Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-46-61
I. Karavaeva
The article examines the process of formation and manifestation of signs of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article substantiates why the contradiction between the economic and social interests of economic entities at all levels that arose in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic played the role of a catalyst in the formation and development of the modern systemic crisis of a market economy. It is shown that today the problems of global, national and regional economic security in their organic and systemic relationship with social /economic/ political/ bacteriological security are in the same row. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening sanctions pressure on the Russian economy in transforming the social factor of national security into a socio-political one and in accelerating the development of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article shows what fundamental changes have occurred at the national and interstate levels during the period of application of socio-political sanctions in the model of global economic relations. The author explains on the basis of what objective reasons traditional principles of economic relations are being destroyed and new principles of economic relations between states and economic counterparties are being formed in the conditions of the changed socio-political situation in the world. The article examines the phenomenon of geo-economic fragmentation and its relationship with the change in the centers of development and influence in the global economy. The author predicted the main characteristics of the functioning of the new system of economic relations in the post-crisis model of economic development and Russia’s place in it.
{"title":"Systemic Crisis 2022: Theoretical Aspect","authors":"I. Karavaeva","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-46-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-46-61","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the process of formation and manifestation of signs of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article substantiates why the contradiction between the economic and social interests of economic entities at all levels that arose in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic played the role of a catalyst in the formation and development of the modern systemic crisis of a market economy. It is shown that today the problems of global, national and regional economic security in their organic and systemic relationship with social /economic/ political/ bacteriological security are in the same row. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation in 2022. The article emphasizes the importance of strengthening sanctions pressure on the Russian economy in transforming the social factor of national security into a socio-political one and in accelerating the development of a systemic crisis in the modern economy. The article shows what fundamental changes have occurred at the national and interstate levels during the period of application of socio-political sanctions in the model of global economic relations. The author explains on the basis of what objective reasons traditional principles of economic relations are being destroyed and new principles of economic relations between states and economic counterparties are being formed in the conditions of the changed socio-political situation in the world. The article examines the phenomenon of geo-economic fragmentation and its relationship with the change in the centers of development and influence in the global economy. The author predicted the main characteristics of the functioning of the new system of economic relations in the post-crisis model of economic development and Russia’s place in it.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88700677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-06DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-62-81
I. Lavrentieva, V. V. Javakhia, N. Sedova
In the context of the implementation of the state program for the integrated development of rural areas, the issue of assessing the quality of the environment of rural areas remains particularly relevant in order to determine priority areas of development and allocation of budget funds. Until now, there was no such methodology, at the same time there was a methodology for assessing the quality of the urban environment, which is not applicable in rural territories, since it does not take into account the specifics of their development. The article presents a methodology for calculating the quality of rural areas. The authors emphasize in their research the relevance of the development of this methodology, as it will allow to assess the quality of rural areas and on its basis to propose directions for improving the policy of state regulation within the framework of existing regulatory legal acts. The authors identified the key areas of rural environment development, 11 assessment groups and the assessment is carried out by 30 indicators for each object of assessment. A point system has been developed for the transition from absolute values of indicators by indicators to a single calculation system. As part of the assessment, integral indices are also formed that allow assessing the quality of the environment at the level of the whole country, individual regions, municipalities and settlements. At each level of assessment, it is possible to identify key areas of improvement, work in which will ensure maximum effect for the growth of the quality of the rural environment at various levels of management.
{"title":"Evaluation Criteria and Algorithm for Calculating the Environmental Quality Index of Rural Areas","authors":"I. Lavrentieva, V. V. Javakhia, N. Sedova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-62-81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-2-62-81","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of the implementation of the state program for the integrated development of rural areas, the issue of assessing the quality of the environment of rural areas remains particularly relevant in order to determine priority areas of development and allocation of budget funds. Until now, there was no such methodology, at the same time there was a methodology for assessing the quality of the urban environment, which is not applicable in rural territories, since it does not take into account the specifics of their development. The article presents a methodology for calculating the quality of rural areas. The authors emphasize in their research the relevance of the development of this methodology, as it will allow to assess the quality of rural areas and on its basis to propose directions for improving the policy of state regulation within the framework of existing regulatory legal acts. The authors identified the key areas of rural environment development, 11 assessment groups and the assessment is carried out by 30 indicators for each object of assessment. A point system has been developed for the transition from absolute values of indicators by indicators to a single calculation system. As part of the assessment, integral indices are also formed that allow assessing the quality of the environment at the level of the whole country, individual regions, municipalities and settlements. At each level of assessment, it is possible to identify key areas of improvement, work in which will ensure maximum effect for the growth of the quality of the rural environment at various levels of management.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87599594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-81-95
L. Oveshnikova, E. Sibirskaya
The problem of attracting foreign investment in the domestic economy has existed for many years and continues to retain its significance to this day. Despite the active work of foreign investors in the Russian economy, it loses competition to many states in terms of the amount of foreign capital attracted. This problem is relevant at the present time, due to the aggravated foreign economic disagreements and contradictions, since investments are extremely important for financing economic growth and ensuring economic security and protection. The need to study the problems of attracting foreign investment is also determined by the fact that Russia, having a huge investment potential for foreign investors, still has some risks that are a barrier to attract capital in the form of foreign investment in the Russian economy. The study focuses on the structural and dynamic component of attracting foreign investment in the national and regional economy of Russia, contributes to the disclosure of the reasons that affect the decline in global investment in the Russian economy and allows you to identify prospects for attracting foreign investment and investment activities in the Russian Federation with the participation of foreign investors.
