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Left ventricular myocardial remodeling in playing sports athletes 运动运动员左心室心肌重构的研究
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.11
E. V. Bryntseva
The article presents the results of an echocardiographic study of 64 male playing sports athletes (basketball and football). The results of the study showed that up to the age of 19 in playing sports athletes, only normal geometry of the left ventricle is observed. With age and, accordingly, with an increase in the experience of playing sports, the number of eccentric and concentric remodeling and eccentric and concentric myocardial hypertrophy increases statistically. The percentage of concentric myocardial hypertrophy (pathological remodeling) was 6.5 %, 12.5 % and 7.7 % in the groups 19–25 years old, 26–30 years old and 31 and older, respectively, which must be taken into account when taking measures to prevent overtraining and sudden cardiac death in sports.
本文介绍了64名男子运动运动员(篮球和足球)的超声心动图研究结果。研究结果表明,在19岁以前从事体育运动的运动员中,只观察到正常的左心室几何形状。随着年龄的增长和运动经验的增加,偏心同心重构和偏心同心心肌肥大的数量有统计学意义的增加。19-25岁组、26-30岁组和31岁及以上组的同心心肌肥大(病理性重构)比例分别为6.5%、12.5%和7.7%,在采取预防运动过度训练和心源性猝死的措施时必须加以考虑。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of doctors’ appeals on the issues of countering doping in sports 反运动兴奋剂问题医生申诉分析
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.7
A. A. Derevoedov, A. Zholinsky, V. Feshchenko, I. E. Vysotskiy, I. Vykhodets, A. Pavlova
Objective: the main topics of the doctors’ questions were the preparation of medical documents for a TUE application, the determination of the anti­doping status of various substances and methods, as well as the use of dietary supplements in sports.Materials and methods: an analysis was carried out of more than 400 appeals of doctors providing medical assistance to athletes of various levels on the issues of countering doping in sports. The aim of the work was to identify ways to improve educational and informational activities aimed at improving the quality of medical documents for TUE applications.Results: the need for continuous work to improve the level of doctors’ knowledge in countering doping in sports was confirmed, including clarification of the procedure for using documents from anti­doping organizations, the need to use TUE guidelines for physicians and the specifics of prescribing substances prohibited only during the competitive period.
目的:医生问题的主要主题是为申请TUE准备医疗文件,确定各种物质和方法的反兴奋剂状况,以及在运动中使用膳食补充剂。材料和方法:对向各级运动员提供医疗援助的医生就反对在体育运动中使用兴奋剂问题提出的400多份申诉进行了分析。这项工作的目的是确定改进教育和信息活动的方法,旨在提高医疗文件的质量,以供高等教育应用。结果:确认需要继续努力提高医生在反兴奋剂方面的知识水平,包括澄清使用反兴奋剂组织文件的程序,医生需要使用TUE指南,以及仅在比赛期间禁用的处方物质的具体情况。
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引用次数: 1
On the use of glutamine-containing specialty foods in sports 含谷氨酰胺的特色食品在运动中的应用
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.8
A. Slivin, P. V. Efimov, A. V. Zorenko, M. V. Kupeev, T. Yashin, M. Yadgarov, S. Bazanovich, N. Philippova, S. Parastaev
Glutamine (GLN) and glutamic acid (GLA) are involved in many metabolic processes, from nucleotide synthesis to nerve impulse conduction; GLN is also an energy substrate for immunocompetent cells, making it an important link in the immune response. In stressful situations, which include significant physical activity, plasma levels of GLN and GLA decrease as a result of the amino acid being actively consumed in many biochemical reactions. GLN deficiency can lead to a number of negative manifestations in athletes and adversely affect athletic performance. The purpose of this work was to study the effects of glutamine deficiency and the possible replenishment of the deficiency by the consumption of exogenous forms of the substance when using glutamine-containing products; special attention was paid to the study of transient decrease in immune function as a relevant factor that impairs the mode of sports training.
谷氨酰胺(GLN)和谷氨酸(GLA)参与许多代谢过程,从核苷酸合成到神经冲动传导;GLN也是免疫活性细胞的能量底物,是免疫应答的重要环节。在紧张的情况下,包括大量的身体活动,血浆中GLN和GLA的水平下降,因为氨基酸在许多生化反应中被积极消耗。GLN缺乏可导致运动员出现许多负面表现,并对运动成绩产生不利影响。这项工作的目的是研究谷氨酰胺缺乏症的影响,以及在使用含谷氨酰胺的产品时,通过摄入外源形式的物质来补充缺乏症的可能性;特别关注了免疫功能的短暂性下降作为影响运动训练模式的相关因素的研究。
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引用次数: 0
Role of antioxidant protection system in development of detachment in athletes 抗氧化保护系统在运动员脱离发展中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.9
A. Elikov, M. Korosteleva
Objective: to study the main indicators of free radical oxidation and antioxidant protection in the blood plasma of former athletes, depending on the period of cessation of sports.Materials and methods: 24 former male athletes aged 19‒29 years were examined, who were divided into 2 groups of 12 people each (1st group — former athletes who stopped training for up to 2 years; 2nd — over 2 years). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy untrained student volunteers of the same age. To study the state of free radical oxidation, we used the determination of the content of active products of thiobarbituric acid by reaction with thiobarbituric acid, spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 535 nm. Determination of diene conjugates was carried out in the heptane phase after preliminary extraction with a heptane-isopropanol mixture at a wavelength of 233 nm.Results: the direction of the shifts in the state of the oxidative balance was established depending on the period of detraining. The concentration of malondialdehyde in former athletes of the 1st group increased by 38.6 %. In the study of the content of diene conjugates, the staging of changes in the studied indicator was established with the maximum values in the former athletes of the 1st group and lower in the 2nd, exceeding the value of this indicator in the control group by 8.0 %.Conclusions: the obtained data can be recommended for monitoring the state of athletes who stopped playing sports and taken into account when prescribing rehabilitation measures for the corresponding contingent.
