Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145679
B. Mladenova, L. Soserov, M. Dimitrova, E. Lefterova, A. Stoyanova
This publication presents the development of a green supercapacitor, focusing on the creation of an environmentally friendly composite material for electrodes in solid-state devices. The composite material consists of biogenic activated carbon derived from coconut shells and silver nanoparticles synthesized through a green method using Arctium root extract under direct sunlight. The material was characterized using various physicochemical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and BET surface area analysis. The composite electrode material, combined with the Aquivion Na⁺-exchange membrane as both polymer electrolyte and separator, was used to assemble a solid-state supercapacitor. Electrochemical test confirmed the successful integration of silver nanoparticles into the activated carbon matrix, demonstrating high stability and capacitance in the supercapacitor.
{"title":"Green supercapacitor composed of environmentally friendly materials","authors":"B. Mladenova, L. Soserov, M. Dimitrova, E. Lefterova, A. Stoyanova","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145679","url":null,"abstract":"This publication presents the development of a green supercapacitor, focusing on the creation of an environmentally friendly composite material for electrodes in solid-state devices. The composite material consists of biogenic activated carbon derived from coconut shells and silver nanoparticles synthesized through a green method using Arctium root extract under direct sunlight. The material was characterized using various physicochemical techniques, including UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and BET surface area analysis. The composite electrode material, combined with the Aquivion Na⁺-exchange membrane as both polymer electrolyte and separator, was used to assemble a solid-state supercapacitor. Electrochemical test confirmed the successful integration of silver nanoparticles into the activated carbon matrix, demonstrating high stability and capacitance in the supercapacitor.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145675
Mohamed G. Abouelenein, Marwa M. Abdeen, Omnia A.A El-Shamy, Q. Mohsen, M.A. Deyab
The current study addresses the corrosion issue for aluminum metal in alkaline solution (4.0 M NaOH) by employing a novel corrosion inhibitor, 6-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (PYPY). Analyses techniques using the FTIR, NMR, HPLC, mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis confirmed that the PYPY was successfully synthesized. Chemical, electrochemical, and quantum research are used to assess (PYPY)'s anti-corrosion characteristics. The data confirms that PYPY plays a significant role in preventing aluminum from corroding in NaOH solution. At 100 ppm, the maximum levels of inhibitory efficacy (92.5%) were attained. The primary cause of PYPY's anti-corrosion properties is the propensity of PYPY to adsorb on the aluminium surface via its hetero atoms (O, N, and π-electron conjugation). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results corroborated this. The actual adsorption occurs due to the synchronization of several active centres and physical and chemical processes with the calculated quantum parameters. Furthermore, PYPY adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm.
{"title":"Pyranopyrazole derivative, a new corrosion inhibitor designed for managing the corrosion problem of aluminum metal in alkaline solution","authors":"Mohamed G. Abouelenein, Marwa M. Abdeen, Omnia A.A El-Shamy, Q. Mohsen, M.A. Deyab","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145675","url":null,"abstract":"The current study addresses the corrosion issue for aluminum metal in alkaline solution (4.0 M NaOH) by employing a novel corrosion inhibitor, 6-amino-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-<em>c</em>]pyrazole-5-carbonitrile (<strong>PYPY</strong>). Analyses techniques using the FTIR, NMR, HPLC, mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analysis confirmed that the <strong>PYPY</strong> was successfully synthesized. Chemical, electrochemical, and quantum research are used to assess (<strong>PYPY</strong>)'s anti-corrosion characteristics. The data confirms that <strong>PYPY</strong> plays a significant role in preventing aluminum from corroding in NaOH solution. At 100 ppm, the maximum levels of inhibitory efficacy (92.5%) were attained. The primary cause of <strong>PYPY</strong>'s anti-corrosion properties is the propensity of <strong>PYPY</strong> to adsorb on the aluminium surface <em>via</em> its hetero atoms (O, N, and π-electron conjugation). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) test results corroborated this. The actual adsorption occurs due to the synchronization of several active centres and physical and chemical processes with the calculated quantum parameters. Furthermore, <strong>PYPY</strong> adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145680
