M. I. Oliveira, C. Figueiredo, A. Afonso, F. Piza, M. Theobaldo, J. Suleiman, S. Curti
A 24 year-old patient presented with an adverse reaction to phenytoin therapy associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, suggesting a relationship to a reactivation of human herpesvirus 6. The investigation of viral infection was done by antiHHV-6 IgM, IgG serology and PCR. The sequence was analyzed and it was identified as HHV-6 variant B. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.32
{"title":"SEVERE HYPERSENSITIVITY SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH REACTIVATION OF HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6 VARIANT B","authors":"M. I. Oliveira, C. Figueiredo, A. Afonso, F. Piza, M. Theobaldo, J. Suleiman, S. Curti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I2.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I2.32","url":null,"abstract":"A 24 year-old patient presented with an adverse reaction to phenytoin therapy associated with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, suggesting a relationship to a reactivation of human herpesvirus 6. The investigation of viral infection was done by antiHHV-6 IgM, IgG serology and PCR. The sequence was analyzed and it was identified as HHV-6 variant B. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.32","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-07DOI: 10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i2.33
R. V. N. Martins, L. Afonso, N. Moyses, I. M. Magalhães, T. Matuck, D. Carvalho, S. Cavalcanti
{"title":"HUMAN HERPES VIRUS 6 INFECTION IN A RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT","authors":"R. V. N. Martins, L. Afonso, N. Moyses, I. M. Magalhães, T. Matuck, D. Carvalho, S. Cavalcanti","doi":"10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i2.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. S. Mazia, Flávia M. M. Almeida-Mello, K. V. Gaspareto, D. A. Bertolini
This study outlines the behavior of dengue in microregions of the northwestern part of Parana State between 2000 and 2007 based on a survey of dengue records of the National Monitoring and Notification System and Health Surveillance Section. A total of 24,015 cases of dengue confirmed by serological examination were notified during the study period. Individuals older than 30 years were the most affected, corresponding to 54.3% (n=13,035) of the cases notified. With respect to the evolution of dengue, 76.05% (n=18,281) of the cases were cured. Severe forms (dengue with complications, hemorrhagic fever, shock syndrome) of the disease were observed in 22 cases and four of these (0.03%) died of the disease. Most cases (66.3%, n=10,200) were classified as classic dengue. Two cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were notified in 2002 and five 2007. Viral isolation was only performed in 48 samples. Of these, 28 infections were caused by serotype I, four by serotype II and 16 by serotype III. The large number of autochthonous cases (63.7%) suggests that dengue is not controlled in the region. The house and Breteau indices were above those recommended by the WHO, indicating high infestation of houses and water containers with Aedes aegypti larvae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.31
{"title":"EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE IN NORTHWESTERN MUNICIPALITIES OF THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL","authors":"R. S. Mazia, Flávia M. M. Almeida-Mello, K. V. Gaspareto, D. A. Bertolini","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I2.31","url":null,"abstract":"This study outlines the behavior of dengue in microregions of the northwestern part of Parana State between 2000 and 2007 based on a survey of dengue records of the National Monitoring and Notification System and Health Surveillance Section. A total of 24,015 cases of dengue confirmed by serological examination were notified during the study period. Individuals older than 30 years were the most affected, corresponding to 54.3% (n=13,035) of the cases notified. With respect to the evolution of dengue, 76.05% (n=18,281) of the cases were cured. Severe forms (dengue with complications, hemorrhagic fever, shock syndrome) of the disease were observed in 22 cases and four of these (0.03%) died of the disease. Most cases (66.3%, n=10,200) were classified as classic dengue. Two cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were notified in 2002 and five 2007. Viral isolation was only performed in 48 samples. Of these, 28 infections were caused by serotype I, four by serotype II and 16 by serotype III. The large number of autochthonous cases (63.7%) suggests that dengue is not controlled in the region. The house and Breteau indices were above those recommended by the WHO, indicating high infestation of houses and water containers with Aedes aegypti larvae. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.31","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-11-07DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I2.30
F. Alves, H. L. D. Puerto, G. F. Braz, J. C. M. Cruz, J. Reis, M. Heinemann, R. Leite, A. Vasconcelos, A. S. Martins
