Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295628
L. Ehrman, A. Lanterman
The goal of this research is to add automatic target recognition (ATR) capabilities to existing passive radar systems. We do so by comparing the radar cross section (RCS) of detected targets to the precomputed RCS of known targets in the target class. The precomputed RCS of the targets comprising the target class is modeled using a multi-step process involving programs such as the fast Illinois solver code (FISC). Advanced refractive effects prediction system (AREPS) and numerical electromagnetic code (NEC2). A Rician likelihood model compares the power profile of the detected target to the precomputed power profiles of the targets in the target class; this comparison results in target identification. Thus far, the results of simulations are encouraging, indicating that the algorithm correctly identifies aircraft with high probability at the anticipated noise level. Performance can be expected to decline as the noise power surpasses the maximum signal power.
{"title":"A robust algorithm for automatic target recognition using passive radar","authors":"L. Ehrman, A. Lanterman","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295628","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research is to add automatic target recognition (ATR) capabilities to existing passive radar systems. We do so by comparing the radar cross section (RCS) of detected targets to the precomputed RCS of known targets in the target class. The precomputed RCS of the targets comprising the target class is modeled using a multi-step process involving programs such as the fast Illinois solver code (FISC). Advanced refractive effects prediction system (AREPS) and numerical electromagnetic code (NEC2). A Rician likelihood model compares the power profile of the detected target to the precomputed power profiles of the targets in the target class; this comparison results in target identification. Thus far, the results of simulations are encouraging, indicating that the algorithm correctly identifies aircraft with high probability at the anticipated noise level. Performance can be expected to decline as the noise power surpasses the maximum signal power.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125196231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295630
Yuhong Zhang, A. Hajjari, L. Adzima, B. Himed
This paper deals with beam-based space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms for a low-earth-orbit (LEO) space-based radar (SBR). The performance of a subarray-based joint-domain-localized (JDL) algorithm is first examined for different parameters. Then, a combined beam-domain STAP algorithm approach that combines JDL with difference (/spl Delta/) beams is presented. It is shown that the combined JDL-/spl Delta/ algorithms offer less system complexity and provide performance similar to that of the JDL with higher degrees of freedom. It is also shown that the earth's rotation induces a crab angle, which makes the clutter range-Doppler spectrum range dependent. This paper shows that this crab angle severely degrades STAP performance.
{"title":"Application of beam domain STAP techniques to space-based radars","authors":"Yuhong Zhang, A. Hajjari, L. Adzima, B. Himed","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295630","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with beam-based space-time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithms for a low-earth-orbit (LEO) space-based radar (SBR). The performance of a subarray-based joint-domain-localized (JDL) algorithm is first examined for different parameters. Then, a combined beam-domain STAP algorithm approach that combines JDL with difference (/spl Delta/) beams is presented. It is shown that the combined JDL-/spl Delta/ algorithms offer less system complexity and provide performance similar to that of the JDL with higher degrees of freedom. It is also shown that the earth's rotation induces a crab angle, which makes the clutter range-Doppler spectrum range dependent. This paper shows that this crab angle severely degrades STAP performance.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127952630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295686
A. Ashrafi, Z. Pan, R. Adhami, B. E. Wells
In this paper a novel ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) is introduced. The phase-to-sine mapping section of this new scheme is designed based on approximation of the first half cycle of a cosine signal by a fourth order Chebyshev polynomial. The spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the proposed method is 64.2 dBc while the maximum achievable SFDR is theoretically obtained equal to 66.2 dBc. The proposed method is also implemented using the Xilinx Vertex-II FPGA and the experimental results exhibit the maximum clock frequency around 25 MHz.
{"title":"A novel ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer based on Chebyshev polynomial interpolation","authors":"A. Ashrafi, Z. Pan, R. Adhami, B. E. Wells","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295686","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a novel ROM-less direct digital frequency synthesizer (DDFS) is introduced. The phase-to-sine mapping section of this new scheme is designed based on approximation of the first half cycle of a cosine signal by a fourth order Chebyshev polynomial. The spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of the proposed method is 64.2 dBc while the maximum achievable SFDR is theoretically obtained equal to 66.2 dBc. The proposed method is also implemented using the Xilinx Vertex-II FPGA and the experimental results exhibit the maximum clock frequency around 25 MHz.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122108212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295616
A. Venugopal, G. Radman, M. Abdelrahman
An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based PSS is proposed in this paper. The controller is essentially divided into two sub-systems, a recursive least square identifier for the generator and an adaptive neuro fuzzy PSS to damp the oscillations. The PSS is coupled to a single machine in every area and the parameters of this PSS are tuned online in order to minimize a cost function. The cost function consists of a summation of terms, in which each term is made up of the square of the difference in speed between the machine to which the PSS is connected and another machine in that same area (the number of terms equal the number of machines in that area excluding the machine installed with a PSS). The PSS is trained to reduce the speed difference between machines in every area while helping to reduce inter area oscillations. The proposed technique is illustrated on a 2 area 4-machine 13 bus system. This ANFIS PSS showed satisfactory performance under severe faulting conditions, where a three-phase fault applied to a line, was cleared after a extended period of time. The conventional PSS and the ANFIS using the original cost function (consisting of just the square of the speed difference of the generator installed with the PSS) failed to perform under such conditions.
