Aquaculture is widely adopted as a sustainable method for the breeding and rearing of aquatic species such as fish. However, the presence of external stressors, including pollution and contamination, can adversely affect their physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction and cause irregular spikes in stress hormones. These conditions lead to abnormalities in hormone levels, particularly cortisol, which ultimately impair growth performances and reduce overall yield. Monitoring external stress biomarkers is therefore crucial, with cortisol being the most reliable indicator due to its central role in maintaining homeostasis and metabolic regulation. While antibody-based sensors often suffer from low stability, limited shelf life, and poor performance under harsh environment conditions, aptamer-based sensors offer a stable, modifiable, cost-effective alternative for cortisol sensing in aquaculture systems. This study proposes the development of a reagent-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensor designed to enable real-time cortisol monitoring. The sensor incorporates a cortisol-specific aptamer functionalized with amine and thiol groups and integrates a conductive hydrogel layer to serve as an antifouling material during real-sample analysis. Square wave voltammetry was employed to investigate the sensor kinetics and aptamer-cortisol interaction mechanism, achieving a linear concentration range of 0.03–300 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.014 ng/mL. The developed sensor was validated using fish blood samples and aquaculture water samples collected from different fish species includes, pearlspot fish (Etroplus suratensis) and milkfish (Chanos chanos). Futhermore, the sensor was calibrated under variable environmental conditions and demonstrated high sensitivity and reliability in cortisol detection, highlighting its suitability for dynamic aquaculture settings.
{"title":"Gold printed electrodes-based aptasensor towards point-of-site cortisol measurement in aquaculture","authors":"Jayasudha Velayutham , Aritra Bera , Muralidhar Moturi , Kailasam Muniyandi , Mathiyarasu Jayaraman , Pandiaraj Manickam","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture is widely adopted as a sustainable method for the breeding and rearing of aquatic species such as fish. However, the presence of external stressors, including pollution and contamination, can adversely affect their physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, reproduction and cause irregular spikes in stress hormones. These conditions lead to abnormalities in hormone levels, particularly cortisol, which ultimately impair growth performances and reduce overall yield. Monitoring external stress biomarkers is therefore crucial, with cortisol being the most reliable indicator due to its central role in maintaining homeostasis and metabolic regulation. While antibody-based sensors often suffer from low stability, limited shelf life, and poor performance under harsh environment conditions, aptamer-based sensors offer a stable, modifiable, cost-effective alternative for cortisol sensing in aquaculture systems. This study proposes the development of a reagent-free electrochemical aptamer-based sensor designed to enable real-time cortisol monitoring. The sensor incorporates a cortisol-specific aptamer functionalized with amine and thiol groups and integrates a conductive hydrogel layer to serve as an antifouling material during real-sample analysis. Square wave voltammetry was employed to investigate the sensor kinetics and aptamer-cortisol interaction mechanism, achieving a linear concentration range of 0.03–300 ng/mL and a detection limit of 0.014 ng/mL. The developed sensor was validated using fish blood samples and aquaculture water samples collected from different fish species includes, pearlspot fish (<em>Etroplus suratensis</em>) and milkfish (<em>Chanos chanos</em>). Futhermore, the sensor was calibrated under variable environmental conditions and demonstrated high sensitivity and reliability in cortisol detection, highlighting its suitability for dynamic aquaculture settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"555 ","pages":"Article 148362"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148378
Song Xie , Junxian He , Boyu Ren
External short circuit (ESC), often overlooked as a trigger of battery abuse, poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. This study systematically investigates the impact of ESC on the electrochemical performance and thermal safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries, providing key insights into degradation mechanisms and safety implications. Findings indicate that while ESC does not immediately induce thermal runaway (TR), prolonged ESC duration markedly accelerates temperature rise, capacity fade, and internal resistance growth. After ESC durations of 60 s, 90 s, and 120 s, the discharge capacity loss reaches 98.9 mAh, 1242.25 mAh, and 1643.28 mAh, respectively, while internal resistance increases from 0.50 mΩ to 0.81 mΩ. Extended ESC also intensifies lithium deposition and material degradation, leading to a decline in battery thermal safety. TR experiments reveal that ESC advances the onset of TR and lowers the peak surface temperature, which decreases from 241.8 °C to 209.4 °C in cells subjected to 120 s ESC. By integrating electrochemical and thermal parameters, a thermal safety evaluation model is developed, achieving an R² value above 0.9. This model enables accurate quantitative prediction of ESC effects on battery safety and supports enhanced safety management strategies for energy storage systems.
