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Practical guidelines for standardising the measurement of resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry: a literature review 间接量热法测量静息代谢标准化的实用指南:文献综述
Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.11
A. G. Antonov, V. Vybornov, M. Balandin, P. D. Rybakova, V. Badtieva, D. Nikityuk, Ye. A. Rozhkova
Accurate resting metabolic rate readings are essential for dietary planning and body composition monitoring not only for healthy individuals but also for athletes. A number of factors can alter resting metabolic rate during its measurement by indirect calorimetry. The methodology used may affect the results of the study. A clear standardisation of this procedure is needed to obtain the most accurate results.Purpose: To review the literature to determine the optimal subject condition and methodology for the resting metabolism measurement procedure using indirect calorimetry.Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases. The query included key words and logical phrases: “calorimetry”, “indirect calorimetry”, “resting metabolic rate”, “energy metabolism”, “basal metabolism”, “standards”. Only English-language studies and human studies were considered. Additional information was identified because of the review and included in the review.Results: the parameters of standardization during the resting metabolism measurement procedure are described: consumption of food, ethanol, caffeine, nicotine; daily activities and physical activity; body position in space and environmental conditions during the measurement; actions of the specialist performing the procedure, etc. The article outlines effective methods for measuring resting metabolism to obtain the most accurate results in both healthy individuals and athletes.Conclusion: an attempt has been made to formulate precise methodological rules for standardisation and recommendations for measuring resting metabolism by indirect calorimetry.
准确的静息代谢率读数对饮食计划和身体成分监测至关重要,不仅对健康人,对运动员也是如此。在间接量热法测量静息代谢率时,许多因素可以改变静息代谢率。使用的方法可能会影响研究的结果。为了获得最准确的结果,需要对该程序进行明确的标准化。目的:回顾文献,确定间接量热法测定静息代谢的最佳实验条件和方法。材料和方法:在PubMed、MEDLINE和Cochrane图书馆数据库中进行文献检索。查询包括关键词和逻辑短语:“量热法”、“间接量热法”、“静息代谢率”、“能量代谢”、“基础代谢”、“标准”。只考虑了英语研究和人类研究。由于审查而确定了其他信息,并将其包含在审查中。结果:描述了静息代谢测量过程中的标准化参数:食物消耗量、乙醇消耗量、咖啡因消耗量、尼古丁消耗量;日常活动和身体活动;测量时人体在空间中的位置和环境条件;专家执行程序的动作等。本文概述了测量静息代谢的有效方法,以获得健康个体和运动员最准确的结果。结论:本文试图为间接量热法测量静息代谢制定精确的标准化方法规则和建议。
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引用次数: 0
The respiratory exercise significance in the olfaction restoration in the postcovid period 呼吸运动在新冠肺炎后患者嗅觉恢复中的意义
Pub Date : 2022-11-03 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.3.1
V. Nikolenko, M. Sankova, M. V. Zoller, M. Oganesyan, V. Zilov, D. A. Garkavy, A. E. Strizhkov
One of the pathognomonic COVID‑19 signs, occurring in 85‑98% of patients, is olfactory dysfunction, developing in the absence of pronounced inflammation and edema of the nasal mucosa. A promising medicine direction that helps restore microcirculation, increase blood oxygenation, improve metabolism and regenerate olfactory epithelial cells is the Nadi Shodhana breathing exercise technique.Objective: To assess the possibilities of using the pranayama technique as a method of restorative olfactory treatment in the post‑covid period.Materials and methods: 79 persons aged 22 to 68 years with olfactory disturbances occurring at COVID‑19 and persisting in the post‑covid period were examined. As a restorative treatment for olfactory disorders, the patients of the main group were offered a course of Nadi Shodhana breathing exercises, which is an alternate nostril breathing. Breathing training consisted of three such cycles performed three times a day at the same time for 15 days. The possibility of using the pranayama technique was assessed according to the visual analog scale. The control group consisted of 74 patients with olfactory disorders after COVID‑19 comparable in sex and age with the main group.Results: Olfactory disorders are characteristic of post‑COVID patients. Using Nadi Shodhana breathing exercise course can significantly reduce the olfactory dysfunction level in this patient category. It was showen that the pranayama technique is more effective in people under 40 years of age. It was also established that the olfaction restoration largely depends on the duration of the dysfunction period.Conclusion: The study results make it possible to recommend the using breathing exercises in patients underwent COVID‑19 to restore olfaction in the post‑COVID period.