The objective of the present study was to use reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for canine distemper virus screening in puppies with asymptomatic canine distemper. Blood samples were taken from 12 non-vaccinated asymptomatic puppies, 10-45 days of age; of mixed breeds, ages, and sexes. Vero cells infected with canine distemper virus strain Lederle were used as the positive control. Using acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, RNA was isolated and treated with a DNA-free™ kit (Ambion Inc., Foster, California, USA). Primers specific to the nucleocapsid protein coding region gene of canine distemper virus were designed and were able to amplify a fragment of 319 bp. Another target fragment of canine S26 (75 bp) was utilized as the endogenous control. Eight animals (67%) were positive and 4 (33%) were negative in a total of 12 animals analyzed. In conclusion, accurate diagnosis for canine distemper virus in early stages of infection using RT- PCR enhances identification of any infected puppies to be quarantined and prevents spread of disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i2.30
{"title":"RT-PCR DETECTS CANINE DISTEMPER VIRUS IN ASYMPTOMATIC AND NON-VACCINATED PUPPIES","authors":"F. Alves, H. L. D. Puerto, G. F. Braz, J. C. M. Cruz, J. Reis, M. Heinemann, R. Leite, A. Vasconcelos, A. S. Martins","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I2.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I2.30","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to use reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for canine distemper virus screening in puppies with asymptomatic canine distemper. Blood samples were taken from 12 non-vaccinated asymptomatic puppies, 10-45 days of age; of mixed breeds, ages, and sexes. Vero cells infected with canine distemper virus strain Lederle were used as the positive control. Using acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction, RNA was isolated and treated with a DNA-free™ kit (Ambion Inc., Foster, California, USA). Primers specific to the nucleocapsid protein coding region gene of canine distemper virus were designed and were able to amplify a fragment of 319 bp. Another target fragment of canine S26 (75 bp) was utilized as the endogenous control. Eight animals (67%) were positive and 4 (33%) were negative in a total of 12 animals analyzed. In conclusion, accurate diagnosis for canine distemper virus in early stages of infection using RT- PCR enhances identification of any infected puppies to be quarantined and prevents spread of disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i2.30","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Simonetti, D. Lima, H. Schatzmayr, Bruno R. Simonetti, D. Sztajnbok, M. Lago, J. Simonetti
Studies related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1-infected children are of a special meaning due to multiple covariates such as timing of transmission, viral phenotypes, immunological patterns, viral dynamics progression and clinical evolution of disease. With antiretroviral therapy becoming more widely available, HIV resistance identification and monitoring of disease remains of great importance in infected children. The major HIV-1 infection markers usually used for monitoring viral infection and disease course are CD4+ T cell counts or percentages and HIV viral load. Both of them are helpful indicating when to start therapy and evaluating its efficacy. Also, their association with genotyping tests identifying viral resistant mutations may help clinicians for the most adequate clinical conduct. In the present study, we assessed HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte rates for the immunological status evaluation of 25 antiretroviral-treated children or at the beginning of therapy, managing therapeutic regimens according to genotyping results. The management of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) according to viral resistance in our group of pediatric patients allowed an increase in CD4+ T cell counts and/or percentage in almost all children, showing an improvement in their HIV-associated immunodeficiency status. Important viral burden declines were observed in 24 children, most of them multi-drug resistant, with HIV RNA undetectable levels reached in 12 of them. In particular, HAART introduction allowed a more significant viral load reduction for those pediatric patients who were drug treatment-naive, initiating antiretroviral therapy as they were enrolled at this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.23
{"title":"ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, VIRAL LOAD, AND T LYMPHOCYTES RATE IN HIV-1 INFECTED CHILDREN AFTER GENOTYPING DRUG RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT","authors":"S. R. Simonetti, D. Lima, H. Schatzmayr, Bruno R. Simonetti, D. Sztajnbok, M. Lago, J. Simonetti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I1.23","url":null,"abstract":"Studies related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1-infected children are of a special meaning due to multiple covariates such as timing of transmission, viral phenotypes, immunological patterns, viral dynamics progression and clinical evolution of disease. With antiretroviral therapy becoming more widely available, HIV resistance identification and monitoring of disease remains of great importance in infected children. The major HIV-1 infection markers usually used for monitoring viral infection and disease course are CD4+ T cell counts or percentages and HIV viral load. Both of them are helpful indicating when to start therapy and evaluating its efficacy. Also, their association with genotyping tests identifying viral resistant mutations may help clinicians for the most adequate clinical conduct. In the present study, we assessed HIV-1 viral load and CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte rates for the immunological status evaluation of 25 antiretroviral-treated children or at the beginning of therapy, managing therapeutic