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Characterization of Gelatin Profile of Chicken Broiler (Gallus domestica) Bone Using SDS-PAGE Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE电泳分析肉鸡(Gallus domestica)骨明胶结构
Pub Date : 2019-07-23 DOI: 10.18860/AL.V7I1.7437
D. Yuliani, Dhienda Risa Awalsasi, A. Jannah
Gelatin, a proteinaceous additive, is obtained from hydrolysis of collagen in the bone, hide and skin of animals. As natural product, gelatin has been applied in many industries with various functions. This study attempt to characterize gelatin profile of broiler chicken (Gallus domestica) using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The chicken bone was pretreated using a strong base, sodium hydroxide, producing type B gelatin. The gelatin was purified through precipitation using the variation of ammonium sulfate concentrations (40-70%) and dialysis using cellophane membrane. The purified gelatin was characterized through SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Based on electrophoresis visualization, reduction of band intensity by ammonium sulfate 40% showed removal of small peptide fragments. The remained gelatin showed two major bands, α-chains and a β-chain with the respective molecular weight of ~135 and ~245 kDa. The protein content of the unpurified gelatin (E1) was 71.65±0.60 mg/L.  The purified E1 gelatins by 40-70% of ammonium sulfate addition contained 61.42±3.90, 60.45±1.36, 59.89±0.24, and 55.32±1.05 mg/L of protein concentration, respectively. Keywords: chicken bone, gelatin profile, protein electrophoresis
明胶是一种蛋白质添加剂,由动物骨骼、兽皮和皮肤中的胶原蛋白水解而成。明胶作为一种天然产物,具有多种功能,被广泛应用于许多工业领域。本研究采用SDS-PAGE电泳技术对肉鸡明胶进行了表征。用强碱氢氧化钠对鸡骨进行预处理,得到B型明胶。明胶通过硫酸铵浓度变化(40-70%)沉淀和玻璃纸膜透析纯化。纯化后的明胶通过SDS-PAGE电泳进行了表征。电泳显示,硫酸铵使条带强度降低40%,表明去除了小肽片段。剩余明胶呈现α-链和β-链两条主要带,分子量分别为~135和~245 kDa。未纯化明胶(E1)蛋白含量为71.65±0.60 mg/L。经40-70%硫酸铵添加纯化得到的E1明胶蛋白浓度分别为61.42±3.90、60.45±1.36、59.89±0.24、55.32±1.05 mg/L。关键词:鸡骨,明胶,蛋白电泳
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引用次数: 3
Analisis Kadar Timbal (Pb) pada Bedak Tabur dan Eyeshadow dengan Variasi Metode Destruksi dan Zat Pengoksidasi dengan Spektroskopi Serapan Atom 对着色粉和眼影中的铅含量进行分析,其分解方法和氧化物质与原子吸收分光谱进行了千变万化分析
Pub Date : 2019-07-23 DOI: 10.18860/AL.V7I1.7016
Diana Candra Dewi, R. Mahmudah, Oktrin Rustika Kumalawati, Diana Amalullia
Loose powder and eyeshadow are cosmetics often used by women in their daily activities. Some cosmetic products contain heavy metal in the composition. This study aims to determine the concentration of lead in the loose powder and eyeshadow both registered and unregistered at the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) in Malang. The destruction method used is wet digestion in the opened and closed systems with variations of oxidizing agents of HNO3 and HClO4. The concentration of lead was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of destruction optimization on loose powder and eyeshadow showed wet digestion in closed system gave the best destruction results. The best oxidizing agent for both products is a mixture of HNO3: HClO4 (2: 1). Lead concentration in the loose powder product for samples A, B, C, D was 18.90±0.35, 19.10±0.46, 23.47±0.65 and 28.90±0.35mg/Kg, respectively. Eyeshadow samples of E, F, G, and H contained lead concentrations were 25.67±1.76, 34.23±0.57, 45.30±0.56 and 45.90±1.78 mg/Kg, respectively
Keywords: cosmetics, loose powder, eyeshadow, lead

 

 

Bedak tabur dan eyeshadow merupakan kosmetik yang sering digunakan oleh wanita dalam kehidupaan sehari-hari. Beberapa produk kosmetik mengandung logam berat dalam komposisinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar timbal pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow baik yang terdaftar dan tidak terdaftar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) di kota Malang. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode destruksi basah (terbuka dan tertutup) dengan variasi zat pengoksidasi HNO3 dan HClO4. Kadar timbal dianalisis menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom (SSA). Hasil optimasi desktruksi pada bedak tabur dan eyeshadow menunjukkan bahwa destruksi basah tertutup memberikan hasil destruksi terbaik. Adapun pengoksidasi terbaik untuk kedua produk tersebut adalah campuran HNO3:HClO4 (2:1). Kadar timbal bedak tabur pada sampel A, B, C, D masing-masing sebesar 18,90±0,35; 19,10±0,46; 23,47±0,65 dan 28,90±0,35 mg/Kg. Sampel eyeshadow E, F, G, dan H mengandung kadar timbal sebesar 25,67±1,76; 34,23±0,57; 45,30±0,56 dan 45,90±1,78 mg/Kg, berturut-turut.