{"title":"Influence of external short circuit on the performance and safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries","authors":"Song Xie , Junxian He , Boyu Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>External short circuit (ESC), often overlooked as a trigger of battery abuse, poses a significant threat to the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries. This study systematically investigates the impact of ESC on the electrochemical performance and thermal safety of lithium iron phosphate batteries, providing key insights into degradation mechanisms and safety implications. Findings indicate that while ESC does not immediately induce thermal runaway (TR), prolonged ESC duration markedly accelerates temperature rise, capacity fade, and internal resistance growth. After ESC durations of 60 s, 90 s, and 120 s, the discharge capacity loss reaches 98.9 mAh, 1242.25 mAh, and 1643.28 mAh, respectively, while internal resistance increases from 0.50 mΩ to 0.81 mΩ. Extended ESC also intensifies lithium deposition and material degradation, leading to a decline in battery thermal safety. TR experiments reveal that ESC advances the onset of TR and lowers the peak surface temperature, which decreases from 241.8 °C to 209.4 °C in cells subjected to 120 s ESC. By integrating electrochemical and thermal parameters, a thermal safety evaluation model is developed, achieving an R² value above 0.9. This model enables accurate quantitative prediction of ESC effects on battery safety and supports enhanced safety management strategies for energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"555 ","pages":"Article 148378"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148374
Haiyan Wang, Dan Li, Weiwei Yu, Yu Liu, Jiajun Zhu, Wenxi Chen, Qianku Hu, Aiguo Zhou, Xusheng Li
Two-dimensional transition metal borides (MBenes) have garnered great attention in electrochemical energy storage, thanks to their unique layered structure, exceptional stability, high Young’s modulus, superior conductivity and prominent surface activity. Group VB elements V and Ta, with analogous electronic configurations and stable multivalence, yield superconducting compounds. Experimentally synthesized 2D materials suffer from functional groups and restacking, impairing conductivity and cyclability. Although O/S-modified MXenes are promising high-performance LIB electrodes, it remains unclear whether functionalized MBenes can similarly boost electrochemical performance. This work demonstrates that VBT and TaBT (T=bare, O, S, Se) exhibit excellent kinetic/thermodynamic stability and conductivity as electrodes. Based on the most stable Li adsorption sites, the Li-ion diffusion energy barriers are found to follow the order: VB (0.017 eV) < VBO (0.17 eV) < VBSe (0.21 eV) < VBS (0.23 eV); TaB (0.049 eV) < TaBO (0.21 eV) < TaBSe (0.25 eV) < TaBS (0.27 eV). With the progressive increase in the concentration of Li adsorbed on VBT and TaBT monolayers, the introduction of S and Se functional groups results in a negative open circuit voltage (OCV) during the adsorption process. In contrast, the introduction of O functional groups retains the maximum Li adsorption capacity, although the lithium storage capacity (345 mAh/g for VBO and 129 mAh/g for TaBO) is slightly lower than that of bare VB and TaB. Notably, the incorporation of the O functional group serves to modulate the voltage, thereby increasing the average OCV of VB from 0.72 V to 1.55 V, while decreasing the average OCV of TaB from 0.66 V to 0.62 V. This research offers novel insights into the exploration of suitable surface functional groups to improve the performance of anode materials in ion batteries.
