This study presents the development and optimization of a catalytic ink using biochar (BC) as a cathodic electrode material for green hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). BC, derived from biomass conversion residues, was utilized as a porous support for transition metal catalysts, specifically nickel and molybdenum. The resulting Ni-BCNiMo composite demonstrated enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance for HER, achieving an overpotential of -95 mV at a current density of -10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of -112 mV dec⁻¹. The chronopotentiometry confirms stability over a period of 24 h at a current density of -400 mA cm−2, which indicates efficient HER kinetics. A central composite design was applied to optimize the ink formulation and the experimental conditions, yielding a high correlation with experimental data (adjusted R² = 89%). These findings suggest that BC, when properly engineered, can serve as a cost-effective, high-performance alternative to conventional carbon materials, supporting the development of scalable, and sustainable technologies for green hydrogen generation.
研究了以生物炭（BC）为阴极电极材料，通过析氢反应（HER）实现绿色制氢的催化墨水的开发与优化。从生物质转化残渣中提取的BC被用作过渡金属催化剂的多孔载体，特别是镍和钼。所得到的Ni-BCNiMo复合材料证明了HER电催化性能的增强，在电流密度为-10 mA cm -⁻²的情况下实现了-95 mV的过电位和-112 mV dec -⁻¹的塔菲尔斜率。时间电位测定证实了在-400 mA cm - 2电流密度下24小时内的稳定性，这表明了高效的HER动力学。采用中心复合设计优化油墨配方和实验条件，与实验数据有较高的相关性（调整后R² = 89%）。这些发现表明，如果设计得当，BC可以作为传统碳材料的成本效益高，高性能的替代品，支持可扩展和可持续的绿色制氢技术的发展。
{"title":"Development and optimization of a biochar-based/Ni-Mo catalyst as efficient cathode electrode to produce hydrogen by alkaline electrolysis","authors":"Hillary Henao-toro, Santiago Cartagena Ocampo, Jorge Andrés Calderón Gutiérrez, Edwin Chica, Ainhoa Rubio-Clemente","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148401","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the development and optimization of a catalytic ink using biochar (BC) as a cathodic electrode material for green hydrogen production through the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). BC, derived from biomass conversion residues, was utilized as a porous support for transition metal catalysts, specifically nickel and molybdenum. The resulting Ni-BCNiMo composite demonstrated enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance for HER, achieving an overpotential of -95 mV at a current density of -10 mA cm⁻² and a Tafel slope of -112 mV dec⁻¹. The chronopotentiometry confirms stability over a period of 24 h at a current density of -400 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, which indicates efficient HER kinetics. A central composite design was applied to optimize the ink formulation and the experimental conditions, yielding a high correlation with experimental data (adjusted R² = 89%). These findings suggest that BC, when properly engineered, can serve as a cost-effective, high-performance alternative to conventional carbon materials, supporting the development of scalable, and sustainable technologies for green hydrogen generation.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148381
Juan Wei, Jin-Tao Cheng, Min Luo, Xi Wang, Xiao-Yu Xie, Xian Wu, Wei Shen, Pang-Da Dai, Zong-Yin Song, Meng Yang
{"title":"Highly sensitive electroanalysis of Pb(II) in Chinese herbal medicine by the activated Co site and electron transfer medium S over Co9S8@MoS2 heterostructures","authors":"Juan Wei, Jin-Tao Cheng, Min Luo, Xi Wang, Xiao-Yu Xie, Xian Wu, Wei Shen, Pang-Da Dai, Zong-Yin Song, Meng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148381","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148391
Jiabao Li, Xinwei Zhang, Hongxia Li
The accumulation of bubbles on the electrode surface can block the active catalytic sites, hindering the transmission of ions and electrolytes, thereby limiting the achievable current density. Inspired by fish scales and petals, this study designed a biomimetic electrode with multi-scale bubble management capabilities. By combining topological electrode design with surface modification of nanostructures, this electrode can facilitate the rapid detachment and directional transport of bubbles, effectively guiding the bubbles to leave along the preset path, thereby alleviating the adverse effects caused by bubble coverage. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the biomimetic electrode significantly reduces the average bubble size by 47%, enhances bubble detachment frequency, and induces a distinct upward asymmetric bubble distribution on both sides of the electrode. These enhanced bubble management characteristics enable the biomimetic electrode to achieve approximately a 33.4% reduction in hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential at a current density of 100 mA·cm-² relative to the non-structured electrode. The proposed multi-scale collaborative bubble management strategy provides valuable insights into improving mass transfer and reaction kinetics in solid-liquid-gas three-phase electrochemical systems. The findings offer an important reference framework for the design of electrochemical electrodes involving gas evolution.