{"title":"An adaptive neuro fuzzy power system stabilizer for damping inter-area oscillations in power systems","authors":"A. Venugopal, G. Radman, M. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295616","url":null,"abstract":"An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based PSS is proposed in this paper. The controller is essentially divided into two sub-systems, a recursive least square identifier for the generator and an adaptive neuro fuzzy PSS to damp the oscillations. The PSS is coupled to a single machine in every area and the parameters of this PSS are tuned online in order to minimize a cost function. The cost function consists of a summation of terms, in which each term is made up of the square of the difference in speed between the machine to which the PSS is connected and another machine in that same area (the number of terms equal the number of machines in that area excluding the machine installed with a PSS). The PSS is trained to reduce the speed difference between machines in every area while helping to reduce inter area oscillations. The proposed technique is illustrated on a 2 area 4-machine 13 bus system. This ANFIS PSS showed satisfactory performance under severe faulting conditions, where a three-phase fault applied to a line, was cleared after a extended period of time. The conventional PSS and the ANFIS using the original cost function (consisting of just the square of the speed difference of the generator installed with the PSS) failed to perform under such conditions.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121616707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295637
T. Morton, K. Pasala
This paper extends a beam pattern synthesis algorithm based on the maximization of directivity subject to constraints on sidelobes, to a conformal array geometry. The expressions required for implementation of the algorithm are derived for an arbitrary set of elements and then evaluated for the specific case of an array of radiating slot elements on the surface of a right circular cone. The cone array geometry, chosen for its similarity to an aircraft or missile nosecone, is considered for several important performance parameters including scan volume, sidelobe control, and cross-polarization.
{"title":"Pattern synthesis and performance of conical arrays","authors":"T. Morton, K. Pasala","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295637","url":null,"abstract":"This paper extends a beam pattern synthesis algorithm based on the maximization of directivity subject to constraints on sidelobes, to a conformal array geometry. The expressions required for implementation of the algorithm are derived for an arbitrary set of elements and then evaluated for the specific case of an array of radiating slot elements on the surface of a right circular cone. The cone array geometry, chosen for its similarity to an aircraft or missile nosecone, is considered for several important performance parameters including scan volume, sidelobe control, and cross-polarization.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124143964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295708
S. Giles, D. Stachowiak, G. Adamovsky
A thin, hollow, monocone antenna above a ground plane was constructed and studied. The antenna was used to roughly model the convergent region of a rocket exhaust nozzle. The input impedances and currents on the aluminum antenna were measured. The monocone field expansions were found for the exterior and interior regions of the antenna. Mode matching was used to determine the coefficients of expansion with an edge condition applied to the rim of the antenna. After the approximate electric and magnetic fields were found, the associated time-averaged Poynting vector was produced and mapped.
{"title":"Electromagnetic fields in the hollow interior region of a monocone antenna","authors":"S. Giles, D. Stachowiak, G. Adamovsky","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295708","url":null,"abstract":"A thin, hollow, monocone antenna above a ground plane was constructed and studied. The antenna was used to roughly model the convergent region of a rocket exhaust nozzle. The input impedances and currents on the aluminum antenna were measured. The monocone field expansions were found for the exterior and interior regions of the antenna. Mode matching was used to determine the coefficients of expansion with an edge condition applied to the rim of the antenna. After the approximate electric and magnetic fields were found, the associated time-averaged Poynting vector was produced and mapped.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120987135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295721
A. Ilumoka, Y. Park
A neural network approach is presented for the modeling and re-design of high-Q on-chip spiral inductors. The approach involves the creation of neural network models to map 3D multi-level spiral inductor geometric and material characteristics to SPICE equivalent circuit parameters. The neural network replaces computationally expensive FEM-based extraction and field solution. The approach is especially attractive because it is capable of accurately and efficiently predicting important inductor characteristics such as self-inductance, Q-factor, self-resonant frequency and parasitic resistance and capacitance. It also offers substantial computational savings over field solution-evaluation of neural model required on average 2% of the cpu time required for field solution. The neural approach served not only as a basis for fast spiral inductor circuit extraction but also permits fast spiral layout design refinement from post-optimization inductor circuit-level parameters.