{"title":"Theoretical investigation of VBT and TaBT (T=bare, O, S and Se) as electrode materials for Li-ion batteries","authors":"Haiyan Wang, Dan Li, Weiwei Yu, Yu Liu, Jiajun Zhu, Wenxi Chen, Qianku Hu, Aiguo Zhou, Xusheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148374","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional transition metal borides (MBenes) have garnered great attention in electrochemical energy storage, thanks to their unique layered structure, exceptional stability, high Young’s modulus, superior conductivity and prominent surface activity. Group VB elements V and Ta, with analogous electronic configurations and stable multivalence, yield superconducting compounds. Experimentally synthesized 2D materials suffer from functional groups and restacking, impairing conductivity and cyclability. Although O/S-modified MXenes are promising high-performance LIB electrodes, it remains unclear whether functionalized MBenes can similarly boost electrochemical performance. This work demonstrates that VBT and TaBT (T=bare, O, S, Se) exhibit excellent kinetic/thermodynamic stability and conductivity as electrodes. Based on the most stable Li adsorption sites, the Li-ion diffusion energy barriers are found to follow the order: VB (0.017 eV) < VBO (0.17 eV) < VBSe (0.21 eV) < VBS (0.23 eV); TaB (0.049 eV) < TaBO (0.21 eV) < TaBSe (0.25 eV) < TaBS (0.27 eV). With the progressive increase in the concentration of Li adsorbed on VBT and TaBT monolayers, the introduction of S and Se functional groups results in a negative open circuit voltage (OCV) during the adsorption process. In contrast, the introduction of O functional groups retains the maximum Li adsorption capacity, although the lithium storage capacity (345 mAh/g for VBO and 129 mAh/g for TaBO) is slightly lower than that of bare VB and TaB. Notably, the incorporation of the O functional group serves to modulate the voltage, thereby increasing the average OCV of VB from 0.72 V to 1.55 V, while decreasing the average OCV of TaB from 0.66 V to 0.62 V. This research offers novel insights into the exploration of suitable surface functional groups to improve the performance of anode materials in ion batteries.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148358
Soo Hwan Min, Jungyub Lee, Sangyoon Lee, Inkyu Sohn, Tatsuya Nakazawa, Jaehyeok Kim, Dain Shin, Yusuke Ohshima, Seung-min Chung, Hyungjun Kim
Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a sustainable energy carrier for mitigating environmental challenges associated with fossil fuels. Electrochemical water splitting, particularly via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), enables carbon-free hydrogen production. Platinum (Pt) is the benchmark HER catalyst owing to its outstanding activity. However, its high cost and scarcity hinder large-scale applications, underscoring the need for efficient and economical alternatives. Transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS₂, offer high surface-to-volume ratios and abundant edge sites but their catalytic performance remains inferior to that of Pt. Herein, we demonstrate a fully ALD-based strategy—ALD growth of vertically oriented MoS₂ nanosheets on graphite foil followed by ALD deposition of Pt nanoparticles (cycle-controlled). ALD enables atomic-scale control and conformal functionalization of Pt on MoS₂ grown on graphite foil substrates, where structural and chemical characterizations using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicate Pt functionalization and controlled growth. Electrochemical measurements show that Pt-functionalized MoS₂ exhibits substantially enhanced HER activity, achieving lower overpotentials and reduced Tafel slopes compared to pristine MoS₂. This work highlights a fully ALD-based and cycle-resolved fabrication approach—ALD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets followed by ALD Pt deposition—enabling reproducible control of morphology and Pt chemical-state evolution, while scalability is discussed based on the inherent characteristics of ALD rather than being experimentally demonstrated in the present study.
