This contribution contains some reflections on two accessible translating modalities, subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing and audio description. It aims to reflect on some open challenges by commenting on examples drawn from The Kings’ Speech (2010) and The Two Popes (2019). More specifically, on the one hand it deals with the difficulties of conveying information related to the acoustic code, by means of the texture and nuances of the voice, paralinguistic traits and background music. On the other it discusses how to transpose meaning from the visual code for a visually impaired audience, focusing especially on information connected with compositional and editing strategies. Finally, it briefly hints at accommodating the translation of multiple languages within audio description.
{"title":"Sfide accessibili oggi. Riflessioni sui sottotitoli per non udenti e sull’audiodescrizione","authors":"Silvia Bruti","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V43P65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V43P65","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution contains some reflections on two accessible translating modalities, subtitles for the deaf and hard-of-hearing and audio description. It aims to reflect on some open challenges by commenting on examples drawn from The Kings’ Speech (2010) and The Two Popes (2019). More specifically, on the one hand it deals with the difficulties of conveying information related to the acoustic code, by means of the texture and nuances of the voice, paralinguistic traits and background music. On the other it discusses how to transpose meaning from the visual code for a visually impaired audience, focusing especially on information connected with compositional and editing strategies. Finally, it briefly hints at accommodating the translation of multiple languages within audio description.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88151962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work is placed in the context of studies on the accessibility of audiovisual products in the realm of independent cinema, with its ability to provide access to social, cultural, historical and political truths, and also in the context of studies on audiovisual translation as an instrument providing access to audiences with specific and general disabilities, and to audiences with normal hearing. Against the backdrop of documentary festivals and, in particular, within the framework of the Sole Luna Doc Film Festival , scrutiny is placed on interlingual subtitling (also for the deaf and hard of hearing) as the most frequently used and disseminated practice. The three dominant languages are, first of all, the source language of each documentary (some in European, others in non-European languages), secondly, the primary target language and, finally, the secondary target language. The English language, used as a language for global communication, and the Italian language as a local language, are the languages through which stories about identities with different cultural roots – impacted and constrained by social issues and marginalisation – unfold within the narrative space of subtitles. By means of a specific corpus of bilingual subtitles selected from the documentaries chosen for analysis, this study sheds lights on the concept of stories or narratives made accessible through bilingual subtitles identified as spaces of narrativity. The narrative space marked in the selected speaking Anglo-Italian subtitles is investigated according to the model of the Appraisal system through which it is possible to extrapolate the textual voices (both oral speech and written texts) that are embedded in common peripheral contexts, and to comprehend how these identities have interpersonally constructed their personae, while producing greater solidarity and empathy on the part of the public.
本研究的背景是研究独立电影领域中视听产品的可及性，以及其提供社会、文化、历史和政治真相的能力，同时也研究视听翻译作为一种工具，为有特殊残疾和一般残疾的观众以及听力正常的观众提供可及性。在纪录片节的背景下，特别是在Sole Luna Doc电影节的框架内，作为最常用和传播的做法，对语际字幕(也适用于聋哑人和重听人)进行了审查。三种占主导地位的语言首先是每一部纪录片的源语言(有些是欧洲语言，有些是非欧洲语言)，其次是主要目的语，最后是次要目的语。英语作为全球交流的语言，意大利语作为当地的语言，通过这些语言，关于不同文化根源的身份的故事——受到社会问题和边缘化的影响和限制——在字幕的叙事空间中展开。本研究通过从所选纪录片中选取的特定双语字幕语料库进行分析，揭示了通过被认定为叙事空间的双语字幕所获得的故事或叙事的概念。根据评估系统的模型，在选定的英语-意大利语字幕中标记的叙事空间进行了调查，通过评估系统可以推断嵌入在共同外围环境中的文本声音(口头演讲和书面文本)，并理解这些身份如何在人际关系中构建他们的人物，同时在公众方面产生更大的团结和移情。
{"title":"Accessibilità e contronarrazione al Sole Luna Doc Festival. Sottotitolare le storie dei documentari","authors":"A. Rizzo, Maria Luisa Pensabene","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V43P85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V43P85","url":null,"abstract":"This work is placed in the context of studies on the accessibility of audiovisual products in the realm of independent cinema, with its ability to provide access to social, cultural, historical and political truths, and also in the context of studies on audiovisual translation as an instrument providing access to audiences with specific and general disabilities, and to audiences with normal hearing. Against the backdrop of documentary festivals and, in particular, within the framework of