Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V44P311
María José González Rodríguez, Nicoletta Spinolo
Remote dialogue interpreting, via both telephone and videoconference, is rapidly becoming a standard procedure in the provision of language services for the business, social, health and administrative sectors. This calls for a revision of interpreter training practice in order to include remote interpreting abilities in the curriculum. This was the primary goal of the SHIFT in Orality Erasmus+ project, funded by the European Commission, which aimed at producing a comprehensive and research-based training solution on remote interpreting. The training materials produced within the project were tested for the first time during a multilingual summer school organised in June 2018 within the framework of the project with students from the four SHIFT partner Universities (University of Bologna, Italy; University of Granada, Spain; Pablo de Olavide University of Seville, Spain; University of Surrey, UK), and trainers from the same universities and the two remote interpreting companies in the partnership, Dualia SL (Spain) and VEASYT Srl (Italy). In this paper, the design of the summer school, the infrastructure used and the technological tools employed will be described, as well as the activities carried out with the students. The main results of the evaluation questionnaires and focus groups will also be presented.
通过电话和视频会议进行的远程对话口译正迅速成为向商业、社会、卫生和行政部门提供语言服务的标准程序。这就要求修订口译培训实践，以便将远程口译能力纳入课程。这是由欧盟委员会资助的“口头伊拉斯谟+”项目的主要目标，该项目旨在提供一个全面的、基于研究的远程口译培训解决方案。2018年6月，在项目框架内组织的多语种暑期学校期间，项目内制作的培训材料首次进行了测试，参与者是来自四所SHIFT合作大学(意大利博洛尼亚大学;西班牙格拉纳达大学;西班牙塞维利亚的Pablo de Olavide大学;英国萨里大学)，以及来自同一所大学的培训师和合作的两家远程口译公司Dualia SL(西班牙)和VEASYT Srl(意大利)。在本文中，将描述暑期学校的设计、使用的基础设施和使用的技术工具，以及与学生一起开展的活动。还将介绍评价问卷和焦点小组的主要结果。
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Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V44P125
M. Iaco
This paper analyses gestures used among L2 speakers by presenting an interview of two Tamil native speakers which have moved to Italy for short periods of work in a mechanical multi-national company. The aim is to remark how gestures can improve foreign language speaking and can facilitate the comprehension among L2 speakers; and to highlight the necessity to consider culturally specific gestures when someone interacts with a foreign language speaker. The relevance of gestures in human thought and communication, the cognitive advantages in using gestures as a strategy for teaching languages, and the necessity to learn symbolic gestures to get an intercultural competence will emerge.
{"title":"How gestures facilitate communication among the speakers of English as L2 and the implications for Language Education","authors":"M. Iaco","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V44P125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V44P125","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses gestures used among L2 speakers by presenting an interview of two Tamil native speakers which have moved to Italy for short periods of work in a mechanical multi-national company. The aim is to remark how gestures can improve foreign language speaking and can facilitate the comprehension among L2 speakers; and to highlight the necessity to consider culturally specific gestures when someone interacts with a foreign language speaker. The relevance of gestures in human thought and communication, the cognitive advantages in using gestures as a strategy for teaching languages, and the necessity to learn symbolic gestures to get an intercultural competence will emerge.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77456967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V44P215
Medina Montero, J. Francisco
This paper will examine the combinations between the Spanish discourse marker claro and other discourse markers in Peninsular Spanish, while suggesting possible translations into Italian. The study adds to earlier research carried out by the Author on similar lines, analysing the combinations between two very common markers in Peninsular Spanish, hombre and bueno , as well as the rest of the Spanish discourse markers. Proposed translations into Italian were included in such publications too. There are two underlying reasons for the selection of this topic: on the one hand, few studies exist on the combinations of different Spanish discourse markers; on the other, their proposed translations - into Italian in this case - seem particularly interesting. Although the Italian certo appears as the almost automatic translation proposal, claro actually lends itself to a wide variety of translation solutions in the target language.As regards the structure of the article, a brief introductory reference to the uses and values of claro - as from an earlier work published in 2020 - is presented before moving on to the core topic of the combinations, with special emphasis on the position of claro . The focus will then shift to whether the uses and values of this discourse marker prevail or if they disappear to let new uses and values emerge.
