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E-Commerce Adoption Model for Traditional Retailers in Developing Countries 发展中国家传统零售商的电子商务采用模式
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0159
Husam Yaseen, K. Dingley, M. Alhusban, Amal Alhosban
It is generally believed that B2C ecommerce will help businesses in developing countries to reduce cost and to improve their access to global market. Yet, developing countries are still some way from success in their adoption of B2C ecommerce. This paper attempts to provide insights into the salient e-commerce adoption issues by focusing on traditional Jordanian retailers. A focus group was conducted with traditional retailers from various businesses types in Jordan. Five themes have emerged in the context of this paper: the common understanding of e-commerce concepts, barriers, and drivers from retailers’ view, the readiness and willingness towards e-commerce adoption, and potential solutions where e-commerce can take off and encourage traditional retailers. The study revealed that traditional retailers in Jordan are fully aware of e-commerce benefits and they showed a willingness to adopt e-commerce. However, the participants were agreed about the lack of awareness and knowledge of what is needed to be done. Also, there were many concerns about the absence of government support. Based on the findings, the study developed a conceptual model which attempts to illustrate the essential requirements to help businesses successfully adopt ecommerce.
人们普遍认为,B2C电子商务将帮助发展中国家的企业降低成本,并改善他们进入全球市场的机会。然而,发展中国家距离成功采用B2C电子商务还有一段路要走。本文试图通过关注传统的约旦零售商,为突出的电子商务采用问题提供见解。对约旦各种商业类型的传统零售商进行了焦点小组讨论。在本文的背景下,出现了五个主题:对电子商务概念的共同理解,零售商观点中的障碍和驱动因素,对电子商务采用的准备和意愿,以及电子商务可以起飞并鼓励传统零售商的潜在解决方案。研究显示,约旦的传统零售商充分意识到电子商务的好处,并表现出采用电子商务的意愿。然而,与会者一致认为缺乏对需要做什么的认识和知识。此外,人们对缺乏政府支持也有很多担忧。基于这些发现,该研究开发了一个概念模型,试图说明帮助企业成功采用电子商务的基本要求。
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引用次数: 6
An Exploratory Study for the Role of System Mind in Creative Design Thinking 系统思维在创造性设计思维中的探索性研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0161
J. Mustafa
One of the key strategic aspects of creative design thinking described by Nigel Cross is taking a broad systems approach or what is called "system mind". This paper aims to clarify the "system mind" in the design process, through which novel architectural design concepts can be achieved. The general problem is to reveal the places where the system mind is used in the design process. The characteristics and context of this strategy are reconstructed from previous literature. Based on the analytical approach a case study has been conducted, and the indicators of system mind have been identified within the general frame of creative thinking. The results show that system mind is used twice effectively while shaping the body of a holistic design concept
奈杰尔·克罗斯(Nigel Cross)所描述的创造性设计思维的关键战略方面之一是采用广泛的系统方法或所谓的“系统思维”。本文旨在厘清设计过程中的“系统思维”,通过“系统思维”来实现新颖的建筑设计理念。一般的问题是揭示在设计过程中使用系统思维的地方。这一策略的特点和背景是根据以往的文献重建的。在分析方法的基础上,进行了一个案例研究,并在创造性思维的一般框架内确定了系统思维的指标。结果表明,在塑造整体设计概念的主体时,系统思维被有效地运用了两次
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引用次数: 0
Integrating Technology in Teachers’ Profession 在教师专业中整合技术
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2017.0162
Fawzieh Makkawi
The continuous fast developing field of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) is affecting every aspect of our life including education. The purpose of this research is to show the importance of ICT knowledge in Teachers’ education journey (preservice and inservice). The first part of this paper discusses the teacher’s professional knowledge. The second part discusses ICT in Education. Section three explains and discusses the TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) model. Part four and five discuss preservice teachers’ education and inservice teachers’ training respectively. Last part sheds the lights on the benefits of teachers’ networks. Finally, in the digital world we are living, teachers need to be digitally knowledgeable to be able to lead the students to be critically engaged active members.
