Livia Rhea Alvita, Vida Elsyana, Ekajayanti Kining
Microalgae Porphyridium cruentum has potential as a raw material for bioethanol production because it has a high carbohydrate content. These carbohydrates can be broken down into reducing sugars through the hydrolysis process. The reducing sugar obtained will be used as a substrate in the production of bioethanol. This study aimed to produce a substrate with the best-reducing sugar indicator and to determine the optimum conditions for hydrolysis of P. cruentum microalgae biomass following the Box-Behnken statistical experimental design, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The parameters of the optimized hydrolysis process were HCl concentration (2 - 0.2 N), temperature (60 -120 ˚C), and hydrolysis time (30-180 min). The optimum conditions that have been achieved using RSM are an HCl concentration of 1.91 N, a temperature of 60 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 180 min were predicted a maximum total reducing sugar production of 810 mg/L. The experimental result of total reducing sugar obtained at optimum conditions was 895 mg/L, which was well close to the predicted value, verifying the appropriateness of the model.Abstract is informed about the statements of the problem, methods, scientific finding results and conclusion concisely
{"title":"Optimization of the Hydrolysis Process of Microalgae Porphyridium cruentum Biomass with Variations of Hydrochloric Acid Concentration, Temperature, and Time using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)","authors":"Livia Rhea Alvita, Vida Elsyana, Ekajayanti Kining","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.19500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.19500","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae Porphyridium cruentum has potential as a raw material for bioethanol production because it has a high carbohydrate content. These carbohydrates can be broken down into reducing sugars through the hydrolysis process. The reducing sugar obtained will be used as a substrate in the production of bioethanol. This study aimed to produce a substrate with the best-reducing sugar indicator and to determine the optimum conditions for hydrolysis of P. cruentum microalgae biomass following the Box-Behnken statistical experimental design, using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The parameters of the optimized hydrolysis process were HCl concentration (2 - 0.2 N), temperature (60 -120 ˚C), and hydrolysis time (30-180 min). The optimum conditions that have been achieved using RSM are an HCl concentration of 1.91 N, a temperature of 60 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 180 min were predicted a maximum total reducing sugar production of 810 mg/L. The experimental result of total reducing sugar obtained at optimum conditions was 895 mg/L, which was well close to the predicted value, verifying the appropriateness of the model.Abstract is informed about the statements of the problem, methods, scientific finding results and conclusion concisely","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Suci Amalia, A. Ghanaim Fasya, Umi Hasanah, Mohammad Rosydul Aqli HS
Genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan Hydrilla verticillata adalah alternatif tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan Genjer dan Hydrilla dalam meremediasi logam Cu berdasarkan pada pengaruh variasi konsentrasi logam. Sebelum Genjer dipapar dengan logam, terlebih dahulu dilakukan aklimatisasi Kemudian dilakukan proses pemaparan dengan konsentrasi logam Cu 3, 5 dan 7 mg/L. Setelah itu, sampel didestruksi menggunakan microwave digestion dan dianalisis kandungan logam Cu menggunakan instrumen Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil analisis terhadap kemampuan Genjer dan Hydrilla verticillata meremediasi logam Cu menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Genjer dan Hydrilla verticillata termasuk dalam kategori tanaman akumulator logam dengan penyerapan paling tinggi masing-masing mencapai 95,83% dan 98,07%. Bagian batang dari Genjer mengakumulasi logam Cu lebih baik dibanding daun. Sedangkan pada Hydrilla verticillata, daunlah yang mengakumulasi logam Cu tertinggi.
