F. Nascimento, G. Vasconcelos, M. Rosa, Maria Diva Paes de Lima Ferreira, L. Oliveira
This study evaluated the nested- PCR technique in HPV cervical infection from 19 women who presented negative result for HPV when they were tested by single PCR assay. The outcome indicated a high sensibility of this approach to detect HPV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.40
{"title":"NESTED PCR ON HPV SCREENING IN CERVICAL SMEARS FROM ASYMPTOMATIC PATIENTS","authors":"F. Nascimento, G. Vasconcelos, M. Rosa, Maria Diva Paes de Lima Ferreira, L. Oliveira","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I1.40","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the nested- PCR technique in HPV cervical infection from 19 women who presented negative result for HPV when they were tested by single PCR assay. The outcome indicated a high sensibility of this approach to detect HPV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.40","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-17DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.34
F. M. C. Araujo, R. Marchevsky, S. M. Lima, L. M. Martins, C. Hooper, V. Paula, L. Gaspar, M. Freire, M. A. Pinto
Priorities for new hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine include the existence of susceptible animal models to perform studies of infectivity, pathogenesis, humoral and cellular immunity, cytokine responses, antiviral drugs and vaccine efficacy. Previous study demonstrated that guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) appeared useful for studying some aspects of HAV pathogenesis and for testing safety of vaccines. The experimental infection was studied in twelve guinea-pigs inoculated intraperitoneally; four of them with the Brazilian HAV wild strain (HAF-203 accession: GenBank AF268396) (group 1); four received HAF-203 strain adapted to FRhK-4 cells (group 2) and, four uninfected animals inoculated only with medium 199 (group 3). One animal of each group was killed on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 postinoculation. All parameters investigated were normal, including liver histology, serum ALT/AST levels and absence of RNA HAV in feces or liver samples. The seroconversion, at days 28 and 56 (group 1) confirmed HAV inoculation. However, anti-HAV titer alone did not guarantee immunity or predict susceptibility. We were unable to establish a guinea-pig as model of HAV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.34
{"title":"GUINEA PIG (CAVIA PORCELLUS) CAN BE OR NOT USED AS AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL TO STUDY HEPATITIS A VIRUS INFECTION","authors":"F. M. C. Araujo, R. Marchevsky, S. M. Lima, L. M. Martins, C. Hooper, V. Paula, L. Gaspar, M. Freire, M. A. Pinto","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.34","url":null,"abstract":"Priorities for new hepatitis A virus (HAV) vaccine include the existence of susceptible animal models to perform studies of infectivity, pathogenesis, humoral and cellular immunity, cytokine responses, antiviral drugs and vaccine efficacy. Previous study demonstrated that guinea-pigs (Cavia porcellus) appeared useful for studying some aspects of HAV pathogenesis and for testing safety of vaccines. The experimental infection was studied in twelve guinea-pigs inoculated intraperitoneally; four of them with the Brazilian HAV wild strain (HAF-203 accession: GenBank AF268396) (group 1); four received HAF-203 strain adapted to FRhK-4 cells (group 2) and, four uninfected animals inoculated only with medium 199 (group 3). One animal of each group was killed on days 14, 28, 42 and 56 postinoculation. All parameters investigated were normal, including liver histology, serum ALT/AST levels and absence of RNA HAV in feces or liver samples. The seroconversion, at days 28 and 56 (group 1) confirmed HAV inoculation. However, anti-HAV titer alone did not guarantee immunity or predict susceptibility. We were unable to establish a guinea-pig as model of HAV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.34","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-17DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.37
E. Daher, R. S. A. Lima, D. Brunetta, G. B. S. Junior, R. Puster, K. L. S. Abreu, A. Garcia, S. M. Araújo, S. Silva, R. Neto