Bruno Ferreira, Robert D. Crapnell, Elena Bernalte, Thiago R.L.C. Paixão, Craig E. Banks
Additive manufacturing electrochemistry allows for the production of bespoke sensing devices, that can be produced rapidly on-site. Through the production of specialised filament, researchers have been able to begin to compete with the electroanalytical performance of classical electrodes, however, only aqueous systems have ever been viable for exploration. In this work, we report the first production of a low material cost poly(propylene) (PP) based conductive filament and its application toward electroanalysis within an organic medium, acetonitrile. By leveraging the chemical stability of PP, alongside the conductive properties of carbon black (CB) and the low-cost nature of graphite (G), high-performance electrodes could be printed at a material cost of less than £0.01 each. The filament containing 20 wt% CB, 20 wt% G and 60 wt% PP was electrochemically characterised, producing a k0 of 2.08 (± 0.22) x 10-3 cm s-1. These additive manufactured electrodes are then applied to detect chlorpromazine in acetonitrile, producing a sensitivity of 51.8 nA μM-1, limit of detection of 80 μM and limit of quantification of 266 μM. This work shows how, through the production of bespoke filaments, additive manufacturing electrochemistry can explore new areas of electrochemical research that are currently untapped.
{"title":"Low-cost conductive polypropylene for electroanalysis in organic solvents using additively manufactured electrodes","authors":"Bruno Ferreira, Robert D. Crapnell, Elena Bernalte, Thiago R.L.C. Paixão, Craig E. Banks","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145680","url":null,"abstract":"Additive manufacturing electrochemistry allows for the production of bespoke sensing devices, that can be produced rapidly on-site. Through the production of specialised filament, researchers have been able to begin to compete with the electroanalytical performance of classical electrodes, however, only aqueous systems have ever been viable for exploration. In this work, we report the first production of a low material cost poly(propylene) (PP) based conductive filament and its application toward electroanalysis within an organic medium, acetonitrile. By leveraging the chemical stability of PP, alongside the conductive properties of carbon black (CB) and the low-cost nature of graphite (G), high-performance electrodes could be printed at a material cost of less than £0.01 each. The filament containing 20 wt% CB, 20 wt% G and 60 wt% PP was electrochemically characterised, producing a <em>k<sup>0</sup></em> of 2.08 (± 0.22) x 10<sup>-3</sup> cm s<sup>-1</sup>. These additive manufactured electrodes are then applied to detect chlorpromazine in acetonitrile, producing a sensitivity of 51.8 nA μM<sup>-1</sup>, limit of detection of 80 μM and limit of quantification of 266 μM. This work shows how, through the production of bespoke filaments, additive manufacturing electrochemistry can explore new areas of electrochemical research that are currently untapped.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon-coated sodium vanadium phosphate nanocomposites with various morphology and textural properties have been demonstrated to be promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, downsizing and larger specific surface area significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, mesoporous sodium vanadium phosphate microparticles with continuous carbon-coated layers (meso-NVP/C-FD MPs) are successfully synthesized via microwave-assisted sol-gel reaction, freeze-drying procedure, and calcination under an argon atmosphere. Given the distinctive textural characteristics, the resulting meso-NVP/C-FD MPs not only deliver remarkable rate capability (specific capacity at 7.0 C: 81 % of the value at 0.35 C) but also achieve an impressive lifespan (capacity retention: 94 % after 5,000 cycles at 7.0 C). Moreover, the sodium-ion full batteries assembled by commercial hard carbon anode and meso-NVP/C-FD cathode also possess excellent reversible capacity (92 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 80 mAh/g at 2.0 C) and comparable cyclability (88 % of retention after 300 cycles at 2.0 C). This study affords guidance for constructing the secondary pores within the NVP MPs, which is of great importance in boosting the mobilities of sodium ions and electrochemical performances.