{"title":"Fitoremediasi Logam Tembaga oleh Tanaman Genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan Hydrilla verticillata berdasarkan Variasi Konsentrasi","authors":"Suci Amalia, A. Ghanaim Fasya, Umi Hasanah, Mohammad Rosydul Aqli HS","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.18341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.18341","url":null,"abstract":"Genjer (Limnocharis flava) dan Hydrilla verticillata adalah alternatif tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai agen fitoremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kemampuan Genjer dan Hydrilla dalam meremediasi logam Cu berdasarkan pada pengaruh variasi konsentrasi logam. Sebelum Genjer dipapar dengan logam, terlebih dahulu dilakukan aklimatisasi Kemudian dilakukan proses pemaparan dengan konsentrasi logam Cu 3, 5 dan 7 mg/L. Setelah itu, sampel didestruksi menggunakan microwave digestion dan dianalisis kandungan logam Cu menggunakan instrumen Spektroskopi Serapan Atom (SSA). Hasil analisis terhadap kemampuan Genjer dan Hydrilla verticillata meremediasi logam Cu menunjukkan bahwa tanaman Genjer dan Hydrilla verticillata termasuk dalam kategori tanaman akumulator logam dengan penyerapan paling tinggi masing-masing mencapai 95,83% dan 98,07%. Bagian batang dari Genjer mengakumulasi logam Cu lebih baik dibanding daun. Sedangkan pada Hydrilla verticillata, daunlah yang mengakumulasi logam Cu tertinggi.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135868121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xanthone Rich Fraction (XRF) derived from mangosteen rind (G. mangostana L.) contains α-mangostin possessed antioxidant property. It may be used to prevent aging (anti-aging). This study aims to determine the effect of adding Carbopol as a gelling agent and propylene glycol as an enhancer on the physical characteristics and penetration rate of the emulgel. Four different formulas were prepared, F1 without a gelling agent (Carbopol) and enhancer (propylene glycol), F2 without a gelling agent (carbopol), F3 using a gelling agent (carbopol), and F4 using a gelling agent (carbopol) and enhancer (propylene glycol). The physical properties of formulas such as organoleptic examination, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability and cycling test were evaluated. Penetration testing was carried out using a Franz Diffusion cell. The results showed that F3 and F4 had the best physical stability and there was a difference in the penetration rate of α-mangostin from the four formulas. The amount of α-mangostin expanding the area for 6 hours, F1, F2, F3 and F4 were 228,22 µg/cm2; 251,06 µg/cm2(Tabel 3); 852,24 µg/cm2; dan 1.087,15 µg/cm2 respectively. The addition of a combination of Carbopol (gelling agent) and propylene glycol (enhancer) showed the highest penetration rate
{"title":"Pengaruh Karbopol dan Propilen Glikol terhadap Laju Penetrasi Sediaan Emulgel Xanthone Rich Fraction dari Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.)","authors":"Sabrina Dahlizar, Putri Alifia Agustina, Narti Fitriana, Abdi Wira Septama, Sofa Fajriah, Herdini Herdini","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.20520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.20520","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthone Rich Fraction (XRF) derived from mangosteen rind (G. mangostana L.) contains α-mangostin possessed antioxidant property. It may be used to prevent aging (anti-aging). This study aims to determine the effect of adding Carbopol as a gelling agent and propylene glycol as an enhancer on the physical characteristics and penetration rate of the emulgel. Four different formulas were prepared, F1 without a gelling agent (Carbopol) and enhancer (propylene glycol), F2 without a gelling agent (carbopol), F3 using a gelling agent (carbopol), and F4 using a gelling agent (carbopol) and enhancer (propylene glycol). The physical properties of formulas such as organoleptic examination, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability and cycling test were evaluated. Penetration testing was carried out using a Franz Diffusion cell. The results showed that F3 and F4 had the best physical stability and there was a difference in the penetration rate of α-mangostin from the four formulas. The amount of α-mangostin expanding the area for 6 hours, F1, F2, F3 and F4 were 228,22 µg/cm2; 251,06 µg/cm2(Tabel 3); 852,24 µg/cm2; dan 1.087,15 µg/cm2 respectively. The addition of a combination of Carbopol (gelling agent) and propylene glycol (enhancer) showed the highest penetration rate","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One way to lighten skin tone is to inhibit the formation of melanin through the inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme. Bleach acts as an inhibitor of melanin production and is known as a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor. In this study, the potential for teabag and honey dregs will be analyzed singly and in the form of a mixture. The method used is an anti-tyrosinase test using L-DOPA as a substrate. The results of the analysis showed that the tea extract samples were almost all positive test compounds (Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids) except for Quinones and Triterpenoids. Honey for the positive sample was only for saponin compounds, while those for other compounds were negative. Tea extract has the potential to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme, because it contains flavonoid compounds, tannins and steroids. Tests for inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme in honey and tea and a mixture of the two have IC50 values 1000 g/ml, so the inhibitory activity is very weak. However, research has shown that tea bag dregs and honey have the potential to be used as active ingredients in whitening cosmetics.
