J. Kobayashi, Yoshiya Sato, H. Toma, I. Shimabukuro, T. Tasaki, M. Takara, Y. Shiroma
The epidemiological features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Okinawa, Japan, were studied by comparing with those in Thailand, Laos and Brazil. The prevalence rates of Strongyloides infection in the present study were 9.6% (133/1, 380) in Okinawa, 47.6% (99/208) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 23.8% (106/445) in Khammouane, Laos, and 12.0% (32/267) in Maceio, Brazil, respectively. The age inclination in aged subjects and sex dominance in males were significant features of Strongyloides infection in Okinawa, suggesting that new infection from the environment does not occur in present-day Okinawa. The epidemiological feature was considered to provide a favorable field to investigate therapeutic efficacy unaffected by reinfection from environment after treatment. Absence of helminth infection other than Strongyloides was an additional feature in Okinawa. The features may also be convenient to study host response and pathogenicity in the Strongyloides infection unaffected by concurrent infection with other helminths.
{"title":"Epidemiological features of strongyloides infection in Okinawa, Japan: Comparative study with other endemic areas.","authors":"J. Kobayashi, Yoshiya Sato, H. Toma, I. Shimabukuro, T. Tasaki, M. Takara, Y. Shiroma","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.9","url":null,"abstract":"The epidemiological features of Strongyloides stercoralis infection in Okinawa, Japan, were studied by comparing with those in Thailand, Laos and Brazil. The prevalence rates of Strongyloides infection in the present study were 9.6% (133/1, 380) in Okinawa, 47.6% (99/208) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 23.8% (106/445) in Khammouane, Laos, and 12.0% (32/267) in Maceio, Brazil, respectively. The age inclination in aged subjects and sex dominance in males were significant features of Strongyloides infection in Okinawa, suggesting that new infection from the environment does not occur in present-day Okinawa. The epidemiological feature was considered to provide a favorable field to investigate therapeutic efficacy unaffected by reinfection from environment after treatment. Absence of helminth infection other than Strongyloides was an additional feature in Okinawa. The features may also be convenient to study host response and pathogenicity in the Strongyloides infection unaffected by concurrent infection with other helminths.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shimao, I. Tada, T. Kurata, Yasuhide Nakamura, Hiroshi Takahashi, Taro Yamamoto, Y. Takayama, Mari Mugitani, Takebumi Furuhata, N. Ishikawa, Naoki Furuta
{"title":"SIMPOSIUM IV “CROSS-FIRE : TROPICAL MEDICINE VS. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH”","authors":"T. Shimao, I. Tada, T. Kurata, Yasuhide Nakamura, Hiroshi Takahashi, Taro Yamamoto, Y. Takayama, Mari Mugitani, Takebumi Furuhata, N. Ishikawa, Naoki Furuta","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.28.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.28.46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129502288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Kobayashi, Kunihiko Chinen, Sim Samidt, K. Higa, M. Chinen, Yoshiya Sato, C. Yoshida
Intestinal parasitic infection is a serious public health problem among the inhabitants in developing countries located in tropical areas. Control activities of parasitic diseases are not only an important health improvement problem in a given area but also an entry point for effective public health care activities because of its serious prevalence among inhabitants and its nature as an environment-derived disease (Fereydoun, 1984) . Also, intestinal helminthiasis can be easily diagnosed with fecal samples and are treatable by oral administration of anthelmintics; it can be performed intensively as an ordinary public health care activity. Additionally, intestinal parasitic infection occurs closely relating to the environmental sanitary condition; parasite control program may relate directly to the education for improvement of sanitary condition. Exact survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection may also be important to know health status of the inhabitants in a given area. Due to the civil war for a long period in Cambodia, the information on the recent prevalence of intestinal parasites is extremely few. In the country, Cambodia-Okinawa Friendship Association (COFA) , founded in 1992 as a non-government organization (NGO) in Okinawa, has established a clinic in a village, Toul Roka Village, to contribute to health care of the villagers and started a parasite control program since 1998. The present study was undertaken to obtain basic information on the recent prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the inhabitants in the village. Although the village is located in suburban area of Phnom Penh Municipality, the general socio-economic and sanitary conditions were consistently poor in the village. A total of 457 