信息通信技术(ICT)领域的持续快速发展正在影响我们生活的方方面面,包括教育。本研究的目的是显示ICT知识在教师教育旅程(职前和在职)中的重要性。本文第一部分论述了教师的专业知识。第二部分讨论了信息通信技术在教育中的应用。第三部分对TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge,技术教学内容知识)模型进行了解释和讨论。第四部分和第五部分分别讨论了职前教师教育和在职教师培训。最后一部分阐述了教师网络的好处。最后,在我们生活的数字世界里,教师需要有数字知识,能够引导学生成为批判性参与的积极成员。
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引用次数: 1
EDIT: an Educational Design Intelligence Tool for supporting design decisions 编辑:支持设计决策的教育设计智能工具
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.20533/iji.1742.4712.2017.0160
A. Bafail
Designing for learning is a complex task and considered one of the most fundamental activities of teaching practitioners. A well-balanced teaching system ensures that all aspects of teaching, from the intended learning outcomes, the teaching and learning activities used, and the assessment tasks are all associated and aligned to each other (Biggs, 1996). This guarantees appropriate and therefore effective student engagement. The design and promotion of constructively aligned teaching practices has been supported to some degree by the development of software tools that attempt to support teaching practitioners in the design process and assist them in the development of more informed design decisions. Despite the potential of the existing tools, these tools have several limitations in respect of the support and guidance provided and cannot be adapted according to how the design pattern works in practice. Therefore; there is a real need to incorporate an intelligent metric system that enables intelligent design decisions to be made not only theoretically according to pedagogical theories but also practically based on good design practices according to high levels of satisfaction scores. To overcome the limitations of existing design tools, this research explores machine learning techniques; in particular artificial neural networks as an innovative approach for building an Educational Intelligence Design Tool EDIT that supports teaching practitioners to measure, align, and edit their teaching designs based on good design practices and on the pedagogic theory of constructive alignment. Student satisfaction scores are utilized as indicators of good design practice to identify meaningful alignment ranges for the main components of Tepper's metric (2006). It is suggested that modules designed within those ranges will be well-formed and constructively aligned and potentially yield higher student satisfaction. On this basis, the research had developed a substantial module design database with 519 design patterns spanning 476 modules from the STEM discipline. This is considered the first substantial database compared to the state-of-the-art Learning Design Support Environment (LDSE)(Laurillard, 2011), which includes 122 design patterns available. In order to have a neural-based framework for EDIT, a neural auto-encoder was incorporated to act as an auto-associative memory that learns on the basis of exposure to sets of 'good' design patterns. 519 generated design patterns were coded as input criteria and introduced to the designed neural network with feed-forward multilayer perceptron architecture using the IV hyperbolic tangent function and back-propagation training algorithm for learning the desired task. After successful training (88%), the testing phase was followed by presenting 102 new patterns (associated with low student satisfaction) to the network where higher pattern errors were generated suggesting substantial design changes to input patte
为学习而设计是一项复杂的任务,被认为是教学从业者最基本的活动之一。一个平衡良好的教学体系可以确保教学的各个方面,从预期的学习成果、使用的教学和学习活动,到评估任务,都是相互关联和一致的(Biggs, 1996)。这保证了适当的,因此有效的学生参与。设计和推广建设性一致的教学实践在一定程度上得到了软件工具开发的支持,这些工具试图在设计过程中支持教学从业者,并帮助他们制定更明智的设计决策。尽管现有工具具有潜力,但这些工具在提供的支持和指导方面存在一些限制,并且不能根据设计模式在实践中的工作方式进行调整。因此;我们确实需要整合一个智能度量系统,使智能设计决策不仅在理论上根据教学理论做出,而且在实践中根据高水平的满意度分数基于良好的设计实践做出。为了克服现有设计工具的局限性,本研究探索了机器学习技术;特别是人工神经网络作为一种创新的方法来构建教育智能设计工具EDIT,它支持教学从业者基于良好的设计实践和建设性对齐的教学理论来测量、对齐和编辑他们的教学设计。学生满意度分数被用作良好设计实践的指标,以确定Tepper度量(2006)的主要组成部分的有意义的对齐范围。建议在这些范围内设计的模块将是良好的和建设性的对齐,并有可能产生更高的学生满意度。在此基础上,本研究开发了一个包含519种设计模式的模块设计数据库,涵盖了来自STEM学科的476个模块。与最先进的学习设计支持环境(LDSE)(Laurillard, 2011)相比,这被认为是第一个实质性的数据库,LDSE包括122种可用的设计模式。为了给EDIT提供一个基于神经的框架,我们加入了一个神经自动编码器,作为一种自动联想记忆,它可以根据一系列“好的”设计模式进行学习。将生成的519种设计模式编码为输入准则,并使用IV双曲正切函数和反向传播训练算法将其引入设计的具有前馈多层感知器架构的神经网络中,以学习所需的任务。在成功训练(88%)之后,测试阶段随后向网络呈现102个新模式(与低学生满意度相关),其中产生了更高的模式错误,表明网络对输入模式产生了实质性的设计更改。研究结果在显示测试模式(前)和(后)的变化程度以及评估模块设计的核心特征与总体学生满意度之间的关系方面具有重要意义。t检验分析结果显示,学习成果与学习目标的一致性得分(V1)和学习目标与教学活动的一致性得分(V2)在测试集(前)和测试集(后)差异有统计学意义,而学习成果与评估任务的一致性得分(V3)差异无统计学意义。该网络在V1、V2和V3的对齐分数上分别给出了0.9、1.5和0.5的平均改进。这使得平均满意度得分从3.3分提高到3.8分。因此,学生满意度与取向分数之间存在不同程度的正相关。EDIT,以其数据为导向和自适应的设计方法,揭示了正统的做法,同时揭示了一些意想不到的对齐理论和设计实践之间的不一致。例如,正如预期的那样,增加提问、互动和以小组为基础的活动的数量可以提高学生的满意度,即使可能存在偏差。然而,对于学习成果和学习目标的一致性,该模型是相对矛盾的,这表明从业者之间对于这些是如何相关的存在一些混淆。此外,在为不同类型的教学、学习和评估任务定义会话学习目标时,这种混淆似乎持续存在,因为根据布鲁姆的分类法,活动本身似乎处于比各自学习目标更高的认知水平(导致积极的错位)。