the Sole Luna Doc Film Festival , scrutiny is placed on interlingual subtitling (also for the deaf and hard of hearing) as the most frequently used and disseminated practice. The three dominant languages are, first of all, the source language of each documentary (some in European, others in non-European languages), secondly, the primary target language and, finally, the secondary target language. The English language, used as a language for global communication, and the Italian language as a local language, are the languages through which stories about identities with different cultural roots – impacted and constrained by social issues and marginalisation – unfold within the narrative space of subtitles. By means of a specific corpus of bilingual subtitles selected from the documentaries chosen for analysis, this study sheds lights on the concept of stories or narratives made accessible through bilingual subtitles identified as spaces of narrativity. The narrative space marked in the selected speaking Anglo-Italian subtitles is investigated according to the model of the Appraisal system through which it is possible to extrapolate the textual voices (both oral speech and written texts) that are embedded in common peripheral contexts, and to comprehend how these identities have interpersonally constructed their personae, while producing greater solidarity and empathy on the part of the public.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75733242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the digital age, the transformation process of information into ‘knowledge’ is characterized by hyper-connected communities, where a potentially infinite amount of information is ubiquitously accessible to individuals or community users and is instrumental in the creation of shared knowledge, but also in building consensus across community participants, societal membership and grouping, through the argumentative ideological representation of assumptions, values and practices. This Special Issue of “Lingue e Linguaggi” on the theme Argumentation, Ideology and Discourse in Evolving Specialized Communication explores the interface between these three dimensions and combines an array of perspectives into a distinctly unified volume, offering synchronic, diachronic, comparative, interlinguistic and intercultural approaches over a range of specialized knowledge domains. The volume integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches, making use of Corpus Linguistics, alongside other methods incorporated in theoretical approaches such as Critical Discourse Analysis, Appraisal Theory and Argumentation Theory, focusing on the pragma-linguistic features of different texts and genres, together with their ideological purposes for different audiences in various contexts of use. The collection of essays investigates argumentative styles and patterning along with the discursive socio-construction of ideology in the dynamics of recontextualization, rescripting and remediation which affect the multi-faceted nature of contemporary communication.
{"title":"Argumentation, Ideology and Discourse in Evolving Specialized Communication","authors":"J. Bowker, E. Incelli, Chiara Prosperi Porta","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42","url":null,"abstract":"In the digital age, the transformation process of information into ‘knowledge’ is characterized by hyper-connected communities, where a potentially infinite amount of information is ubiquitously accessible to individuals or community users and is instrumental in the creation of shared knowledge, but also in building consensus across community participants, societal membership and grouping, through the argumentative ideological representation of assumptions, values and practices. This Special Issue of “Lingue e Linguaggi” on the theme Argumentation, Ideology and Discourse in Evolving Specialized Communication explores the interface between these three dimensions and combines an array of perspectives into a distinctly unified volume, offering synchronic, diachronic, comparative, interlinguistic and intercultural approaches over a range of specialized knowledge domains. The volume integrates quantitative and qualitative approaches, making use of Corpus Linguistics, alongside other methods incorporated in theoretical approaches such as Critical Discourse Analysis, Appraisal Theory and Argumentation Theory, focusing on the pragma-linguistic features of different texts and genres, together with their ideological purposes for different audiences in various contexts of use. The collection of essays investigates argumentative styles and patterning along with the discursive socio-construction of ideology in the dynamics of recontextualization, rescripting and remediation which affect the multi-faceted nature of contemporary communication.