villagers live in 61 households in the village. The survey was conducted by stool examination in December, 1998. For stool examination, the authors visited all households to explain the purpose of the survey and delivered stool containers to all families. After delivering the containers, stool samples were collected and examined both by Kato-Katz thick smear method (Kato and Miura, 1954) and formalin-ether concentration method (Ritchie, 1948) . Their life habits were also surveyed by the interview to the representative adults of each family. In the present preliminary study, stool samples from 113 villagers, accounting for 24.7% of the population subjected, were collected randomly for examination. Table 1 represents the results of the stool examinations. A total of 7 helminth and 9 protozoan species were diagnosed in 80.5% of the villagers examined. Sixtyseven samples (59.3%) were found harboring one or more helminth infections. Among the helminth species, Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest parasite, showing 48.7% of prevalence rate. Hookworm infection was also demonstrated in 15.9% of the villagers. On the other hand, Trichuris trichiura infection was rare among the villagers, although their infection mode is al
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTION IN TOUL ROKA VILLAGE, PHNOM PENH MUNICIPALITY CAMBODIA","authors":"J. Kobayashi, Kunihiko Chinen, Sim Samidt, K. Higa, M. Chinen, Yoshiya Sato, C. Yoshida","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.517","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal parasitic infection is a serious public health problem among the inhabitants in developing countries located in tropical areas. Control activities of parasitic diseases are not only an important health improvement problem in a given area but also an entry point for effective public health care activities because of its serious prevalence among inhabitants and its nature as an environment-derived disease (Fereydoun, 1984) . Also, intestinal helminthiasis can be easily diagnosed with fecal samples and are treatable by oral administration of anthelmintics; it can be performed intensively as an ordinary public health care activity. Additionally, intestinal parasitic infection occurs closely relating to the environmental sanitary condition; parasite control program may relate directly to the education for improvement of sanitary condition. Exact survey on the prevalence of intestinal parasite infection may also be important to know health status of the inhabitants in a given area. Due to the civil war for a long period in Cambodia, the information on the recent prevalence of intestinal parasites is extremely few. In the country, Cambodia-Okinawa Friendship Association (COFA) , founded in 1992 as a non-government organization (NGO) in Okinawa, has established a clinic in a village, Toul Roka Village, to contribute to health care of the villagers and started a parasite control program since 1998. The present study was undertaken to obtain basic information on the recent prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among the inhabitants in the village. Although the village is located in suburban area of Phnom Penh Municipality, the general socio-economic and sanitary conditions were consistently poor in the village. A total of 457 villagers live in 61 households in the village. The survey was conducted by stool examination in December, 1998. For stool examination, the authors visited all households to explain the purpose of the survey and delivered stool containers to all families. After delivering the containers, stool samples were collected and examined both by Kato-Katz thick smear method (Kato and Miura, 1954) and formalin-ether concentration method (Ritchie, 1948) . Their life habits were also surveyed by the interview to the representative adults of each family. In the present preliminary study, stool samples from 113 villagers, accounting for 24.7% of the population subjected, were collected randomly for examination. Table 1 represents the results of the stool examinations. A total of 7 helminth and 9 protozoan species were diagnosed in 80.5% of the villagers examined. Sixtyseven samples (59.3%) were found harboring one or more helminth infections. Among the helminth species, Ascaris lumbricoides was the commonest parasite, showing 48.7% of prevalence rate. Hookworm infection was also demonstrated in 15.9% of the villagers. On the other hand, Trichuris trichiura infection was rare among the villagers, although their infection mode is al","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123619649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethanolic extract of the flowering meristems of worm wood, Artemisia nilagirica was allowed to evaporate. The residue, thus obtained, was administered orally on 4 pariah dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis at 10 mg/kg/day for 15 days and then at 20 mg/kg/day for the next 15 days. Two homoeopathic potencies of the A. nilagirica extract, called Cina 200 and Cina 1000, were obtained