{"title":"Potensi Madu dan Ekstrak Ampas Teh Sebagai Penghambat Tirosinase Untuk Bahan Aktif Kosmetika Pemutih","authors":"La Ode Sumarlin, Nur Ernita, Hajar Hajar","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.19606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.19606","url":null,"abstract":"One way to lighten skin tone is to inhibit the formation of melanin through the inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme. Bleach acts as an inhibitor of melanin production and is known as a competitive tyrosinase inhibitor. In this study, the potential for teabag and honey dregs will be analyzed singly and in the form of a mixture. The method used is an anti-tyrosinase test using L-DOPA as a substrate. The results of the analysis showed that the tea extract samples were almost all positive test compounds (Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids) except for Quinones and Triterpenoids. Honey for the positive sample was only for saponin compounds, while those for other compounds were negative. Tea extract has the potential to inhibit the tyrosinase enzyme, because it contains flavonoid compounds, tannins and steroids. Tests for inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme in honey and tea and a mixture of the two have IC50 values 1000 g/ml, so the inhibitory activity is very weak. However, research has shown that tea bag dregs and honey have the potential to be used as active ingredients in whitening cosmetics.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salah satu cara yang dapat dikembangkan dalam penanggulangan sampah plastik adalah menggunakan Bioplastik. Dengan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi komposisi zat aditif CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) terhadap kekuatan tarik, biodegradasi dan daya serap air dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok. Dalam pengolahannya TKKS yang telah di delignifikasi dan bleaching, dilarutkan ke dalam 50 mL aquades bersama dengan pati dan gliserol selama 10-15 menit dengan temperatur 70oC. Setelah itu, ditambahkan CMC yang telah dilarutkan dengan variasi sebanyak 1%, 2%, 3% dan 4% diaduk dan dipanaskan selama 30 menit dengan temperatur 180oC. Kemudian dilakukan pencetakkan menggunakan Teflon dan dimasukan kedalam oven dengan suhu 70oC selama 5 jam. Setelah itu, cetakan dikeluarkan dan didinginkan menggunakan temperatur kamar. Didapatkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi dengan variasi CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 2,103 MPa dan elongasi tertinggi terdapat pada variasi CMC 3% sebesar 2,12%. Untuk nilai penyerapan air tertinggi terdapat pada CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 80,95% dengan ketahanan air sebesar 19,05% sedangkan untuk nilai degradasi tertinggi terdapat pada CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 88,77%. Kata Kunci: Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok, CMC
{"title":"Pengaruh CarboxyMethyl Cellulose Terhadap Sifat Bioplastik Berbasis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Plasticizer Gliserol","authors":"Zaenab Zaenab, Nia Sasria, Muthia Putri Darsini Lubis","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.20389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.20389","url":null,"abstract":"Salah satu cara yang dapat dikembangkan dalam penanggulangan sampah plastik adalah menggunakan Bioplastik. Dengan dilaksanakannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi komposisi zat aditif CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC) terhadap kekuatan tarik, biodegradasi dan daya serap air dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) dan Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok. Dalam pengolahannya TKKS yang telah di delignifikasi dan bleaching, dilarutkan ke dalam 50 mL aquades bersama dengan pati dan gliserol selama 10-15 menit dengan temperatur 70oC. Setelah itu, ditambahkan CMC yang telah dilarutkan dengan variasi sebanyak 1%, 2%, 3% dan 4% diaduk dan dipanaskan selama 30 menit dengan temperatur 180oC. Kemudian dilakukan pencetakkan menggunakan Teflon dan dimasukan kedalam oven dengan suhu 70oC selama 5 jam. Setelah itu, cetakan dikeluarkan dan didinginkan menggunakan temperatur kamar. Didapatkan nilai kuat tarik tertinggi dengan variasi CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 2,103 MPa dan elongasi tertinggi terdapat pada variasi CMC 3% sebesar 2,12%. Untuk nilai penyerapan air tertinggi terdapat pada CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 80,95% dengan ketahanan air sebesar 19,05% sedangkan untuk nilai degradasi tertinggi terdapat pada CMC 4%, yaitu sebesar 88,77%. Kata