{"title":"Foreign Investments in the National and Regional Economy of Russia","authors":"L. Oveshnikova, E. Sibirskaya","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-81-95","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-81-95","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of attracting foreign investment in the domestic economy has existed for many years and continues to retain its significance to this day. Despite the active work of foreign investors in the Russian economy, it loses competition to many states in terms of the amount of foreign capital attracted. This problem is relevant at the present time, due to the aggravated foreign economic disagreements and contradictions, since investments are extremely important for financing economic growth and ensuring economic security and protection. The need to study the problems of attracting foreign investment is also determined by the fact that Russia, having a huge investment potential for foreign investors, still has some risks that are a barrier to attract capital in the form of foreign investment in the Russian economy. The study focuses on the structural and dynamic component of attracting foreign investment in the national and regional economy of Russia, contributes to the disclosure of the reasons that affect the decline in global investment in the Russian economy and allows you to identify prospects for attracting foreign investment and investment activities in the Russian Federation with the participation of foreign investors.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91388931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-150-161
S. Alikhani
The Russian ruble depreciated sharply in 2014 after the US embargo was imposed, in just one day it lost 19% of its value, which was the biggest daily drop in the previous 16 years. Inflation has reached a three-year high. The reasons for the sharp decline in the indicators of the Russian economy were the factors of a sharp drop in oil prices, sanctions against the country and insufficient effective management. The article discusses Russia’s anti-sanctions actions at the federal and regional levels of government. It is concluded that the following measures have become the most effective in responding to sanctions: the introduction of import sanctions against countries subject to the embargo, reducing dependence on the dollar and euro in foreign trade (de-dollarization) by concluding bilateral currency agreements, changing export directions, introducing a national payment system, adopting import substitution plans within federal and regional policies, as well as a plan to support firms affected by sanctions. It is noted that the sanctions posed threats not only to the economy of Russia and its regions, but also to the economies of European countries and, ultimately, to the stability of the global financial system.
{"title":"Measures to Neutralize the Consequences of Sanctions Against Russia at the Federal and Regional Levels","authors":"S. Alikhani","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-150-161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-150-161","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian ruble depreciated sharply in 2014 after the US embargo was imposed, in just one day it lost 19% of its value, which was the biggest daily drop in the previous 16 years. Inflation has reached a three-year high. The reasons for the sharp decline in the indicators of the Russian economy were the factors of a sharp drop in oil prices, sanctions against the country and insufficient effective management. The article discusses Russia’s anti-sanctions actions at the federal and regional levels of government. It is concluded that the following measures have become the most effective in responding to sanctions: the introduction of import sanctions against countries subject to the embargo, reducing dependence on the dollar and euro in foreign trade (de-dollarization) by concluding bilateral currency agreements, changing export directions, introducing a national payment system, adopting import substitution plans within federal and regional policies, as well as a plan to support firms affected by sanctions. It is noted that the sanctions posed threats not only to the economy of Russia and its regions, but also to the economies of European countries and, ultimately, to the stability of the global financial system.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73786810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-96-112
E. Bukhvald
The adoption in 2021 of the updated version of the National security strategy of the Russian Federation gives grounds to assess how the problems of Russian federalism have been reflected in a series of documents of this kind over the past quarter of a century, primarily in the context of the development of its legal and economic foundations. The article argues that the constant improvement of these foundations is of great importance for the formation of prerequisites for the sustainable and safe development of the country’s economy and the Russian statehood as a whole. Both economic and non-economic factors closely interact in this component of national security. Here, the adequacy of the legal and institutional framework of the state policy in the field of security is fully manifested. Moreover, as it’s shown in the article, the economic and legal mechanism of federal relations is not only an object of security provision policy, but also acts as an instrument of this policy by ensuring the coordinated participation in it of all levels of public power – state federal and regional administration, as well as the system of local self-government. The main purpose of the article is to show that the updated version of the National security strategy has not yet found enough space for the systematic reflection of the relationship between the sustainable, secure development of the country with constant work, aimed to improve federal relations, where risks for the effective functioning of the state and municipal management system are really possible.