在85% - 98%的患者中出现的典型COVID - 19症状之一是嗅觉功能障碍,在没有明显炎症和鼻黏膜水肿的情况下发生。Nadi Shodhana呼吸练习技术是一个很有前途的医学方向,它有助于恢复微循环,增加血液氧合,改善新陈代谢和再生嗅觉上皮细胞。目的:探讨调息技术作为新冠肺炎后恢复性嗅觉治疗方法的可行性。材料和方法:对79名年龄在22岁至68岁之间,在COVID - 19期间出现并在COVID - 19后持续存在嗅觉障碍的患者进行了检查。作为嗅觉障碍的恢复性治疗,主组患者接受了一个疗程的Nadi Shodhana呼吸练习,这是一种鼻孔交替呼吸。呼吸训练包括三个这样的循环,每天三次,同时进行,持续15天。采用调息法的可能性根据视觉模拟量表进行评估。对照组由74名在性别和年龄上与主要组相当的COVID - 19后嗅觉障碍患者组成。结果:嗅觉障碍是新冠肺炎患者的特征。使用Nadi Shodhana呼吸练习课程可以显著降低这类患者的嗅觉功能障碍水平。研究表明调息法对40岁以下的人更有效。嗅觉恢复在很大程度上取决于功能障碍期的持续时间。结论:本研究结果为推荐COVID - 19患者在COVID - 19后使用呼吸练习恢复嗅觉提供了可能。
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引用次数: 0
Avascular osteonecrosis in a young patient with a novel coronavirus infection 新型冠状病毒感染的年轻患者无血管性骨坏死
Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.3
T. Kirsanova, A. Meshkov, T. M. Manevich, M. Lysenko
COVID‑19 continues demonstrating possible complications after recovery. One of these complications is avascular osteonecrosis, which can lead to bone destruction and patient disability. Cases of the development of osteonecrosis associated with coronavirus infection were widely reported during and after the SARS epidemic in 2003. They also appear to be common in COVID‑19 infection. All patients who have recovered from COVID‑19 infection, especially who received glucocorticoids, are threaten of osteonecrosis development.We describe a case of bone necrosis in a healthy young woman without additional risk factors with a mild course of COVID, who received a short course of glucocorticoids.This is the first described case of COVID‑induced osteonecrosis in our country, although due to the large‑scale use of glucocorticoids, there are probably more such cases. Early diagnosis is important to prevent disease progression. Therefore, clinical alertness is necessary in all patients with COVID‑19.
COVID - 19继续显示出康复后可能出现的并发症。其中一种并发症是无血管性骨坏死,可导致骨破坏和患者残疾。在2003年SARS流行期间和之后,与冠状病毒感染相关的骨坏死病例被广泛报道。它们在COVID - 19感染中似乎也很常见。所有从COVID - 19感染中康复的患者,特别是接受糖皮质激素治疗的患者,都有发生骨坏死的威胁。我们描述了一例无其他危险因素的健康年轻女性骨坏死病例,她患有轻度COVID,接受了短期糖皮质激素治疗。这是我国首次报道的新冠肺炎所致骨坏死病例,但由于糖皮质激素的大量使用,这类病例可能更多。早期诊断对预防疾病进展非常重要。因此,所有COVID - 19患者都必须保持临床警惕。
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引用次数: 0
Features of compiling metabolic correction programs for professional athletes and the possibility of their optimization using digital technologies 为专业运动员编制代谢校正程序的特点及利用数字技术优化程序的可能性
Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.8
T. Yashin, Zh. V. Grishina, A. I. Kadykova, V. Feshchenko, A. Zholinsky, T. A. Pushkina
To compile a personalized program for correcting the metabolism of a professional athlete, it is necessary to take into account many factors, including age, gender, sports specialization, individual characteristics, the pathologies in the anamnesis, the stage of the athlete’s training cycle, etc. When drawing up such programs for athletes of sports national teams of the Russian Federation, a scheme for assessing the characteristics of the athlete’s body is used, the basis for which is information obtained during in-depth medical examinations of athletes conducted on the basis of clinics of the FMBA Russia. To improve the quality of personalized programs of metabolic correction in the future, it is possible to use professionally oriented reference intervals of laboratory blood parameters, as well as the results of genetic screening based on the strategy of complete exomic sequencing of the athlete’s genome. One of the ways to increase the efficiency of metabolic correction of professional athletes is the introduction of modern information technologies and the development of a modern information system based on them. The introduction of such an information system will increase the speed of primary processing of initial information about the health status of the athlete and the peculiarities of his metabolic processes, as well as partially automate the formation of individualized recommendations regarding the diet and hydratation, and the choice of metabolic correction at various stages of the sports season.