{"title":"Noble-metal-functionalized MoS₂ Catalysts Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction","authors":"Soo Hwan Min, Jungyub Lee, Sangyoon Lee, Inkyu Sohn, Tatsuya Nakazawa, Jaehyeok Kim, Dain Shin, Yusuke Ohshima, Seung-min Chung, Hyungjun Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148358","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a sustainable energy carrier for mitigating environmental challenges associated with fossil fuels. Electrochemical water splitting, particularly via the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), enables carbon-free hydrogen production. Platinum (Pt) is the benchmark HER catalyst owing to its outstanding activity. However, its high cost and scarcity hinder large-scale applications, underscoring the need for efficient and economical alternatives. Transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS₂, offer high surface-to-volume ratios and abundant edge sites but their catalytic performance remains inferior to that of Pt. Herein, we demonstrate a fully ALD-based strategy—ALD growth of vertically oriented MoS₂ nanosheets on graphite foil followed by ALD deposition of Pt nanoparticles (cycle-controlled). ALD enables atomic-scale control and conformal functionalization of Pt on MoS₂ grown on graphite foil substrates, where structural and chemical characterizations using Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicate Pt functionalization and controlled growth. Electrochemical measurements show that Pt-functionalized MoS₂ exhibits substantially enhanced HER activity, achieving lower overpotentials and reduced Tafel slopes compared to pristine MoS₂. This work highlights a fully ALD-based and cycle-resolved fabrication approach—ALD-grown MoS₂ nanosheets followed by ALD Pt deposition—enabling reproducible control of morphology and Pt chemical-state evolution, while scalability is discussed based on the inherent characteristics of ALD rather than being experimentally demonstrated in the present study.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148355
Ahmet Cetinkaya , Ensar Piskin , Leena Regi Saleth , M. Altay Unal , Acelya Yılmazer , Esen Bellur Atici , Sanjiv Dhingra , Sibel A. Ozkan
Vericiguat (VER) is an innovative orally administered pharmacological agent that directly activates the enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). This compound was developed for the treatment of individuals with symptomatic chronic heart failure and is prescribed to reduce mortality, minimize heart failure-related hospitalizations, and reduce the need for outpatient intravenous (IV) diuretics. This study aimed to develop a nanomaterial-supported, porous, and functional sensor interface using molecular imprinting to enable selective, sensitive, and reliable detection of the VER. For this purpose, the sensor platform was synthesized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via photopolymerization, with the target analyte VER as a template molecule and 3-aminophenyl boronic acid (3-APBA) as a functional monomer. The photopolymerization (PP) process enabled the formation of a three-dimensional polymer matrix with selective recognition sites, thereby creating cavities tailored to the unique chemical and structural properties of the VER molecule. Titanium carbide MXene quantum dots (Ti₃C₂ MQDS) integrated onto the electrode surface also increased the electroactive surface area of the sensor, facilitating electron transfer and significantly improving overall sensor performance (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability). The surface of the developed VER/3-APBA@Ti₃C₂ MQDS/MIP-GCE sensor was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These measurements were carried out indirectly in a 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)6]3–/4– solution. For both standard and commercial serum samples, the computed limits of detection (LODs) were 4.38 × 10−13 M and 4.67 × 10−14 M, respectively. The recovery values for the MIP-based sensors ranged from 99.43% to 101.22% for commercial serum samples. The sensor's selectivity for VER was validated by the relative k' values obtained from the imprinting factor (k) analysis of a few drugs that are structurally similar to VER. Computations using density functional theory were employed to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between the template and the functional monomer. Moreover, the greenness metric of the developed sensor, calculated using green chemistry approaches, was achieved through a production method that utilizes environmentally friendly solvents, requires low energy, and minimizes waste generation.