{"title":"Security Strategies and the Development of Federal Relations in Russia","authors":"E. Bukhvald","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-96-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-96-112","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption in 2021 of the updated version of the National security strategy of the Russian Federation gives grounds to assess how the problems of Russian federalism have been reflected in a series of documents of this kind over the past quarter of a century, primarily in the context of the development of its legal and economic foundations. The article argues that the constant improvement of these foundations is of great importance for the formation of prerequisites for the sustainable and safe development of the country’s economy and the Russian statehood as a whole. Both economic and non-economic factors closely interact in this component of national security. Here, the adequacy of the legal and institutional framework of the state policy in the field of security is fully manifested. Moreover, as it’s shown in the article, the economic and legal mechanism of federal relations is not only an object of security provision policy, but also acts as an instrument of this policy by ensuring the coordinated participation in it of all levels of public power – state federal and regional administration, as well as the system of local self-government. The main purpose of the article is to show that the updated version of the National security strategy has not yet found enough space for the systematic reflection of the relationship between the sustainable, secure development of the country with constant work, aimed to improve federal relations, where risks for the effective functioning of the state and municipal management system are really possible.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88597411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-51-65
O. Kuznetsova
Currently, one of the tasks of the state socio-economic policy in Russia is to increase the role of regional authorities in the scientific and technological development of regions. One of the tools for solving this problem should be the development of a national rating of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The Russian Academy of Sciences initiated the development of the index of scientific activity of the regions. This article suggests methodological approaches to the development of such an index, the main innovations of which should be an emphasis on the scientific development of regions (as opposed to the indices of innovative development), a separate assessment of the current level of development of science and its potential, an assessment of the scientific policy of regional authorities, an expanded range of indicators for training personnel for science, and starting from additional education of children. The possibilities of improving the indicators traditionally used to assess the scientific and technological development of regions are discussed, including in terms of more correct accounting of the activities of universities. It is proposed to develop a regional standard for scientific policy.
{"title":"Methodological Approaches to the Assessment of Scientific Activity of Russian Regions","authors":"O. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-51-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-51-65","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, one of the tasks of the state socio-economic policy in Russia is to increase the role of regional authorities in the scientific and technological development of regions. One of the tools for solving this problem should be the development of a national rating of scientific and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The Russian Academy of Sciences initiated the development of the index of scientific activity of the regions. This article suggests methodological approaches to the development of such an index, the main innovations of which should be an emphasis on the scientific development of regions (as opposed to the indices of innovative development), a separate assessment of the current level of development of science and its potential, an assessment of the scientific policy of regional authorities, an expanded range of indicators for training personnel for science, and starting from additional education of children. The possibilities of improving the indicators traditionally used to assess the scientific and technological development of regions are discussed, including in terms of more correct accounting of the activities of universities. It is proposed to develop a regional standard for scientific policy.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88975558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-23-50
M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva, N. I. Lykjanova
Constitutionalinnovationsrequiredrevisionofa large part of legislation, first of all, the“basic”federallawsofOctober6, 1999 No. 184-FZ “On general principles of organizationofLegislative(Representative)andExecutivestateauthoritiesoftheSub
{"title":"New Contours of Transformation of Public Power in the Russian Federation","authors":"M. V. Gligich-Zolotareva, N. I. Lykjanova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-23-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-23-50","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>C</jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>n</jats:italic><jats:italic>s</jats:italic><jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:italic>i</jats:italic><jats:italic>tut</jats:italic><jats:italic>io</jats:italic><jats:italic>na</jats:italic><jats:italic>l</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>inn</jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>va</jats:italic><jats:italic>tio</jats:italic><jats:italic>n</jats:italic><jats:italic>s</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>req</jats:italic><jats:italic>u</jats:italic><jats:italic>ire</jats:italic><jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>re</jats:italic><jats:italic>v</jats:italic><jats:italic>isio</jats:italic><jats:italic>n</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>f</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>a large part of legislation, first of all, the</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>“</jats:italic><jats:italic>ba</jats:italic><jats:italic>sic”</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>fe</jats:italic><jats:italic>d</jats:italic><jats:italic>er</jats:italic><jats:italic>a</jats:italic><jats:italic>l</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>l</jats:italic><jats:italic>aws</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>f</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>O</jats:italic><jats:italic>ctob</jats:italic><jats:italic>e</jats:italic><jats:italic>r</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>6</jats:italic><jats:italic>, 