目的:研究退役运动员血浆中自由基氧化和抗氧化保护的主要指标在不同运动停止期的变化。材料与方法:选取24名年龄在19-29岁的退役男性运动员为研究对象,将其分为2组,每组12人(第一组为停止训练2年以上的退役运动员;第二次-超过2年)。对照组由15名几乎健康、未经训练的同龄学生志愿者组成。为了研究自由基的氧化状态,我们采用了硫代巴比妥酸与硫代巴比妥酸反应的活性产物含量的测定,波长为535 nm。用庚烷-异丙醇混合物在233 nm波长下初步提取,在庚烷相中测定二烯缀合物。结果:确定了氧化平衡状态随去训练时间变化的方向。第一组退役运动员丙二醛浓度升高38.6%。在对二烯缀合物含量的研究中,建立了所研究指标变化的分期,第一组退役运动员最高,第二组较低,比对照组该指标高出8.0%。结论:所得数据可推荐用于监测停止运动的运动员的状态,并在为相应队伍制定康复措施时予以考虑。
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引用次数: 0
The problem of the course reception of sympatomimetics from the group of aliphatic amines safety (geranamine, octodrine, AMP citrate) 脂族胺类(香叶胺、八角胺、柠檬酸AMP)共感类药物在接受过程中的安全性问题
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.7
O. Yakovlev, M. Vakhviyaynen, M. A. Judin, A. Anokhin, A. Konovalov
Sport nutrition used to reduce weight or improve performance may contain psychostimulant aliphatic amines. The most common of them are DMAA, octodrine and AMP citrate. There are no toxicometric data for above compounds, which prevents their preclinical and clinical study and the formation of optimal dosing regimens or algorithms for overdose therapy. We determined that all of the above drugs have a low degree of cumulation of <20%. Based on the properties of this class of drug, the course should not exceed 7 days in order to avoid complications and the development of addiction.
用于减肥或提高成绩的运动营养可能含有精神兴奋剂脂肪胺。其中最常见的是DMAA,八磷酸腺苷和柠檬酸腺苷。上述化合物没有毒理学数据,这阻碍了它们的临床前和临床研究,也阻碍了过量治疗的最佳给药方案或算法的形成。我们确定上述药物均具有<20%的低累积度。根据这类药物的性质,疗程不应超过7天,以避免并发症和成瘾的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Special approach to the analysis and evaluation of the composition of red blood in athletes (on the example of rowing and canoeing) 运动员红细胞成分分析与评价的特殊方法(以赛艇和皮划艇为例)
Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.10
Zh. V. Grishina, G. Makarova, S. M. Chernuha, V. Feshchenko, A. Zholinsky
The results of the analysis of red blood parameters in professional rowers showed that they have different mechanisms for the development of pre- and anemic conditions. This makes it necessary in each specific case to determine the prevailing of them, which requires an expansion of the set of recorded parameters.
对专业赛艇运动员红细胞参数的分析结果表明,他们有不同的机制发展前期和贫血条件。这使得有必要在每个具体情况下确定它们的普遍情况,这需要扩大记录的参数集。
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引用次数: 0
Acquired long QT interval in athletes 运动员获得性长QT间期
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.3
A. S. Yunisova, A. Smolensky
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a common disorder that leads to dramatic patient outcomes, chief among which is sudden cardiac death. This review provides detailed data on the diagnosis, prevalence, classification, etiology. The variety of causes leading to LQTS creates difficulties in the differential diagnosis of this condition and, as a result, LQTS often remains outside the attention of physicians who monitor the health of athletes. Particular attention is paid to the acquired forms of LQTS, particularly, the drug-induced form. The results of studies aimed at studying the prevalence of LQTS and the effect of drugs on the QT interval are presented. The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the QT interval is discussed in detail because they are often used by athletes. The purpose of this review is to expand understanding of the etiology of LQTS and justify the need for careful ECG screening and pharmacological monitoring in athletes.