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88810250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this chapter is to explore the discursive construction and representation of economic inequality in the British press in the period 2016-2019. For this purpose, the corpus consists of selected newspaper articles from three online newspapers The Guardian (liberal and left-leaning), The Telegraph and Daily Mail (traditionally conservative). A comparative analysis shows not only how the newspapers differ on the lexico-semantic and grammatical level in the discursive construction of key clusters around economic inequality, but also on the ideological argumentative level, in the way journalists position their ideas and engage their readers in order to defend and legitimize arguments. In their representation of economic inequality, the newspapers show through linguistic and argumentation analysis, whether they are aligned with the government, and as such broadly welcome greater wealth inequality, or whether, they actually resist current government policies. Hence, the main objective is to show how UK national newspapers have a double function in both reporting information, and also in construing an argument and aligning the reader to accept that argument. The methodological approach combines Corpus Linguistics (CL) with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), informed by theories on epistemological and ideological positionings as forms of pragma-dialectical argumentation (van Eermeen 2017; White 2006).
{"title":"“But what’s so bad about inequality?” Ideological positioning and argumentation in the representation of economic inequality in the British press","authors":"E. Incelli","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42P77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42P77","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to explore the discursive construction and representation of economic inequality in the British press in the period 2016-2019. For this purpose, the corpus consists of selected newspaper articles from three online newspapers The Guardian (liberal and left-leaning), The Telegraph and Daily Mail (traditionally conservative). A comparative analysis shows not only how the newspapers differ on the lexico-semantic and grammatical level in the discursive construction of key clusters around economic inequality, but also on the ideological argumentative level, in the way journalists position their ideas and engage their readers in order to defend and legitimize arguments. In their representation of economic inequality, the newspapers show through linguistic and argumentation analysis, whether they are aligned with the government, and as such broadly welcome greater wealth inequality, or whether, they actually resist current government policies. Hence, the main objective is to show how UK national newspapers have a double function in both reporting information, and also in construing an argument and aligning the reader to accept that argument. The methodological approach combines Corpus Linguistics (CL) with Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), informed by theories on epistemological and ideological positionings as forms of pragma-dialectical argumentation (van Eermeen 2017; White 2006).","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73089891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter looks at the ideological positioning and argumentation patterning of three sets of interrelated data, which can be considered vertically organized in a hierarchical configuration: these sub-corpora consist of the drafts of a major International Trade Agreement, the TiSA, (Trade in Services Agreement), a series of revelations and exposures authored by WikiLeaks, and a collection of online publications produced by the campaigning group, Friends of the Earth International. The objective is to identify how a process of ‘entextualization’ is realized through the various discourses – from the normative codification of legislation, on to the detailed specialist exposition and critique from legal experts, and over to the affectively-charged discourse of resistance and protest in the public domain. The conceptual and explanatory frameworks for the analysis derive from two disciplinary fields, argumentative studies and discourse analysis, where the role of language studies in describing discursive construal has traditionally played rather different roles. The analysis of the corpus starts from a linguistic perspective, comparing and contrasting semantic profiling, topicalization, and verb usage over the three sub-corpora. Using accounts of argumentative structure and procedures – elaborating the notions of schema, frames, moves and strategies, it is possible to identify distinctive patterns of reasoning, revealed through linguistic indexicality. In this way, argumentation can be related to the three varying communicative contexts, their authorship, audiences and rhetorical purposes. This study is, therefore, an attempt to integrate the two fields of argumentation studies and discourse analysis more systematically, recognizing the mutual benefits this carries for both, providing a body of empirical evidence necessary to further theoretical models and theories of argumentation, on the one hand, while extending discourse analysis into more challenging areas of investigation and taking a wider textual perspective than has often been common to date.