{"title":"El marcador del discurso del español peninsular 'claro' en combinación con otros marcadores y sus posibles traducciones en italiano","authors":"Medina Montero, J. Francisco","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V44P215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V44P215","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will examine the combinations between the Spanish discourse marker claro and other discourse markers in Peninsular Spanish, while suggesting possible translations into Italian. The study adds to earlier research carried out by the Author on similar lines, analysing the combinations between two very common markers in Peninsular Spanish, hombre and bueno , as well as the rest of the Spanish discourse markers. Proposed translations into Italian were included in such publications too. There are two underlying reasons for the selection of this topic: on the one hand, few studies exist on the combinations of different Spanish discourse markers; on the other, their proposed translations - into Italian in this case - seem particularly interesting. Although the Italian certo appears as the almost automatic translation proposal, claro actually lends itself to a wide variety of translation solutions in the target language.As regards the structure of the article, a brief introductory reference to the uses and values of claro - as from an earlier work published in 2020 - is presented before moving on to the core topic of the combinations, with special emphasis on the position of claro . The focus will then shift to whether the uses and values of this discourse marker prevail or if they disappear to let new uses and values emerge.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73605346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V44P111
Giulia De Flaviis
This study investigates the implicit and explicit intuitions in 98 native university students of Cote d’Ivoire and France, concerning the semantics of deuxieme and second. Our purpose is to observe whether all French-speakers optionally apply deuxieme and second or they choose between the two adjectives on the basis of a specific criterion. The results provided by the quali-quantitative method reveal that the principle of optionality is not acceptable to all participants since, within each linguistic community, there seem to be some sub-communities who claim to adopt other rules. From a methodological perspective, this study emphasizes the advantages to take into account the introspective observation along with the empirical analysis in the study of rules underlying linguistic usages.
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Since the publication of La Prieta (1981) by the Chicana writer Gloria Anzaldua and Language and woman’s place (1995 [1975]) by the North American linguist Robin Lakoff, a large part of the research from sociolinguistics has focused on highlighting the negative connotations of women’s language and trying to highlight its positive aspects. In this article I analyze, in the light of the studies proposed by feminist sociolinguistics, the language used in three works by the argentine writer Fernanda Garcia Lao: the novels Amor Invertido (2015), Nacion Vacuna (2017) and the poetry book Dolorosa (2017). I begin with a brief review of the trajectory that the studies of the feminist sociolinguist have followed from the sixties to today. Later, I analyze the authoress’s works, which are characterized by the abundant use of dysphemisms (offensive language) that breaks social convention. Here I wish to focus on the treatment of sex in Garcia´s language. I try to determine how the characterization described in the abundant bibliography on the language of women as normative of the feminine gender is assumed by the writer. In the end, I conclude that Garcia Lao’s language is presented as a discursive political strategy that tries to enable another form of openly erotic and provocative feminine poetic language that comes out of the masculine feminine binarism that normalizes individualistic people and ultimately misanthropes. I describe and explain how the authoress’s speech is an expression of a dissident feminism that seeks neither the victimization of the feminine nor the relation between post-feminist sexuality and subjectivity, where representations of femininity and female sexuality works to secure the status quo imposed by the neoliberal / consumerist system. And there is more evidence of a marked influence of Chicano feminism that had as one of its greatest exponents the writer Gloria Anzaldua.