regimens according to genotyping results. The management of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) according to viral resistance in our group of pediatric patients allowed an increase in CD4+ T cell counts and/or percentage in almost all children, showing an improvement in their HIV-associated immunodeficiency status. Important viral burden declines were observed in 24 children, most of them multi-drug resistant, with HIV RNA undetectable levels reached in 12 of them. In particular, HAART introduction allowed a more significant viral load reduction for those pediatric patients who were drug treatment-naive, initiating antiretroviral therapy as they were enrolled at this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.23","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Valéria Holmo Batista, Jéssica Scremin, Lana Maria Aguiar, H. Schatzmayr
In a dairy cattle farm, father and son developed successively a vesicopustular infection, with lesions in the hands and wrists, after contact with cows with vesicular lesions on the udder. After sexual contact with her husband, the mother showed a severe vesicular vulvar infection, which healed in about three weeks, leaving no scars. All family members showed high levels of antibodies in a plaque reduction neutralization test, using as antigen a locally isolated poxvirus strain, identified as a vaccinia-like virus by sequencing techniques. These data reconfirm that vaccinia-like viruses are circulating in Brazil and that person-to-person transmission may occur, without any relation to vaccinations against smallpox. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.27
{"title":"VULVAR INFECTION AND POSSIBLE HUMAN-TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION OF BOVINE POXVIRUS DISEASE","authors":"Valéria Holmo Batista, Jéssica Scremin, Lana Maria Aguiar, H. Schatzmayr","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I1.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I1.27","url":null,"abstract":"In a dairy cattle farm, father and son developed successively a vesicopustular infection, with lesions in the hands and wrists, after contact with cows with vesicular lesions on the udder. After sexual contact with her husband, the mother showed a severe vesicular vulvar infection, which healed in about three weeks, leaving no scars. All family members showed high levels of antibodies in a plaque reduction neutralization test, using as antigen a locally isolated poxvirus strain, identified as a vaccinia-like virus by sequencing techniques. These data reconfirm that vaccinia-like viruses are circulating in Brazil and that person-to-person transmission may occur, without any relation to vaccinations against smallpox. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.27","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-04DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.26
P. V. Simas, L. Gardinassi, C. Bittar, J. Cordeiro, A. Carvalho, J. Salomão, M. Nogueira, E. Durigon, E. D. Neto, F. P. Souza, P. Rahal
Respiratory tract infection can lead to diseases such as pneumonia, bronchospasm, bronchiolitis and pleural effusion, and consequently to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viruses in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection and to assess the correlation between lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and the viruses studied. We screened children from 0 to 6 years of age with respiratory tract infection. From May 2004 to September 2005, a total of 272 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from hospitalized children in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, and stored with trizol at –80°C until testing by RT-PCR. The distribution of LRTI in the study population was: 49.63% (135/272) pneumonia, 23.18% (63/272) bronchospasm, 16.17% (44/272) bronchiolitis, and 11.02% (30/272) pleural effusion. A viral infection was found in 54.41% (148/272) of the samples, as follows: in 79 (29%) RSV, in 63 (23%) HRV, in 14 (5.14%) PIV3, in 9 (5%) HMPV, in 8 (2.9%) PIV1, in 4 (1.4%) FLUB, in 3 (1.1%) FLUA and 1 (0.4%) PIV2. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between viral infection and bronchiolitis (43/44 cases: 97.8%; p≤0.001) and RSV infection and bronchiolitis (30/44 cases: 68.2%; p≤0.001). Finally, this study has confirmed that not only is RSV the most important virus in association with bronchilitis in infants, but also can be frequently detected in children between 2 and 5 years of age hospitalized for ARI in this region. In addition, HRV was frequently detected in association with ARI requiring hospitalization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.26
{"title":"RSV ASSOCIATED DISEASE IN HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN IN SOUTHEAST BRAZIL: HIGHER FREQUENCY IN OLDER CHILDREN THAN IN INFANTS","authors":"P. V. Simas, L. Gardinassi, C. Bittar, J. Cordeiro, A. Carvalho, J. Salomão, M. Nogueira, E. Durigon, E. D. Neto, F. P. Souza, P. Rahal","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory tract infection can lead to diseases such as pneumonia, bronchospasm, bronchiolitis and pleural effusion, and consequently to hospitalization. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viruses in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection and to assess the correlation between lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and the viruses studied. We screened children from 0 to 6 years of age with respiratory tract infection. From May 2004 to September 2005, a total of 272 nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were collected from hospitalized children in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Brazil, and stored with trizol at –80°C until testing by RT-PCR. The distribution of LRTI in the study population was: 49.63% (135/272) pneumonia, 23.18% (63/272) bronchospasm, 16.17% (44/272) bronchiolitis, and 11.02% (30/272) pleural effusion. A viral infection was found in 54.41% (148/272) of the samples, as follows: in 79 (29%) RSV, in 63 (23%) HRV, in 14 (5.14%) PIV3, in 9 (5%) HMPV, in 8 (2.9%) PIV1, in 4 (1.4%) FLUB, in 3 (1.1%) FLUA and 1 (0.4%) PIV2. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between viral infection and bronchiolitis (43/44 cases: 97.8%; p≤0.001) and RSV infection and bronchiolitis (30/44 cases: 68.2%; p≤0.001). Finally, this study has confirmed that not only is RSV the most important virus in association with bronchilitis in infants, but also can be frequently detected in children between 2 and 5 years of age hospitalized for ARI in this region. In addition, HRV was frequently detected in association with ARI requiring hospitalization. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.26","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"27 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. I. Oliveira, S. Curti, A. Afonso, C. Figueiredo, R. Azevedo, S. Passos, K. E. Stewien, E. Durigon
Parvovirus B19 infection may be misdiagnosed as measles, rubella, or other exanthematic diseases which are common in childhood. The clinical differential diagnosis for these infections can be misleading due to their similarity in most mild cases and the occurrence of atypical cases. In order to establish the occurrence of parvovirus B19 infection among children with exanthema, paired serum samples from 881 patients with presumptive diagnoses of measles or rubella were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against parvovirus B19 through the ELISA capture method from 1993 to 1996, after being proved to be not measles or rubella infections. Parvovirus B 19 infection was confirmed in 80 individuals (9%) with IgM positive antibodies, and 240 (27%) with IgG positive antibodies. Sera positive for B19 corresponded to 1% of measles and 96% of rubella suspected cases. Therefore, parvovirus B19 should be considered for serological analysis when a child presents exanthema. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.24
{"title":"PARVOVIRUS B19 FREQUENCY IN EXANTHEMATIC CASES INITIALY SUSPECTED AS MEASLES OR RUBELLA INFECTIONS IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL","authors":"M. I. Oliveira, S. Curti, A. Afonso, C. Figueiredo, R. Azevedo, S. Passos, K. E. Stewien, E. Durigon","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Parvovirus B19 infection may be misdiagnosed as measles, rubella, or other exanthematic diseases which are common in childhood. The clinical differential diagnosis for these infections can be misleading due to their similarity in most mild cases and the occurrence of atypical cases. In order to establish the occurrence of parvovirus B19 infection among children with exanthema, paired serum samples from 881 patients with presumptive diagnoses of measles or rubella were tested for IgM and IgG antibodies against parvovirus B19 through the ELISA capture method from 1993 to 1996, after being proved to be not measles or rubella infections. Parvovirus B 19 infection was confirmed in 80 individuals (9%) with IgM positive antibodies, and 240 (27%) with IgG positive antibodies. Sera positive for B19 corresponded to 1% of measles and 96% of rubella suspected cases. Therefore, parvovirus B19 should be considered for serological analysis when a child presents exanthema. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i1.24","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-04DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.22
T. Vilella, M. R. Coêlho, Veridiana Sales Barbosa de Souza, J. L. Silva, R. L. Santos, S. Hinrichsen
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and risk factors in health care workers of dialysis units. An analytical descriptive transversal study was performed with 138 health professionals from six dialysis units of Recife city, Brazil. Blood samples were collected between March and July, 2007 and tested for the HBsAg markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc) using ELISA method of third generation. Two softwares were used for statistical analysis: the Epi Info (v. 6.04) for the univariate analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences- SPSS (v. 8.0) for multiple logistical regression. The prevalence of hepatitis B infections, determined by presence of the HBsAg and/or total anti-HBc markers in dialysis staff was 13%. Positivity rate for anti-HBs was 75.4%. However, 11.6% of them were susceptible to infection. In the univariate analysis the variables: length of employment in hemodialysis, quantity of individual protective equipment (IPEs), surgery and/or dentary-surgery antecedents and incomplete vaccination against HBV presented statistically significant association with HBV seropositivity. But, according the multivariate analysis, only length of employment in hemodialysis, quantity of individual protective equipment (IPEs) used and incomplete vaccination against HBV presented statistically significant association with HBV seropositivity. These results showed that dialysis units have been focused on reducing the occurrence of exposure to blood and body fluids. These strategies include reevaluating the kind of material used, demanding strict compliance for protection in risky occupational procedures, the use of gloves and other barriers and a follow-up with serological tests whenever there is a case of work-related injury with biological material, as well as mandatory vaccination after exposure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.22