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引用次数: 1
The Impact of a Collaborative Knowledge Base on a Fostering Communities of Learners model in Post-Secondary Large Lectures 协作知识库对高等院校大型讲座中学习者社区培养模式的影响
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0163
S. Ehrlick, J. Slotta
This design-based research study of a second year undergraduate course involved the enactment of the Fostering Communities of Learners (FCL) pedagogical model augmented with elements of the Knowledge Community and Inquiry (KCI) model by the addition of a digital collaborative knowledge base (CKB). The study involved the re-design of a course comprised of lectures and break-out tutorials which covered basic business concepts for undergraduate media students. The investigation examined the ways in which a learning community pedagogical approach could be enacted in an undergraduate large lecture course through a scaffolded, complex curricular design that utilizes active and inquiry-based learning. By appropriating design elements from KCI, a CKB was introduced as a major research element in the curricular design. The CKB was intended to be a persistent online hub of ideas, serving as a resource for completion of a major group project. Results indicate that students participated in more individual inquiry, collaborated with peers and perceived themselves to be part of a class-wide learning community. The study concluded that a learning community ethos can be established in an undergraduate large lecture through the recursive cycle of individual inquiry, research discussion in lectures and by reference to CKB research exercises in group tutorial sessions by way of reciprocal teaching, cross-talk and jigsaw activities.
这项基于设计的本科二年级研究涉及制定学习者培养社区(FCL)教学模式,通过增加数字协作知识库(CKB),增强了知识社区和探究(KCI)模式的元素。这项研究涉及重新设计一门课程,包括讲座和分组教程,为媒体本科学生提供基本的商业概念。本研究考察了在本科大型讲座课程中,通过利用主动和探究性学习的框架式、复杂的课程设计,可以实施学习社区教学方法的方式。通过借鉴KCI的设计元素,将CKB作为课程设计的主要研究元素。CKB旨在成为一个持久的在线思想中心,作为完成主要小组项目的资源。结果表明,学生参与了更多的个人探究,与同伴合作,并将自己视为班级学习社区的一部分。本研究认为,大学生大型讲座可以通过个人探究、讲座中的研究讨论和小组导师课中CKB研究练习的递归循环,以互惠教学、相声和拼图活动的方式建立学习社区精神。
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引用次数: 2
The Effect of Peer Collaboration with ViLLE on Success in Financing Mathematics 基于ViLLE的同行协作对融资数学成功的影响
Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0157
Matti Kuikka, M. Laakso
In this paper, we describe how collaborative use of an electronic assessment tool improves students’ learning results in Financing Mathematics in higher education. Financing Mathematics was taught as part of the Business Mathematics course in the first year studies for Bachelor’s degree students in the International Business program at Turku University of Applied Sciences. The assessment was carried out with the collaborative educational tool ViLLE. The Business Mathematics course consists of Business Statistics and Financing Mathematics. The Financing Mathematics course component was used for the purpose of this research. In the Business Statistics course component, the students worked independently, whereas in Financing Mathematics, the students also worked in pairs with the tool. The independently working students formed the control group and the students working in pairs formed the treatment group in this quasi-experimental study. The paper reveals that students working in pairs with the ViLLE tool achieved better exam results than the students working independently. This finding is in agreement with the findings of similar research studies on programming. The collaboration between students seems to be the key reason for the better results of the students working in pairs in this paper.