Kunci: Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, Pati Kulit Pisang Kepok, CMC","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135789925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractEucheuma spinosum is a type of red algae (Eucheuma) which is used as a food which has a high source of carrageenan. Information on secondary metabolites in E. spinosum is known to have bioactive properties as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites in E.spinosum. The study was started by isolating secondary metabolites from E.spinosum using Soxhlet extraction followed by solvent partitioning, fractionation and characterization. The rendemen from methanol extract was 6.07% while the highest partition result was in the ethyl acetate fraction, which was 1.25%. Fractionation was carried out by column chromatography resulting in 2 single spots F401 and A402. Pure isolate F401 has an Rf value of 0.71 in the form of a white solid, A401 has an Rf value of 0.67 in the form of a brown gel. The results of characterization of isolates with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer obtained maximum absorption and absorbance values of F401 218.50 nm 4.79 M-1 cm-1, 273 nm 1.06 M-1 cm-1 respectively. Isolate A402 233.50 nm 4.1 M-1 cm-1, 407 nm 1.03 M-1 cm-1. Identification using FT-IR found that both isolates showed the presence of functional groups =C-H, C-C, C=O, C-H. According to the result of the UV and FT-IR spectra, two isolates can be identified as terpenoid compounds. Keywords: E.spinosum, Secondary Metabolites, Ethyl acetate fraction, UV-VIS, FT-IR
{"title":"Isolation and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites in Ethyl Acetate Fraction From Indonesian Eucheuma Spinosum","authors":"Nurul Inayah, Masruri Masruri","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.20446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.20446","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEucheuma spinosum is a type of red algae (Eucheuma) which is used as a food which has a high source of carrageenan. Information on secondary metabolites in E. spinosum is known to have bioactive properties as an antioxidant and antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites in E.spinosum. The study was started by isolating secondary metabolites from E.spinosum using Soxhlet extraction followed by solvent partitioning, fractionation and characterization. The rendemen from methanol extract was 6.07% while the highest partition result was in the ethyl acetate fraction, which was 1.25%. Fractionation was carried out by column chromatography resulting in 2 single spots F401 and A402. Pure isolate F401 has an Rf value of 0.71 in the form of a white solid, A401 has an Rf value of 0.67 in the form of a brown gel. The results of characterization of isolates with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer obtained maximum absorption and absorbance values of F401 218.50 nm 4.79 M-1 cm-1, 273 nm 1.06 M-1 cm-1 respectively. Isolate A402 233.50 nm 4.1 M-1 cm-1, 407 nm 1.03 M-1 cm-1. Identification using FT-IR found that both isolates showed the presence of functional groups =C-H, C-C, C=O, C-H. According to the result of the UV and FT-IR spectra, two isolates can be identified as terpenoid compounds. Keywords: E.spinosum, Secondary Metabolites, Ethyl acetate fraction, UV-VIS, FT-IR","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soursop (Anonna Muricata L.) and Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) are plants that contain secondary metabolites that have potential as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of soursop leaf samples, beluntas and their combination in reducing DPPH. Samples were made into powder followed by maceration and evaporated the solvent to become an extract. Antioxidant activity testing with DPPH silencing method with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity test results for soursop leaf samples, beluntas, combinations (1:1), (1:2) and (2:1) have IC50 values of 58, 51, 57, 61 and 68 ppm, respectively. Further analysis Combination index of the combination (1:1) has a synergistic effect and the combination (1:2) and (2:1) has an antagonistic effect. Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Anonna Muricata L. leaf, Pluchea indica L. leaf, DPPH
