Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-5-22
P. Orekhovsky
The tools of the new political economy are rarely used in the analysis of the problems of the Soviet economy. A homogeneous society without class contradictions, with a quota socialist electoral system, and the absolute dominance of one ruling party formally contradicts the basic premises of this toolkit. At present time most researchers agree, that Soviet society was heterogeneous (some scientists even attribute class contradictions to it), but do not go any further. This progress is contradicted by the idea of the USSR as an ideocratic state, based on the civil religion of Marxism-Leninism. But the latter explains the stability of the political regime, not its collapse. The new political economy makes it possible to notice that the USSR was a formal confederation, which became a reality when party influence was neutralized, as well as a corporate state, within which there was a sharp political struggle for resources. These relations were masked by the myth of public property, which was socialist state property. As it seemed to Soviet theoreticians, a single national economic complex was indivisible. The rupture of economic ties was not beneficial to both enterprises and national elites. Nevertheless, the Soviet conditions made the orientation towards obtaining the maximum of centralized investments with the subsequent withdrawal of the republic from the single economic space quite rational. Institutional conditions, within which the institutions that protect the state from disintegration are neutralized, are periodically encountered in situations of power transit. The «Gorbachev Phenomenon» is a situation in which there is a paralysis of power associated with sharp contradictions within the ruling coalition. In such a situation, the private interests of small groups become politically legitimate, and it is almost impossible to stop the collapse of the state.
{"title":"“THE GORBACHEV PHENOMENON”: THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE NEW POLITICAL ECONOMY","authors":"P. Orekhovsky","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-5-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-5-22","url":null,"abstract":"The tools of the new political economy are rarely used in the analysis of the problems of the Soviet economy. A homogeneous society without class contradictions, with a quota socialist electoral system, and the absolute dominance of one ruling party formally contradicts the basic premises of this toolkit. At present time most researchers agree, that Soviet society was heterogeneous (some scientists even attribute class contradictions to it), but do not go any further. This progress is contradicted by the idea of the USSR as an ideocratic state, based on the civil religion of Marxism-Leninism. But the latter explains the stability of the political regime, not its collapse. The new political economy makes it possible to notice that the USSR was a formal confederation, which became a reality when party influence was neutralized, as well as a corporate state, within which there was a sharp political struggle for resources. These relations were masked by the myth of public property, which was socialist state property. As it seemed to Soviet theoreticians, a single national economic complex was indivisible. The rupture of economic ties was not beneficial to both enterprises and national elites. Nevertheless, the Soviet conditions made the orientation towards obtaining the maximum of centralized investments with the subsequent withdrawal of the republic from the single economic space quite rational. Institutional conditions, within which the institutions that protect the state from disintegration are neutralized, are periodically encountered in situations of power transit. The «Gorbachev Phenomenon» is a situation in which there is a paralysis of power associated with sharp contradictions within the ruling coalition. In such a situation, the private interests of small groups become politically legitimate, and it is almost impossible to stop the collapse of the state.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77501100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-23-42
R. Babkin
The article proposes approaches to the typologization of municipalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of objective indicators in the framework of one of the urgent tasks of the state policy of spatial development on the introduction of a system for monitoring socio-economic development at the municipal level. The analysis of many parameters of socio-economic development of municipalities allowed us to identify 9 most acceptable typologies for the development of this kind: specialization of the economy, socio-economic risks, geo-economic situation, agglomeration situation, population, urbanization, status and settlement role, climatic conditions, area. In the article in the case of regions located in different parts of the country: Kursk, Kaliningrad and Irkutsk regions. In the article shows that the selected indicators reflect various aspects of the economic, social and geographical location of the municipality and allow us to develop a stable typology of municipalities taking into account differences in their level of economic development, demographic potential and geographical location features and can be presented in the form of matrices with letter encodings. The obtained typological matrices in the future, depending on the combination of letter encodings, will become the basis for a comprehensive typology of municipalities.
