Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000325
Nicholas Aderinto, G. Olatunji, Irumudomon Jessy Grantay
Significant strides have been made in malaria control and elimination efforts in the United States. Over the years, concerted efforts were made to combat the disease, including establishing Malaria Control inWarAreas in 1942, which targetedmalaria control in the Southern United States and its territories. These efforts proved successful, and in 1951 malaria was eliminated in the United States. However, recent developments have raised concerns about the resurgence of malaria. Despite the previous success, there have been isolated malaria outbreaks in the United States in 2003 and 2023. An outbreak in Palm Beach County, Florida, initially suggested local transmission, but it was later determined to be imported cases. The most recent cases reported in Florida and Texas have triggered alarms regarding the potential for a resurgence. Recognizing the potential risks, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Health Alert Network Health Advisory. The advisory emphasized the importance of identifying locally acquired cases and the potential increase in imported malaria associated with international travel. These recent cases serve as a wake-up call for the United States and other malariafree countries, urging them to increase their vigilance in preventing the reemergence of the disease. Strengthening surveillance efforts to address the current situation and prevent a major public health crisis is crucial. This paper aims to analyze the situation, identify contributing factors to the recent cases, and provide recommendations for enhancing surveillance. By doing so, the goal is to prevent a potential resurgence of malaria and prompt other malaria-free countries to reinforce their vigilance against the disease. Overview of the recent malaria cases in the United States
{"title":"The resurgence of malaria in the United States: analyzing recent cases and strengthening surveillance and prevention measures","authors":"Nicholas Aderinto, G. Olatunji, Irumudomon Jessy Grantay","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000325","url":null,"abstract":"Significant strides have been made in malaria control and elimination efforts in the United States. Over the years, concerted efforts were made to combat the disease, including establishing Malaria Control inWarAreas in 1942, which targetedmalaria control in the Southern United States and its territories. These efforts proved successful, and in 1951 malaria was eliminated in the United States. However, recent developments have raised concerns about the resurgence of malaria. Despite the previous success, there have been isolated malaria outbreaks in the United States in 2003 and 2023. An outbreak in Palm Beach County, Florida, initially suggested local transmission, but it was later determined to be imported cases. The most recent cases reported in Florida and Texas have triggered alarms regarding the potential for a resurgence. Recognizing the potential risks, the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention issued a Health Alert Network Health Advisory. The advisory emphasized the importance of identifying locally acquired cases and the potential increase in imported malaria associated with international travel. These recent cases serve as a wake-up call for the United States and other malariafree countries, urging them to increase their vigilance in preventing the reemergence of the disease. Strengthening surveillance efforts to address the current situation and prevent a major public health crisis is crucial. This paper aims to analyze the situation, identify contributing factors to the recent cases, and provide recommendations for enhancing surveillance. By doing so, the goal is to prevent a potential resurgence of malaria and prompt other malaria-free countries to reinforce their vigilance against the disease. Overview of the recent malaria cases in the United States","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125309496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000324
Nicholas Aderinto, G. Olatunji
Epidural anesthesia-related meningitis outbreaks are a rare but significant concern within medical settings. These outbreaks can occur due to various factors, such as contaminated medication, breaches in aseptic technique, immune compromise, prolonged catheterization, and inadequate disinfection practices. In a systematic review conducted by researchers, 234 reported cases of septic meningitis were examined, comprising 22 epidemiological studies and 71 case-report articles. Among these cases, 10 involved mixed neuraxial anesthesia, 25 were associated with epidural anesthesia, and 199 were linked to spinal anesthesia. In particular, the researchers identified a prevalent risk factor: the absence of surgical mask use during surgeries, accounting for 41 cases (16.7%). This correspondence focuses on a recent fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Mexico. By examining this case, we aim to emphasize the importance of stringent protocols, proper aseptic techniques, equipment sterilization, and patient monitoring to minimize infection risks and ensure patient well-being. The analysis will encompass the outbreak’s origin, consequences, and challenges, providing expert insights and evidence-based recommendations for prevention and mitigation. In addition, it will underscore the importance of early detection, surveillance, and adequate preparation measures. Ultimately, this correspondence delves into the importance of ensuring patient safety, explores the factors contributing to meningitis outbreaks, and highlights valuable lessons that can be derived from the Mexican context.