1999 No. 184-FZ “On general principles of organization</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>f</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>Le</jats:italic><jats:italic>gisl</jats:italic><jats:italic>at</jats:italic><jats:italic>i</jats:italic><jats:italic>ve</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>(R</jats:italic><jats:italic>eprese</jats:italic><jats:italic>n</jats:italic><jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:italic>a</jats:italic><jats:italic>ti</jats:italic><jats:italic>v</jats:italic><jats:italic>e</jats:italic><jats:italic>)</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>and</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>Exe</jats:italic><jats:italic>c</jats:italic><jats:italic>ut</jats:italic><jats:italic>i</jats:italic><jats:italic>ve</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>st</jats:italic><jats:italic>a</jats:italic><jats:italic>te</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>au</jats:italic><jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:italic>h</jats:italic><jats:italic>orities</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>o</jats:italic><jats:italic>f</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>t</jats:italic><jats:italic>h</jats:italic><jats:italic>e</jats:italic><jats:italic> </jats:italic><jats:italic>Sub</jats:italic><jats:","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88224287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-130-149
V. Minat
One of the key aspects that reveals the essence of the uneven distribution of social benefits in economically developed countries is the dynamics of spatial inequality that has been characteristic of the US healthcare sector for many decades. The results of an empirical study of this inequality as a dynamic process with the properties of historicism, carried out by decomposition of the Theil index according to the intragroup and intergroup characteristics of the corresponding groups of indicators, indicate an increase in the polarization of territories in terms of the provision of the population with medical benefits. Given the organizational and economic inconsistency in the health care of American citizens and the predominance of the spontaneous and commercial nature of free pricing in the relevant markets of American medical goods and services, the center-peripheral spatial structure of inequality in the development of US health care, traditional for capitalist reproduction, is confirmed.The objective nature of the long-term formation of such a structure is complemented by the subjective factor of state regional regulation of health care in the subregional and transregional sections, through the implementation of differently directed typologically relevant policies – from traditional and proactive to selective. It is shown that not only the economic situation, but also the socio-political and ideological expediency are the subjects that determine the tools for activating, polarizing, stimulating or restraining the development of healthcare in specific areas of the United States.
{"title":"Dynamics of Spatial Inequality in the Development of us Healthcare and State Regional Policy","authors":"V. Minat","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-130-149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-130-149","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key aspects that reveals the essence of the uneven distribution of social benefits in economically developed countries is the dynamics of spatial inequality that has been characteristic of the US healthcare sector for many decades. The results of an empirical study of this inequality as a dynamic process with the properties of historicism, carried out by decomposition of the Theil index according to the intragroup and intergroup characteristics of the corresponding groups of indicators, indicate an increase in the polarization of territories in terms of the provision of the population with medical benefits. Given the organizational and economic inconsistency in the health care of American citizens and the predominance of the spontaneous and commercial nature of free pricing in the relevant markets of American medical goods and services, the center-peripheral spatial structure of inequality in the development of US health care, traditional for capitalist reproduction, is confirmed.The objective nature of the long-term formation of such a structure is complemented by the subjective factor of state regional regulation of health care in the subregional and transregional sections, through the implementation of differently directed typologically relevant policies – from traditional and proactive to selective. It is shown that not only the economic situation, but also the socio-political and ideological expediency are the subjects that determine the tools for activating, polarizing, stimulating or restraining the development of healthcare in specific areas of the United States.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85774232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-113-129
I. S. Bukina
The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 had a negative impact on the state of the Russian economy and the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the budgetary system of the Russian Federation is sufficiently resilient to such external shocks. In 2020, borrowed funds from the domestic market were used to finance the budget deficit, partly from the Sovereign Fund, the amount of which, however, did not change by the beginning of 2021. Despite the spread of new strains of coronavirus infection and the relatively low level of vaccination in Russia, the recovery of the global economy and rising commodity prices contributed to a significant increase in consolidated budget revenues. At the same time, a policy of budget consolidation was pursued – those items of federal budget expenditures that unexpectedly increased in 2020 (primarily healthcare spending) were subject to reductions. The beginning of 2022 was marked by the emergence of new external shocks that significantly destabilize the economic and financial sphere of Russia. Now a certain level of budgetary stability has been achieved, which, among other things, will make it possible to solve new targets of the population and businesses support, but this is not enough in the medium term. Directions for operational measures of fiscal policy to restore the sustainability of public finances in the current environment are proposed.