{"title":"Approaches to the Creation of a Comprehensive Typology for the Monitoring System of Socio-Economic Development of Municipalities of the Russian Federation","authors":"R. Babkin","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-23-42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-3-23-42","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes approaches to the typologization of municipalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of objective indicators in the framework of one of the urgent tasks of the state policy of spatial development on the introduction of a system for monitoring socio-economic development at the municipal level. The analysis of many parameters of socio-economic development of municipalities allowed us to identify 9 most acceptable typologies for the development of this kind: specialization of the economy, socio-economic risks, geo-economic situation, agglomeration situation, population, urbanization, status and settlement role, climatic conditions, area. In the article in the case of regions located in different parts of the country: Kursk, Kaliningrad and Irkutsk regions. In the article shows that the selected indicators reflect various aspects of the economic, social and geographical location of the municipality and allow us to develop a stable typology of municipalities taking into account differences in their level of economic development, demographic potential and geographical location features and can be presented in the form of matrices with letter encodings. The obtained typological matrices in the future, depending on the combination of letter encodings, will become the basis for a comprehensive typology of municipalities.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84041723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-177-221
S. Valentey, A. Bakhtizin, S. Borisova, A. V. Kol’chugina, L. N. Lykov
The expert community is actively working to determine the depth of the consequences for the domestic economy of large-scale sanctions pressure. One of the directions of such an analysis is the assessment of the situation in the social sphere and in the real sector of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is obvious that the differences in the levels of development of regional economies; varying degrees of depth of their immersion in world economic relations; the volume of regional budget revenues received from the activities of foreign companies located on their territory and other factors will predetermine the amount of damage inflicted on Russian regions. To minimize its magnitude and, most importantly, to develop a viable strategy for overcoming the crisis, it is not enough to fix the scale of losses. An effective strategy requires foresight, and it is impossible without understanding the nature and direction of trends in the development of regional economies, at least in the medium term. This article proposes one of the possible options for the methodology to answer these questions. The authors believe the approach is quite correct, because the trends in the development of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were studied based on an analysis of the situation that took place during the pandemic. The first version of the methodology was tested in 2021 and presented in issue 4 of the journal Federalism. Below is a refined version of the methodology, the use of which gave more reliable results.
{"title":"Development Trends of Regional Economies in Russia","authors":"S. Valentey, A. Bakhtizin, S. Borisova, A. V. Kol’chugina, L. N. Lykov","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-177-221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-177-221","url":null,"abstract":"The expert community is actively working to determine the depth of the consequences for the domestic economy of large-scale sanctions pressure. One of the directions of such an analysis is the assessment of the situation in the social sphere and in the real sector of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. It is obvious that the differences in the levels of development of regional economies; varying degrees of depth of their immersion in world economic relations; the volume of regional budget revenues received from the activities of foreign companies located on their territory and other factors will predetermine the amount of damage inflicted on Russian regions. To minimize its magnitude and, most importantly, to develop a viable strategy for overcoming the crisis, it is not enough to fix the scale of losses. An effective strategy requires foresight, and it is impossible without understanding the nature and direction of trends in the development of regional economies, at least in the medium term. This article proposes one of the possible options for the methodology to answer these questions. The authors believe the approach is quite correct, because the trends in the development of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were studied based on an analysis of the situation that took place during the pandemic. The first version of the methodology was tested in 2021 and presented in issue 4 of the journal Federalism. Below is a refined version of the methodology, the use of which gave more reliable results.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82546457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-143-158
M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva
Today we can observe a number of fundamental changes in the interstate sphere. There is the systemic crisis of international law. We also can see the attempts to replace it with the American concept of a “rules-based world order”. In response to the unfriendly actions of Western countries, Russia has taken a number of measures in various fields, such as a diplomatic, economic, financial, trade, educational, etc. Russia’s withdrawal from some international organizations unfriendly to our country has begun. At the same time, the legislation of the Russian Federation has accumulated a significant number of acts ratifying international treaties (agreements) which are currently irrelevant or do not correspond to the interests of the Russian Federation, limiting its sovereignty in modern conditions. Considering the obviously unfriendly nature of the activities of a number of states, Russia need for an inventory and revision of it. In addition, Russia is a member of a number of international organizations leading an anti-Russian policy. It makes necessary to audit the expediency of the country’s participation in their activities.
{"title":"On Measures to Ensure Sovereignty the Russian Legal System","authors":"M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-143-158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-143-158","url":null,"abstract":"Today we can observe a number of fundamental changes in the interstate sphere. There is the systemic crisis of international law. We also can see the attempts to replace it with the American concept of a “rules-based world order”. In response to the unfriendly actions of Western countries, Russia has taken a number of measures in various fields, such as a diplomatic, economic, financial, trade, educational, etc. Russia’s withdrawal from some international organizations unfriendly to our country has begun. At the same time, the legislation of the Russian Federation has accumulated a significant number of acts ratifying international treaties (agreements) which are currently irrelevant or do not correspond to the interests of the Russian Federation, limiting its sovereignty in modern conditions. Considering the obviously unfriendly nature of the activities of a number of states, Russia need for an inventory and revision of it. In addition, Russia is a member of a number of international organizations leading an anti-Russian policy. It makes necessary to audit the expediency of the country’s participation in their activities.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72495919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-82-97
A. Odintsova
Local self-government is the most important component in the system of federative relations. The general indicators of the country’s socio-economic development largely depend on the chosen model of local self-government, the mechanisms of relations between municipalities, both with regional and federal public authorities. The recent changes in the Russian Federation at the level of constitutional and legal regulation have changed the institutional field of municipal development. These changes were followed by the development of two important bills: the Draft Federal Law «On Urban Agglomerations» prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development, and the Draft Federal Law «On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in a Unified System of Public Power», the analysis of which is the focus of the article. Based on the study of world experience, it is concluded that the transformations of the institutional space of local self-government and municipal development taking place in Russia, in general, correspond to global trends in spatial development. Particular attention is paid to urban agglomerations as, on the one hand, a modern form of spatial organization; and, on the other hand, a form of inter-municipal cooperation.