{"title":"Contesting international trade agreements: argumentation patterning in embedded discourses","authors":"J. Bowker","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42P23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42P23","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks at the ideological positioning and argumentation patterning of three sets of interrelated data, which can be considered vertically organized in a hierarchical configuration: these sub-corpora consist of the drafts of a major International Trade Agreement, the TiSA, (Trade in Services Agreement), a series of revelations and exposures authored by WikiLeaks, and a collection of online publications produced by the campaigning group, Friends of the Earth International. The objective is to identify how a process of ‘entextualization’ is realized through the various discourses – from the normative codification of legislation, on to the detailed specialist exposition and critique from legal experts, and over to the affectively-charged discourse of resistance and protest in the public domain. The conceptual and explanatory frameworks for the analysis derive from two disciplinary fields, argumentative studies and discourse analysis, where the role of language studies in describing discursive construal has traditionally played rather different roles. The analysis of the corpus starts from a linguistic perspective, comparing and contrasting semantic profiling, topicalization, and verb usage over the three sub-corpora. Using accounts of argumentative structure and procedures – elaborating the notions of schema, frames, moves and strategies, it is possible to identify distinctive patterns of reasoning, revealed through linguistic indexicality. In this way, argumentation can be related to the three varying communicative contexts, their authorship, audiences and rhetorical purposes. This study is, therefore, an attempt to integrate the two fields of argumentation studies and discourse analysis more systematically, recognizing the mutual benefits this carries for both, providing a body of empirical evidence necessary to further theoretical models and theories of argumentation, on the one hand, while extending discourse analysis into more challenging areas of investigation and taking a wider textual perspective than has often been common to date.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84850535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V42P173
Chiara Prosperi Porta
This chapter investigates the discourse of the EU law-enforcement agency, Europol, and the ways in which trust, ethics and ideology are engaged in communication in order to achieve institutional legitimation through the discursive construction of ‘danger’ and ‘emergencies’. The analysis considers a corpus of annual reports published over the last ten years (2008-2018). The relationship between the production of security discourse, institutional responsibility and credibility will show how trust discourse can be either rooted in insecurity or safety and deeply rely on the categories of ethics and ideology, according to the specific circumstances and communicative needs of the organisation. Quantitative and qualitative findings will reveal how lexical and phraseological key features, as well as a dichotomy created through the use of polarisation strategies, can shape contrasting ingroup or outgroup identities/roles, alternatively feeding credibility or discredit, on the issue of safeguarding European security . This linguistic interplay will discursively extricate the harmful potential of criminal forces’ ideological agenda, legitimise repressive control measures as ethically acceptable, as well as empower Europol’s trustworthy image and propagandise its beneficial role in the fight against crime and terrorism.
{"title":"The discursive topicalisation of trust, ethics and ideology in European security issues","authors":"Chiara Prosperi Porta","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42P173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42P173","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter investigates the discourse of the EU law-enforcement agency, Europol, and the ways in which trust, ethics and ideology are engaged in communication in order to achieve institutional legitimation through the discursive construction of ‘danger’ and ‘emergencies’. The analysis considers a corpus of annual reports published over the last ten years (2008-2018). The relationship between the production of security discourse, institutional responsibility and credibility will show how trust discourse can be either rooted in insecurity or safety and deeply rely on the categories of ethics and ideology, according to the specific circumstances and communicative needs of the organisation. Quantitative and qualitative findings will reveal how lexical and phraseological key features, as well as a dichotomy created through the use of polarisation strategies, can shape contrasting ingroup or outgroup identities/roles, alternatively feeding credibility or discredit, on the issue of safeguarding European security . This linguistic interplay will discursively extricate the harmful potential of criminal forces’ ideological agenda, legitimise repressive control measures as ethically acceptable, as well as empower Europol’s trustworthy image and propagandise its beneficial role in the fight against crime and terrorism.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82550888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One core aspect of argumentation is the inferential reasoning that justifies the transition from the premises to the conclusion. Classical rhetoric accounted for such inference in terms of topoi (or topics), while contemporary approaches have introduced the notion of argumentation schemes, even if the two concepts still largely coexist. Different approaches exist to the analysis and classification of topoi/schemes. This paper ponders on how two different approaches, the Argomentum Model of Topics (AMT) and the pragma-dialectical account of schemes, can serve the purposes of discourse analysts interested in argumentation. While discourse analysis tends to approach topoi from a content-based perspective, in this paper the view is taken that relying on more formalised accounts may add methodological rigour to the analysis of real-life argumentation, while enhancing points of contact between discourse analysis and argumentation theory. In particular, the AMT and the pragma-dialectical schemes are applied to the analysis of arguments used in editorials on Brexit, with a focus on populism. Building on a previous study in which recurrent topoi were analysed drawing on a content-based approach, this paper will try to establish connections between the topoi thus identified and more formalised classifications of argument schemes, considering the pros and cons of the two approaches.
