Political advertising is a form of aesthetic and political communication; it is encountered in election, addressed to electoral groups and aimed at electoral behavior perception management. Aesthetic and political communication has a lot of characteristics of political communication in general, that in its turn is a kind of public communication. Advertising nails down certain emotions in the person’s memory, which hereafter will determine his (her) behavior. Achieving of an objective is made by aesthetic images creation and advancement that facilitates aesthetic judgment of objective world, increases beauty sensitivity, uprears and develops cultural perception, the sense of taste. In the course of it, the didactic orientation of political advertising emerges. In a general sense, political advertising aesthetics is the aesthetics of personal behavior management technologies in social setting, the aesthetic of personal influence. Political events infer aesthetic expressiveness and legalization in response to mass media, publicity, popular art, word-picture and image. Internal action of political and aesthetic aspects turns the individual into spectator and recipient.
{"title":"Aesthetic dimension of political advertising","authors":"N. Liutko","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.007","url":null,"abstract":"Political advertising is a form of aesthetic and political communication; it is encountered in election, addressed to electoral groups and aimed at electoral behavior perception management. Aesthetic and political communication has a lot of characteristics of political communication in general, that in its turn is a kind of public communication. Advertising nails down certain emotions in the person’s memory, which hereafter will determine his (her) behavior. Achieving of an objective is made by aesthetic images creation and advancement that facilitates aesthetic judgment of objective world, increases beauty sensitivity, uprears and develops cultural perception, the sense of taste. In the course of it, the didactic orientation of political advertising emerges. In a general sense, political advertising aesthetics is the aesthetics of personal behavior management technologies in social setting, the aesthetic of personal influence. Political events infer aesthetic expressiveness and legalization in response to mass media, publicity, popular art, word-picture and image. Internal action of political and aesthetic aspects turns the individual into spectator and recipient.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"71-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74013409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding are analysed as modern approaches to make political dialogue and provide transparency of authorities. Justification for their use in socio-political sphere is being argued. Reasons that validate the use of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding in policy as well as global and Ukrainian experience of their application are studied. The factors that affect the success of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding projects in political terms are identified.
{"title":"Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding: world experience and steps towards implementation in Ukraine","authors":"Natalia Khoma","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.005","url":null,"abstract":"Technologies of political (socio-political) crowdsourcing and crowdfunding are analysed as modern approaches to make political dialogue and provide transparency of authorities. Justification for their use in socio-political sphere is being argued. Reasons that validate the use of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding in policy as well as global and Ukrainian experience of their application are studied. The factors that affect the success of crowdsourcing and crowdfunding projects in political terms are identified.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"8 1","pages":"49-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77017119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Economic changes in the Eastern bloc countries which currently belong to the European Union can be characterized as incredibly strong and important. In the process of catching up with the general development, some problems have been reduced. Unfortunately, other issues are starting to increase. The main aim of the present review is to show changes of the period 2003-2014 in major economic areas of these countries and also to point out potential sources of economic issues in the future.
{"title":"An analysis of economic changes in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe belonging to the European Union in the years 2003-2014","authors":"M. Redo","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.008","url":null,"abstract":"Economic changes in the Eastern bloc countries which currently belong to the European Union can be characterized as incredibly strong and important. In the process of catching up with the general development, some problems have been reduced. Unfortunately, other issues are starting to increase. The main aim of the present review is to show changes of the period 2003-2014 in major economic areas of these countries and also to point out potential sources of economic issues in the future.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"83-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73434174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to present and attempt to assess the implementation of security policy of Civic Platform submitted in its election programs since the first start in the parliamentary elections of this formation until the general election in October of 2015. There will be analyzed primarily in this article the manifestos prepared for the parliamentary elections because they contain much more contents about the security than the programmes prepared before the voting to the European Parliament.
{"title":"International security in the election programmes of Civic Platform between 2001 and 2015","authors":"P. Tomaszewski","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.012","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to present and attempt to assess the implementation of security policy of Civic Platform submitted in its election programs since the first start in the parliamentary elections of this formation until the general election in October of 2015. There will be analyzed primarily in this article the manifestos prepared for the parliamentary elections because they contain much more contents about the security than the programmes prepared before the voting to the European Parliament.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78520476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proves relevance of the cooperation between the states of the Baltic and Black Sea region and reveals the prospects of Ukraine’s participation in interstate cooperation within the Baltic-Black Sea region in view of the current state of the international system and the conflict with Russia. Also the review of ideological and theoretical approaches to understanding the Baltic and Black Sea region is carried out and its potential is emphasized from the point of view of policy of NATO and the EU. It is established that the priority of cooperation in the Baltic and Black Sea region is the transport, economic policy of the sphere. The emphasis is placed on distinctions between the certain states of the region (Russia, Turkey) concerning regional security. The need of attraction to cooperation for the Baltic and Black Sea region of a wide range of the states for the purpose of overcoming the unsuccessful experience of cooperation and creation of new effective regional security architecture is confirmed.