{"title":"Reforming the Institutional Space for The Development of Municipalities","authors":"A. Odintsova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-82-97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-82-97","url":null,"abstract":"Local self-government is the most important component in the system of federative relations. The general indicators of the country’s socio-economic development largely depend on the chosen model of local self-government, the mechanisms of relations between municipalities, both with regional and federal public authorities. The recent changes in the Russian Federation at the level of constitutional and legal regulation have changed the institutional field of municipal development. These changes were followed by the development of two important bills: the Draft Federal Law «On Urban Agglomerations» prepared by the Ministry of Economic Development, and the Draft Federal Law «On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in a Unified System of Public Power», the analysis of which is the focus of the article. Based on the study of world experience, it is concluded that the transformations of the institutional space of local self-government and municipal development taking place in Russia, in general, correspond to global trends in spatial development. Particular attention is paid to urban agglomerations as, on the one hand, a modern form of spatial organization; and, on the other hand, a form of inter-municipal cooperation.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85152671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-98-121
W. Xing, E. Sibirskaya, L. Oveshnikova
Today, there is a fairly good level of cooperation and interaction in various spheres and on various issues between Russia and China. To a greater extent, this applies to trade and economic, military-political, cultural and educational partnerships. There are quite a lot of factors contributing to this trend, but the key ones are: the presence of a high level of military-political, economic and socio-social sovereignty, as well as stability in both countries; a good level of diplomatic missions; the range of problems and dangers of the external environment are mutually mediated and identical for both Russia and China; the foreign policy courses of the countries have many points of contact in terms of vision of global transformations and transformations of the world market, and their common vectors and promising trends coincide; there are many mutually beneficial projects in the field of economics, the implementation of which depends on the level of achievement of strategic the goals of both Russia and China both in the medium and long term. It is important to emphasize that these trends have intensified, strengthened and acquired a special conceptual meaning against the background of heightened military and political tensions in the world, the application of large-scale sectoral sanctions against Russia by many countries of the world, mostly by the United States and European countries, the strengthening of diplomatic confrontation between China and the United States, as well as in trade andin the economic sphere and on issues of determining the status of fr. Taiwan. The relevance of studying tactical and strategic initiative decisions, as well as prospects within the framework of the international model of cooperation – “One belt – one road” certainly has a high level of significance, has an applied meaning and clearly expressed socio-economic and political expediency. It is important that this initiative becomes a platform for productive and mutually beneficial cooperation for countries and various organizations with the achievement of maximum synergetic effect. This project should become the starting point for the implementation of the strategic vector in Russia’s international policy – «turn to the East». The study places clear emphasis on the promising possibility of joint implementation of this project model of international cooperation.