{"title":"SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE AND RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATITIS B INFECTION IN HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN DIALYSIS UNITS","authors":"T. Vilella, M. R. Coêlho, Veridiana Sales Barbosa de Souza, J. L. Silva, R. L. Santos, S. Hinrichsen","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis B and risk factors in health care workers of dialysis units. An analytical descriptive transversal study was performed with 138 health professionals from six dialysis units of Recife city, Brazil. Blood samples were collected between March and July, 2007 and tested for the HBsAg markers (HBsAg, anti-HBs and total anti-HBc) using ELISA method of third generation. Two softwares were used for statistical analysis: the Epi Info (v. 6.04) for the univariate analysis and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences- SPSS (v. 8.0) for multiple logistical regression. The prevalence of hepatitis B infections, determined by presence of the HBsAg and/or total anti-HBc markers in dialysis staff was 13%. Positivity rate for anti-HBs was 75.4%. However, 11.6% of them were susceptible to infection. In the univariate analysis the variables: length of employment in hemodialysis, quantity of individual protective equipment (IPEs), surgery and/or dentary-surgery antecedents and incomplete vaccination against HBV presented statistically significant association with HBV seropositivity. But, according the multivariate analysis, only length of employment in hemodialysis, quantity of individual protective equipment (IPEs) used and incomplete vaccination against HBV presented statistically significant association with HBV seropositivity. These results showed that dialysis units have been focused on reducing the occurrence of exposure to blood and body fluids. These strategies include reevaluating the kind of material used, demanding strict compliance for protection in risky occupational procedures, the use of gloves and other barriers and a follow-up with serological tests whenever there is a case of work-related injury with biological material, as well as mandatory vaccination after exposure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v14i1.22","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-03-04DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.21
S. Majerowicz, C. Grief, M. A. Pinto, M. L. Baptista, Â. T. Pinhão, Renata C. Airano, C. Vitral, R. Marchevsky, C. Yoshida, O. Barth, En Qg Inglaterra. Nibsc. Potters Bar. Herts
Morphological alterations of the liver from rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) experimentally infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were analyzed using electron microscopy. The localization of viral RNA and proteins inside hepatocytes was demonstrated using in situ hybridization and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. The animals were inoculated by different routes. The infection was successful only by use of the intrasplenic approach to HCV infected autogenic hepatocyte transplant. The inoculum used to infect the hepatocytes was characterized as genotype 3 with 107 RNA copies/mL. In situ hybridization was performed using a complementary negative and positive strand probe made with the specific primer. Despite that the level of HCV infection was considered to be low, we were able to detect and localize viral positive and negative RNA strands and viral proteins in altered membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in infected liver cells, showing evidence of viral replication in vivo.
{"title":"Ultrastructural localization of Hepatitis C virus positive and negative strand RNA and proteins in Hepatocytes of a Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta)","authors":"S. Majerowicz, C. Grief, M. A. Pinto, M. L. Baptista, Â. T. Pinhão, Renata C. Airano, C. Vitral, R. Marchevsky, C. Yoshida, O. Barth, En Qg Inglaterra. Nibsc. Potters Bar. Herts","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V14I1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Morphological alterations of the liver from rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) \u0000experimentally infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) were analyzed using electron \u0000microscopy. The localization of viral RNA and proteins inside hepatocytes was \u0000demonstrated using in situ hybridization and immunoelectron microscopy techniques. \u0000The animals were inoculated by different routes. The infection was successful only by \u0000use of the intrasplenic approach to HCV infected autogenic hepatocyte transplant. The \u0000inoculum used to infect the hepatocytes was characterized as genotype 3 with 107 RNA \u0000copies/mL. In situ hybridization was performed using a complementary negative and \u0000positive strand probe made with the specific primer. Despite that the level of HCV \u0000infection was considered to be low, we were able to detect and localize viral positive \u0000and negative RNA strands and viral proteins in altered membranes of the rough \u0000endoplasmic reticulum in infected liver cells, showing evidence of viral replication in \u0000vivo.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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