commercially and administered orally at 0.1 ml/dog/day for 30 days on two separate batches, each consisting of 4 dogs. Blood was sampled from the dogs before treatment and on day 15, 30, 45 and 75 following the treatment. A. nilagirica extract (Cinaθ) was diluted with 90%ethanol1 : 100 and shaken by 10 manual strokes to prepare the 1st potency, called Cina 1. All subsequent potencies were prepared by mixing 1 part of the preceding potency with 99 parts of 90% ethanol and giving the mixture 10 manual strokes. Cinaθ, Cina 200 and Cina 1000 reduced microfilarial densities in treated dogs by 78.38, 63.06 and 71.40%, respectively on day 30. There were 57.13, 42.44 and 64.20% reduction on day 75. No apparent toxic effect was observed in the treated dogs. Electronic spectra of Cinaθ, Cina 200 and Cina 1000 showed comparable absorbance with the latter two giving a blue shift. Cinaθin CCl4 showed a red shift suggesting molecular complexation and charge transfer (CT) interaction between aqueous ethanol and compounds of A. nilagirica. CT was further evidenced by the NMR spectra of the deuterium nuclei of Cinaθin 90% ethanol. NMR spectra of Cinaθ, Cina 200, Cina 1000 and 90% ethanol indicated a change in the solution structure of Cina 200 and Cina1000. This altered solution structure is thought to be responsible for inducing immune reaction of the hosts against the parasite.
{"title":"ANTIFILARIAL EFFECT OF ARTEMISIA NILAGIRICA EXTRACT AND ITS ULTRA HIGH DILUTIONS AGAINST CANINE DIROFILARIASIS","authors":"N. Sukul, P. Sarkar, A. Sukul, S. Sinhababu","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.477","url":null,"abstract":"An ethanolic extract of the flowering meristems of worm wood, Artemisia nilagirica was allowed to evaporate. The residue, thus obtained, was administered orally on 4 pariah dogs naturally infected with Dirofilaria immitis at 10 mg/kg/day for 15 days and then at 20 mg/kg/day for the next 15 days. Two homoeopathic potencies of the A. nilagirica extract, called Cina 200 and Cina 1000, were obtained commercially and administered orally at 0.1 ml/dog/day for 30 days on two separate batches, each consisting of 4 dogs. Blood was sampled from the dogs before treatment and on day 15, 30, 45 and 75 following the treatment. A. nilagirica extract (Cinaθ) was diluted with 90%ethanol1 : 100 and shaken by 10 manual strokes to prepare the 1st potency, called Cina 1. All subsequent potencies were prepared by mixing 1 part of the preceding potency with 99 parts of 90% ethanol and giving the mixture 10 manual strokes. Cinaθ, Cina 200 and Cina 1000 reduced microfilarial densities in treated dogs by 78.38, 63.06 and 71.40%, respectively on day 30. There were 57.13, 42.44 and 64.20% reduction on day 75. No apparent toxic effect was observed in the treated dogs. Electronic spectra of Cinaθ, Cina 200 and Cina 1000 showed comparable absorbance with the latter two giving a blue shift. Cinaθin CCl4 showed a red shift suggesting molecular complexation and charge transfer (CT) interaction between aqueous ethanol and compounds of A. nilagirica. CT was further evidenced by the NMR spectra of the deuterium nuclei of Cinaθin 90% ethanol. NMR spectra of Cinaθ, Cina 200, Cina 1000 and 90% ethanol indicated a change in the solution structure of Cina 200 and Cina1000. This altered solution structure is thought to be responsible for inducing immune reaction of the hosts against the parasite.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130891947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Tongol-Rivera, M. Prudencio, J. Sarol, Felipe Balingit, Elena A. Villacorte, Aldrin Darilag, Mamoru Suzuki, S. Kano
This study describes the socio-demographic profile of cerebral malaria (CM) patients and identifies the clinical and laboratory factors which correlate with mortality from this condition. Records of 97 CM cases admitted at the Davao Regional Hospital, Philippines from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed. Information on socio-demographic factors, clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination and laboratory findings and medicines given during hospitalization were obtained. Associations of these variables with mortality were examined by generating two-way tables for qualitative variables and computing descriptive statistics for quantitative variables. Results showed that CM was more common among males and young adults who comprise the economically productive age group (21-40 years) and who are engaged in slash and burn agriculture. Using bivariate analysis, factors that correlated with mortality included age, residence, back/abdominal pain, fever, coma, dyspnea, diastolic blood pressure (BP), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, trophozoite count and quinine infusion. Logistic regression analysis showed that only back/abdominal pain, coma, dyspnea, diastolic BP and trophozoite count remained statistically significant after simultaneously controlling for confounding. These results can contribute to the proper assessment and improvement in the clinical management of CM.