{"title":"Potential to Promote the Initiative “One Belt – One Way” in Russia","authors":"W. Xing, E. Sibirskaya, L. Oveshnikova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-98-121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-98-121","url":null,"abstract":"Today, there is a fairly good level of cooperation and interaction in various spheres and on various issues between Russia and China. To a greater extent, this applies to trade and economic, military-political, cultural and educational partnerships. There are quite a lot of factors contributing to this trend, but the key ones are: the presence of a high level of military-political, economic and socio-social sovereignty, as well as stability in both countries; a good level of diplomatic missions; the range of problems and dangers of the external environment are mutually mediated and identical for both Russia and China; the foreign policy courses of the countries have many points of contact in terms of vision of global transformations and transformations of the world market, and their common vectors and promising trends coincide; there are many mutually beneficial projects in the field of economics, the implementation of which depends on the level of achievement of strategic the goals of both Russia and China both in the medium and long term. It is important to emphasize that these trends have intensified, strengthened and acquired a special conceptual meaning against the background of heightened military and political tensions in the world, the application of large-scale sectoral sanctions against Russia by many countries of the world, mostly by the United States and European countries, the strengthening of diplomatic confrontation between China and the United States, as well as in trade andin the economic sphere and on issues of determining the status of fr. Taiwan. The relevance of studying tactical and strategic initiative decisions, as well as prospects within the framework of the international model of cooperation – “One belt – one road” certainly has a high level of significance, has an applied meaning and clearly expressed socio-economic and political expediency. It is important that this initiative becomes a platform for productive and mutually beneficial cooperation for countries and various organizations with the achievement of maximum synergetic effect. This project should become the starting point for the implementation of the strategic vector in Russia’s international policy – «turn to the East». The study places clear emphasis on the promising possibility of joint implementation of this project model of international cooperation.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72957881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-159-176
S. Badina, R. Babkin, N. M. Skobeev
The evolutionary socio-economic development of cities can be greatly accelerated under the stimulating effect of housing, commercial or infrastructure construction projects that change the structural and functional organization of the urban continuum in a short time. At the same time, the existing official statistical data have low spatial and temporal detail – most of the demographic variables have an annual representation in the context of municipalities, which does not allow considering local transformations. The use of mobile operators data and information on new housing construction makes it possible to identify the directions of morphological and functional transformation of urban space, linking the directions and scale of changes with potential natural and man-made risks for the study areas.
{"title":"New Housing Construction as a Factor of Increasing the Vulnerability of Large Cities Population to Natural and Man-Made Hazards","authors":"S. Badina, R. Babkin, N. M. Skobeev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-159-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-159-176","url":null,"abstract":"The evolutionary socio-economic development of cities can be greatly accelerated under the stimulating effect of housing, commercial or infrastructure construction projects that change the structural and functional organization of the urban continuum in a short time. At the same time, the existing official statistical data have low spatial and temporal detail – most of the demographic variables have an annual representation in the context of municipalities, which does not allow considering local transformations. The use of mobile operators data and information on new housing construction makes it possible to identify the directions of morphological and functional transformation of urban space, linking the directions and scale of changes with potential natural and man-made risks for the study areas.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84887781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-31-45
S. I. Shabel’nikova
Having successfully passed the tests of the pandemic, the Russian economy has faced new challenges. Unprecedented sanctions have been imposed on our country by unfriendly States. They affected the Bank of Russia and are related to the management of reserves and assets, as a result of which more than half are blocked. A number of Russian banks have disconnected from the SWIFT payment system and restricted cross-border transfers. Against the background of such a difficult geopolitical situation, the regional economy and the budget system were under serious threat. However, the «pandemic» experience gained allowed the Government of the Russian Federation, the Parliament, and regional management teams not to react slowly to the events taking place and take the necessary steps to contain external sanctions pressure. Priority actions were aimed at stabilizing the situation in financial markets, tax incentives and reducing regulatory restrictions, import support, speeding up budget procedures and the use of funds from state-owned companies, support for SMEs and system-forming enterprises. The rights of the Government of the Russian Federation have been expanded and the opportunity has been given to direct the funds of the NWF for the purchase of Russian government securities and shares of Russian issuers, to identify specific investment projects in the tourism industry. In addition, legislative norms have been adopted that allow regions to respond quickly to changes in the geopolitical situation and the economic situation and reduce the impact of negative factors on the budget system. This article examines the issues of the state of regional budgets in modern conditions, analyzes the state measures taken to preserve the stability of the budget system, and also suggests mechanisms aimed at further strengthening and stabilizing the situation in the regions to ensure the balance of regional budgets.