Dengue is the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, laboratory features and outcome of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This is a retrospective study including 49 consecutive patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Fortaleza, Brazil, between February and August 2005. Statistical analysis was performed through the software SPSS 10.0 for windows. Patients’ mean age was 34.8±16.8 years; 59.2% were female. The main clinical signs and symptoms at admission were: fever (95.9%), headache (91.8%), myalgia (87.8%), abdominal pain (77.5%) and asthenia (73.5%). Hemorrhagic manifestations were present in 29 (59.2%) patients, including petechia (32.7%), gingival bleeding (18.4%), epistaxis (12.2%), echimosis (12.2%) and melena (12.2%). The tourniquet test was positive in 3 of 11 patients (27.2%). Platelets count at admission was 82,644±53,147/mm³. All patients presented platelets < 100,000/mm 3 . There was significant difference between admission and hospital discharge platelets count (82,644±53,147 vs. 146,081±88,999/mm³, p < 0.001). There was significant decrease between admission and hospital discharge haemoglobin and hematocrit (13.5±1.9 vs. 12.7±1.5/mm³, P = 0.002 and 41.0±5.9% vs. 38.6±4.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). All patients received venous hydration with saline solution. The mean infusion used was 2,513±1,065 mL daily. Four patients (8.1%) received blood transfusions and 9 (18.3%) platelets transfusions. Two patients died (4.1%) due to hypovolemic shock. Dengue is an endemic disease in emergent countries, with potential fatal outcome. Signs and symptoms suggestive of dengue hemorrhagic fever must be known by any physician in order to institute early adequate treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.37
登革热是世界上最常见的虫媒病毒性疾病。本研究的目的是评估登革出血热的临床表现、实验室特征和转归。这是一项回顾性研究，包括2005年2月至8月在巴西福塔莱萨连续49例登革出血热患者。采用SPSS 10.0 for windows软件进行统计分析。患者平均年龄34.8±16.8岁;59.2%为女性。入院时主要临床症状为:发热(95.9%)、头痛(91.8%)、肌痛(87.8%)、腹痛(77.5%)、乏力(73.5%)。29例(59.2%)患者出现出血表现，包括瘀点(32.7%)、牙龈出血(18.4%)、鼻出血(12.2%)、瘀斑(12.2%)和黑黑(12.2%)。11例患者中止血带试验阳性3例(27.2%)。入院时血小板计数为82,644±53147 /mm³。所有患者血小板均< 100,000/mm 3。入院与出院时血小板计数有显著差异(82,644±53,147 vs. 146,081±88,999/mm³，p < 0.001)。入院和出院时血红蛋白和红细胞压积显著降低(分别为13.5±1.9比12.7±1.5/mm³，P = 0.002和41.0±5.9%比38.6±4.8%，P = 0.001)。所有患者均给予生理盐水静脉补水。平均每日输注2513±1065 mL。输血4例(8.1%)，输血小板9例(18.3%)。2例(4.1%)患者死于低血容量性休克。登革热是新兴国家的一种地方病，具有潜在的致命后果。任何医生都必须了解提示登革出血热的体征和症状，以便及早进行适当的治疗。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.37
{"title":"DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE STATE OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL, 2005","authors":"E. Daher, R. S. A. Lima, D. Brunetta, G. B. S. Junior, R. Puster, K. L. S. Abreu, A. Garcia, S. M. Araújo, S. Silva, R. Neto","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Dengue is the most common cause of arboviral disease in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, laboratory features and outcome of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This is a retrospective study including 49 consecutive patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever in Fortaleza, Brazil, between February and August 2005. Statistical analysis was performed through the software SPSS 10.0 for windows. Patients’ mean age was 34.8±16.8 years; 59.2% were female. The main clinical signs and symptoms at admission were: fever (95.9%), headache (91.8%), myalgia (87.8%), abdominal pain (77.5%) and asthenia (73.5%). Hemorrhagic manifestations were present in 29 (59.2%) patients, including petechia (32.7%), gingival bleeding (18.4%), epistaxis (12.2%), echimosis (12.2%) and melena (12.2%). The tourniquet test was positive in 3 of 11 patients (27.2%). Platelets count at admission was 82,644±53,147/mm³. All patients presented platelets < 100,000/mm 3 . There was significant difference between admission and hospital discharge platelets count (82,644±53,147 vs. 146,081±88,999/mm³, p < 0.001). There was significant decrease between admission and hospital discharge haemoglobin and hematocrit (13.5±1.9 vs. 12.7±1.5/mm³, P = 0.002 and 41.0±5.9% vs. 38.6±4.8%, p = 0.001, respectively). All patients received venous hydration with saline solution. The mean infusion used was 2,513±1,065 mL daily. Four patients (8.1%) received blood transfusions and 9 (18.3%) platelets transfusions. Two patients died (4.1%) due to hypovolemic shock. Dengue is an endemic disease in emergent countries, with potential fatal outcome. Signs and symptoms suggestive of dengue hemorrhagic fever must be known by any physician in order to institute early adequate treatment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.37","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Rocha, Luciano Belloti, D. L. Pavão, Karen G. Damasco, R. Harakava, M. F. Alves, R. F. Gonçalves, M. D’Angelo