{"title":"Global Trends and Effects of Fiscal Policy in 2021","authors":"I. S. Bukina","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-113-129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-113-129","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 had a negative impact on the state of the Russian economy and the consolidated budget of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the budgetary system of the Russian Federation is sufficiently resilient to such external shocks. In 2020, borrowed funds from the domestic market were used to finance the budget deficit, partly from the Sovereign Fund, the amount of which, however, did not change by the beginning of 2021. Despite the spread of new strains of coronavirus infection and the relatively low level of vaccination in Russia, the recovery of the global economy and rising commodity prices contributed to a significant increase in consolidated budget revenues. At the same time, a policy of budget consolidation was pursued – those items of federal budget expenditures that unexpectedly increased in 2020 (primarily healthcare spending) were subject to reductions. The beginning of 2022 was marked by the emergence of new external shocks that significantly destabilize the economic and financial sphere of Russia. Now a certain level of budgetary stability has been achieved, which, among other things, will make it possible to solve new targets of the population and businesses support, but this is not enough in the medium term. Directions for operational measures of fiscal policy to restore the sustainability of public finances in the current environment are proposed.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78338704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-5-22
L. Lykova
The year 2021 was quite favorable for the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The revival of economic activity in the regions and positive trends in the world commodity markets have led to an increase in tax and non-tax revenues of regional budgets. The most significant increase in revenues to the consolidated budgets of the RF subjects was provided due to the recovery of wholesale and retail trade. The growth of its own revenues allowed the federal budget to reduce the total amount of financial assistance to the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there was a pronounced increase in targeted types of support while reducing non-targeted ones. The volume of equalization subsidies in real terms has decreased. The shift in emphasis in financial support to targeted transfers has led to a pronounced trend towards an increase in the share of federal funds in the structure of expenditures on key sections of the consolidated budgets of the RF subjects within the framework of joint competence. The growth of expenditures of sub-federal budgets in 2021 significantly lagged behind the increase in revenue receipts, but was higher than the rate of inflation. Financing of housing and communal services, the national economy and education grew most dynamically. The result of the execution of consolidated budgets in 2021 was a surplus. At the same time, a number of RF subjects budgets were executed with a deficit. Some regions were forced to resort to deficit financing to maintain spending at the level of last year’s values. Although the total amount of state and municipal debt slightly decreased, there was an increase in debt in some regions.
{"title":"Results of 2021 for the Consolidated Budgets of the Subjects of the Russian Federation: Overcoming the Crisis or Changing the Model of Intergovernmental Relations?","authors":"L. Lykova","doi":"10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-5-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21686/2073-1051-2022-1-5-22","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2021 was quite favorable for the consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The revival of economic activity in the regions and positive trends in the world commodity markets have led to an increase in tax and non-tax revenues of regional budgets. The most significant increase in revenues to the consolidated budgets of the RF subjects was provided due to the recovery of wholesale and retail trade. The growth of its own revenues allowed the federal budget to reduce the total amount of financial assistance to the subjects of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there was a pronounced increase in targeted types of support while reducing non-targeted ones. The volume of equalization subsidies in real terms has decreased. The shift in emphasis in financial support to targeted transfers has led to a pronounced trend towards an increase in the share of federal funds in the structure of expenditures on key sections of the consolidated budgets of the RF subjects within the framework of joint competence. The growth of expenditures of sub-federal budgets in 2021 significantly lagged behind the increase in revenue receipts, but was higher than the rate of inflation. Financing of housing and communal services, the national economy and education grew most dynamically. The result of the execution of consolidated budgets in 2021 was a surplus. At the same time, a number of RF subjects budgets were executed with a deficit. Some regions were forced to resort to deficit financing to maintain spending at the level of last year’s values. Although the total amount of state and municipal debt slightly decreased, there was an increase in debt in some regions.","PeriodicalId":30952,"journal":{"name":"Perspectives on Federalism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86108267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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