{"title":"Next-generation electrochemical sensing of vericiguat at ultra-trace levels using mxene-supported molecularly imprinted polymer nanohybrid platform","authors":"Ahmet Cetinkaya , Ensar Piskin , Leena Regi Saleth , M. Altay Unal , Acelya Yılmazer , Esen Bellur Atici , Sanjiv Dhingra , Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vericiguat (VER) is an innovative orally administered pharmacological agent that directly activates the enzyme soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). This compound was developed for the treatment of individuals with symptomatic chronic heart failure and is prescribed to reduce mortality, minimize heart failure-related hospitalizations, and reduce the need for outpatient intravenous (IV) diuretics. This study aimed to develop a nanomaterial-supported, porous, and functional sensor interface using molecular imprinting to enable selective, sensitive, and reliable detection of the VER. For this purpose, the sensor platform was synthesized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via photopolymerization, with the target analyte VER as a template molecule and 3-aminophenyl boronic acid (3-APBA) as a functional monomer. The photopolymerization (PP) process enabled the formation of a three-dimensional polymer matrix with selective recognition sites, thereby creating cavities tailored to the unique chemical and structural properties of the VER molecule. Titanium carbide MXene quantum dots (Ti₃C₂ MQDS) integrated onto the electrode surface also increased the electroactive surface area of the sensor, facilitating electron transfer and significantly improving overall sensor performance (sensitivity, selectivity, and stability). The surface of the developed VER/3-APBA@Ti₃C₂ MQDS/MIP-GCE sensor was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its electrochemical properties were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). These measurements were carried out indirectly in a 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3–/4–</sup> solution. For both standard and commercial serum samples, the computed limits of detection (LODs) were 4.38 × 10<sup>−13</sup> M and 4.67 × 10<sup>−14</sup> M, respectively. The recovery values for the MIP-based sensors ranged from 99.43% to 101.22% for commercial serum samples. The sensor's selectivity for VER was validated by the relative k' values obtained from the imprinting factor (k) analysis of a few drugs that are structurally similar to VER. Computations using density functional theory were employed to gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between the template and the functional monomer. Moreover, the greenness metric of the developed sensor, calculated using green chemistry approaches, was achieved through a production method that utilizes environmentally friendly solvents, requires low energy, and minimizes waste generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"555 ","pages":"Article 148355"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148359
Nina Plankensteiner, Anupam Ruturaj Tripathy, Tibor Kuna, Philippe M. Vereecken
{"title":"Deterministically designed regular Ag nanopatterns as co-catalysts on Cu to elucidate the role of Ag-Cu contact interface in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction","authors":"Nina Plankensteiner, Anupam Ruturaj Tripathy, Tibor Kuna, Philippe M. Vereecken","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146109844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148353
Martin Šefčík, Ghazaleh Kholafazadehastamal, Thomas Peeters, Jan Fischer, Anna Kubíčková, Clive E. Hall, Josephus G. Buijnsters, Simona Baluchová
Venlafaxine (VF) and its active metabolite desvenlafaxine (DVF) are widely prescribed antidepressants that are only partially metabolized and excreted in significant amounts, making them clinically important analytes and environmentally relevant contaminants. In this study, a free-standing boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is exploited in a dual role for the electrochemical detection and degradation of VF and DVF, integrated into a custom 3D-printed dual-function electrochemical cell. The nucleation (BDDNS) and growth (BDDGS) sides of the BDD plate were systematically compared under different surface terminations. Oxidized BDDNS (O-BDDNS) provided three well-resolved oxidation peaks for VF, whereas hydrogen-terminated BDDNS (H-BDDNS) yielded a single distinct peak for DVF in 0.1 M H2SO4. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) methods were developed with limits of detection of 0.35 µM for VF (peak 1) and 0.34 µM for DVF and wide linear ranges in the low-to-high micromolar region. By exploiting the different surface-termination preferences and multi-peak behaviour of VF, simultaneous determination of VF and DVF was achieved. The methods showed good selectivity toward common interferents and were successfully applied to spiked river water and pharmaceutical capsules using the standard addition approach, giving recoveries close to 100%. In the 3D-printed cell, BDDGS was used for electrochemical advanced oxidation, achieving ∼97% degradation of 1 mM VF and DVF in 0.1 M H2SO4 within 20 min under galvanostatic conditions, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. In situ DPV on BDDNS enabled real-time monitoring of VF decay, demonstrating an integrated detect-and-degrade platform based on BDD and additive manufacturing.
