Electrochimica Acta最新文献

{"title":"The cation effect on halogen intercalation into graphite electrode in aqueous zinc dual-ion batteries","authors":"Zhe Wang ,&nbsp;Yueyuan Xu ,&nbsp;Shiguan Xu ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wang ,&nbsp;Yuhao Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Halogen-graphite intercalation compounds (HGICs)-based positive electrodes have gathered significant attention within the aqueous zinc dual-ion battery (ADIZBs) domain. To achieve a stable anodic electrode process with a high capacity of ∼250 mAh g^-1 (for [BrCl]-GICs 1.6∼2 V vs. Zn/Zn²⁺), the presence of both Br^- and Cl^- anions is essential for this step-wise intercalation mechanism. This makes ZnCl₂-based water-in-salt electrolytes (WISEs) with bromide additives promising electrolyte systems. However, these bromides are generally regarded as source of Br^-, while role of their accompanying cations remains poorly understood due to challenges in experimental analysis. In this work, three representative bromides (LiBr, NaBr, and KBr) were introduced separately as additives into ZnCl₂-based WISEs for constructing AZDIBs. Through a combination of ex-situ/in-situ electrochemical analysis and computational simulations, we investigated the ion solvation behavior and the anion storage mechanism in graphite electrodes. Our results reveal that the incorporated cations significantly influence the reorganization of the solvation shell of Br^- anions, which consequently affects key electrochemical properties, including mass transport/charge transfer resistance and the lattice structure of the resulting HGICs. This study highlights the critical role of interfacial solvation structure reorganization and offers atomic-level insights for the rational design of electrolytes for high-performance AZDIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147992"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting all-solid-state lithium-ion battery lifetime via state-of-charge imbalance-driven side reaction kinetics","authors":"Kazuki Furukawa ,&nbsp;Masayuki Yamada ,&nbsp;Kingo Ariyoshi","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rechargeable all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) offer promising advantages in terms of safety, energy density, and long cycle lifetime. Although an understanding of capacity degradation is crucial for accurately predicting the lifetimes of rechargeable batteries, theoretical kinetic studies evaluating capacity fading in ASS lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been relatively limited. In contrast to liquid-electrolyte-based LIBs, in which the mechanism of capacify fading due to state-of-charge (SOC) imbalance is relatively well understood, these phenomena are only beginning to be systematically elucidated in ASS-LIBs. This study addressed this gap by investigating the fundamental relationship between the SOC imbalance and rate of side reactions in a Li[Li_1/3Ti_5/3]O₄/LiCoO₂ ASSB with a three-electrode cell configuration during repeated cycling at different temperatures. The obtained cumulative capacity plots facilitated quantification of the rates of side reactions at the electrodes using the side-reaction current (<em>I</em>_SR), which exhibited Arrhenius-type temperature dependence. Capacity fading in the ASSB was determined to be governed by the SOC imbalance, and a theoretical model linking this imbalance to the <em>I</em>_SR values at the electrodes was established accordingly. The resulting equation enabled the accurate prediction of battery lifetime based on <em>I</em>_SR and indicated an excellent lifetime for the evaluated ASSB, even at elevated temperatures. Thus, this study not only revealed the capacity fading mechanism in the ASS-LIB but also demonstrated a new theoretical framework for predicting its long-term performance, contributing to the design of more durable and reliable ASSBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"549 ","pages":"Article 147998"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of calcium acetate concentration in the electrolyte on the microstructure, anti-corrosion performance, and in vitro bioactivity of micro-arc oxidation coatings on NiTi","authors":"Hong Chen, Long Jia, Shiqi Ren, Jianmin Hao","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147982","url":null,"abstract":"Nickel–titanium (NiTi) alloys are widely used as orthopedic implants because of their excellent shape memory effect; however, their inadequate corrosion resistance, nickel ion release, and limited bioactivity still hinder further clinical application. In this study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was employed to construct oxide coatings on NiTi alloy substrates, taking the concentration of calcium acetate in the electrolyte (0–3 g/L) as the key process variable. The effects of calcium acetate concentration on the coating microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and in vitro mineralization behavior were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that changes in calcium acetate concentration markedly affect the discharge characteristics and film-forming quality, among which the coating prepared at 2 g/L (denoted as X2) exhibits the most favorable overall performance. Specifically, compared with the calcium-acetate-free control, the coating thickness of the X2 sample increases from 18.36 μm to 22.44 μm (a 22.2% increase), while the average pore size and surface porosity decrease by 29.8% and 26.6%, respectively, indicating a significantly improved coating compactness. This structural densification translates into superior mechanical performance and protective capability: the microhardness of the X2 sample reaches 370.2 HV (approximately 6.9% higher than that of the control), and the interfacial bonding strength increases to 20.34 N (an improvement of about 33.2%). Meanwhile, the corrosion resistance is substantially enhanced, as evidenced by a 53.8% reduction in corrosion current density to 5.96 × 10⁻⁸ A/cm² and an approximately 3.5-fold increase in polarization resistance. After immersion in Hanks’ solution for 14 days, the cumulative release of Ni ions from X2 is reduced by 44.4% compared with the control, with a concentration of only 20 μg/L. In addition, Ca incorporation promotes the in situ formation of a β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ phase within the coating; in particular, the 2 g/L group can induce the formation of a continuous reticulated hydroxyapatite (HA) layer during in vitro immersion, exhibiting the best mineralization capability among all samples. These findings indicate that rational regulation of calcium acetate concentration enables the synergistic enhancement of mechanical stability, physical barrier function, and bioactivity of MAO coatings, thereby providing optimized process parameters for the surface modification of NiTi implants.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145728686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced capacitive deionization performance for Pb2+ removal using layered composite MoS2/PPy loaded with nanoparticles","authors":"Zhuannian Liu,&nbsp;Yifei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaolei Shi,&nbsp;Benlong Wei,&nbsp;Pudi Yang,&nbsp;Jilun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address water scarcity and heavy metal pollution, capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a key solution. This study developed a layered composite loaded with molybdenum disulfide/polypyrrole (MoS₂/PPy) nanoparticles for efficient CDI removal of Pb²⁺ from water. MoS₂ was synthesized via a hydrothermal method, followed by in-situ chemical polymerization to uniformly load PPy onto the surface and interlayers of MoS₂, constructing a layered MoS₂/PPy composite with nanoparticle-loading characteristics. The incorporation of PPy increases the interlayer spacing of MoS₂ and enhances its specific surface area, providing ample intercalation space and active sites for Pb²⁺ adsorption. Electrochemical testing reveals that MoS₂/PPy exhibits a specific capacitance of 101.7 F <em>g</em>⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A <em>g</em>⁻¹, demonstrating superior charge transfer and ion diffusion properties compared to pure MoS₂. Second, under conditions of 1.2 V, initial Pb²⁺ concentration of 100 mg <em>L</em>⁻¹, and pH=5, its CDI adsorption capacity reached 206.4 mg <em>g</em>⁻¹. After 25 adsorption/desorption cycles, it retained 32.9 mg <em>g</em>⁻¹ adsorption capacity and 53.5 % removal efficiency, demonstrating excellent regenerability and cycling stability. This provides practical guidance for efficiently treating Pb²⁺ contamination in real wastewater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147995"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore structure engineering of self-breathing cathodes for enhanced in situ H2O2 production via the 2e- oxygen reduction pathway","authors":"Xingwei Tao,&nbsp;Xia Qin,&nbsp;Xujie Lan,&nbsp;Hongyun Ren,&nbsp;Mai Wang,&nbsp;Xiao Guo,&nbsp;Shan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) via the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e^- ORR) is a promising green H₂O₂ supply strategy. However, developing high-performance cathodes that enable efficient O₂ utilization and H₂O₂ production remains a challenge. In this study, a self-breathing cathode was constructed by modifying graphite felt (GF) with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), serving as the electrode for in situ H₂O₂ production. The pore architecture and surface hydrophobicity were finely tuned by adjusting the CNTs dimensions and optimizing PTFE content, thus significantly enhancing O₂ transport and 2e^- ORR kinetics. The optimized CNT₂-GF cathode achieved a H₂O₂ concentration