{"title":"Ensuring patient safety: addressing meningitis outbreaks linked to epidural anesthesia; lessons from Mexico","authors":"Nicholas Aderinto, G. Olatunji","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000324","url":null,"abstract":"Epidural anesthesia-related meningitis outbreaks are a rare but significant concern within medical settings. These outbreaks can occur due to various factors, such as contaminated medication, breaches in aseptic technique, immune compromise, prolonged catheterization, and inadequate disinfection practices. In a systematic review conducted by researchers, 234 reported cases of septic meningitis were examined, comprising 22 epidemiological studies and 71 case-report articles. Among these cases, 10 involved mixed neuraxial anesthesia, 25 were associated with epidural anesthesia, and 199 were linked to spinal anesthesia. In particular, the researchers identified a prevalent risk factor: the absence of surgical mask use during surgeries, accounting for 41 cases (16.7%). This correspondence focuses on a recent fungal meningitis outbreak in Matamoros, Mexico. By examining this case, we aim to emphasize the importance of stringent protocols, proper aseptic techniques, equipment sterilization, and patient monitoring to minimize infection risks and ensure patient well-being. The analysis will encompass the outbreak’s origin, consequences, and challenges, providing expert insights and evidence-based recommendations for prevention and mitigation. In addition, it will underscore the importance of early detection, surveillance, and adequate preparation measures. Ultimately, this correspondence delves into the importance of ensuring patient safety, explores the factors contributing to meningitis outbreaks, and highlights valuable lessons that can be derived from the Mexican context.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122450290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000257
Bikona Ghosh, D. Sánchez-Velazco, Parvati Prem, Anam S Ali, Olivia Dominique, Shahtaj A Shah, Luis Morales Ojeda, Dinali Obeysekera
Burn injuries in the United States result in 1.1 million hospital admissions, with around 4500 deaths annually, according to the CDC. Although skin grafts have been the standard treatment since 1869, recent research suggests that tilapia skin could offer a safer and more effective alternative. This review aims to assess the strengths and knowledge gaps related to the usage of fish skin in burn patients. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar, using relevant MESH keywords from 2018 to 2022. The search and analysis followed the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis” methodology. Data extraction utilized a template based on the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review group’s extraction guidelines. Out of 166 studies identified, 12 relevant studies were extensively analyzed. The trials consistently demonstrated accelerated reepithelialization, improved patient compliance in managing burn-related pain, no immunologic or allergic reactions, reduced infection rates, shorter hospital stays, and decreased treatment costs when using fish skin. These findings suggest that fish skin is comparable to traditional treatments in terms of effectiveness and safety. Considering the discussed advantages, Nile tilapia fish skin emerges as a promising xenograft option for burn victims. However, further large-scale trials and studies are needed before its widespread and official implementation in burn centers. More research is required to establish the efficacy and safety of fish skin as a viable treatment modality.
根据美国疾病控制与预防中心的数据，美国每年有110万人因烧伤入院，约4500人死亡。尽管自1869年以来，皮肤移植一直是标准的治疗方法，但最近的研究表明，罗非鱼皮肤可以提供一种更安全、更有效的替代方法。本综述旨在评估与烧伤患者使用鱼皮相关的优势和知识差距。系统检索PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Clinicaltrials.gov、Google Scholar等电子数据库，使用2018 - 2022年相关MESH关键词进行检索。搜索和分析遵循“系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目”方法。数据提取使用了基于Cochrane消费者与沟通评估小组提取指南的模板。在确定的166项研究中，对12项相关研究进行了广泛分析。试验一致表明，使用鱼皮可加速表皮再生，提高患者对烧伤相关疼痛的依从性，无免疫或过敏反应，降低感染率，缩短住院时间，降低治疗费用。这些发现表明，鱼皮在有效性和安全性方面与传统疗法相当。考虑到所讨论的优点，尼罗罗非鱼鱼皮成为烧伤患者有前途的异种移植选择。然而，在烧伤中心广泛和正式实施之前，还需要进一步的大规模试验和研究。需要更多的研究来确定鱼皮作为一种可行的治疗方式的有效性和安全性。
{"title":"Use of Nile tilapia fish skin in treatment for burn victims","authors":"Bikona Ghosh, D. Sánchez-Velazco, Parvati Prem, Anam S Ali, Olivia Dominique, Shahtaj A Shah, Luis Morales Ojeda, Dinali Obeysekera","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000257","url":null,"abstract":"Burn injuries in the United States result in 1.1 million hospital admissions, with around 4500 deaths annually, according to the CDC. Although skin grafts have been the standard treatment since 1869, recent research suggests that tilapia skin could offer a safer and more effective alternative. This review aims to assess the strengths and knowledge gaps related to the usage of fish skin in burn patients. A systematic search was conducted on electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar, using relevant MESH keywords from 2018 to 2022. The search and analysis followed the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis” methodology. Data extraction utilized a template based on the Cochrane Consumers and Communication Review group’s extraction guidelines. Out of 166 studies identified, 12 relevant studies were extensively analyzed. The trials consistently demonstrated accelerated reepithelialization, improved patient compliance in managing burn-related pain, no immunologic or allergic reactions, reduced infection rates, shorter hospital stays, and decreased treatment costs when using fish skin. These findings suggest that fish skin is comparable to traditional treatments in terms of effectiveness and safety. Considering the discussed advantages, Nile tilapia fish skin emerges as a promising xenograft option for burn victims. However, further large-scale trials and studies are needed before its widespread and official implementation in burn centers. More research is required to establish the efficacy and safety of fish skin as a viable treatment modality.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117276809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000161
