E. Kitajima, C. M. Chagas, R. Harakava, R. Calegario, J. Freitas-Astúa, J. Rodrigues, C. C. Childers
Citrus leprosis (CL) is a highly destructive viral disease vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). It was first described in Florida in 1907 and last reported in 1968. CL was found after the 1920s in South America (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil) and presently is known to occur in most of the South American countries. After its detection in Panama in 2000, the disease spread quickly northward through Central America and is now established in Southern Mexico, threatening all of the Caribbean islands as well as the citrus growing areas within the United States. The disappearance of the CL from the United States could be attributed to the severe freeze of December 1966. Multiple spray applications of sulphur for mite control could have gradually reduced the source of inoculum by substantially reducing the Brevipalpus populations. Recent ultrastructural studies revealed that CL may be caused by two distinct viruses, respectively the rare nuclear type (CiLV-N) and the prevalent cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C). A slight difference in foliar lesions caused by these viruses was noticed. CiLV-C produces leaf lesions that become larger in size, with a pale green color and commonly having gummy rings while CiLV-N induces smaller lesions with a dark center and a bright yellow halo. Analysis of available photographic records and samples in the Herbarium of the Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo in Brazil strongly suggest that CL in Florida was caused by CiLV-N. This helps to explain the disappearance of CL from the United States because it is now known that CiLV-N is less aggressive than CiLV-C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v16i1-2.51
{"title":"CITRUS LEPROSIS IN FLORIDA, USA, APPEARS TO HAVE BEEN CAUSED BY THE NUCLEAR TYPE OF CITRUS LEPROSIS VIRUS (CiLV-N)","authors":"E. Kitajima, C. M. Chagas, R. Harakava, R. Calegario, J. Freitas-Astúa, J. Rodrigues, C. C. Childers","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V16I1-2.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V16I1-2.51","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus leprosis (CL) is a highly destructive viral disease vectored by Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). It was first described in Florida in 1907 and last reported in 1968. CL was found after the 1920s in South America (Paraguay, Argentina and Brazil) and presently is known to occur in most of the South American countries. After its detection in Panama in 2000, the disease spread quickly northward through Central America and is now established in Southern Mexico, threatening all of the Caribbean islands as well as the citrus growing areas within the United States. The disappearance of the CL from the United States could be attributed to the severe freeze of December 1966. Multiple spray applications of sulphur for mite control could have gradually reduced the source of inoculum by substantially reducing the Brevipalpus populations. Recent ultrastructural studies revealed that CL may be caused by two distinct viruses, respectively the rare nuclear type (CiLV-N) and the prevalent cytoplasmic type (CiLV-C). A slight difference in foliar lesions caused by these viruses was noticed. CiLV-C produces leaf lesions that become larger in size, with a pale green color and commonly having gummy rings while CiLV-N induces smaller lesions with a dark center and a bright yellow halo. Analysis of available photographic records and samples in the Herbarium of the Instituto Biologico de Sao Paulo in Brazil strongly suggest that CL in Florida was caused by CiLV-N. This helps to explain the disappearance of CL from the United States because it is now known that CiLV-N is less aggressive than CiLV-C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v16i1-2.51","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Albarnaz, C. R. Kleemann, A. A. Corrêa, C. Figueiredo, C. Simões, E. Ferreira, C. Barardi
Shellfish are commonly associated with viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in human consumers. However, several attempts to depurate contaminated bivalve mollusks have been halted by increased persistence of viruses in mollusks’ tissues, mainly in digestive tract. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to evaluate the localization of simian rotavirus SA11 strain in experimentally contaminated Crassostrea gigas oysters. Highest concentrations of SA11 persisted in digestive tract along 12-h experiment, whereas gills, mantle, labial palps and hemolymph presented fewer SA11. SA11 was found in close association with mucus filling oyster stomach. It can account for increased virus accumulation in digestive tract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.45
{"title":"ROTAVIRUS DISTRIBUTION IN OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA GIGAS TISSUE","authors":"J. Albarnaz, C. R. Kleemann, A. A. Corrêa, C. Figueiredo, C. Simões, E. Ferreira, C. Barardi","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.45","url":null,"abstract":"Shellfish are commonly associated with viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in human consumers. However, several attempts to depurate contaminated bivalve mollusks have been halted by increased persistence of viruses in mollusks’ tissues, mainly in digestive tract. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were applied to evaluate the localization of simian rotavirus SA11 strain in experimentally contaminated Crassostrea gigas oysters. Highest concentrations of SA11 persisted in digestive tract along 12-h experiment, whereas gills, mantle, labial palps and hemolymph presented fewer SA11. SA11 was found in close association with mucus filling oyster stomach. It can account for increased virus accumulation in digestive tract. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.45","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. A. Mancini, R. M. Mendonça, T. Costa, J. Pinto, S. Lucas, J. mancini‐filho