The concern about the transmission of infectious diseases by the use of biotechnologies, like in vitro fertilization (IVF), has been increasing. The aim of this study was to verify the clastogenic alterations in the DNA of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cells (BOEC) infected or not with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), for 24 hours, by the use of the Comet Assay or Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE). The nuclear change was evaluated by measuring the extent of DNA damage, where it was possible to observe 1.7% of level II comet and 2.1% of level IV in the BOEC group “in situ“. However, in BOEC infected by the virus the damages observed were 13.8% comet level I, 0.6% level III and 1.2% level IV. The MDBK cells not infected group showed displayed 1.9% level II and the infected group 26% level I, 12.3 % level II and 6.1 % level III. All groups, regardless if they were infected or not by the virus, were considered positive by the comet assay, maybe because there has not been virus association with the cell DNA. The number of comets detected in the BOEC “in situ” corresponds to spontaneous mutations that use to be present in organisms with failure of DNA repair. In vitro established and primary cells show greater failure frequency in DNA repair mechanisms, and may present more mutations. Therefore, in vitro models provide better conditions to mimic in vivo conditions. These data have demonstrated that not always the IVF problems are due to pathogens infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.38
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CLASTOGENIC ACTION OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 (BOHV-1) IN PRIMARY AND ESTABLISHED CELL CULTURES","authors":"E. Rocha, Luciano Belloti, D. L. Pavão, Karen G. Damasco, R. Harakava, M. F. Alves, R. F. Gonçalves, M. D’Angelo","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I1.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I1.38","url":null,"abstract":"The concern about the transmission of infectious diseases by the use of biotechnologies, like in vitro fertilization (IVF), has been increasing. The aim of this study was to verify the clastogenic alterations in the DNA of Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) and Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cells (BOEC) infected or not with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), for 24 hours, by the use of the Comet Assay or Single-Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE). The nuclear change was evaluated by measuring the extent of DNA damage, where it was possible to observe 1.7% of level II comet and 2.1% of level IV in the BOEC group “in situ“. However, in BOEC infected by the virus the damages observed were 13.8% comet level I, 0.6% level III and 1.2% level IV. The MDBK cells not infected group showed displayed 1.9% level II and the infected group 26% level I, 12.3 % level II and 6.1 % level III. All groups, regardless if they were infected or not by the virus, were considered positive by the comet assay, maybe because there has not been virus association with the cell DNA. The number of comets detected in the BOEC “in situ” corresponds to spontaneous mutations that use to be present in organisms with failure of DNA repair. In vitro established and primary cells show greater failure frequency in DNA repair mechanisms, and may present more mutations. Therefore, in vitro models provide better conditions to mimic in vivo conditions. These data have demonstrated that not always the IVF problems are due to pathogens infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.38","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"91 2 1","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaqueline Raymondi Silva, A. A. Pinto, A. O. T. Carrasco
Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is one of the most devastating diseases of the domestic fowl. Domestic pigeon (Columba livia) are related as host and disseminating of ND to poultry and wild birds, but some aspects of epidemiology are still unclear. In this study, conventional microtiter hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed to evaluate the antibodies production of experimentally infected pigeons with a pathogenic strain of NDV and vaccinated pigeons with live vaccine strains LaSota and Ulster. The tests were performed using two different antigens to evaluate the possible differences between the results. The use of different antigens had influenced the HI test results for both experimentally infected and vaccinated pigeons. While higher HI titers of experimentally infected pigeons were obtained using LaSota as antigen, the opposite was observed with vaccinated pigeons, where the occurrence of higher titers were observed using Ulster as antigen. Our data suggest that these aspects should be considered in HI tests procedure, in order to obtain results closer to the real immune response of birds infected with NDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.41