{"title":"Enhanced performances of mesoporous Na3V2(PO4)3/C microparticles: insights from morphological and textural characteristics","authors":"Sheng-Ming Chang, Chia-Erh Liu, Chun-Chen Yang, Tai-Feng Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145678","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-coated sodium vanadium phosphate nanocomposites with various morphology and textural properties have been demonstrated to be promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, downsizing and larger specific surface area significantly hinder their practical applications. Herein, mesoporous sodium vanadium phosphate microparticles with continuous carbon-coated layers (<em>meso</em>-NVP/C-FD MPs) are successfully synthesized <em>via</em> microwave-assisted sol-gel reaction, freeze-drying procedure, and calcination under an argon atmosphere. Given the distinctive textural characteristics, the resulting <em>meso</em>-NVP/C-FD MPs not only deliver remarkable rate capability (specific capacity at 7.0 C: 81 % of the value at 0.35 C) but also achieve an impressive lifespan (capacity retention: 94 % after 5,000 cycles at 7.0 C). Moreover, the sodium-ion full batteries assembled by commercial hard carbon anode and <em>meso</em>-NVP/C-FD cathode also possess excellent reversible capacity (92 mAh/g at 0.1 C and 80 mAh/g at 2.0 C) and comparable cyclability (88 % of retention after 300 cycles at 2.0 C). This study affords guidance for constructing the secondary pores within the NVP MPs, which is of great importance in boosting the mobilities of sodium ions and electrochemical performances.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A honeycomb-like porous self-supporting Ni-Al(G) electrode was successfully prepared by low-pressure cold spraying combined with heat treatment. The main components of the electrode were Ni and NiAl. Graphene was uniformly dispersed throughout the electrode, exhibiting a 3-D distribution, which increased the active site of electrode and improved the electron exchange rate. The electrochemical properties of the Ni-Al(G) electrode were characterized using 6 M KOH. As a result, the Ni-Al(G) electrode requires only an overpotential of 130 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of 35.5 mV dec−1. In addition, the electrode exhibited excellent stability. The addition of graphene and the honeycomb-like porous structure of the Ni-Al(G) electrode resulted in an excellent hydrogen evolution activity. This study provides a simple and rapid technique for building high-performance, low-cost, and industrially available electrodes for the efficient alkaline HER.
{"title":"Highly efficient water electrolysis of 3-D distribution of graphene in Ni-Al intermetallic compound electrode in alkaline media","authors":"Hongdi Zheng, Liuyan Zhang, Yingying Li, Binkai Yuan, Shixuan Wang, Zeyi Guan, Gengzhe Shen, Guibin Tan, Yanmei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2024.145625","url":null,"abstract":"A honeycomb-like porous self-supporting Ni-Al(G) electrode was successfully prepared by low-pressure cold spraying combined with heat treatment. The main components of the electrode were Ni and NiAl. Graphene was uniformly dispersed throughout the electrode, exhibiting a 3-D distribution, which increased the active site of electrode and improved the electron exchange rate. The electrochemical properties of the Ni-Al(G) electrode were characterized using 6 M KOH. As a result, the Ni-Al(G) electrode requires only an overpotential of 130 mV to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, and a Tafel slope of 35.5 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, the electrode exhibited excellent stability. The addition of graphene and the honeycomb-like porous structure of the Ni-Al(G) electrode resulted in an excellent hydrogen evolution activity. This study provides a simple and rapid technique for building high-performance, low-cost, and industrially available electrodes for the efficient alkaline HER.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145671
D.C. Pawar, D.B. Malavekar, J.H. Kim, C.D. Lokhande
As electrochemical energy storage systems become more prevalent, there is a growing imperative to investigate electrode materials that offer both flexibility and superior capacitive performance. In this research, a stainless steel substrate was used to synthesize a composite of reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/Ppy) by simple successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The various rGO concentrations were used to improve the material electrochemical characteristics. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that Ppy particles were sandwiched between rGO sheets. At a 1 mg mL−1 of rGO concentration, the highest specific capacitance of rGO/Ppy composite was 803 F g−1, greater than Ppy (331 F g−1). The rGO/Ppy composite exhibited remarkable cycling stability, retaining over 92% of its initial capacitance over 5,000 cycles. Furthermore, rGO/Ppy/PVA-H2SO4/WO3 flexible solid- state supercapacitor device revealed a specific capacitance of 49 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 scan rate and showed a maximum specific energy (SE) of 12 Wh kg−1 at a 881 W kg−1 specific power (SP). This indicates that the optimized concentration of rGO in Ppy composite led to an improvement in capacitive performance, and SILAR proved to be an effective method for preparing composite electrodes.