自从Chicana作家Gloria Anzaldua的《La Prieta》(1981)和北美语言学家Robin Lakoff的《Language and women 's place》(1995[1975])出版以来，社会语言学的大部分研究都集中在强调女性语言的消极内涵，并试图强调其积极方面。本文根据女权主义社会语言学的研究，分析了阿根廷作家费尔南达·加西亚·劳的三部作品中的语言:小说《无性恋》(2015)、《空虚的国度》(2017)和诗集《忧郁》(2017)。我首先简要回顾一下女性主义社会语言学家的研究从60年代到今天所遵循的轨迹。随后，我分析了作者的作品，其特点是大量使用了打破社会惯例的恶意语言。在这里，我想把重点放在加西亚语言中对性的处理上。我试图确定作者如何将大量参考文献中描述的女性语言作为女性性别规范的特征。最后，我得出结论，加西亚·劳的语言是作为一种话语政治策略呈现的，它试图使另一种形式的公开色情和挑衅性的女性诗歌语言成为可能，这种语言来自于男性和女性的二元对立，这种二元对立使个人主义的人正常化，最终使厌恶人类的人正常化。我描述并解释了作者的演讲如何表达了一种持不同意见的女权主义，这种女权主义既不寻求女性的受害，也不寻求后女权主义性与主体性之间的关系，在后女权主义性和女性性的表现中，女性气质和女性性行为的表现是为了确保新自由主义/消费主义体系所强加的现状。还有更多的证据表明墨裔美国女性主义的显著影响其中最伟大的代表之一是作家格洛丽亚·安扎尔多瓦。
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Immacolata Sonia d'Apolito, Bianca Sisinni, Mirko Grimaldi, B. G. Fivela
La realizzazione del contrasto vocalico dell’inglese americano /ɑ-ʌ/ (es. cop-cup ) da parte di apprendenti italofoni risulta essere particolarmente difficile in produzione, poiche le differenze fonetiche-fonologiche dei due sistemi linguistici e le regole di conversione grafema-fonema fanno si che gli apprendenti italofoni realizzino il contrasto L2-/ɑ-ʌ/ utilizzando le vocali native /ɔ-a/ rispettivamente. Lo scopo di questo studio e quello di osservare se un breve training possa aiutare gli apprendenti italofoni a migliorare la produzione delle vocali non native /ɑ-ʌ/. In particolare, si effettuera un confronto tra un training percettivo e un training articolatorio, effettuato con l’utilizzo di un ecografo, al fine di osservare: 1) gli effetti di entrambi i training sulla realizzazione del contrasto L2 /ɑ-ʌ/; e 2) se il training articolatorio comporti risultati migliori rispetto a quello percettivo. Allo studio hanno partecipato nove studentesse salentine che sono state suddivise, in modo casuale, in tre gruppi: i) tre soggetti hanno preso parte al training percettivo della durata di un’ora (ES-P): ii) tre soggetti hanno partecipato al training articolatorio con ultrasuono della durata di un’ora (ES-US); iii) tre soggetti di controllo che non hanno effettuato alcun tipo di training (CS). I primi due gruppi (ES-P e ES-US) hanno ricevuto istruzioni sulle caratteristiche fonetiche sia delle vocali L2 /ɑ-ʌ/ che delle vocali della L1 /ɔ-a/ nonche sulle loro differenze utilizzando una rappresentazione sul piano cartesiano delle formanti F1 e F2. Successivamente, ciascun gruppo ha effettuato il training : i) i soggetti del gruppo ES-P hanno effettuato un test di identificazione basato sulla procedura High Variability Phonetic Training ; ii) i soggetti del gruppo ES-US hanno effettuato un training articolatorio osservando sia un video relativo ai gesti linguali durante la produzione delle vocali /ɑ-ʌ/ da parte di un parlante nativo, sia una visualizzazione dinamica dei movimenti e della posizione della lingua, ottenuta grazie ad una sonda ecografica posizionata sotto il proprio mento. Le partecipanti sono state registrate sia prima che dopo l’addestramento (pre- e post-test) e le loro produzioni sono state analizzate acusticamente misurando il valore delle prime due formanti. I risultati mostrano che nel pre-test tutti le apprendenti realizzano L2-/ɑ-ʌ/ come L1-/ɔ-a/ rispettivamente. Al contrario, nel post-test sono soprattutto le apprendenti che hanno effettuato il training articolatorio riescono a realizzare le vocali L2 in modo differente sia rispetto a quelle realizzate nel pre-test sia rispetto alle vocali della L1. In particolare, un’apprendente produce entrambe le vocali non native in modo piu accurato. Il training articolatorio sembra quindi essere piu efficace del training percettivo.
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Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.1285/I22390359V44P203
Nunziana Mastrangelo
This essay focuses on Inga Simpson’s Understory: A Life with Trees (2017) through which Australian flora and fauna become a powerful expression of her ecological activism and bioregional awareness. This will be analyzed by using Riane Eisler’s biocultural partnership-domination paradigm to highlight the relationship between Australian culture and its natural environment, in particular the threatening impact of human beings and climate change. Simpson’s interest in the ‘cognitive’ functions of plants (recognitions, learning mechanisms and remembrance) will also show significant analogies with Monica Gagliano and Stefano Mancuso’s studies.