{"title":"CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CORRELATES OF THE OUTCOME OF CEREBRAL MALARIA IN THE PHILIPPINES","authors":"P. Tongol-Rivera, M. Prudencio, J. Sarol, Felipe Balingit, Elena A. Villacorte, Aldrin Darilag, Mamoru Suzuki, S. Kano","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.487","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes the socio-demographic profile of cerebral malaria (CM) patients and identifies the clinical and laboratory factors which correlate with mortality from this condition. Records of 97 CM cases admitted at the Davao Regional Hospital, Philippines from 1990 to 1995 were reviewed. Information on socio-demographic factors, clinical signs and symptoms, physical examination and laboratory findings and medicines given during hospitalization were obtained. Associations of these variables with mortality were examined by generating two-way tables for qualitative variables and computing descriptive statistics for quantitative variables. Results showed that CM was more common among males and young adults who comprise the economically productive age group (21-40 years) and who are engaged in slash and burn agriculture. Using bivariate analysis, factors that correlated with mortality included age, residence, back/abdominal pain, fever, coma, dyspnea, diastolic blood pressure (BP), white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, trophozoite count and quinine infusion. Logistic regression analysis showed that only back/abdominal pain, coma, dyspnea, diastolic BP and trophozoite count remained statistically significant after simultaneously controlling for confounding. These results can contribute to the proper assessment and improvement in the clinical management of CM.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"312 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132795332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hamano, Shigeru Kobayashi, T. Ogaki, M. Koga, M. Kawasaki, Kazue Ito, Atsushi Saito, M. Tsuji, S. Tokunaga, Sashi Sharma, G. P. Acharya, T. Kawasaki
This study was carried out to elucidate the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in rural communities in Nepal. Of 231 inhabitants randomly sampled in Kotyang and Judigaun, 140 (60.6%) were found to be infected with some soil-transmitted helminths. The highest prevalence was observed in hookworm infection (52.8%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (18.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3%) infections. Some inhabitants harboured Vampirolepis nana and liver fluke. The female group aged 60 years old and more showed significantly higher T. trichiura infection rate than the male group with the same age (p<0.05), while no relationship was detected between proportion of T. trichiura infection and age based on logistic regression test (p=0.07). Serum IgE levels of Nepalese were shown to be far higher than common Japanese levels, suggesting the repeated infections with these helminths.