{"title":"Problems of Ensuring the Balance of Regional Budgets in The Conditions of Sanctions Pressure","authors":"S. I. Shabel’nikova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-31-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-31-45","url":null,"abstract":"Having successfully passed the tests of the pandemic, the Russian economy has faced new challenges. Unprecedented sanctions have been imposed on our country by unfriendly States. They affected the Bank of Russia and are related to the management of reserves and assets, as a result of which more than half are blocked. A number of Russian banks have disconnected from the SWIFT payment system and restricted cross-border transfers. Against the background of such a difficult geopolitical situation, the regional economy and the budget system were under serious threat. However, the «pandemic» experience gained allowed the Government of the Russian Federation, the Parliament, and regional management teams not to react slowly to the events taking place and take the necessary steps to contain external sanctions pressure. Priority actions were aimed at stabilizing the situation in financial markets, tax incentives and reducing regulatory restrictions, import support, speeding up budget procedures and the use of funds from state-owned companies, support for SMEs and system-forming enterprises. The rights of the Government of the Russian Federation have been expanded and the opportunity has been given to direct the funds of the NWF for the purchase of Russian government securities and shares of Russian issuers, to identify specific investment projects in the tourism industry. In addition, legislative norms have been adopted that allow regions to respond quickly to changes in the geopolitical situation and the economic situation and reduce the impact of negative factors on the budget system. This article examines the issues of the state of regional budgets in modern conditions, analyzes the state measures taken to preserve the stability of the budget system, and also suggests mechanisms aimed at further strengthening and stabilizing the situation in the regions to ensure the balance of regional budgets.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75109728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-5-30
I. S. Andreеchev
Simultaneously with the evolution of the modern Russian state, federal relations are also developing. Since 2000, one of the priorities of state development has been to ensure the unity of the Russian state. This task was realized through the formation of a unified legal system, ensuring the unity of the system of public authority, the unity of the status of the individual throughout the state, the sovereignty and state integrity of the Russian Federation, the supremacy of the Constitution of Russia and federal laws throughout its territory, the unity of the economic space. The concept of «unity of legal space» has steadily entered the constitutional and legal matter, the study of which is devoted to quite a few theoretical studies. No less than practical studies reflecting the results of the ongoing work to ensure the unity of the legal space in Russia. It is impossible to carry out such a policy without ensuring genuine legal equality of the regions that make up the Russian Federation. The diverse and numerous composition of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the diversity of their interests, factors of law-making and law enforcement practice have given rise to a multidimensional phenomenon consisting in the presence of different rights (opportunities) of the subjects of the Russian Federation implemented in the field of law-making (in the presence of uniformly established their subjects of competence and powers), to which the federal center reacts differently. The existence of such a practice indicates a violation of the principle of equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation among themselves (Part 1 of art. 5 of the Constitution of Russia) and in relations with federal state authorities (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Constitution of Russia). Such a view (approach) in research on the legal equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation and ensuring the unity of the legal space is innovative. The article reveals the depth of differences, the reasons and motives for the occurrence of such examples, and also suggests a mechanism for their settlement, using numerous practical examples, including based on the author’s experience.
{"title":"Legal Inequality of the Subjects of the Russian Federation and the Problems of Ensuring the Unity of the Legal Space","authors":"I. S. Andreеchev","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-5-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-5-30","url":null,"abstract":"Simultaneously with the evolution of the modern Russian state, federal relations are also developing. Since 2000, one of the priorities of state development has been to ensure the unity of the Russian state. This task was realized through the formation of a unified legal system, ensuring the unity of the system of public authority, the unity of the status of the individual throughout the state, the sovereignty and state integrity of the Russian Federation, the supremacy of the Constitution of Russia and federal laws throughout its territory, the unity of the economic space. The concept of «unity of legal space» has steadily entered the constitutional and legal matter, the study of which is devoted to quite a few theoretical studies. No less than practical studies reflecting the results of the ongoing work to ensure the unity of the legal space in Russia. It is impossible to carry out such a policy without ensuring genuine legal equality of the regions that make up the Russian Federation. The diverse and numerous composition of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the diversity of their interests, factors of law-making and law enforcement practice have given rise to a multidimensional phenomenon consisting in the presence of different rights (opportunities) of the subjects of the Russian Federation implemented in the field of law-making (in the presence of uniformly established their subjects of competence and powers), to which the federal center reacts differently. The existence of such a practice indicates a violation of the principle of equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation among themselves (Part 1 of art. 5 of the Constitution of Russia) and in relations with federal state authorities (Part 5 of Article 5 of the Constitution of Russia). Such a view (approach) in research on the legal equality of the subjects of the Russian Federation and ensuring the unity of the legal space is innovative. The article reveals the depth of differences, the reasons and motives for the occurrence of such examples, and also suggests a mechanism for their settlement, using numerous practical examples, including based on the author’s experience.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79205430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-122-142
A. Petrikov
In the new geopolitical reality, the problem of ensuring food security has become more acute both in the whole world and in Russia. The Government of the Russian Federation has taken a number of short-term measures to stimulate agriculture and stabilize the food market. However, there are a number of risks and threats to the agrarian economy in the medium and long term (insufficient level of development of the I sphere of the agroindustrial complex, which supplies agriculture with means of production and material and technical resources; dependence on imported technologies; unbalanced institutional structure of agriculture; weak diversification of the rural economy and lagging social sphere of the village). The article analyzes these risks and threats on the basis of international and domestic statistics, including the specifics of their manifestation in the context of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The directions of agrarian policy are considered in order to mitigate the mentioned threats, including measures for the development of agricultural science and commercialization of its results, stimulation of small business in the agro-industrial complex and agricultural cooperation, sustainable development of rural areas.
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