Kata kunci: kosmetik, bedak tabur, eyeshadow, timbal

散粉和眼影是女性在日常活动中经常使用的化妆品。有些化妆品的成分中含有重金属。本研究旨在确定在马琅食品药品监督管理局(BPOM)注册和未注册的散粉和眼影中的铅浓度。所采用的破坏方法是在开放和封闭的系统中湿消化,并使用不同的氧化剂HNO3和HClO4。采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)分析了铅的浓度。对散粉和眼影的破坏优化结果表明,封闭系统中湿消化的破坏效果最好。两种产品的最佳氧化剂均为HNO3: HClO4(2:1)的混合物。样品a、B、C、D的散粉产品铅浓度分别为18.90±0.35、19.10±0.46、23.47±0.65和28.90±0.35mg/Kg。眼影样品中E、F、G、H的含铅量分别为25.67±1.76、34.23±0.57、45.30±0.56和45.90±1.78 mg/Kg。关键词:化妆品、散粉、眼影、铅、比达克塔布尔丹、眼影、merupakan kosmetik yang、sering digunakan oleh wanita dalam kehidupaan sehari-hari。Beberapa产品kosmetik mengandung logam berat dalam komposisinya。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar timbal pada bedak tabur dan眼影baik yang terdtar dan tidak terdtar di Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) di kota Malang。方法yang digunakan adalah方法destrucksi basah (terbuka dan tertutup) dengan variasi zat pengoksidasi HNO3和HClO4。卡达尔钹分析,蒙古纳坎原子光谱。Hasil optimasi desktruksi paada bedak tabur和眼影menunjukkan bahwa destruksi basah turtuup成员kan Hasil destruksi terbaik。在HNO3:HClO4(2:1)的条件下,获得了一种新的水解产物。卡达尔木鼓床塔布帕达样品A, B, C, D -masing sebesar 18,90±0,35;19日,10±0,46岁;23、47±0.65毫克/千克28、90±0.35毫克/千克。样品眼影E, F, G,丹,蒙大东,卡达尔,鼓纹,25,67±1,76;34岁,23±0,57;45、30±0.56毫克/千克45、90±1.78毫克/千克。Kata kunci: kosmetik, bedak tabur,眼影,timbal
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引用次数: 1
Terapi Infusa Pekat Buah Pare (Momordica charantia L.) terhadap Kadar Glukosa Darah dan SOD pada Ginjal Tikus DM Tipe 1
Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.18860/AL.V6I2.6762
Nur Hasanah, H. Hasanah, H. Barroroh
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is one of the Cucurbitaceae families which is useful as traditional antidiabetic medicine. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune disease indicated by increasing blood sugar levels. The aim of this study to determine the effect of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit on blood glucose levels and SOD activity in three diabetic levels (low, medium, acute) in DM Type 1 of rat kidney. The doses of therapy used were 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.80 and 1 mL/200 g body weight (BW). Blood sugar level was measured using enzymatic (glucose oxidase) method and SOD activity using NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium) test. The results showed that the concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit was able to decrease blood glucose levels and increase the SOD activity of DM 1 in the rat kidney. The average ability of the therapy to reduce DM in low, medium, and acute level was 87.21, 84.5 and 55,56%, respectively. In 0.3 mL/200 g Bw dose, concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit reduced blood sugar level to all diabetes levels. The average value of concentrated infusions therapy of bitter melon fruit in increasing SOD activity was 144.76%. Keywords:  Diabetes mellitus, infuse, SOD (superoxide dismutase), bitter melon fruit (Momordica charantia L.) Buah pare (Momordica charantia L.) merupakan salah