{"title":"Multi-scale bubble regulation of biomimetic electrodes derived from fish scales and petals for enhanced electrolytic water splitting","authors":"Jiabao Li, Xinwei Zhang, Hongxia Li","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148391","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of bubbles on the electrode surface can block the active catalytic sites, hindering the transmission of ions and electrolytes, thereby limiting the achievable current density. Inspired by fish scales and petals, this study designed a biomimetic electrode with multi-scale bubble management capabilities. By combining topological electrode design with surface modification of nanostructures, this electrode can facilitate the rapid detachment and directional transport of bubbles, effectively guiding the bubbles to leave along the preset path, thereby alleviating the adverse effects caused by bubble coverage. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the biomimetic electrode significantly reduces the average bubble size by 47%, enhances bubble detachment frequency, and induces a distinct upward asymmetric bubble distribution on both sides of the electrode. These enhanced bubble management characteristics enable the biomimetic electrode to achieve approximately a 33.4% reduction in hydrogen evolution reaction overpotential at a current density of 100 mA·cm<sup>-</sup>² relative to the non-structured electrode. The proposed multi-scale collaborative bubble management strategy provides valuable insights into improving mass transfer and reaction kinetics in solid-liquid-gas three-phase electrochemical systems. The findings offer an important reference framework for the design of electrochemical electrodes involving gas evolution.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"159 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148379
Yuan Li , Jing-Xuan Nie , Hua Li , Jing-yan Bai , Zhi-an Xue
Lithium plating poses a critical challenge for next-generation fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, particularly under low-temperature operations and aggressive charging protocols. The parasitic phenomenon not only accelerates capacity degradation but also triggers hazardous Li-dendrite propagation, creating an irreconcilable conflict between charging speed and battery safety. To address this long-standing detection challenge, we present a non-invasive impedance spectroscopy technique employing a hybrid excitation protocol that integrates square wave-current stimulation with dynamic voltage response analysis. The key feature lies in developing a Complex Morlet Wavelet Transform (CMWT)-based impedance calculation framework that achieves real-time phase-resolved decomposition of electrochemical signatures during active charging cycles. Through systematic electrochemical model interpretation and multi-physics validation, we reveal a characteristic frequency-domain signature: characteristic depression of impedance real-part magnitude at 0.5 Hz exhibits strong correlation with lithium plating onset. The robustness of this method has been validated through various operational experiments, demonstrating exceptional accuracy with an estimation error of less than 4 % compared to conventional impedance measurement system. Moreover, comparative studies with conventional voltage relaxation profile (VRP) methods demonstrate 98 % faster detection capability and 8 % improvement in early-stage identification accuracy. The work establishes a practical framework for battery health monitoring by bridging the gap between electrochemical dynamics and BMS implementation, providing critical insights for developing adaptive fast-charging strategies with inherent safety assurance.
{"title":"Real-time lithium plating detection in fast-charging Li-ion batteries via a hybrid impedance spectroscopy framework","authors":"Yuan Li , Jing-Xuan Nie , Hua Li , Jing-yan Bai , Zhi-an Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium plating poses a critical challenge for next-generation fast-charging lithium-ion batteries, particularly under low-temperature operations and aggressive charging protocols. The parasitic phenomenon not only accelerates capacity degradation but also triggers hazardous Li-dendrite propagation, creating an irreconcilable conflict between charging speed and battery safety. To address this long-standing detection challenge, we present a non-invasive impedance spectroscopy technique employing a hybrid excitation protocol that integrates square wave-current stimulation with dynamic voltage response analysis. The key feature lies in developing a Complex Morlet Wavelet Transform (CMWT)-based impedance calculation framework that achieves real-time phase-resolved decomposition of electrochemical signatures during active charging cycles. Through systematic electrochemical model interpretation and multi-physics validation, we reveal a characteristic frequency-domain signature: characteristic depression of impedance real-part magnitude at 0.5 Hz exhibits strong correlation with lithium plating onset. The robustness of this method has been validated through various operational experiments, demonstrating exceptional accuracy with an estimation error of less than 4 % compared to conventional impedance measurement system. Moreover, comparative studies with conventional voltage relaxation profile (VRP) methods demonstrate 98 % faster detection capability and 8 % improvement in early-stage identification accuracy. The work establishes a practical framework for battery health monitoring by bridging the gap between electrochemical dynamics and BMS implementation, providing critical insights for developing adaptive fast-charging strategies with inherent safety assurance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"555 ","pages":"Article 148379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a key focus in next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density, high power density, and superior safety performance. However, the significant volume expansion of Si-based anodes during charging and discharging severely restricts their commercial application, and the internal electrochemical-mechanical coupling mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study develops a multiphysics coupling model for Si-based ASSBs based on a three-dimensional heterogeneous electrode structure, integrating electrochemical kinetics, lithium-ion diffusion, and mechanical deformation. The electrode microstructure is reconstructed using X-ray tomography data, and simulated voltage profiles during charge and discharge are validated against experimental results. Results reveal that lithium-ion concentration, strain, and stress distribute nonuniformly within the electrode. The effects of C-rates and solid electrolyte conductivity on battery performance are systematically investigated. High C-rates and low electrolyte conductivity exacerbate concentration gradients and mechanical stress within the electrode, resulting in capacity decay and an increased risk of mechanical failure. This study provides a theoretical foundation and simulation framework for the design of reliable and robust Si-based ASSBs.
{"title":"Three-dimensional electrochemical-mechanical coupled modeling and performance evaluation of Si-based all-solid-state batteries with heterogeneous structure","authors":"Jing Wu, Yihan Liu, Xiaotong Wang, Wenjing Zhang, Chunhao Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2026.148380","url":null,"abstract":"All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as a key focus in next-generation energy storage technologies due to their high energy density, high power density, and superior safety performance. However, the significant volume expansion of Si-based anodes during charging and discharging severely restricts their commercial application, and the internal electrochemical-mechanical coupling mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study develops a multiphysics coupling model for Si-based ASSBs based on a three-dimensional heterogeneous electrode structure, integrating electrochemical kinetics, lithium-ion diffusion, and mechanical deformation. The electrode microstructure is reconstructed using X-ray tomography data, and simulated voltage profiles during charge and discharge are validated against experimental results. Results reveal that lithium-ion concentration, strain, and stress distribute nonuniformly within the electrode. The effects of C-rates and solid electrolyte conductivity on battery performance are systematically investigated. High C-rates and low electrolyte conductivity exacerbate concentration gradients and mechanical stress within the electrode, resulting in capacity decay and an increased risk of mechanical failure. This study provides a theoretical foundation and simulation framework for the design of reliable and robust Si-based ASSBs.","PeriodicalId":305,"journal":{"name":"Electrochimica Acta","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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