{"title":"The prospects for Baltic – Black Sea cooperation in the context of current Russian-Ukrainian relations","authors":"Ulyana Rudnytska","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.009","url":null,"abstract":"This article proves relevance of the cooperation between the states of the Baltic and Black Sea region and reveals the prospects of Ukraine’s participation in interstate cooperation within the Baltic-Black Sea region in view of the current state of the international system and the conflict with Russia. Also the review of ideological and theoretical approaches to understanding the Baltic and Black Sea region is carried out and its potential is emphasized from the point of view of policy of NATO and the EU. It is established that the priority of cooperation in the Baltic and Black Sea region is the transport, economic policy of the sphere. The emphasis is placed on distinctions between the certain states of the region (Russia, Turkey) concerning regional security. The need of attraction to cooperation for the Baltic and Black Sea region of a wide range of the states for the purpose of overcoming the unsuccessful experience of cooperation and creation of new effective regional security architecture is confirmed.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"99-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76022040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Siemiątkowski, E. Cieślik, E. Jankowska, Grzegorz Górniewicz, A. Piotrowicz, Magdalena Redo, Jarosław Redo
Za najwazniejsze wydarzenie w historii rozwoju Unii Europejskiej (UE) nalezy uznac tzw. „wschodnie rozszerzenie”, kiedy do organizacji przystąpily kraje pozostające przez pol wieku za Żelazną Kurtyną. Świetowanie dziesiątej rocznicy pierwszego rozszerzenia partnerstwa gospodarczo-politycznego o europejskie kraje postsocjalistyczne (1 maja 2014 roku) stalo sie dobrą okazją do refleksji nad korzyściami i stratami wynikającymi z tego poszerzenia dla regionu Europy ŚrodkowoWschodniej (EŚW), czyli sporządzenia swoistego bilansu integracji. W tym kontekście nalezy sprobowac udzielic odpowiedzi na fundamentalne pytanie: jak bardzo akcesja do struktur unijnych zmienila gospodarki i spoleczenstwa krajow postsocjalistycznych. Postawiony problem cechuje sie kompleksowością i wieloaspektowością, stąd w jego prawidlowym rozwiklaniu nalezaloby zestawic i przeanalizowac wszystkie wymiary integracji (polityczne, ekonomiczne, spoleczne, instytucjonalne). Nie bez znaczenia dla ksztaltowania sie systemow ekonomicznych badanych krajow pozostają rowniez interakcje miedzynarodowe oraz sieci powiązan kapitalowych, handlowych i migracyjnych. Ujecie wymienionych obszarow integracji pozwoliloby uzyskac mozliwie najbardziej koherentny obraz skutkow akcesji do UE dla regionu EŚW. Sprostanie takiemu zadaniu stanowi niewątpliwie duze wyzwanie. Stąd misją opracowania stalo sie ukazanie ekonomicznych i spolecznych nastepstw przystąpienia krajow EŚW do UE.
{"title":"Ekonomiczne aspekty integracji wybranych państw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej","authors":"P. Siemiątkowski, E. Cieślik, E. Jankowska, Grzegorz Górniewicz, A. Piotrowicz, Magdalena Redo, Jarosław Redo","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2015.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2015.100","url":null,"abstract":"Za najwazniejsze wydarzenie w historii rozwoju Unii Europejskiej (UE) nalezy uznac tzw. „wschodnie rozszerzenie”, kiedy do organizacji przystąpily kraje pozostające przez pol wieku za Żelazną Kurtyną. Świetowanie dziesiątej rocznicy pierwszego rozszerzenia partnerstwa gospodarczo-politycznego o europejskie kraje postsocjalistyczne (1 maja 2014 roku) stalo sie dobrą okazją do refleksji nad korzyściami i stratami wynikającymi z tego poszerzenia dla regionu Europy ŚrodkowoWschodniej (EŚW), czyli sporządzenia swoistego bilansu integracji. W tym kontekście nalezy sprobowac udzielic odpowiedzi na fundamentalne pytanie: jak bardzo akcesja do struktur unijnych zmienila gospodarki i spoleczenstwa krajow postsocjalistycznych. Postawiony problem cechuje sie kompleksowością i wieloaspektowością, stąd w jego prawidlowym rozwiklaniu nalezaloby zestawic i przeanalizowac wszystkie wymiary integracji (polityczne, ekonomiczne, spoleczne, instytucjonalne). Nie bez znaczenia dla ksztaltowania sie systemow ekonomicznych badanych krajow pozostają rowniez interakcje miedzynarodowe oraz sieci powiązan kapitalowych, handlowych i migracyjnych. Ujecie wymienionych obszarow integracji pozwoliloby uzyskac mozliwie najbardziej koherentny obraz skutkow akcesji do UE dla regionu EŚW. Sprostanie takiemu zadaniu stanowi niewątpliwie duze wyzwanie. Stąd misją opracowania stalo sie ukazanie ekonomicznych i spolecznych nastepstw przystąpienia krajow EŚW do UE.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"1-203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81868311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article the author has explored the role of Ukrainian think tanks, notably the Razumkov Center and Gorshenin Institute, in the formation of public opinion on the European integration policy of Ukraine during the period of 2007–2013. As a result of content analysis of these analytic institutes’ information materials it is concluded that the consolidated public opinion on the problem of European integration of Ukraine was not formed as Ukrainian citizens did not obtain from Ukrainian analytical structures complete, accurate and unambiguous information on this actual issue.