在本文中,我们描述了如何协作使用电子评估工具提高学生在高等教育金融数学的学习结果。金融数学是图尔库应用科学大学国际商务专业学士学位学生第一年学习商业数学课程的一部分。评估是通过协作教育工具ViLLE进行的。商业数学课程包括商业统计和金融数学。本研究采用金融数学课程组成部分。在商业统计课程中,学生们独立作业,而在金融数学课程中,学生们也结对使用该工具。在准实验研究中,独立工作的学生为对照组,结对工作的学生为实验组。论文显示,使用ViLLE工具进行结对学习的学生比独立学习的学生取得了更好的考试成绩。这一发现与关于编程的类似研究结果一致。在本文中,学生之间的合作似乎是学生结对作业效果更好的关键原因。
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引用次数: 1
An Option of Hybrid Virtual Labs in an Introductory Biology Course as the Means for Accessible Learning and Enhancing Student Education 混合虚拟实验室在生物学导论课程中的选择,作为学习和加强学生教育的手段
Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0158
Kyle Bactol, A. Laursen, C. Araujo
A virtual lab can be defined as a laboratory exercise performed outside of the physical laboratory. One interpretation of this includes partially virtual or take-home labs where students are led through online video demonstrations while physically conducting the experiment with a lab kit. Here we describe a hybrid virtual lab designed and implemented for undergraduate biology which offers a combination of take-home laboratory assignments coupled with in-laboratory sessions. It is an alternate option for introductory biology students which provides an opportunity to accommodate different learning styles, preferences, or needs. Although not an exhaustive list, these needs might arise from competing commitments to family, employment, sports, or the toll of long commutes. Offering flexibility in laboratory format may allow a student to better manage these conflicts and improve the quality of the overall university experience. Students retaking the biology laboratory were given an option of participating in conventional laboratories or the hybrid format. Benefits or costs of choosing between these lab formats are determined by examining the scores of students on assessments that test laboratory skills and knowledge. Performance was compared between the two groups of students through an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), using previous laboratory scores as a covariate. Ultimately, researching virtual lab effectiveness as an alternate teaching method may create a dialogue between curriculum developers and institutions to discuss how to implement them as a way to enhance the overall student learning experience.
虚拟实验室可以定义为在物理实验室之外进行的实验室活动。对此的一种解释包括部分虚拟或带回家的实验室,在这些实验室中,学生们通过在线视频演示,同时用实验室工具包进行实际实验。在这里,我们描述了一个为本科生物学设计和实施的混合虚拟实验室,它提供了带回家的实验室作业和实验室课程的结合。这是生物学入门学生的另一种选择,它提供了一个适应不同学习风格、偏好或需求的机会。虽然不是一个详尽的清单,但这些需求可能来自家庭、就业、运动或长途通勤的竞争性承诺。提供灵活的实验室形式可以让学生更好地管理这些冲突,提高整体大学体验的质量。重新参加生物实验室的学生可以选择参加传统实验室或混合形式。选择这些实验形式的利弊取决于学生在测试实验室技能和知识的评估中的得分。通过协方差分析(ANCOVA)比较两组学生的表现,使用以前的实验室分数作为协变量。最终,研究虚拟实验室作为一种替代教学方法的有效性,可以在课程开发者和机构之间建立对话,讨论如何将其作为一种增强学生整体学习体验的方式来实施。
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引用次数: 5
Student Behaviour and Performance in Relation to Interaction with On-line Activities in a Postsecondary Music Course 大专音乐课程中与线上活动互动相关的学生行为与表现
Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0156
Patricia M. Boechler, Erik deJong, Mary Ingraham, L. F. Marin
This study is an extension of previous research on the infusion of technology into a postsecondary music course to promote the skill of close-listening of music. Due to many in-class hindrances (e.g., time, equipment, acoustics, class size) students in postsecondary music courses do not often experience quality listening opportunities to be able to detect important musical elements. For this study, we developed on-line, supplemental listening activities using Articulate Storyline, Adobe Connect and the virtual world OpenSim. We pretested students on music experience, computer experience and level of self-regulation. At the end of the course, students answered a survey on their enjoyment, tendency to recommend, engagement, perceived increase in understanding of material and whether the activities were worthwhile. In a comparison of 2014 and 2015 results, we found that students with high selfregulation levels rated the above items more positively when the content included more advanced musical concepts. In addition, we found that students who interacted with the supplemental on-line activities and materials achieved higher grades than those who did not. Students who accessed the comprehensive on-line activities close to when the material was presented in class performed better than those who waited until exam time.