{"title":"A SURVEY ON HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS IN TWO RURAL COMMUNITIES IN NEPAL","authors":"S. Hamano, Shigeru Kobayashi, T. Ogaki, M. Koga, M. Kawasaki, Kazue Ito, Atsushi Saito, M. Tsuji, S. Tokunaga, Sashi Sharma, G. P. Acharya, T. Kawasaki","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.511","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to elucidate the prevalence of intestinal helminthic infections in rural communities in Nepal. Of 231 inhabitants randomly sampled in Kotyang and Judigaun, 140 (60.6%) were found to be infected with some soil-transmitted helminths. The highest prevalence was observed in hookworm infection (52.8%), followed by Trichuris trichiura (18.6%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (11.3%) infections. Some inhabitants harboured Vampirolepis nana and liver fluke. The female group aged 60 years old and more showed significantly higher T. trichiura infection rate than the male group with the same age (p<0.05), while no relationship was detected between proportion of T. trichiura infection and age based on logistic regression test (p=0.07). Serum IgE levels of Nepalese were shown to be far higher than common Japanese levels, suggesting the repeated infections with these helminths.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129390974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Four new species of black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) are described based on reared adult, pupal and/or larval specimens collected from Thailand. Three new species, Simulium chaliowae sp. nov., S. chainarongi sp. nov., and S. triglobus sp. nov., are all assigned in the multistriatum-group of the subgenus Simulium (Simulium), and share the similar shoe-shaped cocoon instead of the usual fenestrate cocoon. S. triglobus is most remarkable by having three spermathecae in female adult. The fourth new species, S. baimaii sp. nov., is placed in the genus Simulium but its subgeneric assignment remains unclear due to lack of adult specimens. This species is distinct from the other known simuliid species in the Oriental Region by having the pupal gill with two filaments directed forward from an inflated stalk on each side.
{"title":"FOUR NEW SPECIES OF BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) FROM THAILAND","authors":"H. Takaoka, C. Kuvangkadilok","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.497","url":null,"abstract":"Four new species of black flies (Diptera : Simuliidae) are described based on reared adult, pupal and/or larval specimens collected from Thailand. Three new species, Simulium chaliowae sp. nov., S. chainarongi sp. nov., and S. triglobus sp. nov., are all assigned in the multistriatum-group of the subgenus Simulium (Simulium), and share the similar shoe-shaped cocoon instead of the usual fenestrate cocoon. S. triglobus is most remarkable by having three spermathecae in female adult. The fourth new species, S. baimaii sp. nov., is placed in the genus Simulium but its subgeneric assignment remains unclear due to lack of adult specimens. This species is distinct from the other known simuliid species in the Oriental Region by having the pupal gill with two filaments directed forward from an inflated stalk on each side.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123636935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pathological processes in malaria are the consequence of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasites. Merozoites invade erythrocytes, in which they develop through early trophozoites (ring forms) to late trophozoites and eventually to schizonts. During this process, development of knobs and cytoadherence or rosetting with the knobs play important roles for the falciparum malaria patient to be severely ill. Expression of variant surface neoantigens stimulates the reticuloendothelial system and can cause anemia, tissue hypoxia and cytokine production. Associated fever, paroxysms, headache and other pains are thought to result from cytokines such as interleukins, interferons and tumor necrosis factor released from macrophages or other cells at the time of schizont rupture. In the present paper, pathological and pathophysiological changes mainly in human falciparum malaria are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of basic research to “roll back” the emerging trends of malaria.
{"title":"PATHOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF MALARIA","authors":"S. Kano, M. Aikawa","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.471","url":null,"abstract":"Pathological processes in malaria are the consequence of the erythrocytic cycle of the parasites. Merozoites invade erythrocytes, in which they develop through early trophozoites (ring forms) to late trophozoites and eventually to schizonts. During this process, development of knobs and cytoadherence or rosetting with the knobs play important roles for the falciparum malaria patient to be severely ill. Expression of variant surface neoantigens stimulates the reticuloendothelial system and can cause anemia, tissue hypoxia and cytokine production. Associated fever, paroxysms, headache and other pains are thought to result from cytokines such as interleukins, interferons and tumor necrosis factor released from macrophages or other cells at the time of schizont rupture. In the present paper, pathological and pathophysiological changes mainly in human falciparum malaria are reviewed, emphasizing the importance of basic research to “roll back” the emerging trends of malaria.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122307327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Itoh, X. Qiu, Y. Koyama, Y. Ogawa, M. Weerasooriya, Hanesana Visanou, Y. Fujimaki, E. Kimura
Serum sarnples from Japanese chyluria patients were examined for filaria specific antibodies and a circulating filarial antigen in order to know if the symptom was filarial in origin. A11 the sera were negative for the circulating antigen. Anti-Brugia pahangi antibodies were detected in 6 out of 16 serum samples by ELISA after absorption of the sera with Anisakis and Dirofilaria immitis antigens. One of the positive sera showed a high titer for anti-B. pahangi lgG4, suggesting that Wuchereria bancrofti adults were surviving in the patient in recent years. Detection of antibodies would be helpful for immunodiagnosis of filarial chyluria in Japan, where filarial origin is often determined based simply on the history of residence in the past endemic areas.