要编制一套个性化的职业运动员代谢纠正方案,需要考虑到年龄、性别、运动专业、个体特点、健体病理、运动员训练周期所处阶段等诸多因素。在为俄罗斯联邦体育国家队运动员制定此类方案时,采用了一项评估运动员身体特征的计划,该计划的依据是在俄罗斯联邦体育管理局诊所对运动员进行深入体检时获得的信息。为了提高未来个性化代谢校正方案的质量,可以使用专业导向的实验室血液参数参考区间,以及基于运动员基因组全外显子组测序策略的遗传筛选结果。提高职业运动员代谢矫正效率的途径之一是引入现代信息技术并开发基于现代信息技术的现代信息系统。这种信息系统的引入将提高对运动员健康状况及其代谢过程特点的初始信息的初级处理速度,并在一定程度上自动形成有关饮食和补水的个性化建议,以及在运动季节的各个阶段选择代谢纠正。
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引用次数: 0
Vaccination as an immune system status optimization tool for the high-performance sports: review 疫苗接种作为高性能运动免疫系统状态优化工具:综述
Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.6
I. V. Konovalov, A. Zholinsky, S. Alpatov, A. V. Zorenko, N. V. Tochtieva, B. Romanov, S. Parastaev
Objective: consideration of the importance of vaccination as a preventive measure of support the athlets immunne system in conditions of extreme physical exertion and increased epidemic risks.Materials and methods: analysis of local and foreign dates of immunocorrection and vaccination problems.Results: the presented review provides an integral assessment of the transitory immunosuppression, developing by the intensive training and competitive activities — exercise-induced immunosuppression. These dates described as an “open window” syndrome and characterized by an increased risk of viral and/or bacterial infection with predominant damage of the upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract. Widespread immunoprophylaxis provides an effective and relatively safe method of infectious control at risk groups including athletes.Conclusion: Vaccines of National Immunization Schedule and Epidemiological Immunization Schedule provide complex impact to the athletes immune status in wide variety of physical and psychological stresses. Vaccination increases the ability of specific and nonspecific resistance to infections that provide significant prevention of the “open window” syndrome.
目的:探讨在极端体力消耗和流行病风险增加的情况下,接种疫苗作为一种支持运动员免疫系统的预防措施的重要性。材料与方法:分析国内外有关免疫矫正和预防接种问题的资料。结果:本文综述了由高强度训练和竞争性活动引起的暂时性免疫抑制-运动诱导的免疫抑制的整体评价。这些日期被描述为“开窗”综合征,其特征是病毒和/或细菌感染的风险增加,主要是上呼吸道和胃肠道的损害。广泛的免疫预防为包括运动员在内的危险人群提供了一种有效和相对安全的感染控制方法。结论:《国家免疫计划》和《流行病学免疫计划》疫苗对运动员在多种生理和心理应激下的免疫状态有复杂的影响。接种疫苗可增强对感染的特异性和非特异性抵抗能力,从而显著预防“开窗”综合征。
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引用次数: 0
Heart rate variability during speed-strength load of athletes after hypoventilation training 低通气训练后运动员速度-力量负荷期间的心率变异性
Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.5
Yuriy Vaguine, S. Klassina, N. A. Fudin
Objective: to study the variability of the heart rate of athletes during hypoventilation training, which provides an increase in the result of speed-strength load.Materials and methods: Athletes performed speed-strength load with their hands on a training apparatus against the background of maximum voluntary breath holding before and after hypoventilation training. The duration of breath holding, the number of power movements, parameters of heart rate variability and electromyography were measured.Results: After hypoventilation training of athletes at rest, parasympathetic influences on the heart rate increased, which led to an increase in the total power of the heart rate spectrum from 3201 ± 520 to 4047 ± 585 ms2, the power of the low frequency of the heart rate spectrum from 1458 ± 216 to 2055 ± 392 ms2 and the standard deviation of the duration of adjacent cardiac cycles from 45 ± 5 to 52 ± 4 ms. Sympathetic influences increased during exercise against the background of maximum voluntary breath holding. The longer maximum voluntary breath holding was, the more power movements the athletes performed.Conclusion: Hypoventilation training changed the vagosympathetic balance of the athletes’ body, increasing their performance and hypoxic resistance.