Studies on the host range of influenza viruses have been of great importance to prove the role of some animals that were already considered as unlikely links, in the virus transmission chain. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of the influenza virus in cats in Brazil. Domestic cats, assisted at the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo, were grouped according to gender and age (young and adult). Serum samples were collected and analyzed for antibodies to influenza A and B viruses by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using the corresponding antigens from the circulating viruses in Brazil. Twenty per cent of the cats aged between 6 and 20 years old responded with high antibody titers (≥ 640 HIU/25 µL) against human influenza A (H1N1) virus. Lower percentages of the animals in the same age group, 11% and 8%, presented the same high titers in response to human influenza A (H3N2) and B virus samples respectively. When the animals were classified by gender, 17 % of males and 8% of females showed a poor antibody response against the influenza A (H1N1) virus (titers of ≤ 20 HIU/25 µL). For the first time in Brazil, protective antibody titers against human influenza viruses revealed the presence of virus infection possibly transmitted to the domestic cats by man. In conclusion, our results show that domestic cats, like other mammals, may play a role in interspecies transmission and spread of the influenza virus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.43
{"title":"DOMESTIC CATS AS HOSTS FOR HUMAN INFLUENZA A AND B VIRUSES IN BRAZIL","authors":"D. A. Mancini, R. M. Mendonça, T. Costa, J. Pinto, S. Lucas, J. mancini‐filho","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.43","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the host range of influenza viruses have been of great importance to prove the role of some animals that were already considered as unlikely links, in the virus transmission chain. This study aimed to investigate the circulation of the influenza virus in cats in Brazil. Domestic cats, assisted at the clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Sao Paulo, were grouped according to gender and age (young and adult). Serum samples were collected and analyzed for antibodies to influenza A and B viruses by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test using the corresponding antigens from the circulating viruses in Brazil. Twenty per cent of the cats aged between 6 and 20 years old responded with high antibody titers (≥ 640 HIU/25 µL) against human influenza A (H1N1) virus. Lower percentages of the animals in the same age group, 11% and 8%, presented the same high titers in response to human influenza A (H3N2) and B virus samples respectively. When the animals were classified by gender, 17 % of males and 8% of females showed a poor antibody response against the influenza A (H1N1) virus (titers of ≤ 20 HIU/25 µL). For the first time in Brazil, protective antibody titers against human influenza viruses revealed the presence of virus infection possibly transmitted to the domestic cats by man. In conclusion, our results show that domestic cats, like other mammals, may play a role in interspecies transmission and spread of the influenza virus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.43","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Rubio, K. Toledo, Jaqueline Calça, C. Bonfim, D. E. Gomes, E. Durigon, M. A. Fossey, P. Rahal, F. P. Souza
Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Because there is currently no licensed vaccine for RSV, there is a substantial interest in the identification and development of RSV specific inhibitory agents. There are clinical evidences that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potential inhibitors of viral infection. In this study, the performance of two GAGs (heparin and dextran sulfate) were compared for their antiviral and virucidal activities on RSV. Analysis was performed using an in vitro infection model where, previously to infection, Hep-2 cells or RSV were incubated with heparin or dextran sulfate. The presence of viral particles was analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). The results showed that viral infection was more efficiently inhibited when Hep-2 cells were pre-incubated with heparin or, when viral particles were pre-incubated with dextran sulfate. Our study suggest that, in the absence of cellular death, heparin and dextran sulfate reduce RSV infection by different mechanisms, antiviral and virucidal ones, respectively. These data contribute for recent medical, microbiology and biochemical studies which suggest that the use of antiviral and virucidal compounds as more effective treatment to control virus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.47
{"title":"Heparin and dextran sulfate: their role on rsv infectivity","authors":"M. Rubio, K. Toledo, Jaqueline Calça, C. Bonfim, D. E. Gomes, E. Durigon, M. A. Fossey, P. Rahal, F. P. Souza","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.47","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. Because there is currently no licensed vaccine for RSV, there is a substantial interest in the identification and development of RSV specific inhibitory agents. There are clinical evidences that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are potential inhibitors of viral infection. In this study, the performance of two GAGs (heparin and dextran sulfate) were compared for their antiviral and virucidal activities on RSV. Analysis was performed using an in vitro infection model where, previously to infection, Hep-2 cells or RSV were incubated with heparin or dextran sulfate. The presence of viral particles was analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFA). The results showed that viral infection was more efficiently inhibited when Hep-2 cells were pre-incubated with heparin or, when viral particles were pre-incubated with dextran sulfate. Our study suggest that, in the absence of cellular death, heparin and dextran sulfate reduce RSV infection by different mechanisms, antiviral and virucidal ones, respectively. These data contribute for recent medical, microbiology and biochemical studies which suggest that the use of antiviral and virucidal compounds as more effective treatment to control virus infections. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.47","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"92-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Seki, A. Carrasco, T. Mineo, T. Raso, A. A. Pinto