Sanobar Shariff, Rania Itani, Taha Oseili, J. Wellington, Abubakar Nazir, Olivier Uwishema
{"title":"The measles outbreak in Indonesia: an assessment of Sthe 2023 epidemic","authors":"Sanobar Shariff, Rania Itani, Taha Oseili, J. Wellington, Abubakar Nazir, Olivier Uwishema","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134151444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000319
Ghazia Zeeshan, Warda Naimat, Humam Furqan, Haya Shuja
{"title":"Prevalence, risk factors and implications of hypercholesterolemia in Pakistan","authors":"Ghazia Zeeshan, Warda Naimat, Humam Furqan, Haya Shuja","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000319","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132130693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000320
S. Khadka, G. Yadav, Ravi Prasad Gupta, P. Aryal, Mohammad Saleem, Arun Sharma, K. Amgain, Muhammad Abdul Jabar Adnan
Background: Self-medication is a global phenomenon that can lead to adverse consequences. This study was conducted to assess the self-medication status among international students in Pakistan so that rational use of medicines (RUM) can be assured with effective interventions. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 317 international students in different universities in Pakistan. The original Bloom’s cutoff point was utilized to categorize the participants’ overall knowledge, attitude, and practice. The χ2 test was used to test for group differences. For binary logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated at 95% CI. Spearman rank correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationships among the knowledge, attitude, and/or practice scores. Results: The participants demonstrated overall good knowledge (85.5%), positive attitude (83.9%), and good practice (78.5%) towards self-medication. None of the demographic parameters were found statistically significant with knowledge, attitude, and practice about self-medication. The participants with good knowledge and positive attitude had more than 7 and 30 times high odds of good practice (OR: 7.97, 95% CI: 4.06–15.65, P < 0.001 and OR: 30.91, 95% CI: 14.26–67.00, P < 0.001) than those without good knowledge and positive attitude, respectively. Conclusion: Good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards self-medication show the value of education and awareness towards RUM. The interventions to halt the irrational practice of self-medication, expanding awareness, and executing legislation to upgrade the judicious use of self-medication practices are indicated for the RUM at the national level.
背景:自我药疗是一种可能导致不良后果的全球现象。本研究旨在评估巴基斯坦留学生的自我药疗状况，通过有效的干预措施确保合理用药。方法:采用基于网络的横断面调查方法，对巴基斯坦不同大学的317名留学生进行调查。最初的Bloom截断点被用来对参与者的整体知识、态度和实践进行分类。组间差异采用χ2检验。对于二元逻辑回归分析，以95% CI计算优势比(OR)。采用Spearman秩相关系数检验评估知识、态度和/或练习得分之间的关系。结果:参试者对自我药疗的认知总体良好(85.5%)，态度积极(83.9%)，行为良好(78.5%)。人口学参数与自我药疗的知识、态度和实践均无统计学意义。具有良好知识和积极态度的参与者比没有良好知识和积极态度的参与者的良好实践几率分别高7倍和30倍(OR: 7.97, 95% CI: 4.06-15.65, P < 0.001)和30.91,95% CI: 14.26-67.00, P < 0.001)。结论:良好的自我药疗知识、积极的态度和良好的行为表现了对RUM的教育和认识的价值。建议在国家一级采取干预措施，制止自我药疗的不合理做法，扩大认识，并执行立法，以提高自我药疗做法的明智使用。
{"title":"Assessment of self-medication status among international students in different universities in Pakistan; a cue to the rational use of medicines: a cross-sectional study","authors":"S. Khadka, G. Yadav, Ravi Prasad Gupta, P. Aryal, Mohammad Saleem, Arun Sharma, K. Amgain, Muhammad Abdul Jabar Adnan","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000320","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Self-medication is a global phenomenon that can lead to adverse consequences. This study was conducted to assess the self-medication status among international students in Pakistan so that rational use of medicines (RUM) can be assured with effective interventions. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 317 international students in different universities in Pakistan. The original Bloom’s cutoff point was utilized to categorize the participants’ overall knowledge, attitude, and practice. The χ2 test was used to test for group differences. For binary logistic regression analyses, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated at 95% CI. Spearman rank correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationships among the knowledge, attitude, and/or practice scores. Results: The participants demonstrated overall good knowledge (85.5%), positive attitude (83.9%), and good practice (78.5%) towards self-medication. None of the demographic parameters were found statistically significant with knowledge, attitude, and practice about self-medication. The participants with good knowledge and positive attitude had more than 7 and 30 times high odds of good practice (OR: 7.97, 95% CI: 4.06–15.65, P < 0.001 and OR: 30.91, 95% CI: 14.26–67.00, P < 0.001) than those without good knowledge and positive attitude, respectively. Conclusion: Good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice towards self-medication show the value of education and awareness towards RUM. The interventions to halt the irrational practice of self-medication, expanding awareness, and executing legislation to upgrade the judicious use of self-medication practices are indicated for the RUM at the national level.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129642630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000318