{"title":"Chemically deposited reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/Ppy) composite thin films for flexible solid-state supercapacitor: Effect of rGO composition","authors":"D.C. Pawar, D.B. Malavekar, J.H. Kim, C.D. Lokhande","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145671","url":null,"abstract":"As electrochemical energy storage systems become more prevalent, there is a growing imperative to investigate electrode materials that offer both flexibility and superior capacitive performance. In this research, a stainless steel substrate was used to synthesize a composite of reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (rGO/Ppy) by simple successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. The various rGO concentrations were used to improve the material electrochemical characteristics. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images revealed that Ppy particles were sandwiched between rGO sheets. At a 1 mg mL<sup>−1</sup> of rGO concentration, the highest specific capacitance of rGO/Ppy composite was 803 F g<sup>−1</sup>, greater than Ppy (331 F g<sup>−1</sup>). The rGO/Ppy composite exhibited remarkable cycling stability, retaining over 92% of its initial capacitance over 5,000 cycles. Furthermore, rGO/Ppy/PVA-H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/WO<sub>3</sub> flexible solid- state supercapacitor device revealed a specific capacitance of 49 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 5 mV s<sup>−1</sup> scan rate and showed a maximum specific energy (<em>S<sub>E</sub></em>) of 12 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> at a 881 W kg<sup>−1</sup> specific power (<em>S<sub>P</sub></em>). This indicates that the optimized concentration of rGO in Ppy composite led to an improvement in capacitive performance, and SILAR proved to be an effective method for preparing composite electrodes.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145668
Zhefan Wang, Bin Zhao, Bing Xiao, Yang Li, Ming Cai, Chenglong Yang, Guangwen Cheng, Song Yang, Zhongxu Guo, Jian Cheng, Xiaogang Han
Nitrogen-doped porous carbon has been widely used in electrochemical energy storage, particularly in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), where it demonstrates excellent capacitance performance. However, the impact of nitrogen doping on the migration of electrolyte ions and the rapid decay of electrochemical performance at high temperatures has been rarely reported. In this work, a series of advanced characterizations, such as electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), were employed to analyze ion migration, deposition, and decomposition. Combining first-principles calculations, it was proved that the high-energy state lone pair electrons of amine and pyrrole-N trigger the continuous deposition/decomposition of anions BF4-, and prevent the deposition of cations SBP+. The deposited and decomposed cations further formed a passivation interface, which hindered ion migration. This interface led to dramatic fluctuations in electrode mass changes during charging and discharging, and reduced the total amount of ion migration. This work provides a novel kinetic study of ion migration within the electrochemical interface of nitrogen-doped porous carbon, which could contribute to enhancing the specific capacitance and cycle life of supercapacitors.
