ordinarily drank tap water without treating it. Continued efforts are needed to maintain and improve drinking water quality. (193 words)","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124510612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Iwai, H. Matsuoka, F. Kawamoto, M. Arai, S. Yoshida, M. Hirai, A. Ishii
The single-step screening method (SSS) is a qualitative rapid screening test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency based on blue formazan formation on anion-exchanger.The reaction mixture contains equal volumes of anion exchanger, substrate mixture, coloring mixture (MTT-PMS mix) and distilled water. We assessed the stability of the reaction mixture and evaluated its reliability with two anion exchangers, DEAE-Sephadex A50™ and DEAE-Sephacel™, for applications in tests under field conditions. The reaction mixture was sufficiently stable under conditions of incubation at 70°C for 6 hours or vigorous shaking for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture could be kept at 30-35°C for 14 days under indoor conditions without shielding if it contained no MTT-PMS mix. The coloring was detectable even in diluted blood with hemoglobin concentration as low as 1.6 g/dl. Under laboratory conditions, the proportion of the samples with 10% of the normal level of activity that were diagnosed as 'low activity' was higher with DEAE-Sephacel (92%) than with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 (81%) (p=0.023). The proportion of the samples with normal activity that were diagnosed as 'normal' was 98% with DEAE-Sephacel and 100% with DEAE-Sephadex A-50. In field samples obtained in Myanmar and Indonesia, the sensitivity was lower (P=0.03 using DEAE-Sephadex and p< 0.001using DEAE-Sephacel) when we used the blue formazan spot test (BFST) as the standard. Twenty-three of 27 G6PD-deficient individuals subjected to genetic analysis were found to have mutations. All individuals who had concordant results between the SSS and the blue formazan spot test (BFST) carried molecular mutations. One case of G6PD mutation was detected among four cases diagnosed as G6PD-deficient by SSS with DEAE-Sephacel™, but diagnosed as 'normal' by BFST. The costs of one test with the DEAE-Sephadex A-50™ and the DEAE-Sephacel™ system were 0.15 US dollar and 0.30 US dollar, respectively. (297 words)
{"title":"A RAPID SINGLE-STEP SCREENING METHOD FOR GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY IN FIELD APPLICATIONS","authors":"K. Iwai, H. Matsuoka, F. Kawamoto, M. Arai, S. Yoshida, M. Hirai, A. Ishii","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.93","url":null,"abstract":"The single-step screening method (SSS) is a qualitative rapid screening test for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency based on blue formazan formation on anion-exchanger.The reaction mixture contains equal volumes of anion exchanger, substrate mixture, coloring mixture (MTT-PMS mix) and distilled water. We assessed the stability of the reaction mixture and evaluated its reliability with two anion exchangers, DEAE-Sephadex A50™ and DEAE-Sephacel™, for applications in tests under field conditions. The reaction mixture was sufficiently stable under conditions of incubation at 70°C for 6 hours or vigorous shaking for 24 hours at room temperature. The reaction mixture could be kept at 30-35°C for 14 days under indoor conditions without shielding if it contained no MTT-PMS mix. The coloring was detectable even in diluted blood with hemoglobin concentration as low as 1.6 g/dl. Under laboratory conditions, the proportion of the samples with 10% of the normal level of activity that were diagnosed as 'low activity' was higher with DEAE-Sephacel (92%) than with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 (81%) (p=0.023). The proportion of the samples with normal activity that were diagnosed as 'normal' was 98% with DEAE-Sephacel and 100% with DEAE-Sephadex A-50. In field samples obtained in Myanmar and Indonesia, the sensitivity was lower (P=0.03 using DEAE-Sephadex and p< 0.001using DEAE-Sephacel) when we used the blue formazan spot test (BFST) as the standard. Twenty-three of 27 G6PD-deficient individuals subjected to genetic analysis were found to have mutations. All individuals who had concordant results between the SSS and the blue formazan spot test (BFST) carried molecular mutations. One case of G6PD mutation was detected among four cases diagnosed as G6PD-deficient by SSS with DEAE-Sephacel™, but diagnosed as 'normal' by BFST. The costs of one test with the DEAE-Sephadex A-50™ and the DEAE-Sephacel™ system were 0.15 US dollar and 0.30 US dollar, respectively. (297 words)","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131263457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Okamoto, C. Lo, W. Tiu, D. Qui, P. Hadidjaja, S. Upatham, H. Sugiyama, T. Taguchi, H. Hirai, Y. Saito, S. Habe, M. Kawanaka, M. Hirata, T. Agatsuma
The Schistosoma japonicum group and S. sinensium utilize intermediate snail hosts belonging to the genera Oncomelania and Tricula (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae). In the present study, partial sequences of the mitochon- drial 12S rRNA gene from 7 subspecies of O. hupensis, two species of Tricula (T. bollingi and T. humida )a ndO. minima were examined to infer a phylogeny for these. Nucleotide differences among subspecies of O. hupensis were less than 6.5% and among species from different genera, 10-12%. The phylogenetic tree obtained in this study indicates that O. hupensis subspecies fell into four distinct clades ; that is, O. h. quadrasi from the Philip- pines, O. h. lindoensis from Indonesia, O. h. hupensis from Yunnan, China and the remaining 5 subspecies (O. h. hupensis from other parts of China, O. h. robertsoni from China, O. h. formosana from Taiwan, O. h. chiui from Taiwan and O. h. nosophora from Japan). The phylogenetic tree also showed that O. minima was placed as sister to all of the subspecies of O. hupensis. Possible evolutionary relationships among the snail hosts were discussed.
{"title":"Phylogenetic relationships of snails of the genera Oncomelania and Tricula inferred from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene","authors":"M. Okamoto, C. Lo, W. Tiu, D. Qui, P. Hadidjaja, S. Upatham, H. Sugiyama, T. Taguchi, H. Hirai, Y. Saito, S. Habe, M. Kawanaka, M. Hirata, T. Agatsuma","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.5","url":null,"abstract":"The Schistosoma japonicum group and S. sinensium utilize intermediate snail hosts belonging to the genera Oncomelania and Tricula (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae). In the present study, partial sequences of the mitochon- drial 12S rRNA gene from 7 subspecies of O. hupensis, two species of Tricula (T. bollingi and T. humida )a ndO. minima were examined to infer a phylogeny for these. Nucleotide differences among subspecies of O. hupensis were less than 6.5% and among species from different genera, 10-12%. The phylogenetic tree obtained in this study indicates that O. hupensis subspecies fell into four distinct clades ; that is, O. h. quadrasi from the Philip- pines, O. h. lindoensis from Indonesia, O. h. hupensis from Yunnan, China and the remaining 5 subspecies (O. h. hupensis from other parts of China, O. h. robertsoni from China, O. h. formosana from Taiwan, O. h. chiui from Taiwan and O. h. nosophora from Japan). The phylogenetic tree also showed that O. minima was placed as sister to all of the subspecies of O. hupensis. Possible evolutionary relationships among the snail hosts were discussed.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133858649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE MALARIA VECTOR IN THE AREA SURROUNDED BY RICE FIELD IN KHAMMAOUNE PROVINCE. LAO PDR WITH THE DISCUSSION OF THE FUTURE ITM STRATEGY IN LAOS AND ALSO MEKONG AREA","authors":"J. Kobayashi","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.31.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.31.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126503052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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