{"title":"THE USE OF HOMOLOGOUS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTIGENS IN HEMMAGLUTINATION-INHIBITION (HI) TEST FOR DETECTION OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN VACCINATED AND EXPERIMENTALLY INFECTED PIGEONS (Columba livia)","authors":"Jaqueline Raymondi Silva, A. A. Pinto, A. O. T. Carrasco","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I1.41","url":null,"abstract":"Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) is one of the most devastating diseases of the domestic fowl. Domestic pigeon (Columba livia) are related as host and disseminating of ND to poultry and wild birds, but some aspects of epidemiology are still unclear. In this study, conventional microtiter hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed to evaluate the antibodies production of experimentally infected pigeons with a pathogenic strain of NDV and vaccinated pigeons with live vaccine strains LaSota and Ulster. The tests were performed using two different antigens to evaluate the possible differences between the results. The use of different antigens had influenced the HI test results for both experimentally infected and vaccinated pigeons. While higher HI titers of experimentally infected pigeons were obtained using LaSota as antigen, the opposite was observed with vaccinated pigeons, where the occurrence of higher titers were observed using Ulster as antigen. Our data suggest that these aspects should be considered in HI tests procedure, in order to obtain results closer to the real immune response of birds infected with NDV. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.41","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Caron, M. G. Joineau, E. Santin, R. Richartz, M. A. Patrício, V. Soccol
Since the beginning of the 20th Century, Influenza can be understood as an illness associated to a viral infection, and its etiological agent can be better characterized. From then on, the swine species has occupied a prominent place in the Influenza epidemiology, for it allows the circulation and replication of viruses of potentially human and avian origin. The aim of the present study was to determine the current seroprevalence for the H3N2 virus subtype in two types of pig-raising systems in the state of Parana-Brazil. The first one represents pig farms, with an adequate health, nutritional, and environmental management; and the second one represents pig runs, without an adequate health, nutritional, and environmental management. To accomplish these aims, 675 blood samples of pigs were analyzed by HI (hemagglutination inhibition) assay and the interference of the pig management and climatic conditions of each region were analyzed. The results showed that 46% of the pig farms are positive, as opposed to 6% of the pig runs; and 20% of the animals on pig farms are serum positive, as opposed to 3% of the animals in pig runs. Likewise, the samples coming from colder areas in Parana presented, as a rule, a high positivity index. The results allow concluding that the virus is present in pig-raising facilities, and the strategies for preventing future epidemics and epizooties must consider the role of swine as an important factor in the epidemiology of influenza. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.36
{"title":"SEROPREVALENCE OF H3N2 INFLUENZA A VIRUS IN PIGS FROM PARANÁ (SOUTH BRAZIL): INTERFERENCE OF THE ANIMAL MANAGEMENT AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS","authors":"L. Caron, M. G. Joineau, E. Santin, R. Richartz, M. A. Patrício, V. Soccol","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Since the beginning of the 20th Century, Influenza can be understood as an illness associated to a viral infection, and its etiological agent can be better characterized. From then on, the swine species has occupied a prominent place in the Influenza epidemiology, for it allows the circulation and replication of viruses of potentially human and avian origin. The aim of the present study was to determine the current seroprevalence for the H3N2 virus subtype in two types of pig-raising systems in the state of Parana-Brazil. The first one represents pig farms, with an