{"title":"Deposition and decomposition of electrolyte solutes caused by N-doped porous carbon: a kinetic study of ion migration","authors":"Zhefan Wang, Bin Zhao, Bing Xiao, Yang Li, Ming Cai, Chenglong Yang, Guangwen Cheng, Song Yang, Zhongxu Guo, Jian Cheng, Xiaogang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145668","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen-doped porous carbon has been widely used in electrochemical energy storage, particularly in electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), where it demonstrates excellent capacitance performance. However, the impact of nitrogen doping on the migration of electrolyte ions and the rapid decay of electrochemical performance at high temperatures has been rarely reported. In this work, a series of advanced characterizations, such as electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and synchrotron radiation-based X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), were employed to analyze ion migration, deposition, and decomposition. Combining first-principles calculations, it was proved that the high-energy state lone pair electrons of amine and pyrrole-N trigger the continuous deposition/decomposition of anions BF<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup>, and prevent the deposition of cations SBP<sup>+</sup>. The deposited and decomposed cations further formed a passivation interface, which hindered ion migration. This interface led to dramatic fluctuations in electrode mass changes during charging and discharging, and reduced the total amount of ion migration. This work provides a novel kinetic study of ion migration within the electrochemical interface of nitrogen-doped porous carbon, which could contribute to enhancing the specific capacitance and cycle life of supercapacitors.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MXenes is considered as one of the most potential sodium ions storage materials due to its superior metallic conductivity, abundant surface functional groups, extensive specific surface area, and tunable interlayer spacing. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by severe volumetric expansion/shrinkage and slow sodium ions diffusion during sodium ions insertion/extraction process. Herein, a novel organic acid molecules bridging strategy is reported to stabilize layered structure and adjust the interlayer spacing of Ti3CN, which is realized by bridging organic acid molecules (named as TOAA) into Ti3CN interlayers (named as Ti3CN-TOAA) to form strong amido (HN-C=O) bonds. The carbonyl groups of TOAA molecules can not only provide active sites for sodium ions storage, but also inhibit volumetric expansion/shrinkage by providing strain/pillar effects within the Ti3CN interlayers, achieving stable and rapid sodium ions storage. Consequently, the interlayer spacing of Ti3CN-TOAA (1.42 nm) is enlargered compared with that of Ti3CN (1.22 nm), while the sodium ions migration barrier of Ti3CN-TOAA is reduced by 0.09 eV. Ti3CN-TOAA demonstrates superior cycling stability (the capacity retention remains at 83.2% after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g-1) and rate capability (2.5 times the capacity of pristine Ti3CN at 5.0 A g-1). Significantly, the Ti3CN-TOAA||AC sodium ions capacitor (SIC) exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining 79.3% of its capacity after 8000 cycles at 1.0 A g-1. This work presents a novel approach to achieving stable and rapid sodium ions storage by stabilizing layered structure and adjusting interlayer spacing.
{"title":"Novel organic molecular bridging strategy in Ti3CN interlayers towards stable and rapid sodium ions storage","authors":"Xiao-Rui Wang, Wen-Jie Shi, Ai-Jun Jiao, Zhen-Hai Fu, Min-Peng Li, Hong-Yan Li, Cai-Xia Zheng, Yu-Xia Hu, Hong-Tao Xue, Mao-Cheng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145670","url":null,"abstract":"MXenes is considered as one of the most potential sodium ions storage materials due to its superior metallic conductivity, abundant surface functional groups, extensive specific surface area, and tunable interlayer spacing. Nevertheless, its practical application is hindered by severe volumetric expansion/shrinkage and slow sodium ions diffusion during sodium ions insertion/extraction process. Herein, a novel organic acid molecules bridging strategy is reported to stabilize layered structure and adjust the interlayer spacing of Ti<sub>3</sub>CN, which is realized by bridging organic acid molecules (named as TOAA) into Ti<sub>3</sub>CN interlayers (named as Ti<sub>3</sub>CN-TOAA) to form strong amido (HN-C=O) bonds. The carbonyl groups of TOAA molecules can not only provide active sites for sodium ions storage, but also inhibit volumetric expansion/shrinkage by providing strain/pillar effects within the Ti<sub>3</sub>CN interlayers, achieving stable and rapid sodium ions storage. Consequently, the interlayer spacing of Ti<sub>3</sub>CN-TOAA (1.42 nm) is enlargered compared with that of Ti<sub>3</sub>CN (1.22 nm), while the sodium ions migration barrier of Ti<sub>3</sub>CN-TOAA is reduced by 0.09 eV. Ti<sub>3</sub>CN-TOAA demonstrates superior cycling stability (the capacity retention remains at 83.2% after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g<sup>-1</sup>) and rate capability (2.5 times the capacity of pristine Ti<sub>3</sub>CN at 5.