这篇文章的重点是英加·辛普森的Understory: A Life with Trees(2017)，通过这本书，澳大利亚的动植物成为她生态活动和生物区域意识的有力表达。这将通过使用Riane Eisler的生物文化伙伴关系-支配范式来分析，以突出澳大利亚文化与其自然环境之间的关系，特别是人类和气候变化的威胁影响。辛普森对植物的“认知”功能(识别、学习机制和记忆)的兴趣也将与莫妮卡·加利亚诺和斯特凡诺·曼库索的研究有重要的相似之处。
{"title":"Inga Simpson’s undestory, A life with trees. A taxonomy of Australian landscape","authors":"Nunziana Mastrangelo","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V44P203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V44P203","url":null,"abstract":"This essay focuses on Inga Simpson’s Understory: A Life with Trees (2017) through which Australian flora and fauna become a powerful expression of her ecological activism and bioregional awareness. This will be analyzed by using Riane Eisler’s biocultural partnership-domination paradigm to highlight the relationship between Australian culture and its natural environment, in particular the threatening impact of human beings and climate change. Simpson’s interest in the ‘cognitive’ functions of plants (recognitions, learning mechanisms and remembrance) will also show significant analogies with Monica Gagliano and Stefano Mancuso’s studies.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84221649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Concerns about climate change have seen increased attention across virtually all media after 2000. In addition to raising ecological awareness, these concerns have inspired numerous gothic fictions, in which the polar thaw consequent on global warming becomes a source of paranoia, fear and horror. This article explores a specific group of twenty-first-century cultural products that associate polar melting with epidemics triggered by pathogens or infectious insects released after lying dormant in the ice. Often called “zombie” viruses or bacteria, these pathogens appear in a wide range of fictions as well as in sensational articles that use gothic paraphernalia to describe the spread of terrible diseases. Like spectres, these agents of contagion return from the past to haunt the present; they also cast a dark shadow upon the future, as they become the invisible protagonists of “dystopian ecological visions” in which humankind and other species are at risk of annihilation. Four types of products are analysed to demonstrate that they convey similar anxieties by combining images of environmental disaster with pandemics. Different though they are in genre and medium, novels like Thaw’s Hammer (2010), films like The Thaw (2009) and TV series like Fortitude (2015-18) not only interrogate the epistemological limits of science; they also shed light onto dangerous socioeconomic dynamics while posing ethical dilemmas about the human meddling with nature. Mostly produced before the spread of coronavirus, these fictions are made more appealing by the current pandemic, which has encouraged speculation over new potential sources of contagion. Their appeal is confirmed by the 2020 proliferation of newspaper/magazine articles focusing on “zombie” pathogens. By merging objectivity with sensationalism, these articles turn pathogens into spectral agents that seek revenge for human crimes against nature.
{"title":"Polar contagion. Ecogothic anxiety across media in the twenty-first century","authors":"Mariaconcetta Costantini","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V44P67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V44P67","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about climate change have seen increased attention across virtually all media after 2000. In addition to raising ecological awareness, these concerns have inspired numerous gothic fictions, in which the polar thaw consequent on global warming becomes a source of paranoia, fear and horror. This article explores a specific group of twenty-first-century cultural products that associate polar melting with epidemics triggered by pathogens or infectious insects released after lying dormant in the ice. Often called “zombie” viruses or bacteria, these pathogens appear in a wide range of fictions as well as in sensational articles that use gothic paraphernalia to describe the spread of terrible diseases. Like spectres, these agents of contagion return from the past to haunt the present; they also cast a dark shadow upon the future, as they become the invisible protagonists of “dystopian ecological visions” in which humankind and other species are at risk of annihilation. Four types of products are analysed to demonstrate that they convey similar anxieties by combining images of environmental disaster with pandemics. Different though they are in genre and medium, novels like Thaw’s Hammer (2010), films like The Thaw (2009) and TV series like Fortitude (2015-18) not only interrogate the epistemological limits of science; they also shed light onto dangerous socioeconomic dynamics while posing ethical dilemmas about the human meddling with nature. Mostly produced before the spread of coronavirus, these fictions are made more appealing by the current pandemic, which has encouraged speculation over new potential sources of contagion. Their appeal is confirmed by the 2020 proliferation of newspaper/magazine articles focusing on “zombie” pathogens. By merging objectivity with sensationalism, these articles turn pathogens into spectral agents that seek revenge for human crimes against nature.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86475593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article aims to define and discuss the concept of inclusive theatre-making , from a theoretical, methodological and practical standpoint. Moving from previous research on accessible filmmaking, participatory accessibility and accessibility as a human right, the article proposes a paradigmatic shift from the somewhat privative notion of accessibility to the more comprehensive and equalitarian concept of inclusion. Drawing from drama studies, behavioural psychology and inclusive design theory, the article offers a set of key notions to be further defined and to be applied to the analysis of instances of inclusive theatre-making across Europe and beyond.