satu keluarga Cucurbitaceae yang bermanfaat sebagai obat tradisional, salah satunya untuk antidiabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya kadar gula darah (KGD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi infusa pekat buah pare terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan SOD pada tiga tingkat diabetes yaitu ringan, sedang dan akut pada ginjal tikus DM tipe 1. Dosis yang digunakan yakni 0,15; 0,30; 0,45; 0,60; 0,80; dan 1 mL/200 g BB. KGD diiukur dengan metode enzimatik (glukosa oksidase) dan aktivitas SOD diukur dengan uji NBT (Nitroblue tetrazolium). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi infusa pekat buah pare berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah dan peningkatan kadar SOD pada ginjal tikus DM 1. Kemampuan rata-rata terapi dalam menurunkan DM tingkat ringan, sedang, dan akut masing-masing sebesar 87,21; 84,5 dan 55,56%. Pada dosis 0,3 mL/200 g BB, terapi infusa pekat buah pare mampu menurunkan KGD terhadap seluruh tingkat DM. Kemampuan rata-rata infusa pekat buah pare dalam meningkatkan kadar SOD sebesar 144,76%. Kata Kunci: Diabetes mellitus, infusa, SOD (superoksida dismutase), buah pare (Momordica charantia L.)
苦瓜(Momordica charantia L.)是葫芦科植物之一,具有传统的抗糖尿病药物作用。糖尿病(DM)是一种以血糖升高为表现的自身免疫性疾病。本研究旨在探讨苦瓜果浓缩输注治疗对1型糖尿病大鼠肾脏低、中、急性三种糖尿病水平(低、中、急性)血糖水平及SOD活性的影响。使用的治疗剂量分别为0.15、0.30、0.45、0.60、0.80和1 mL/200 g体重(BW)。葡萄糖氧化酶法测定血糖水平,硝蓝四氮唑法测定SOD活性。结果表明,苦瓜果浓缩输注治疗能降低大鼠血糖水平,提高肾脏dm1超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。低、中、急性DM的平均降压能力分别为87.21%、84.5%和55.56%。在0.3 mL/200 g Bw剂量下,苦瓜果浓缩输注治疗可使血糖水平降至所有糖尿病水平。苦瓜果浓缩液处理对SOD活性的平均提高值为144.76%。关键词:糖尿病,输液,超氧化物歧化酶,苦瓜西葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae)杨伯曼法特(sebagai obat traditional)抗糖尿病。糖尿病(DM):糖尿病(DM)、糖尿病(DM)、糖尿病(DM)、糖尿病(DM)、糖尿病(DM)。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi infinfa pekat buhad kadar glukosa darah dansod padtiga tingkat diabetes yitu ringan, sedang danakut padginal tikus DM 1型。土斯阳地古纳坎雅克尼0,15;0, 30;0、45;0, 60;0, 80;丹1ml / 200g BB。diukur dengan mede enzimatik(葡萄糖糖苷酶)和活性SOD diukur dengan uji NBT(硝基蓝四氮唑)。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terapi infusa pekat buah parberpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah danpeningkatan kadar SOD padjinjal tikus DM 1。Kemampuan rata-rata terapi dalam menurunkan DM tingkat ringan, sedang, danakut masing-masing sebesar 87,21;84,5丹55,56%。3 mL/200 g BB, terapi infusa pekat buah parare mampu menurunkan KGD terhadap seluruh tingkat DM. Kemampuan rata-rata infusa pekat buah parare dalam meningkatkan kadar SOD sebesar 144,76%。Kata Kunci:糖尿病,静脉注射,超氧化物歧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶),双酚a(苦瓜)
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引用次数: 0
Identifikasi Senyawa Kuersetin dari Fraksi Etil Asetat Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) 确定鳄梨叶提取物乙基乙酸成分的化合物。
Pub Date : 2019-04-15 DOI: 10.18860/AL.V6I2.6768
Elly Rustanti, Qurrotu A’yunin Lathifah