{"title":"DETECTION OF CIRCULATING WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI ANTIGEN, FILARIA SPECIFIC IGG AND IGG4 IN CHYLURIA CASES IN JAPAN","authors":"M. Itoh, X. Qiu, Y. Koyama, Y. Ogawa, M. Weerasooriya, Hanesana Visanou, Y. Fujimaki, E. Kimura","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.483","url":null,"abstract":"Serum sarnples from Japanese chyluria patients were examined for filaria specific antibodies and a circulating filarial antigen in order to know if the symptom was filarial in origin. A11 the sera were negative for the circulating antigen. Anti-Brugia pahangi antibodies were detected in 6 out of 16 serum samples by ELISA after absorption of the sera with Anisakis and Dirofilaria immitis antigens. One of the positive sera showed a high titer for anti-B. pahangi lgG4, suggesting that Wuchereria bancrofti adults were surviving in the patient in recent years. Detection of antibodies would be helpful for immunodiagnosis of filarial chyluria in Japan, where filarial origin is often determined based simply on the history of residence in the past endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"282 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129988993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Wasito, P. Soeparto, S. Soedarmo, L. Djupri, Lindawati Alimsardjono, Dadik Rahardjo, N. Kataoka, N. Nakasone
In order to increase our knowledge of the epidemiology for our patient population, we retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from stool samples received at Tropical Disease Research Center, Airlangga University during a five year period. Isolation frequency of enteropathogens from diarrheal stools from 1993 to 1997 were examined in Surabaya, Indonesia. A total of 1, 477 hospitalized pediatric patients under 2 years of age with acute diarrhea were enrolled. Bacterial enteropathogens other than Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium difficile were positive cumulatively in 1, 086 cases out of 1, 477 (73.5%), and the annual isolation frequency ranged from 61.1% to 82.4%. Rotavirus was detected cumulatively in 408 cases out of 1, 184 examined (34.5%), and 210 cases of 408 (51.5%) were co-infected with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Generally, diarrheagenic E. coli were dominant isolates (53.8%) while Vibrio cholerae Ol, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were also isolated from the patients with lower frequencies.
{"title":"Isolation frequency of enteropathogens from pediatric diarrheal stool in Surabaya, Indonesia: a five year hospital based study.","authors":"E. Wasito, P. Soeparto, S. Soedarmo, L. Djupri, Lindawati Alimsardjono, Dadik Rahardjo, N. Kataoka, N. Nakasone","doi":"10.2149/TMH1973.27.433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2149/TMH1973.27.433","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase our knowledge of the epidemiology for our patient population, we retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from stool samples received at Tropical Disease Research Center, Airlangga University during a five year period. Isolation frequency of enteropathogens from diarrheal stools from 1993 to 1997 were examined in Surabaya, Indonesia. A total of 1, 477 hospitalized pediatric patients under 2 years of age with acute diarrhea were enrolled. Bacterial enteropathogens other than Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium difficile were positive cumulatively in 1, 086 cases out of 1, 477 (73.5%), and the annual isolation frequency ranged from 61.1% to 82.4%. Rotavirus was detected cumulatively in 408 cases out of 1, 184 examined (34.5%), and 210 cases of 408 (51.5%) were co-infected with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Generally, diarrheagenic E. coli were dominant isolates (53.8%) while Vibrio cholerae Ol, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were also isolated from the patients with lower frequencies.","PeriodicalId":305785,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122074449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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