adequate health, nutritional, and environmental management; and the second one represents pig runs, without an adequate health, nutritional, and environmental management. To accomplish these aims, 675 blood samples of pigs were analyzed by HI (hemagglutination inhibition) assay and the interference of the pig management and climatic conditions of each region were analyzed. The results showed that 46% of the pig farms are positive, as opposed to 6% of the pig runs; and 20% of the animals on pig farms are serum positive, as opposed to 3% of the animals in pig runs. Likewise, the samples coming from colder areas in Parana presented, as a rule, a high positivity index. The results allow concluding that the virus is present in pig-raising facilities, and the strategies for preventing future epidemics and epizooties must consider the role of swine as an important factor in the epidemiology of influenza. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.36","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus associated with an AIDS-like syndrome in the domestic cat. The hallmark of the infection is a gradual depletion of CD4+helper T lymphocytes. The FIV enter cells by sequential interaction between its envelope glycoprotein (ENV) and the primary receptors, CD 134, and subsequently with the co-receptor the chemokine recepotrs CXCR4. The expression of those receptors is restricted to activated cells. The FIV possesses a broad tropism for CD4+lymphocytes, CD8+lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. CD4+ cell has the greatest provirus burden during the acute phase of infection but during the chronic phase, asymptomatic stage, B cells bears the major FIV provirus. This change could be the result of the different way that the ENV interacts with its receptors. This review is a brief overview of the interaction between FIV and its receptors. The molecular mechanisms of this relation and the viral cell tropism with disease progression not only did are important to development of vaccine approaches and therapeutic interventions but also to the understanding of pathogenesis of lentiviruses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.39
{"title":"FELINE IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ITS RECEPTORS","authors":"B. M. Teixeira, B. Willett, M. Hosie, M. Hagiwara","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V15I1.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V15I1.39","url":null,"abstract":"Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a lentivirus associated with an AIDS-like syndrome in the domestic cat. The hallmark of the infection is a gradual depletion of CD4+helper T lymphocytes. The FIV enter cells by sequential interaction between its envelope glycoprotein (ENV) and the primary receptors, CD 134, and subsequently with the co-receptor the chemokine recepotrs CXCR4. The expression of those receptors is restricted to activated cells. The FIV possesses a broad tropism for CD4+lymphocytes, CD8+lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. CD4+ cell has the greatest provirus burden during the acute phase of infection but during the chronic phase, asymptomatic stage, B cells bears the major FIV provirus. This change could be the result of the different way that the ENV interacts with its receptors. This review is a brief overview of the interaction between FIV and its receptors. The molecular mechanisms of this relation and the viral cell tropism with disease progression not only did are important to development of vaccine approaches and therapeutic interventions but also to the understanding of pathogenesis of lentiviruses. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v15i1.39","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-01-17DOI: 10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.35
J. Camara, J. Simonetti, S. R. Simonetti, Rosemary Suely Ribeiro, M. Costa, C. Lopes, H. Schatzmayr, S. Carvalho
Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus and the transmission occurs from mother to child, by sexual contact or by blood transfusion. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence ratio of HTLV infection in a group of 389 pregnant women attending at Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The specimens were screened for HTLV antibodies by ELISA and reactive samples were submitted to a Western Blot (WB) for confirmation. Detection of HTLV-I provirus in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and breast milk mononuclear cells (BMMC) from the seropositive women, was performed by PCR using primers for LTR, tax, pol regions. Of the 389 pregnant women tested, four (1%) were HTLV-I seropositive and three were indeterminate in the WB. PCR was done in three of the seropositive cases and HTLV-I provirus was detected in PBMC and BMMC from two of them. Three blood samples (0.8%) that presented WB indeterminate patterns, were negative by PCR. Our data indicate that the frequency of HTLV-I infection among pregnant women is relatively high in Rio de Janeiro and that preventive measures against the vertical transmission of the virus must be adopted in Brazil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.35