{"title":"Argumentative topoi seen from a discourse analytic perspective","authors":"C. Degano","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42P51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42P51","url":null,"abstract":"One core aspect of argumentation is the inferential reasoning that justifies the transition from the premises to the conclusion. Classical rhetoric accounted for such inference in terms of topoi (or topics), while contemporary approaches have introduced the notion of argumentation schemes, even if the two concepts still largely coexist. Different approaches exist to the analysis and classification of topoi/schemes. This paper ponders on how two different approaches, the Argomentum Model of Topics (AMT) and the pragma-dialectical account of schemes, can serve the purposes of discourse analysts interested in argumentation. While discourse analysis tends to approach topoi from a content-based perspective, in this paper the view is taken that relying on more formalised accounts may add methodological rigour to the analysis of real-life argumentation, while enhancing points of contact between discourse analysis and argumentation theory. In particular, the AMT and the pragma-dialectical schemes are applied to the analysis of arguments used in editorials on Brexit, with a focus on populism. Building on a previous study in which recurrent topoi were analysed drawing on a content-based approach, this paper will try to establish connections between the topoi thus identified and more formalised classifications of argument schemes, considering the pros and cons of the two approaches.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84365888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V42P123
G. Tessuto
This chapter examines the patterns of interactional metadiscourse use in the disciplines of Economics and Law, and draws upon Hyland’s (2005a) analytical framework of metadiscourse markers along with other integrative frameworks in an approximately 160,000-word corpus of social science empirical research articles in these fields. Both distributional and functional analyses of metadiscourse resources show that there are similarities as well as differences between the two disciplines in terms of how writers structure their argumentative texts for their readers, and how they draw on their understandings of these resources to report the results of their original study to their readers. It is argued that metadiscursive use may be accounted for by the epistemologies behind the existing qualitative and quantitative methods of empirical research alongside a range of experiential, social and identity-shaping variables of the writers involved in this kind of argumentative genre. By contributing additional evidence to current published research, this study aims to provide a greater understanding of metadiscourse in the argumentative writing practices of the research article.