文拉法辛（VF）及其活性代谢物去文拉法辛（DVF）是广泛使用的抗抑郁药，仅部分代谢并大量排出，使其成为临床重要分析物和环境相关污染物。在这项研究中，一个独立的掺硼金刚石（BDD）电极被用于VF和DVF的电化学检测和降解的双重作用，集成到一个定制的3d打印双功能电化学电池中。系统比较了不同表面末端条件下BDD板的成核（BDDNS）面和生长（BDDGS）面。氧化BDDNS （O-BDDNS）在0.1 M H2SO4中产生了三个清晰的VF氧化峰，而端氢BDDNS （H-BDDNS）在0.1 M H2SO4中产生了一个清晰的DVF氧化峰。差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）的检测限分别为VF（峰1）0.35µM和DVF（峰1）0.34µM，在低至高微摩尔区域线性范围宽。利用VF的不同表面终止偏好和多峰行为，实现了VF和DVF的同时测定。该方法对常见干扰物具有良好的选择性，并成功地应用于加样河水和药物胶囊中，加样回收率接近100%。在3d打印电池中，BDDGS被用于电化学高级氧化，在0.1 M H2SO4中，在恒流条件下，按照准一级动力学，在20分钟内实现了1 mM VF和DVF的~ 97%降解。BDDNS上的原位DPV能够实时监测VF衰减，展示了基于BDD和增材制造的集成检测和降解平台。
{"title":"3D-printed electrochemical cell for both detection and degradation of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine with boron-doped diamond electrode","authors":"Martin Šefčík, Ghazaleh Kholafazadehastamal, Thomas Peeters, Jan Fischer, Anna Kubíčková, Clive E. Hall, Josephus G. Buijnsters, Simona Baluchová","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148353","url":null,"abstract":"Venlafaxine (VF) and its active metabolite desvenlafaxine (DVF) are widely prescribed antidepressants that are only partially metabolized and excreted in significant amounts, making them clinically important analytes and environmentally relevant contaminants. In this study, a free-standing boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode is exploited in a dual role for the electrochemical detection and degradation of VF and DVF, integrated into a custom 3D-printed dual-function electrochemical cell. The nucleation (BDD<sub>NS</sub>) and growth (BDD<sub>GS</sub>) sides of the BDD plate were systematically compared under different surface terminations. Oxidized BDD<sub>NS</sub> (O-BDD<sub>NS</sub>) provided three well-resolved oxidation peaks for VF, whereas hydrogen-terminated BDD<sub>NS</sub> (H-BDD<sub>NS</sub>) yielded a single distinct peak for DVF in 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) methods were developed with limits of detection of 0.35 µM for VF (peak 1) and 0.34 µM for DVF and wide linear ranges in the low-to-high micromolar region. By exploiting the different surface-termination preferences and multi-peak behaviour of VF, simultaneous determination of VF and DVF was achieved. The methods showed good selectivity toward common interferents and were successfully applied to spiked river water and pharmaceutical capsules using the standard addition approach, giving recoveries close to 100%. In the 3D-printed cell, BDD<sub>GS</sub> was used for electrochemical advanced oxidation, achieving ∼97% degradation of 1 mM VF and DVF in 0.1 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> within 20 min under galvanostatic conditions, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. <em>In situ</em> DPV on BDD<sub>NS</sub> enabled real-time monitoring of VF decay, demonstrating an integrated detect-and-degrade platform based on BDD and additive manufacturing.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148351
Ana C.M. Oliveira, Raquel G. Rocha, Mariana C. Marra, Agata Rodak, Mateusz Cieślik, Robert D. Crapnell, Craig E. Banks, Jacek Ryl, Rodrigo A.A. Muñoz
This work investigates the influence of diamondized nanocarbon (DNC) surface charge on the performance of 3D-printed CB/PLA electrodes for paracetamol detection. Three filaments were prepared by the thermal method, incorporating DNCs with different zeta potentials, one positive (+20 mV) and two negative (-30 mV and -45 mV). Surface characterization by XPS and Raman spectroscopy revealed that DNC charge affects dispersion, polymer coverage, and the exposure of carbon black domains, whereas SEM images showed that positively charged DNCs tend to aggregate, whereas negatively charged DNCs remain well-dispersed. Contact angle measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity for electrodes containing negatively charged DNCs. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated lower charge-transfer resistance and superior current response for these electrodes, with an extended linear range and improved detection limits for paracetamol (∼1.5 times higher than positively charged DNCs). Overall, the results highlight that the DNC zeta potential is a key parameter for optimizing 3D-printed electrodes, providing a simple, low-cost strategy for the fabrication of portable and high-performance electrochemical sensors. Importantly, this is the first report demonstrating that DNC zeta potential significantly influences filament synthesis for electrochemical applications, opening new opportunities for the incorporation of various nanoparticles into filament composite.