目的:研究低通气训练中运动员心率的变异性,提供速度-力量负荷增加的结果。材料和方法:运动员在低通气训练前后以最大自主屏气为背景,用手在训练器械上进行速度-力量负荷。测定屏气时间、动力动作次数、心率变异性参数及肌电图。结果:肺换气不足训练的运动员在休息之后,副交感神经对心率的影响增加,导致增加心率的总功率谱从3201±520 - 4047±585一份,低频率的力量的心率范围从1458±216 - 2055±392一份和标准差的邻近心脏周期的持续时间从45±5 52±4 ms。在最大自主屏气的背景下,运动时交感神经影响增加。最大自主屏气时间越长,运动员的力量动作就越多。结论:低通气训练改变了运动员身体的迷走交感神经平衡,提高了运动员的运动成绩和抗缺氧能力。
{"title":"Heart rate variability during speed-strength load of athletes after hypoventilation training","authors":"Yuriy Vaguine, S. Klassina, N. A. Fudin","doi":"10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to study the variability of the heart rate of athletes during hypoventilation training, which provides an increase in the result of speed-strength load.Materials and methods: Athletes performed speed-strength load with their hands on a training apparatus against the background of maximum voluntary breath holding before and after hypoventilation training. The duration of breath holding, the number of power movements, parameters of heart rate variability and electromyography were measured.Results: After hypoventilation training of athletes at rest, parasympathetic influences on the heart rate increased, which led to an increase in the total power of the heart rate spectrum from 3201 ± 520 to 4047 ± 585 ms2, the power of the low frequency of the heart rate spectrum from 1458 ± 216 to 2055 ± 392 ms2 and the standard deviation of the duration of adjacent cardiac cycles from 45 ± 5 to 52 ± 4 ms. Sympathetic influences increased during exercise against the background of maximum voluntary breath holding. The longer maximum voluntary breath holding was, the more power movements the athletes performed.Conclusion: Hypoventilation training changed the vagosympathetic balance of the athletes’ body, increasing their performance and hypoxic resistance.","PeriodicalId":309619,"journal":{"name":"Sports medicine: research and practice","volume":"120 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128486830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of indicators of goniometry of the ankle joint in the complex rehabilitation of athletes with peroneal tendinopathy 腓骨肌腱病变运动员复杂康复中踝关节角度测量指标的评价
Pub Date : 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.4
A. D. Repetyuk, E. Achkasov, A. Sereda, N. R. Zhestyankin
The study reflects the results of comprehensive rehabilitation of professional athletes with fibular tendinopathy. The effectiveness was evaluated based on the indicators of goniometry of the ankle joint at different stages of the rehabilitation process.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the developed comprehensive program of physical rehabilitation with tendinopathy of the fibular tendons.Materials and methods. The study involved 60 professional male athletes with the diagnosis of “fibular tendinopathy” established by ultrasound examination. All patients were randomly divided into two equal groups of 30 people. Group I patients, in addition to the main ones, were assigned specially designed exercises for balance, balance and proprioceptive sensitivity on the Biodex Balance System (BBS) biofeedback system (Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. New York, USA), as well as balancing disksResults. The percentage of reduction in the total amplitude of movement in the ankle joint, that is, its deficiency, statistically significantly differed between the groups. Thus, at the time of examination before the start of treatment, the total amplitude deficit in group I patients was 13.2°, and in group II – 14.0°. At week 6 after the start of treatment, this indicator improved in group I patients and amounted to 3.8°, and in group II – 12.2°.