{"title":"Framing argument for specialised knowledge: interactional metadiscourse markers in economics and law research articles","authors":"G. Tessuto","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V42P123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V42P123","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the patterns of interactional metadiscourse use in the disciplines of Economics and Law, and draws upon Hyland’s (2005a) analytical framework of metadiscourse markers along with other integrative frameworks in an approximately 160,000-word corpus of social science empirical research articles in these fields. Both distributional and functional analyses of metadiscourse resources show that there are similarities as well as differences between the two disciplines in terms of how writers structure their argumentative texts for their readers, and how they draw on their understandings of these resources to report the results of their original study to their readers. It is argued that metadiscursive use may be accounted for by the epistemologies behind the existing qualitative and quantitative methods of empirical research alongside a range of experiential, social and identity-shaping variables of the writers involved in this kind of argumentative genre. By contributing additional evidence to current published research, this study aims to provide a greater understanding of metadiscourse in the argumentative writing practices of the research article.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80115815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V42P151
Ilaria Moschini
The aim of the chapter is to investigate the rhetorical construction of the nearly 6,000-word message posted by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2017 to his personal profile on the social media he co-founded. The post is entitled Building Global Community and features an open letter addressed to all Facebook’s users where he envisions the strategic role of the platform as the “social infrastructure” for civic participation. The document has been defined by many a “manifesto” as it is a public declaration of policy and aims, and its textual structure is more similar to that of political speech than to a status update on a social networking site. In order to analyze it, the paper adopts a critical multimodal approach – which is a perspective that merges critical discourse analysis and multimodality to study contemporary political discourses that are communicated not only through political speeches or news items and where argumentation is realized making use of language in combination with different kinds of semiotic resources. In particular, the paper explores how verbal and visual codes, together with the digital platform’s affordances, are used to shape the image of Facebook as a socio-political space. Indeed, the post features a complex ideological and rhetorical construct that is articulated linguistically, digitally and multimodally, and that interweaves a cognitive theory of history, the Habermasian conceptualization of the public sphere and the notion of artificial intelligence in a frame that depicts the social medium as the enabler of participation for civically engaged global communities.
这一章的目的是调查马克·扎克伯格于2017年2月在他共同创立的社交媒体上发布的近6000字的个人信息的修辞结构。这篇文章题为《构建全球社区》(Building Global Community)，其中包括一封致所有Facebook用户的公开信，他在信中设想了该平台作为公民参与的“社会基础设施”的战略作用。这份文件被许多人定义为“宣言”，因为它是对政策和目标的公开声明，它的文本结构更类似于政治演讲，而不是社交网站上的状态更新。为了对其进行分析，本文采用了批判多模态方法，即将批判话语分析与多模态相结合的视角来研究当代政治话语，这些话语不仅通过政治演讲或新闻进行传播，而且利用语言结合各种符号资源来实现论证。特别地，本文探讨了语言和视觉代码如何与数字平台的支持一起被用来塑造Facebook作为一个社会政治空间的形象。事实上，这篇文章以复杂的意识形态和修辞结构为特色，以语言、数字和多模态的方式表达，并将历史的认知理论、哈贝马斯公共领域的概念化和人工智能的概念交织在一个框架中，将社会媒体描述为参与公民参与的全球社区的推动者。
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Pub Date : 2021-04-03DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V42P195
B. Mottura
The chapter focuses on a new ideological formulation introduced in 2018 in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China. The contribution aims at studying the discursive strategy in which the item is embedded, and through which it is promoted, by analysing Chinese political discourse in a diachronic perspective between 2013 and 2019. Using a selection parameter of intertextuality, the author has compiled a corpus of texts (in the Chinese language) through which this multifaceted discursive strategy is constructed. Drawing on the discourse-historical approach (Reisigl, Wodak 2009, p. 89; Wodak 2001, pp. 65-66) in a critical discourse analysis perspective, the paper will show how the discursive strategy performs a synergic action to disseminate the new ideology formulation by addressing two sub-topics, and, in parallel, how the texts intentionally promote two main macro-topics of Chinese political discourse.
这一章的重点是2018年《中华人民共和国宪法》中引入的一个新的意识形态表述。本论文旨在通过分析2013年至2019年间中国政治话语的历时性视角，研究该项目所嵌入的话语策略，并通过该策略促进该项目的发展。作者以互文性为选择参数，编制了一个汉语文本语料库，通过该语料库构建了这种多面性的话语策略。借鉴话语历史方法(Reisigl, Wodak 2009，第89页;Wodak 2001, pp. 65-66)在批判性话语分析的视角下，本文将展示话语策略如何通过解决两个子主题来发挥协同作用，传播新的意识形态制定，同时，文本如何有意地促进中国政治话语的两个主要宏观主题。
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