{"title":"Aktivitas Aantioksidan Kombinasi Daun Sirsak (Anonna Muricata L.) dan Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.)","authors":"Ulfatun Hasanah, Nurul Inayah","doi":"10.18860/al.v11i2.20183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v11i2.20183","url":null,"abstract":"Soursop (Anonna Muricata L.) and Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) are plants that contain secondary metabolites that have potential as antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity of soursop leaf samples, beluntas and their combination in reducing DPPH. Samples were made into powder followed by maceration and evaporated the solvent to become an extract. Antioxidant activity testing with DPPH silencing method with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity test results for soursop leaf samples, beluntas, combinations (1:1), (1:2) and (2:1) have IC50 values of 58, 51, 57, 61 and 68 ppm, respectively. Further analysis Combination index of the combination (1:1) has a synergistic effect and the combination (1:2) and (2:1) has an antagonistic effect. Keywords: Antioxidant Activity, Anonna Muricata L. leaf, Pluchea indica L. leaf, DPPH","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dr. Nur Aini Fauziyah, M.Si, Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi
The preparation of compost from brem waste has been carried out with the aim of utilizing brem waste into more useful materials. In this work, brem waste was collected from UD.Tongkat Mas, Madiun, East Java. Brem waste compost was processed by aerobic method by adding eggshell powder and M-Bio activator. The M-Bio activator solution that was added was varied with the volume of the solution, i.e., 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150ml. Here, we gave the sample nomenclature of CM50, CM75, CM100, CM125, and CM150, respectively, with the numbers on the back side indicating the volume of M-Bio activator added. Observations on brem compost were carried out for 10 days. Every 2 days interval, measurements of the C/N ratio were carried out on the compost. The manufacture of compost has been successfully made (based on SNI Standard 19-7030-2004) and has the best results by adding 100 ml of M-Bio activator (CM100) with a composting time of 10 days, with a C/N ratio of 11.42, and has no odor.
以溴化氢废料为原料制备堆肥，使溴化氢废料转化为更有用的材料。在本工作中，从UD收集了brem废物。东爪哇的东吉街。采用添加蛋壳粉和M-Bio活化剂的好氧法处理Brem废堆肥。M-Bio活化剂溶液的添加量随溶液体积的不同而不同，分别为50、75、100、125、150ml。在这里，我们分别给出了CM50、CM75、CM100、CM125和CM150的样品名称，背面的数字表示M-Bio活化剂的添加量。对brem堆肥进行了10天的观察。每隔2 d对堆肥进行碳氮比测定。堆肥制作成功(基于SNI标准19-7030-2004)，添加100 ml M-Bio活化剂(CM100)，堆肥时间为10天，C/N比为11.42，无异味，效果最好。
{"title":"C/N Ratio of Brem Waste Compost by Aerobic Method","authors":"Dr. Nur Aini Fauziyah, M.Si, Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi","doi":"10.18860/al.v10i2.12670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v10i2.12670","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of compost from brem waste has been carried out with the aim of utilizing brem waste into more useful materials. In this work, brem waste was collected from UD.Tongkat Mas, Madiun, East Java. Brem waste compost was processed by aerobic method by adding eggshell powder and M-Bio activator. The M-Bio activator solution that was added was varied with the volume of the solution, i.e., 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150ml. Here, we gave the sample nomenclature of CM50, CM75, CM100, CM125, and CM150, respectively, with the numbers on the back side indicating the volume of M-Bio activator added. Observations on brem compost were carried out for 10 days. Every 2 days interval, measurements of the C/N ratio were carried out on the compost. The manufacture of compost has been successfully made (based on SNI Standard 19-7030-2004) and has the best results by adding 100 ml of M-Bio activator (CM100) with a composting time of 10 days, with a C/N ratio of 11.42, and has no odor.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83759699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The preparation of compost from brem waste has been carried out with the aim of utilizing brem waste into more useful materials. In this work, brem waste was collected from UD.Tongkat Mas, Madiun, East Java. Brem waste compost was processed by aerobic method by adding eggshell powder and M-Bio activator. The M-Bio activator solution that was added was varied with the volume of the solution, i.e., 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150ml. Here, we gave the sample nomenclature of CM50, CM75, CM100, CM125, and CM150, respectively, with the numbers on the back side indicating the volume of M-Bio activator added. Observations on brem compost were carried out for 10 days. Every 2 days interval, measurements of the C/N ratio were carried out on the compost. The manufacture of compost has been successfully made (based on SNI Standard 19-7030-2004) and has the best results by adding 100 ml of M-Bio activator (CM100) with a composting time of 10 days, with a C/N ratio of 11.42, and has no odor.