of 781.55 mg·L^-1 within 60 min and maintained stable H₂O₂ production over 10 reuse cycles. Moreover, the in situ generated H₂O₂, in synergy with Fe²⁺, effectively degraded phenol, rhodamine B, tetracycline, and sulfanilamide, demonstrating strong potential for wastewater treatment. This study provides a deeper understanding of the structure-performance relationship of porous cathodes and presents a practical strategy for optimizing in situ H₂O₂ generation in electro-Fenton systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147996"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of the growth of the oxide layer on wrought and LPBF 316L stainless steels by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements","authors":"Xavier Majnoni d'Intignano ,&nbsp;Olivier Devos ,&nbsp;Mohamed El May ,&nbsp;Sébastien Mercier ,&nbsp;Nicolas Saintier ,&nbsp;Bernard Tribollet","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Passive film formation of wrought and laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) 316L with different heat treatments was investigated. The passive films of the samples were formed after electrochemical passivation in a chloride acidic solution. The electrochemical passivation was monitored thanks to an original approach by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This electrochemical monitoring allows following the formation of the passive layer. Electrochemical results show significant differences between the wrought and LPBF 316L regarding the electrical properties of the metal/electrolyte interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"549 ","pages":"Article 147991"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PILs-E ionic liquids enable stable interfacial membranes for high performance and dendrite-free lithium metal batteries","authors":"Xuhai Pan ,&nbsp;Tianwei Huang ,&nbsp;Zhixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Yahong Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Shen ,&nbsp;Min Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the growing demand for new energy sources, lithium batteries have attracted much attention due to their many excellent characteristics. However, lithium dendrite is an undesirable phenomenon in the cycling process of lithium-ion batteries, which can have a serious impact on battery safety and cycle life. The lithium dendrite problem is a pressing issue that hinders the development of lithium metal battery applications. In this work, a new binary electrolyte system, PILs-Es, was constructed using [BMP]TFSI ionic liquids intermixed with carbonate-based organic solvents. The optimal solvent ratios were selected by analyzing the ionic conductivity and viscosity studies. It is demonstrated that the PILs-E30-based half-cell exhibits excellent cycling stability and lower charge transfer impedance, which plays a positive role in the formation of a more homogeneous and dense solid electrolyte interfacial film (SEI film) on the surface of the anode. [BMP]TFSI is involved in the film-forming process, forming a more stable SEI film product, slowing down the decomposition of carbonate organic solvents, and inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions between the electrolyte and the electrode surface.PILs-E30 produces a more homogeneous deposition of lithium, which makes the generated SEI film more homogeneous and dense, and inhibits the generation of lithium dendrites, thus protecting the anode material. The LiFePO₄|Graphite full cell based on PILs-E30 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with a discharge specific capacity of 117.5 mAh g^-1, a high capacity retention of 95.0 %, and a Coulombic efficiency of close to 100 % after cycling for 200 cycles at 1 C multiplication rate. This proves the usefulness of PILs-E30 in full batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147993"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the synergistic effect of CO2, Cl-, flow, temperature and pH on X65 steel corrosion in gas and liquid environments","authors":"Min Qin ,&nbsp;Jialin Li ,&nbsp;Xiyu Wang ,&nbsp;Na Yang ,&nbsp;Shijian Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoxi He ,&nbsp;Long Qin ,&nbsp;Kexi Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wet gas pipelines in oil and gas transportation are subjected to complex corrosive environments involving corrosive gases and multiphase flow. CO₂ corrosion mechanisms differ fundamentally between environments, requiring dedicated study of gas environment pipeline top corrosion. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of CO₂, Cl^-, flow velocity, temperature, and pH on the corrosion of X65 steel in both environments. Through high-temperature, high-pressure reactor experiments combined with SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis, we reveal that the varying degrees of crystallization of FeCO₃ at different temperatures and corrosion environments result in differences in the density of the corrosion product film, which further induces different degrees of localized corrosion. In the liquid environment, the synergistic action of Cl^- penetration and fluid shear promotes localized corrosion, with a maximum rate of 4.16 mm/a. Notably, the maximum pit depth increases dramatically to 78.4852 μm. In contrast, the gas environment exhibits lower corrosion rates (up to 2.46 mm/a) and a maximum pit depth of 46.2978 μm (only 59 % of that in the liquid environment), attributed to denser and more crystalline FeCO₃ films formed under condensate droplets.A key mechanistic insight is the identification of distinct corrosion-sensitive factors in each environment: CO₂ partial pressure and Cl^- concentration dominate in the liquid environment, whereas CO₂ partial pressure and temperature are controlling in the gas environment. The synergistic corrosion effect of CO₂ with temperature, pH, velocity and Cl^- were explained. Ultimately, under the erosion of flowing and the infiltration of Cl^-, combined with the evolution characteristics of corrosion product film, the synergistic corrosion behavior of CO₂ and four factors was revealed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147981"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145704545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing 3D hierarchical MoS2 architectures via DMF intercalation: Vertically stacked nanosheets enable enhanced zinc-ion storage performance","authors":"Liteng Fan ,&nbsp;Wan Wan ,&nbsp;Weiyan Ma ,&nbsp;Yaxuan Jin ,&nbsp;Dejun Gong ,&nbsp;Yuling Tu ,&nbsp;Dong Sun ,&nbsp;Wanyong Zhou ,&nbsp;Hui Chai ,&nbsp;Xiaogang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) has emerged as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to its unique layered structure, high specific surface area, and cost-effectiveness. In this work, MoS₂ was modified with N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to form a nanocomposite. The DMF intercalation successfully expanded the interlayer spacing of MoS₂ from 0.62 nm to 0.99 nm. This expansion effectively reduces Coulombic interactions at the hydrated Zn²⁺/MoS₂ interface, which promotes structural destabilization and facilitates accelerated zinc-ion diffusion. Consequently, the as-prepared MoS₂-DMF cathode delivers a remarkable discharge specific capacity of 181.9 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and demonstrates outstanding long-term cyclability with a capacity retention of 78.7% after 1000 cycles at a high current density of 5 A g⁻¹. The strategy presented herein provides a valuable pathway for developing high-performance cathode materials for advanced AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147980"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145711332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid synthesis of stable Cs2SnI6 double perovskite for visible-light DSSC–supercapacitor applications","authors":"Si Lin Choon ,&nbsp;Hong Ngee Lim ,&nbsp;Wan Nadhirah Wan Mohd Abd Kalam ,&nbsp;Izwaharyanie Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Chi Huey Ng ,&nbsp;Choon Yian Haw ,&nbsp;Augustin Catalin Mot ,&nbsp;Lucian Cristian Pop","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2025.147975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid synthesis of Cs₂SnI₆ is established by reacting the pre-prepared CsI and SnI₄ via a mechanochemical approach, in which the reaction is stably conducted in a facile condition for 12 min with the incorporation of hydroiodic acid (HI). The Rietveld refinement analysis reveals that the synthesized Cs₂SnI₆ exhibits stable crystallinity for over 4 months under ambient conditions with a relative humidity of more than 70%, showing no significant changes in its purity. When incorporated into dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), Cs₂SnI₆ exhibits a 32% enhancement in power conversion efficiency compared to the control, which is attributed to its superior light absorption and the matched energy levels of the device. The improved performance of DSSC employed with Cs₂SnI₆ is integrated with a supercapacitor and capable of photo-charging the device with a discharged specific capacitance of 92.12 F g^-1 at 1 A g^-1. The Cs₂SnI₆ DSSC-supercapacitor demonstrates twice the stability of the pristine device, with a retention rate of 81.27% under 1-sun illumination and <em>a</em> ≥ 60% stability improvement under halogen lamp illumination after 30 cycles, even without encapsulation. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the feasibility of Cs₂SnI₆ under visible light, highlighting its potential for future indoor energy applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"548 ","pages":"Article 147975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145697319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}