人类I型T淋巴细胞病毒(HTLV-I)是一种逆转录病毒，可通过性接触或输血从母亲传染给儿童。本研究旨在评估在巴西里约热内卢Fiocruz Fernandes Figueira研究所就诊的389名孕妇HTLV感染的患病率。采用ELISA法对标本进行HTLV抗体筛选，反应性标本进行Western Blot (WB)检测。采用PCR方法检测血清阳性妇女外周血单核细胞(PBMC)和母乳单核细胞(BMMC) DNA中的HTLV-I原病毒，引物为LTR、tax、pol区。在接受检测的389名孕妇中，4名(1%)HTLV-I血清阳性，3名WB不确定。对3例血清阳性病例进行PCR检测，其中2例PBMC和BMMC中检测到HTLV-I原病毒。3份血样(0.8%)呈WB不确定型，PCR阴性。我们的数据表明，巴西巴西孕妇HTLV-I感染的频率相对较高，巴西必须采取预防措施防止病毒的垂直传播。DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.35
{"title":"Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I Infection in Pregnant Women in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil","authors":"J. Camara, J. Simonetti, S. R. Simonetti, Rosemary Suely Ribeiro, M. Costa, C. Lopes, H. Schatzmayr, S. Carvalho","doi":"10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRRJOURNAL.V15I1.35","url":null,"abstract":"Human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is a retrovirus and the transmission occurs from mother to child, by sexual contact or by blood transfusion. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence ratio of HTLV infection in a group of 389 pregnant women attending at Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The specimens were screened for HTLV antibodies by ELISA and reactive samples were submitted to a Western Blot (WB) for confirmation. Detection of HTLV-I provirus in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and breast milk mononuclear cells (BMMC) from the seropositive women, was performed by PCR using primers for LTR, tax, pol regions. Of the 389 pregnant women tested, four (1%) were HTLV-I seropositive and three were indeterminate in the WB. PCR was done in three of the seropositive cases and HTLV-I provirus was detected in PBMC and BMMC from two of them. Three blood samples (0.8%) that presented WB indeterminate patterns, were negative by PCR. Our data indicate that the frequency of HTLV-I infection among pregnant women is relatively high in Rio de Janeiro and that preventive measures against the vertical transmission of the virus must be adopted in Brazil. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrrjournal.v15i1.35","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67516396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Barreto, H. Schatzmayr, C. Takiya, F. C. Jácome, M. Silva, N. Faria, R. Nogueira, O. Barth
Histological and ultrastructural alterations in lung of BALB/c mice reinfected with heterologous DENV by the intravenous route with non-neuroadapted dengue viruses serotypes 1 and 2 were analyzed. The lung samples were processed following the standard techniques of photonic and transmission electron microscopy. Morphological studies showed breakdown of alveolocapilar barrier leading to alveolitis, focal zones of collapse, and intraalveolar hemorrhage. Inside alveolar septa, congested capillaries exhibited neutrophils and platelets. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells exhibited aspects of activation with exuberant phylopodia and intracytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. Morphometrical analyses demonstrated an increase of the surface density of interalveolar septa in all reinfected mice while alveolar space density was decreased. All these morphometrical data corroborated the histological features emphasizing the alveolocapilar breakdrown in dengue infected animals. Important is the fact that reinfection leads to intraalveolar fibrogenesis as demonstrated by histomorphometry and ultrastructural studies. DENV particles, antigens and RNA were observed 72 hours post-reinfection in mosquito cells (C6/36) inoculated with sera of the animals. The morphological alterations observed in lungs were similar to the observed in human cases of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The present study demonstrates that the BALB/c mice, during the secondary infection by a heterologous serotype of DENV, develop morphological alterations in lung tissue more severe than those observed in the primary infection.