以溴化氢废料为原料制备堆肥，使溴化氢废料转化为更有用的材料。在本工作中，从UD收集了brem废物。东爪哇的东吉街。采用添加蛋壳粉和M-Bio活化剂的好氧法处理Brem废堆肥。M-Bio活化剂溶液的添加量随溶液体积的不同而不同，分别为50、75、100、125、150ml。在这里，我们分别给出了CM50、CM75、CM100、CM125和CM150的样品名称，背面的数字表示M-Bio活化剂的添加量。对brem堆肥进行了10天的观察。每隔2 d对堆肥进行碳氮比测定。堆肥制作成功(基于SNI标准19-7030-2004)，添加100 ml M-Bio活化剂(CM100)，堆肥时间为10天，C/N比为11.42，无异味，效果最好。
{"title":"A Method of Determining the C/N Ratio from Aerobically Treated Brem Compost Waste","authors":"Kindriari Nurma Wahyusi, N. A. Fauziyah","doi":"10.18860/al.v10i1.12670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v10i1.12670","url":null,"abstract":"The preparation of compost from brem waste has been carried out with the aim of utilizing brem waste into more useful materials. In this work, brem waste was collected from UD.Tongkat Mas, Madiun, East Java. Brem waste compost was processed by aerobic method by adding eggshell powder and M-Bio activator. The M-Bio activator solution that was added was varied with the volume of the solution, i.e., 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150ml. Here, we gave the sample nomenclature of CM50, CM75, CM100, CM125, and CM150, respectively, with the numbers on the back side indicating the volume of M-Bio activator added. Observations on brem compost were carried out for 10 days. Every 2 days interval, measurements of the C/N ratio were carried out on the compost. The manufacture of compost has been successfully made (based on SNI Standard 19-7030-2004) and has the best results by adding 100 ml of M-Bio activator (CM100) with a composting time of 10 days, with a C/N ratio of 11.42, and has no odor.","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87443408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Active compounds as therapeutic agents are mainly found in natural products. Kaempferia pandurata from Kaempferia Genus has been used for the treatment of diseases. K. pandurata contains kaempferol (KMP) which exhibits various biological activities such as anticancer. KMP correlates to death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) relates to tumor suppression and apoptotic and autophagy mediation. This research aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of kaempferide (a methylated KMP at the C4’ position) against DAPK1 in silico. The research was performed through molecular docking to DAPK1 (5AUX and 5AV3), anticancer activity prediction, drug-likeness analysis, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology) evaluation. The binding affinity of kaempferide was -8.0 kcal/mol for 5AUX and 5AV3, respectively. The highest anticancer activity of kaempferide was shown against the prostate carcinoma cell line CWR22R. Kaempferide showed no violation to Lipinski-Veber rule and had good ADMET profile. Keywords: in silico, anticancer, kaempferide Senyawa aktif dengan potensi terapeutik banyak ditemukan dalam bahan alam. Kaempferia pandurata dari genus Kaempferia telah digunakan dalam pengobatan berbagai penyakit. K. pandurata mengandung kaempferol (KMP) dengan aktivitas biologis beragam, salah satunya adalah antikanker. KMP juga dapat berikatan dengan death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) yang berhubungan dengan penekanan tumor dan mediasi apoptosis dan autofagi. Penelitian ini mempelajari potensi antikanker kaempferida (KMP yang termetilasi pada posisi C4’) terhadap DAPK1 secara in silico. Penelitian dilakukan melalui penambatan molekular terhadap DAPK1 (5AUX dan 5AV3), perkiraan aktivitas antikanker, analisis drug-likeness, dan prediksi ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology). Afinitas ikatan kaempferida masing-masing sebesar -8,0 kkal/mol untuk 5AUX dan 5AV3. Aktivitas antikanker tertinggi kaempferida ditunjukkan terhadap cell line karsinoma prostat CWR22R. Kaempferida tidak melanggar aturan Lipinski-Veber sesuai analisis drug-likeness dan memiliki profil ADMET yang cukup baik. Kata kunci: in silico, antikanker, kaempferida