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>). Significantly, the Ti<sub>3</sub>CN-TOAA||AC sodium ions capacitor (SIC) exhibits excellent cycling stability, retaining 79.3% of its capacity after 8000 cycles at 1.0 A g<sup>-1</sup>. This work presents a novel approach to achieving stable and rapid sodium ions storage by stabilizing layered structure and adjusting interlayer spacing.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145669
Yue Wu, Zi Wang, Tao Zhang, Shuang Li, Yunzhen Zhao, Jiaye Su
Attaining a high cut-off rate for salt solutions while ensuring significant water flux across membranes is crucial in the desalination process. Herein, we demonstrate by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that the desalination performance in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be greatly improved by applying a terahertz electric field. At a specific field frequency, with increasing the field strength, the fluxes of Cl−, Na+ and water collectively exhibit a decreasing trend; however, the ion rejection demonstrates a significant increase, reaching up to 100% within the simulation time. Moreover, for a given field strength, the fluxes of Cl−, Na+, and water display a minimum behavior as the field frequency increases, leading to the maximum behavior of ion rejection (up to 100%). This suggests a frequency optimization for the desalination performance, where the best ion rejection occurs in a frequency range of 10 ∼ 20 THz. Consequently, the utilization of lateral terahertz electric field holds great promise in desalination, providing valuable insights for designing desalination membranes with low energy consumption and high freshwater production efficiency.
{"title":"Enhanced desalination performance in carbon nanotubes by terahertz electric fields","authors":"Yue Wu, Zi Wang, Tao Zhang, Shuang Li, Yunzhen Zhao, Jiaye Su","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145669","url":null,"abstract":"Attaining a high cut-off rate for salt solutions while ensuring significant water flux across membranes is crucial in the desalination process. Herein, we demonstrate by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that the desalination performance in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can be greatly improved by applying a terahertz electric field. At a specific field frequency, with increasing the field strength, the fluxes of Cl<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup> and water collectively exhibit a decreasing trend; however, the ion rejection demonstrates a significant increase, reaching up to 100% within the simulation time. Moreover, for a given field strength, the fluxes of Cl<sup>−</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, and water display a minimum behavior as the field frequency increases, leading to the maximum behavior of ion rejection (up to 100%). This suggests a frequency optimization for the desalination performance, where the best ion rejection occurs in a frequency range of 10 ∼ 20 THz. Consequently, the utilization of lateral terahertz electric field holds great promise in desalination, providing valuable insights for designing desalination membranes with low energy consumption and high freshwater production efficiency.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2025.145666
Hillary E. Rodríguez Lucas, Fernando Garay
This manuscript presents a general mathematical solution for describing profiles of staircase cyclic voltammetry (SCV) where the diffusion of electroactive species occurs into thin-film (TF) materials of different permeability. The TF material can involve a film of a solid, a liquid, or a mixture of both. However, for simplicity, the model focuses on a system conformed by an external aqueous solution in contact with a thin organic film that covers the electrode surface. Thus, the partition of the electroactive species takes place between the aqueous and organic phases while the charge transfer reaction occurs at the electrode.The variation of scan rate in SCV affects the apparent thickness and reversibility of the system, which complicates the behavior expected for the peak current and peak potential. It is advisable to study the system using both chronoamperometry and SCV since the first can be used to estimate the partition and the second to evaluate the other relevant parameters. This manuscript shows how to use the dependencies of peak currents and peak potentials on the scan rate to estimate the thickness and charge transfer rate values of a TF system.
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