长QT综合征(LQTS)是一种常见的疾病,可导致戏剧性的患者结局,其中主要是心源性猝死。本文综述了该病的诊断、流行、分类、病因等方面的详细资料。导致LQTS的各种原因给该病的鉴别诊断带来了困难,因此,监测运动员健康的医生往往不关注LQTS。特别注意的是获得形式的LQTS,特别是药物诱导形式。本文介绍了LQTS患病率及药物对QT间期影响的研究结果。非甾体类抗炎药对QT间期的影响被详细讨论,因为它们经常被运动员使用。本综述的目的是扩大对LQTS病因的理解,并证明对运动员进行仔细心电图筛查和药理学监测的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of normobaric hypoxia on the dynamics of biochemical indicators during the performance of mind work 常压缺氧对脑力劳动过程中生化指标动态的影响
Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2021.4.5
R. Tambovtseva, D. Sechin
The aim was to study the effect of normobaric hypoxia on biochemical parameters to assess homeostatic changes caused by mental work.Materials and methods: 90 highly qualified athletes of various specializations took part in the scientific observation. Athletes performed psychophysiological tests to determine mental performance under normal conditions and under the influence of normobaric hypoxia.Results: the concentrations of lactate (La), glucose (Glu), cholesterol (Chol), and triglycerides (Trigl) in the blood were measured four times at different stages.Conclusions: it was shown that athletes after staying in NH conditions significantly increased the La, Glu, Chol and Trigl indices, which indicates the mobilization of energy resources and an increase in anaerobic processes in response to NH exposure. Re-performance of mental work after exposure to NH was associated with a marked decrease in the concentration of Glu, Chol, and Trigl, along with a slight increase in the concentration of La after normobaric hypoxic exposure, there are significant changes in the bioenergetic profile in athletes.
目的是研究常压缺氧对生化参数的影响,以评估脑力劳动引起的体内平衡变化。材料与方法:90名各专业的高素质运动员参加了科学观察。运动员进行心理生理测试,以确定在正常条件下和在常压缺氧影响下的心理表现。结果:测定了不同阶段四次血乳酸(La)、葡萄糖(Glu)、胆固醇(Chol)、甘油三酯(Trigl)的浓度。结论:研究表明,运动员在NH条件下停留后,La、Glu、Chol和Trigl指数显著增加,这表明在NH暴露下,能量资源的动员和厌氧过程的增加。暴露于NH后再进行脑力劳动与Glu、Chol和Trigl浓度的显著降低有关,同时暴露于常压低氧后La浓度略有增加,运动员的生物能量谱发生了显著变化。
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引用次数: 0
Lateral epicondylitis: tendinitis or tendinosis? 外上髁炎:肌腱炎还是肌腱病?
Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.9
A. Samoylov, M. Ivanov, N. R. Zhestyankin
Lateral epicondylitis is a common pathology of the musculoskeletal system resulting from repeated microtrauma of the extensor muscles of the forearm and their tendons. Lateral epicondylitis was previously thought to be tendinitis, which is an inflammatory reaction in the tendon. However, histopathologically, it has been shown to be low in inflammatory elements: macrophages and neutrophils. Thus, it is now believed that this pathology is a tendinosis, which is defined as a degenerative rather than an inflammatory process.
外上髁炎是由前臂伸肌及其肌腱的反复微损伤引起的肌肉骨骼系统的常见病理。外上髁炎以前被认为是肌腱炎,这是肌腱的炎症反应。然而,在组织病理学上,它已被证明是低炎症元素:巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞。因此,现在认为这种病理是一种肌腱病,它被定义为一种退行性过程而不是炎症过程。
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引用次数: 0
Prevention of traumatic brain injury complications in sports 运动中创伤性脑损伤并发症的预防
Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.3
A. Smolenskiy, O. Shevelev, M. Petrova, M. Yuryev, E. Sheveleva, A. V. Tarasov, A. Miroshnikov
The aim of the review is to inform doctors and trainers of sports teams about technologies that prevent complications of sport brain injuries (SBI). Low levels of visibility of clinical manifestations, specific characteristics of individual reactions to injury, anti-aggravation behavior among sportsmen, absence of unbiased methods of diagnostics of SBI are the main reasons behind underestimation of the severity of trauma. Treatment and rehabilitation procedures of mild SBI do not currently consider specific characteristics of trauma, associated with the increase in body and brain temperature and reduced cerebral perfusion during the traumatizing intervention. Injury of the brain causes an increase in cerebral temperature, which, in turn, can aggravate the consequences of traumatization. The control of the temperature of the brain can be achieved with non-invasive method of microwave radiometry, while the technology of craniocerebral hypothermia (CCH), which has evident neuroprotective properties, can aid in the prevention of complications of SBI.
该综述的目的是告知医生和运动队的培训人员有关预防运动性脑损伤并发症的技术。临床表现不明显、个体损伤反应的特异性、运动员的抗加重行为、缺乏公正的SBI诊断方法是低估创伤严重程度的主要原因。目前,轻度SBI的治疗和康复程序没有考虑创伤的具体特征,这些特征与创伤干预期间身体和大脑温度升高以及脑灌注减少有关。大脑受伤会导致大脑温度升高,这反过来又会加重创伤的后果。通过无创微波辐射测量可以实现对大脑温度的控制,而具有明显神经保护特性的颅脑低温(CCH)技术可以帮助预防SBI的并发症。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Sports medicine: research and practice
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