作为治疗剂的活性化合物主要存在于天然产物中。山柰属的山柰已被用于治疗疾病。含山奈酚(KMP)，具有抗癌等多种生物活性。KMP与死亡相关蛋白激酶1 (DAPK1)相关，与肿瘤抑制、凋亡和自噬介导有关。本研究旨在评估山奈哌啶(一种在C4 '位置甲基化的KMP)在硅中对DAPK1的抗癌潜力。研究通过与DAPK1 (5AUX和5AV3)的分子对接、抗癌活性预测、药物相似性分析和ADMET(吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒理学)评估进行。山奈哌啶对5AUX和5AV3的结合亲和力分别为-8.0 kcal/mol。山奈普胺对前列腺癌细胞CWR22R的抑癌活性最高。坎普奈德不违反Lipinski-Veber规则，具有良好的ADMET谱。关键词:硅酸，抗癌，山奈普胺，Senyawa, akf, dendenan, potential, terapeutiak, banyak, ditemukan, dalam, bahan, alarm。山柰属。山柰属。山奈酚(KMP)是一种活性生物制剂，具有抗结核作用。KMP juga dapat berikatan dengan死亡相关蛋白激酶1 (DAPK1) yang berhubungan dengan penekanan肿瘤dan mediasapoptosis和autofagi。Penelitian ini mempelajari potentisi antikkanter kaempferida (KMP yang termetilasi pada posisi C4 ')， terhadap DAPK1 secara。Penelitian dilakukan melalui penambatan分子terhadap DAPK1 (5AUX dan 5AV3)， perkiraan活性抗kanker，分析药物相似性，dan prediksi ADMET(吸收、分布、代谢、排泄和毒理学)。最后，ikatan kaempferida masing-masing sebesar -8,0 kkal/mol, 5AUX和5AV3。抗结核活血菌抗结核活血菌抗山奈菌抗结核活血菌抗前列腺癌细胞系CWR22R。山奈菌的药物相似性和记忆性分析[j]。Kata kunci: in silico, antikanker, kaempferida
{"title":"Studi In Silico Potensi Antikanker Senyawa Kaempferida","authors":"Arif Fadlan, Tri Warsito, Sarmoko Sarmoko","doi":"10.18860/al.v10i1.13317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v10i1.13317","url":null,"abstract":" Active compounds as therapeutic agents are mainly found in natural products. Kaempferia pandurata from Kaempferia Genus has been used for the treatment of diseases. K. pandurata contains kaempferol (KMP) which exhibits various biological activities such as anticancer. KMP correlates to death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) relates to tumor suppression and apoptotic and autophagy mediation. This research aims to evaluate the anticancer potential of kaempferide (a methylated KMP at the C4’ position) against DAPK1 in silico. The research was performed through molecular docking to DAPK1 (5AUX and 5AV3), anticancer activity prediction, drug-likeness analysis, and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology) evaluation. The binding affinity of kaempferide was -8.0 kcal/mol for 5AUX and 5AV3, respectively. The highest anticancer activity of kaempferide was shown against the prostate carcinoma cell line CWR22R. Kaempferide showed no violation to Lipinski-Veber rule and had good ADMET profile. Keywords: in silico, anticancer, kaempferide Senyawa aktif dengan potensi terapeutik banyak ditemukan dalam bahan alam. Kaempferia pandurata dari genus Kaempferia telah digunakan dalam pengobatan berbagai penyakit. K. pandurata mengandung kaempferol (KMP) dengan aktivitas biologis beragam, salah satunya adalah antikanker. KMP juga dapat berikatan dengan death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) yang berhubungan dengan penekanan tumor dan mediasi apoptosis dan autofagi. Penelitian ini mempelajari potensi antikanker kaempferida (KMP yang termetilasi pada posisi C4’) terhadap DAPK1 secara in silico. Penelitian dilakukan melalui penambatan molekular terhadap DAPK1 (5AUX dan 5AV3), perkiraan aktivitas antikanker, analisis drug-likeness, dan prediksi ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology). Afinitas ikatan kaempferida masing-masing sebesar -8,0 kkal/mol untuk 5AUX dan 5AV3. Aktivitas antikanker tertinggi kaempferida ditunjukkan terhadap cell line karsinoma prostat CWR22R. Kaempferida tidak melanggar aturan Lipinski-Veber sesuai analisis drug-likeness dan memiliki profil ADMET yang cukup baik. Kata kunci: in silico, antikanker, kaempferida ","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85909228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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