本研究反映了专业运动员腓骨肌腱病变的综合康复效果。根据不同康复阶段的踝关节角度测量指标,评价其疗效。目的评价所开发的腓骨肌腱病综合康复方案的疗效。材料和方法。本研究涉及60名专业男运动员,通过超声检查诊断为“腓骨肌腱病变”。所有患者被随机分为两组,每组30人。第一组患者除主要组外,在Biodex balance System (BBS)生物反馈系统(Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.)上进行专门设计的平衡、平衡和本体感觉敏感性训练。纽约,美国),以及平衡磁盘结果。踝关节运动总幅度减少的百分比,即其不足,组间差异有统计学意义。因此,在治疗开始前检查时,I组患者的总振幅缺陷为13.2°,II组为- 14.0°。在治疗开始后第6周,该指标在I组患者中有所改善,达到3.8°,在II组患者中达到12.2°。
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引用次数: 0
The impact of micronutrients on athletes’ vision: a retrospective analysis of revalent articles 微量营养素对运动员视力的影响:价值文章的回顾性分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.2
I. B. Medvedev, S. Alieva, M. V. Gusakov, N. I. Medvedeva, N. Dergacheva
The eyes, like other human organs, are deficient in nutrients during over-training, which can affect visual acuity and, accordingly, the quality of training.This article defines the importance of the organ of vision for sports results. It also provides an overview of the latest scientific research on the impact of biologically significant micronutrients on the functions of the visual analyzer with examples of products that help improve visual functions.
眼睛和其他人体器官一样,在过度训练中会缺乏营养,这会影响视力,从而影响训练的质量。本文明确了视觉器官对运动成绩的重要性。它还提供了对生物显著微量营养素对视觉分析仪功能影响的最新科学研究的概述,并提供了有助于改善视觉功能的产品示例。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of the dynamics and structure of morbidity of athletes of the national teams of Moscow based on the results of medical examination 基于体检结果的莫斯科国家队运动员发病动态及结构分析
Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.2.1
V. Badtieva, E. Tenyaeva, N. V. Sichinava, E. Turova, N. N. Trukhacheva, V. I. Afonina, I. G. Babeyan, D. A. Vereshagina, Yu. D. Vostrikov, O. I. Goryacheva, S. N. Derevyanko, A. Dyachkova, N. A. Kostina, N. V. Makunin, A. A. Petrosyan, E. Savin, E. I. Sumaneeva, F. V. Tokarev, D. M. Usmanov, S. V. Yugai, Ye. A. Rozhkova, I. Artikulova, N. A. Papina
Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the structure and dynamics of morbidity of athletes, members of sports teams of the city of Moscow based on the results of an in-depth medical examination in the period 2017–2021.Materials and methods: The data of the medical examination of athletes, which took place at the Moscow scientific and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, restorative and sports medicine, including instrumental, functional and laboratory studies from 2017 to 2021, were analyzed. In 2017, 15176 athletes were examined, in 2018 and 2019, 11200, in 2020, 10080 people and in 2021–11922 athletes.Results: The results of the study showed an increase in the proportion of amenorrhea within the triad of athletes, an increase in general therapeutic morbidity, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, among which the proportion of secondary hyperbilirubinemia in 2021 increased 3 times compared to 2020, which, in our opinion, is also due to the impact of the pandemic and quarantine restrictions.The high prevalence of ophthalmological morbidity of athletes and changes in the cardiovascular system is shown. During 2017–2021, a change in the structure of cardiac morbidity was revealed in the form of an increase in the proportion of cardiac arrhythmias and hypertensive response to stress.An increase in the endocrine morbidity of athletes in 2021 was revealed due to an increase in the proportion of hypothyroidism and more frequent detection of hyperthyroidism, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic, which requires further research.There was also an increase in diseases of the skin and genitourinary system in athletes. Psychological problems of athletes increased during the observation period from 2017 to 2021. There was no significant dynamics of surgical and traumatological diseases, otolaryngological pathologу.Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the importance of regular full-fledged examination of athletes, identification of various functional disorders and diseases for their timely prevention and treatment in order to preserve the health of athletes and improve athletic performance.