{"title":"Tuning electrochemical properties of 3D-printed PLA/carbon black electrodes via diamondized nanocarbon functionalization","authors":"Ana C.M. Oliveira, Raquel G. Rocha, Mariana C. Marra, Agata Rodak, Mateusz Cieślik, Robert D. Crapnell, Craig E. Banks, Jacek Ryl, Rodrigo A.A. Muñoz","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148351","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the influence of diamondized nanocarbon (DNC) surface charge on the performance of 3D-printed CB/PLA electrodes for paracetamol detection. Three filaments were prepared by the thermal method, incorporating DNCs with different zeta potentials, one positive (+20 mV) and two negative (-30 mV and -45 mV). Surface characterization by XPS and Raman spectroscopy revealed that DNC charge affects dispersion, polymer coverage, and the exposure of carbon black domains, whereas SEM images showed that positively charged DNCs tend to aggregate, whereas negatively charged DNCs remain well-dispersed. Contact angle measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity for electrodes containing negatively charged DNCs. Electrochemical analysis demonstrated lower charge-transfer resistance and superior current response for these electrodes, with an extended linear range and improved detection limits for paracetamol (∼1.5 times higher than positively charged DNCs). Overall, the results highlight that the DNC zeta potential is a key parameter for optimizing 3D-printed electrodes, providing a simple, low-cost strategy for the fabrication of portable and high-performance electrochemical sensors. Importantly, this is the first report demonstrating that DNC zeta potential significantly influences filament synthesis for electrochemical applications, opening new opportunities for the incorporation of various nanoparticles into filament composite.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148354
Chiara Iannace, Simone Ciampi
Electrochemical processes at gas–liquid interfaces remain largely unexplored, despite the ubiquity and functional importance of bubbles in both natural systems as well as in analytical, separation, and purification technologies. Impedance measurements of electrode–bubble junctions demonstrate that a stable nanoscale liquid film persists between a nitrogen bubble and a platinum ultramicroelectrode. This aqueous disjoining film has an unexpectedly high ionic conductivity, which further increases with increasing bubble deformation. The efficiency of ionic transport within this confined liquid pocket is ion-specific and linked to the ability of electrolyte ions, principally anions, to accumulate at the air–water interface. The presence of surface ions and mechanical stiffening of the bubble, as it deforms under the pressure of the electrode, modulate the junction’s resistance, while its capacitance is influenced by the electrostatics of overlapping anionic clouds on the bubble with the positive charge of the electrode. Electrochemiluminescence imaging data confirm sustained charge transfer across the junction, which indicate effective solution bulk-to-confined film mass transport. Our findings establish gas bubble–metal junctions as a new electrochemical platform, and help advance the understanding of bubbles as chemically active entities rather than passive insulating voids.
{"title":"Pressure and Electrolyte-Modulated Ionic Conductivity of Bubble–Electrode Junctions","authors":"Chiara Iannace, Simone Ciampi","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148354","url":null,"abstract":"Electrochemical processes at gas–liquid interfaces remain largely unexplored, despite the ubiquity and functional importance of bubbles in both natural systems as well as in analytical, separation, and purification technologies. Impedance measurements of electrode–bubble junctions demonstrate that a stable nanoscale liquid film persists between a nitrogen bubble and a platinum ultramicroelectrode. This aqueous disjoining film has an unexpectedly high ionic conductivity, which further increases with increasing bubble deformation. The efficiency of ionic transport within this confined liquid pocket is ion-specific and linked to the ability of electrolyte ions, principally anions, to accumulate at the air–water interface. The presence of surface ions and mechanical stiffening of the bubble, as it deforms under the pressure of the electrode, modulate the junction’s resistance, while its capacitance is influenced by the electrostatics of overlapping anionic clouds on the bubble with the positive charge of the electrode. Electrochemiluminescence imaging data confirm sustained charge transfer across the junction, which indicate effective solution bulk-to-confined film mass transport. Our findings establish gas bubble–metal junctions as a new electrochemical platform, and help advance the understanding of bubbles as chemically active entities rather than passive insulating voids.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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