本研究是先前有关科技融入专上音乐课程以促进近距离聆听音乐技巧之研究的延伸。由于课堂上的许多障碍(如时间、设备、声学、班级规模),高等教育音乐课程的学生通常没有机会体验到能够发现重要音乐元素的高质量聆听机会。在这项研究中,我们使用了伶齿故事线、Adobe Connect和虚拟世界OpenSim开发了在线补充听力活动。我们对学生的音乐体验、电脑体验和自我调节水平进行了预测。在课程结束时,学生们回答了一项关于他们的享受、倾向于推荐、参与、对材料理解的感知增加以及活动是否值得的调查。在2014年和2015年的结果对比中,我们发现,当内容包含更多高级音乐概念时,自我调节水平高的学生对上述项目的评价更为积极。此外,我们发现与补充在线活动和材料进行互动的学生比没有进行互动的学生取得了更高的成绩。在接近课堂上展示材料时参加综合在线活动的学生比那些等到考试时间才参加的学生表现更好。
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引用次数: 1
Systematic Literature Review and ISO Standards analysis to Integrate IT Governance and Security Risk Management 整合资讯科技治理与安全风险管理之系统文献回顾与ISO标准分析
Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0154
Nicolas Mayer, D. D. Smet
GRC is an umbrella acronym covering the three disciplines of governance, risk management and compliance. In this context, IT GRC is the subset of GRC dealing with IT aspects of GRC. The main challenge of GRC is to have an approach as integrated as possible of the three domains. The objective of our paper is to study one facet of IT GRC: the links and integration between IT governance and risk management that we consider today as the least integrated. To do so, the method followed in this paper is first a systematic literature review, in order to identify the existing research works in this field. The resulting contribution of the paper is a set of recommendations established for practitioners and for researchers on how better deal with the integration between IT governance and risk management. It is then complemented by an analysis of ISO related standards, representative of industrial practices.
GRC是一个涵盖管治、风险管理和合规三个学科的总称。在这种情况下,IT GRC是处理GRC的IT方面的GRC的子集。GRC的主要挑战是尽可能地将这三个领域整合在一起。我们论文的目标是研究IT GRC的一个方面:IT治理和风险管理之间的联系和集成,我们今天认为这是最不集成的。为此,本文采用的方法是首先进行系统的文献综述,以识别该领域现有的研究工作。本文的最终贡献是为从业者和研究人员提供了一组关于如何更好地处理IT治理和风险管理之间的集成的建议。然后辅以对ISO相关标准的分析,代表工业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Classroom Flipping and Online Teaching Tool Usage Advice 课堂翻转和在线教学工具的使用建议
Pub Date : 2017-03-01 DOI: 10.20533/IJI.1742.4712.2017.0155
Craig McBride
A description of my experiences flipping undergraduate math and statistics courses for the first two years with advice for any fellow novice flippers. This paper discusses ways to start small and build up to a completely flipped class over the span of a few terms with advice on what technology to use including software and hardware. Students’ academic performances as well as attitudinal data were collected and analyzed to see if flipping had a positive effect on learning and attitudes. Both performance and attitudes improved with flipping.
描述了我在头两年翻转本科数学和统计学课程的经历,并为任何新手提供了建议。本文讨论了如何在几个学期的时间内从小处开始,并建立一个完全翻转的课堂,并建议使用包括软件和硬件在内的技术。学生的学习成绩和态度数据被收集和分析,看看翻转是否对学习和态度有积极的影响。表现和态度都随着翻转而改善。
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal for Infonomics
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