{"title":"HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES OF LUNG TISSUE OF MICE REINFECTED WITH DENGUE VIRUS SEROTYPES 1 OR 2","authors":"D. Barreto, H. Schatzmayr, C. Takiya, F. C. Jácome, M. Silva, N. Faria, R. Nogueira, O. Barth","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I2.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I2.28","url":null,"abstract":"Histological and ultrastructural alterations in lung of BALB/c mice reinfected \u0000with heterologous DENV by the intravenous route with non-neuroadapted dengue \u0000viruses serotypes 1 and 2 were analyzed. The lung samples were processed following \u0000the standard techniques of photonic and transmission electron microscopy. \u0000Morphological studies showed breakdown of alveolocapilar barrier leading to alveolitis, \u0000focal zones of collapse, and intraalveolar hemorrhage. Inside alveolar septa, congested \u0000capillaries exhibited neutrophils and platelets. Alveolar capillary endothelial cells \u0000exhibited aspects of activation with exuberant phylopodia and intracytoplasmic vesicles \u0000and vacuoles. Morphometrical analyses demonstrated an increase of the surface density \u0000of interalveolar septa in all reinfected mice while alveolar space density was decreased. \u0000All these morphometrical data corroborated the histological features emphasizing the \u0000alveolocapilar breakdrown in dengue infected animals. Important is the fact that \u0000reinfection leads to intraalveolar fibrogenesis as demonstrated by histomorphometry and \u0000ultrastructural studies. DENV particles, antigens and RNA were observed 72 hours \u0000post-reinfection in mosquito cells (C6/36) inoculated with sera of the animals. The \u0000morphological alterations observed in lungs were similar to the observed in human \u0000cases of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. The present study demonstrates \u0000that the BALB/c mice, during the secondary infection by a heterologous serotype of \u0000DENV, develop morphological alterations in lung tissue more severe than those \u0000observed in the primary infection.","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67514996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. R. Simonetti, D. Lima, H. Schatzmayr, Bruno R. Simonetti, D. Sztajnbok, M. Lago, J. Simonetti
Twenty-one vertically HIV-1 infected children were assessed for drug resistance genotyping. Eighteen children presented at least one mutation conferring resistance to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and seven children presented resistance to the non-nucleoside inhibitors. Among them, two children in whom the therapy had been discontinued two to three years before testing presented K101E, K103N, and G190A mutations conferring resistance to all the non-nucleoside drugs available for treatment. Protease gene mutations conferring resistance to at least two to up to twelve drugs were reported in 12 children. Studies in HIV-infected children have a particular meaning, and with antiretroviral therapy becoming more widely available, surveillance of viral resistance regional levels is relevant for treatment guidelines, supporting the rational use of antiretroviral drugs by treatment programs. Additional larger studies are still required to give more information on HIV-1 drug resistance in pediatric patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.29
{"title":"HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE ASSESSMENT IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS","authors":"S. R. Simonetti, D. Lima, H. Schatzmayr, Bruno R. Simonetti, D. Sztajnbok, M. Lago, J. Simonetti","doi":"10.17525/VRR.V14I2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17525/VRR.V14I2.29","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-one vertically HIV-1 infected children were assessed for drug resistance genotyping. Eighteen children presented at least one mutation conferring resistance to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and seven children presented resistance to the non-nucleoside inhibitors. Among them, two children in whom the therapy had been discontinued two to three years before testing presented K101E, K103N, and G190A mutations conferring resistance to all the non-nucleoside drugs available for treatment. Protease gene mutations conferring resistance to at least two to up to twelve drugs were reported in 12 children. Studies in HIV-infected children have a particular meaning, and with antiretroviral therapy becoming more widely available, surveillance of viral resistance regional levels is relevant for treatment guidelines, supporting the rational use of antiretroviral drugs by treatment programs. Additional larger studies are still required to give more information on HIV-1 drug resistance in pediatric patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17525/vrr.v14i2.29","PeriodicalId":30621,"journal":{"name":"Virus Reviews Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67515016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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