{"title":"The role of Ukrainian think tanks in shaping of public opinion on the European integration (on the example of Razumkov Centre and Gorshenin Institute)","authors":"O. Shkrobanets","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2014.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2014.002","url":null,"abstract":"In this article the author has explored the role of Ukrainian think tanks, notably the Razumkov Center and Gorshenin Institute, in the formation of public opinion on the European integration policy of Ukraine during the period of 2007–2013. As a result of content analysis of these analytic institutes’ information materials it is concluded that the consolidated public opinion on the problem of European integration of Ukraine was not formed as Ukrainian citizens did not obtain from Ukrainian analytical structures complete, accurate and unambiguous information on this actual issue.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"151 1","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86035673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents how in Soviet Union through children’s press government tried to raise new generation of Soviet men, who would be loyal to communists regime. As the main tool was used image of “enemy”, which consisted of two main parts: “external” and “internal enemies”. “Enemy’s” concept was not constant. The article examines evolution of the concept and its connection with the geopolitical situation and economic and political processes within the Soviet state. Children were taught how to identify “enemy” among other citizens, where they located, how they looks like, what values they have. And why it was so important for Soviet child to be attentive and report about all suspicious persons.
{"title":"Construction of “enemy’s” image in soviet press in 1939-1953-s","authors":"L. Sirenko","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2014.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2014.004","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents how in Soviet Union through children’s press government tried to raise new generation of Soviet men, who would be loyal to communists regime. As the main tool was used image of “enemy”, which consisted of two main parts: “external” and “internal enemies”. “Enemy’s” concept was not constant. The article examines evolution of the concept and its connection with the geopolitical situation and economic and political processes within the Soviet state. Children were taught how to identify “enemy” among other citizens, where they located, how they looks like, what values they have. And why it was so important for Soviet child to be attentive and report about all suspicious persons.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76025213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The exogenous and endogenous prerequisites of political mobilization of the Ukrainian population at the turn of the 2013–2014 are considered. It is emphasized on the necessity of taking into account socio-economic, socio-cultural, communicational and technological, political and strategic implications of political mobilization in Ukraine. It is approved another attempt to return to the real construction of direct democracy, the “unfreezing” of the mass political processes and the civil initiatives in Ukraine.
{"title":"The exogenous and endogenous prerequisites of political mobilization of the population of Ukraine at the beginning of 2013 and at the end of 2014","authors":"O. Yamelnytskuj, L. Dorosh","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2014.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2014.007","url":null,"abstract":"The exogenous and endogenous prerequisites of political mobilization of the Ukrainian population at the turn of the 2013–2014 are considered. It is emphasized on the necessity of taking into account socio-economic, socio-cultural, communicational and technological, political and strategic implications of political mobilization in Ukraine. It is approved another attempt to return to the real construction of direct democracy, the “unfreezing” of the mass political processes and the civil initiatives in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"201 1","pages":"63-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76979453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of information society contributes to many transformations; they virtually encompass all the aspects of the contemporary world. However, not all the realms of transformations are subject to scrutiny to the very same degree. This paper is an attempt to acquaint its readers with the issues oftentimes evaded or even not picked up by researchers. The author in this paper presents the results of the research conducted among the students of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun in the realm of judging the risk resulting from the development of information society within the context of internal security as well as within the evaluation of the level of these dangers. The results of the author’s investigation indicate that there are many factors which statistically significantly determine the student’s beliefs in the scrutinized realm. Such determinants proved to be – among others- gender, the students’ field of study and the frequency of using the Internet etc.
{"title":"The development of information society in the light of new dangers in the area of internal security as viewed by the students","authors":"B. Stachowiak","doi":"10.12775/TIS.2014.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12775/TIS.2014.005","url":null,"abstract":"The development of information society contributes to many transformations; they virtually encompass all the aspects of the contemporary world. However, not all the realms of transformations are subject to scrutiny to the very same degree. This paper is an attempt to acquaint its readers with the issues oftentimes evaded or even not picked up by researchers. The author in this paper presents the results of the research conducted among the students of the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun in the realm of judging the risk resulting from the development of information society within the context of internal security as well as within the evaluation of the level of these dangers. The results of the author’s investigation indicate that there are many factors which statistically significantly determine the student’s beliefs in the scrutinized realm. Such determinants proved to be – among others- gender, the students’ field of study and the frequency of using the Internet etc.","PeriodicalId":30841,"journal":{"name":"Torun International Studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81182288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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