{"title":"Neural network-based modeling and design of on-chip spiral inductors","authors":"A. Ilumoka, Y. Park","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295721","url":null,"abstract":"A neural network approach is presented for the modeling and re-design of high-Q on-chip spiral inductors. The approach involves the creation of neural network models to map 3D multi-level spiral inductor geometric and material characteristics to SPICE equivalent circuit parameters. The neural network replaces computationally expensive FEM-based extraction and field solution. The approach is especially attractive because it is capable of accurately and efficiently predicting important inductor characteristics such as self-inductance, Q-factor, self-resonant frequency and parasitic resistance and capacitance. It also offers substantial computational savings over field solution-evaluation of neural model required on average 2% of the cpu time required for field solution. The neural approach served not only as a basis for fast spiral inductor circuit extraction but also permits fast spiral layout design refinement from post-optimization inductor circuit-level parameters.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133815918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295614
D. Bizup
Kalman filter trackers used for radar tracking typically model target accelerations as plant noises that are assumed to last for the entire sample interval. That assumption is so ubiquitous that it is rarely stated explicitly. In this paper we present a generalized model in which accelerations endure less than the sample interval, and derive a new formula for plant noise covariance that is a function of the interval length and the acceleration's endurance and start time. We explore the limiting behavior of this formula as acceleration endurance vanishes, and also show that position and velocity gains can be traded off by simply moving the acceleration earlier or later in the sample interval.
{"title":"A generalized acceleration model for Kalman filter trackers","authors":"D. Bizup","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295614","url":null,"abstract":"Kalman filter trackers used for radar tracking typically model target accelerations as plant noises that are assumed to last for the entire sample interval. That assumption is so ubiquitous that it is rarely stated explicitly. In this paper we present a generalized model in which accelerations endure less than the sample interval, and derive a new formula for plant noise covariance that is a function of the interval length and the acceleration's endurance and start time. We explore the limiting behavior of this formula as acceleration endurance vanishes, and also show that position and velocity gains can be traded off by simply moving the acceleration earlier or later in the sample interval.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125737738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295643
A. Sharaf, A.R.N.M. Reaz
This paper presents a novel error driven online search and tracking controller for maximum PV-solar energy utilization for a low cost cottage electric energy scheme. It proposes a maximum photovoltaic solar energy tracking and efficient energy/power utilization control scheme to cope with changing resistive loads and motor torque variations. The proposed controller requires only the online value of the PV array output voltage and current that can be easily measured with voltage and current transducer. Satisfactory results are obtained with the proposed dynamic tracking controller for resistive load as well as for a permanent magnet DC motor. In this paper the novel dynamic search controller was developed by the first author and is based on dynamic voltage or current error-signals activating a proportional plus integral (PI) controller. For resistive type load the tri loop based PV power, voltage and current tracking controller. This is adequate in ensuring maximum power tracking but for a motorized load driving a blower/fan/pump type mechanical load, the speed dynamic error is also used as input instead of the photovoltaic voltage dynamic error. The proposed stand-alone scheme is a suitable for low cost cottage electricity renewable energy scheme and can be implemented by a low cost PIC 16 micro controller for economic sizes (150 watts-1500 watts).
{"title":"A low cost stand alone photovoltaic scheme for motorized hybrid loads","authors":"A. Sharaf, A.R.N.M. Reaz","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295643","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel error driven online search and tracking controller for maximum PV-solar energy utilization for a low cost cottage electric energy scheme. It proposes a maximum photovoltaic solar energy tracking and efficient energy/power utilization control scheme to cope with changing resistive loads and motor torque variations. The proposed controller requires only the online value of the PV array output voltage and current that can be easily measured with voltage and current transducer. Satisfactory results are obtained with the proposed dynamic tracking controller for resistive load as well as for a permanent magnet DC motor. In this paper the novel dynamic search controller was developed by the first author and is based on dynamic voltage or current error-signals activating a proportional plus integral (PI) controller. For resistive type load the tri loop based PV power, voltage and current tracking controller. This is adequate in ensuring maximum power tracking but for a motorized load driving a blower/fan/pump type mechanical load, the speed dynamic error is also used as input instead of the photovoltaic voltage dynamic error. The proposed stand-alone scheme is a suitable for low cost cottage electricity renewable energy scheme and can be implemented by a low cost PIC 16 micro controller for economic sizes (150 watts-1500 watts).","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132052257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2004-09-27DOI: 10.1109/SSST.2004.1295655
J. Esposito
We are developing a randomized approach to test generation for hybrid systems, and control systems in general, using techniques from robotic path planning which have proved successful in solving high dimensional nonlinear problems. A critical component of the proposed algorithm is the choice of "metric" - how one decides the closeness of two states - which is nontrivial in the hybrid state space. In this paper we introduce four metrics for hybrid systems; and benchmark the algorithm using each of these metrics on a popular example problem from the literature and compare the impact of metric choice on computational efficiency.
{"title":"Randomized test case generation for hybrid systems: metric selection","authors":"J. Esposito","doi":"10.1109/SSST.2004.1295655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SSST.2004.1295655","url":null,"abstract":"We are developing a randomized approach to test generation for hybrid systems, and control systems in general, using techniques from robotic path planning which have proved successful in solving high dimensional nonlinear problems. A critical component of the proposed algorithm is the choice of \"metric\" - how one decides the closeness of two states - which is nontrivial in the hybrid state space. In this paper we introduce four metrics for hybrid systems; and benchmark the algorithm using each of these metrics on a popular example problem from the literature and compare the impact of metric choice on computational efficiency.","PeriodicalId":309617,"journal":{"name":"Thirty-Sixth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory, 2004. Proceedings of the","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133570576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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