目的:本研究的目的是根据2017-2021年期间的深度医学检查结果,分析莫斯科市运动员和运动队成员的发病率结构和动态。材料和方法:分析了2017年至2021年在莫斯科医学康复、恢复和运动医学科学和实践中心对运动员进行的体检数据,包括仪器、功能和实验室研究。2017年有15176名运动员接受了检查,2018年和2019年为11200人,2020年为10080人,2021年为11922人。结果:研究结果显示,运动员三联症闭经比例增加,一般治疗性发病率增加,胃肠道疾病,其中2021年继发性高胆红素血症比例较2020年增加3倍,我们认为这也是受疫情和检疫限制的影响。高患病率的眼科发病率的运动员和心血管系统的变化显示。2017-2021年期间,心脏发病率结构的变化表现为心律失常和高血压对应激反应的比例增加。2021年运动员的内分泌发病率有所上升,原因是甲状腺功能减退的比例增加,甲状腺功能亢进的检测频率增加,可能与COVID-19大流行有关,有待进一步研究。运动员的皮肤和泌尿生殖系统疾病也有所增加。2017 - 2021年观察期间,运动员心理问题有所增加。外科和创伤性疾病、耳鼻喉科病理无明显变化。结论:对运动员进行定期全面检查,及时发现各种功能障碍和疾病,及时防治,对保持运动员健康,提高运动成绩具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 2
Organization of medical caremajor sporting events 医疗保健的组织,主要的体育赛事
Pub Date : 2022-08-15 DOI: 10.47529/2223-2524.2022.1.12
G. M. Zagorodny, E. N. Pinchuk
Organization of medical support for major international events is one of the major challenges for organizers. There is no single supranational detailed normative act yet.Objective: to analyze the existing national and international regulatory framework for the regulation of medical support for competitions with the subsequent formation of a general algorithm and uniform requirements.Materials and methods: analysis of literature data and personal experience.Results: The authors set out the general principles of organizing medical support for sports events based on an analysis of their own experience and recommendations of international organizations. The basic principles have been tested at a number of major sporting events and are practice-oriented. The preparation of the regulations should be based on the normative act of the international federation for the sport, adjusted taking into account national legislation and the scale of the sporting event being held and our own experience in holding such events. The practical significance of the work is the proposed scheme for organizing medical care at a sports facility. The number of medical teams and medical centers at each sports facility is determined by the organizers of the sports event in accordance with the approved national and international rules; the equipment of medical services is determined by the regulations of the Ministry of Health.Conclusion: Medical regulations should contain general provisions, principles of health protection of athletes, implementation of anti-doping rules, compliance with safety measures at the facility. Requirements for the medical service of the competition for the personnel, facility, medical center of the arena, special conditions for ensuring the competition, interaction with the doping control services; maintenance of accounting and reporting documentation are allocated in a separate detailed chapter. A special place and training in practical skills should be given to the algorithm of actions in case of emergencies.
为重大国际活动组织医疗支助是组织者面临的主要挑战之一。目前还没有单一的超国家详细的规范行为。目的:分析现有的国家和国际监管竞赛医疗保障的监管框架,并由此形成通用算法和统一要求。材料和方法:文献资料分析和个人经验。结果:作者在分析自身经验和国际组织建议的基础上,提出了组织体育赛事医疗保障的一般原则。这些基本原则已经在许多大型体育赛事中得到了检验,并以实践为导向。规则的制定应以国际体育联合会的规范行为为基础,并根据国家立法和所举办体育赛事的规模以及我们自己举办此类赛事的经验进行调整。这项工作的实际意义是提出了在体育设施组织医疗保健的计划。每个体育设施的医疗队和医疗中心的数量由体育赛事组织者根据批准的国家和国际规则确定;医疗服务设备由卫生部的规定确定。结论:医疗条例应包括一般规定、保护运动员健康的原则、执行反兴奋剂规则、遵守设施的安全措施。比赛医疗服务对赛场人员、设施、医疗中心的要求,保证比赛的特殊条件,与兴奋剂控制机构的互动;会计和报告文件的维护在单独的详细章节中分配。应对突发事件的行动算法应给予特殊的重视和实践技能培训。
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引用次数: 0
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Sports medicine: research and practice
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