Duaa Durrani, R. Fatima, M. Shaikh
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterised by the irregular and frequently fast depolarization of the atrial myocardium resulting from a disturbance of the usual electrical conduction routes within the atria, which causes disorganised and ineffective atrial contractions. The management of AF involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes identifying and treating underlying risk factors, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. The risk factors for AF include age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, alcohol consumption, sleep apnea, and family history. The management strategies for AF include rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage closure, lifestyle modifications, surgical ablation, catheter ablation, cardioversion, and education and support. The choice of management strategy should be tailored to the individual patient’s risk profile, comorbidities, and other factors. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of AF and to develop more effective management strategies for this condition.
{"title":"Risk factors and management strategies for atrial fibrillation","authors":"Duaa Durrani, R. Fatima, M. Shaikh","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000318","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterised by the irregular and frequently fast depolarization of the atrial myocardium resulting from a disturbance of the usual electrical conduction routes within the atria, which causes disorganised and ineffective atrial contractions. The management of AF involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes identifying and treating underlying risk factors, managing symptoms, and preventing complications. The risk factors for AF include age, hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, alcohol consumption, sleep apnea, and family history. The management strategies for AF include rate control, rhythm control, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage closure, lifestyle modifications, surgical ablation, catheter ablation, cardioversion, and education and support. The choice of management strategy should be tailored to the individual patient’s risk profile, comorbidities, and other factors. Further research is needed to improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of AF and to develop more effective management strategies for this condition.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115557157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-29DOI: 10.1097/gh9.0000000000000157
Sanobar Shariff, Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara, Mahmoud Taha, Olivier Uwishema, Abubakar Nazir
{"title":"Bird flu outbreak in Bulgaria: a cause for alarming concern?","authors":"Sanobar Shariff, Israel Oluwasegun Ayenigbara, Mahmoud Taha, Olivier Uwishema, Abubakar Nazir","doi":"10.1097/gh9.0000000000000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/gh9.0000000000000157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133610653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.1097/GH9.0000000000000259
Amna Iqbal, Ayesha Sheikh
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is of 2 types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 DM or juvenile diabetes also commonly named insulin-dependent diabetes has affected people of all ages, but usually, the young population is affected. The primary risk factor is the family history, however, no preventive methods are available but a healthy lifestyle and low-sugar diet are recommended. The significant symptoms of type 1 diabetes are excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. The diagnosis can be made by checking blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1 c), basic metabolic panel, urinalysis, and arterial blood gas. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one the most common disease in the world with 1.24 million people in the United States living with it and by 2050 it can increase to 5 million. Pakistan has the world’s largest population affected by DM with a prevalence rate of 30.8%.
{"title":"Donislecel (Lantidra); first stem cell therapy, a cutting-edge therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes, but would it be beneficial in the riskiest region of the world?","authors":"Amna Iqbal, Ayesha Sheikh","doi":"10.1097/GH9.0000000000000259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/GH9.0000000000000259","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is of 2 types: type 1 and type 2. Type 1 DM or juvenile diabetes also commonly named insulin-dependent diabetes has affected people of all ages, but usually, the young population is affected. The primary risk factor is the family history, however, no preventive methods are available but a healthy lifestyle and low-sugar diet are recommended. The significant symptoms of type 1 diabetes are excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, blurred vision, and fatigue. The diagnosis can be made by checking blood glucose levels, glycosylated hemoglobin test (A1 c), basic metabolic panel, urinalysis, and arterial blood gas. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one the most common disease in the world with 1.24 million people in the United States living with it and by 2050 it can increase to 5 million. Pakistan has the world’s largest population affected by DM with a prevalence rate of 30.8%.","PeriodicalId":306111,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Surgery: Global Health","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133672194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：