{"title":"Oltre l’accessibilità. I teatri inclusivi","authors":"Elena Di Giovanni","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V43P15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V43P15","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to define and discuss the concept of inclusive theatre-making , from a theoretical, methodological and practical standpoint. Moving from previous research on accessible filmmaking, participatory accessibility and accessibility as a human right, the article proposes a paradigmatic shift from the somewhat privative notion of accessibility to the more comprehensive and equalitarian concept of inclusion. Drawing from drama studies, behavioural psychology and inclusive design theory, the article offers a set of key notions to be further defined and to be applied to the analysis of instances of inclusive theatre-making across Europe and beyond.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay discusses an audience reception study carried out in the framework of media accessibility in order to evaluate the experience of blind/partially sighted patrons and their (sighted) accompanying persons in the context of Macerata Opera Festival (MOF), 2018 edition. Adopting a qualitative analytical approach, in which the main interest is on individuals (i.e. the samples under investigation), and relying on post-hoc self-report questionnaires, three interdependent variables were measured: (1) comprehension and recall , (2) cognitive load , and (3) psychological immersion . This analytical approach was then combined with a descriptive approach including the collection of attitudinal data for the evaluation of appreciation and preferences . Results reveal that there was no substantial divergence in the levels of the variables under investigation between the two samples: blind/partially sighted and sighted (accompanying) patrons. Additionally, audio description and tactile tours did not provoke cognitive overloading and they even increased psychological immersion. Furthermore, it is possible to find a correspondence between the high levels of appreciation and preferences and the results related to comprehension and recall, cognitive load, and psychological immersion. This confirms the effectiveness of audio descriptions and tactile tours in enhancing audience’s experience and increasing blind/partially sighted users’ empowerment.
{"title":"La valutazione dell’esperienza del pubblico. Accessibilità e studi di ricezione al Macerata Opera Festival","authors":"F. Raffi","doi":"10.1285/I22390359V43P33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1285/I22390359V43P33","url":null,"abstract":"This essay discusses an audience reception study carried out in the framework of media accessibility in order to evaluate the experience of blind/partially sighted patrons and their (sighted) accompanying persons in the context of Macerata Opera Festival (MOF), 2018 edition. Adopting a qualitative analytical approach, in which the main interest is on individuals (i.e. the samples under investigation), and relying on post-hoc self-report questionnaires, three interdependent variables were measured: (1) comprehension and recall , (2) cognitive load , and (3) psychological immersion . This analytical approach was then combined with a descriptive approach including the collection of attitudinal data for the evaluation of appreciation and preferences . Results reveal that there was no substantial divergence in the levels of the variables under investigation between the two samples: blind/partially sighted and sighted (accompanying) patrons. Additionally, audio description and tactile tours did not provoke cognitive overloading and they even increased psychological immersion. Furthermore, it is possible to find a correspondence between the high levels of appreciation and preferences and the results related to comprehension and recall, cognitive load, and psychological immersion. This confirms the effectiveness of audio descriptions and tactile tours in enhancing audience’s experience and increasing blind/partially sighted users’ empowerment.","PeriodicalId":30935,"journal":{"name":"Lingue e Linguaggi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75527910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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