This is a report of the results of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), complement fixation test (CFT) and direct DNA detection by PCR to determine Chlamydophila felis infection in domestic cats. A total of 145 sera and conjunctival swab samples collected from cats showing clinical signs or clinical history compatible with feline chlamydiosis were collected in catteries, veterinary clinics and public shelters in five cities in northeast of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Antibodies against Chlamydiaceae were detected in 72.41% and 6.9% of the sampled animals, and titers were over 256 in IFA and CFT. Compared with IFA, CFT was found to be less sensitive in anti-Chlamydophila spp. antibody detection in cats. Bacterial DNA was detected in swab samples of nine cats (6.21%) distributed among all analyzed groups. Results obtained in serological and PCR analyses indicate that C. felis is found in cats from northeast of the state of Sao Paulo, and veterinary practitioners should consider this bacterial infection as a possible threat for cats in Brazil . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.42
{"title":"DNA DETECTION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST CHLAMYDOPHILA FELIS IN DOMESTIC CATS FROM THE NORTHEAST OF THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL.","authors":"M. Seki, A. Carrasco, T. Mineo, T. Raso, A. A. Pinto","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.42","url":null,"abstract":"This is a report of the results of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), complement fixation test (CFT) and direct DNA detection by PCR to determine Chlamydophila felis infection in domestic cats. A total of 145 sera and conjunctival swab samples collected from cats showing clinical signs or clinical history compatible with feline chlamydiosis were collected in catteries, veterinary clinics and public shelters in five cities in northeast of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Antibodies against Chlamydiaceae were detected in 72.41% and 6.9% of the sampled animals, and titers were over 256 in IFA and CFT. Compared with IFA, CFT was found to be less sensitive in anti-Chlamydophila spp. antibody detection in cats. Bacterial DNA was detected in swab samples of nine cats (6.21%) distributed among all analyzed groups. Results obtained in serological and PCR analyses indicate that C. felis is found in cats from northeast of the state of Sao Paulo, and veterinary practitioners should consider this bacterial infection as a possible threat for cats in Brazil . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.42","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alyne Vieira Barros, A. O. Conceição, I. C. Simoni, C. Arns, M. J. B. Fernandes
Crude aqueous extract from seeds (AEs) of Guettarda angelica Mart. (Rubiaceae) presented in vitro antiviral activity against bovine (BoHV-1) and swine (SuHV-1) herpesviruses type 1 in our previous studies. The aim of the current work was to continue the studies with this extract in order to determine its mode of antiviral action on these two animal herpesviruses. For this, at non cytotoxic concentration (40 µg/mL), the AEs extract was added at different times to the cells or viruses during infection. The antiviral tests were performed using the viral titer reduction assay and expressed in inhibition percentage (IP). The mechanism studies showed that AEs blocked BoHV-1 binding to MDBK cells in 99%; inhibited both during and after virus adsorption by more than 97% for both viruses. Moreover, AEs inactivated both viruses extracellular and directly by 99%. These results indicate that AEs has a broad spectrum of action since it was able either to exert a direct virucidal effect or to present an antiviral activity before and after the attachment phase. Seeds of G. angelica might be a promising source of antiviral agents and merits further investigation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.46
{"title":"MECHANISMS OF ANTIVIRAL ACTION OF SEEDS FROM Guettarda angelica Mart. AGAINST BOVINE AND SWINE HERPESVIRUSES IN VITRO","authors":"Alyne Vieira Barros, A. O. Conceição, I. C. Simoni, C. Arns, M. J. B. Fernandes","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.46","url":null,"abstract":"Crude aqueous extract from seeds (AEs) of Guettarda angelica Mart. (Rubiaceae) presented in vitro antiviral activity against bovine (BoHV-1) and swine (SuHV-1) herpesviruses type 1 in our previous studies. The aim of the current work was to continue the studies with this extract in order to determine its mode of antiviral action on these two animal herpesviruses. For this, at non cytotoxic concentration (40 µg/mL), the AEs extract was added at different times to the cells or viruses during infection. The antiviral tests were performed using the viral titer reduction assay and expressed in inhibition percentage (IP). The mechanism studies showed that AEs blocked BoHV-1 binding to MDBK cells in 99%; inhibited both during and after virus adsorption by more than 97% for both viruses. Moreover, AEs inactivated both viruses extracellular and directly by 99%. These results indicate that AEs has a broad spectrum of action since it was able either to exert a direct virucidal effect or to present an antiviral activity before and after the attachment phase. Seeds of G. angelica might be a promising source of antiviral agents and merits further investigation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.46","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. F. Barreto-Vieira, H. Schatzmayr, C. Takiya, F. C. Jácome, M. Silva, N. Faria, R. Nogueira, O. Barth
Histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of liver of non-neuroadapted BALB/c mice reinfected by the intravenous route with dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 were presented. The hepatic tissue was processed following the standard techniques for photonic and transmission electron microscopy. Morphological studies showed vacuolization of hepatocytes, inflammatory cells inside sinusoidal capillaries, enlargement of sinusoidal capillaries, foci of hemorrhage inside the interstitium, increase of surface density of reticular fibres, increase of numerical density of sinusoidal cells, decrease of surface density of hepatocytes, edema in the peri centrolobular vein space and presence of phyllopods and pseudopod-like extensions in endothelial cells. DENV particles, virus antigens and DENV RNA were observed in mosquito cells (C6/36) inoculated with sera of the animals 72 hours post-reinfection. The hepatic alterations observed in our experimental model were similar to those observed in human cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The present study shows that BALB/c mice reinfected with a heterologous serotype of DENV develop more severe lesions than those observed in mice in primary infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.68
{"title":"MORPHOLOGICAL STUDIES OF HEPATIC TISSUE OF MICE REINFECTED WITH DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES 1 OR 2","authors":"D. F. Barreto-Vieira, H. Schatzmayr, C. Takiya, F. C. Jácome, M. Silva, N. Faria, R. Nogueira, O. Barth","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.68","url":null,"abstract":"Histopathological and ultrastructural aspects of liver of non-neuroadapted BALB/c mice reinfected by the intravenous route with dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 were presented. The hepatic tissue was processed following the standard techniques for photonic and transmission electron microscopy. Morphological studies showed vacuolization of hepatocytes, inflammatory cells inside sinusoidal capillaries, enlargement of sinusoidal capillaries, foci of hemorrhage inside the interstitium, increase of surface density of reticular fibres, increase of numerical density of sinusoidal cells, decrease of surface density of hepatocytes, edema in the peri centrolobular vein space and presence of phyllopods and pseudopod-like extensions in endothelial cells. DENV particles, virus antigens and DENV RNA were observed in mosquito cells (C6/36) inoculated with sera of the animals 72 hours post-reinfection. The hepatic alterations observed in our experimental model were similar to those observed in human cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The present study shows that BALB/c mice reinfected with a heterologous serotype of DENV develop more severe lesions than those observed in mice in primary infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.68","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXI National Meeting of Virology, October, 17 – 20, 2010; Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
第21届全国病毒学会议纪要，2010年10月，17 - 20日;Gramado，里约热内卢Grande do Sul，巴西
{"title":"Award “Hélio Gelli Pereira”","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I0.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I0.127","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXI National Meeting of Virology, October, 17 – 20, 2010; Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Annals of XXI National Meeting of Virology, October, 17 – 20, 2010; Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
第21届全国病毒学会议纪要，2010年10月，17 - 20日;Gramado，里约热内卢Grande do Sul，巴西
{"title":"Annals of XXI National Meeting of Virology","authors":"Sociedade Brasileira de Virologia","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I0.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I0.125","url":null,"abstract":"Annals of XXI National Meeting of Virology, October, 17 – 20, 2010; Gramado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"3-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RNA-virus caused diseases pose a challenging problem for a deep epidemiological comprehension due to the trick nature of the population genetics of such viruses and the sometimes obscure host-parasite relationship at the molecular level. In this article, data presented by other authors is reviewed and speculations based on these are depicted in order to search for patterns that could help the understanding of transmissible diseases mechanisms and the prediction of epidemics trends. Elements that connect parasite, host and epidemiology are presented as polarized interactions with negative or positive trends and a model for the emergence of new phenotypes is also presented based on the quasispecies theory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.44
{"title":"ON AN INTEGRATIVE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE MOLECULAR NATURAL HISTORY OF VIRAL DISEASES","authors":"P. Brandão","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I2.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I2.44","url":null,"abstract":"RNA-virus caused diseases pose a challenging problem for a deep epidemiological comprehension due to the trick nature of the population genetics of such viruses and the sometimes obscure host-parasite relationship at the molecular level. In this article, data presented by other authors is reviewed and speculations based on these are depicted in order to search for patterns that could help the understanding of transmissible diseases mechanisms and the prediction of epidemics trends. Elements that connect parasite, host and epidemiology are presented as polarized interactions with negative or positive trends and a model for the emergence of new phenotypes is also presented based on the quasispecies theory. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i2.44","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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