Avocado leaves (Persea americana Mill.) have many benefits in our health because the leaves contain many secondary metabolites. One of the secondary metabolites in avocado leaves is quercetin. Quercetin is the largest compound of the flavonols group in which percentage of quercetin and its glycosides is 60-75% of total flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to isolate quercetin compounds from ethyl acetate fraction of ethanol extract of avocado leaves and to determine the presence of quercetin compounds in the avocado leaves. The leaves were extracted by maceration using 95% ethanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate. Identification of quercetin compounds using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results of this study indicated that avocado leaf extract contained quercetin compounds with a retention time of 5.83 minutes with molecular weight m/z = 300.50-301.50 [M-H]+. Keywords: Avocado leaves, quercetin, LC-MS  Daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) banyak memiliki kegunaan dalam kesehatan karena mengandung banyak metabolit sekunder. Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun alpukat adalah kuersetin. Kuersetin adalah senyawa kelompok flavonol terbesar yang mana kuersetin dan glikosidanya berada dalam jumlah sekitar 60-75% dari flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi senyawa kuersetin dari fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dan untuk mengetahui adanya senyawa kuersetin dalam daun alpukat. Daun alpukat diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 95% dan difraksinasi dengan etil asetat. Identifikasi senyawa kuersetin dengan menggunakan kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa (KC-SM). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam ekstrak daun alpukat mengandung senyawa kuersetin dengan waktu retensi 5,83 menit dengan berat molekul m/z= 300,50-301,50 [M-H]+. Kata kunci: Daun alpukat, kuersetin, KC-SM
牛油果的叶子对我们的健康有很多好处,因为它含有许多次级代谢物。鳄梨叶中的次级代谢物之一是槲皮素。槲皮素是黄酮醇类中最大的化合物,槲皮素及其糖苷占总黄酮的60-75%。本研究的目的是从牛油果叶乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部分分离槲皮素化合物,并测定其在牛油果叶中的含量。用95%乙醇浸渍提取,乙酸乙酯分馏。液相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定槲皮素类化合物。结果表明,牛油果叶提取物中含有槲皮素类化合物,保留时间为5.83 min,分子量m/z = 300.50 ~ 301.50 [m - h]+。关键词:鳄梨叶;槲皮素;LC-MS;Salah satu metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam and alpukat adalah kuersetin。木参黄酮醇,木参黄酮醇,木参黄酮醇,木参黄酮醇图juan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi senyawa kuersetin dari fraksi直到alpukat danuntuk mengetahui adanya senyawa kuersetin dalam dawan alpukat。丹参丹参丹参乙醇95%丹参丹参丹参丹参提取物。用KC-SM鉴别紫外光、紫外光、紫外光、紫外光、紫外光和紫外光。Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam ekstrak daun alpukat mengandung senyawa kuersetin dengan waktu retensi 5,83 menit dengan berat分子m/z= 300,50-301,50 [m - h]+。Kata kunci: Daun alpukat, kuersetin, KC-SM
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引用次数: 0
Adsorpsi Logam Ni dan Cu pada Limbah Cair Laboratorium Kimia menggunakan Biosorben Batang Jagung Termodifikasi Asam Sitrat 金属内psi和化学废弃物实验室的铜,使用玉米棒生物降解酸
Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.18860/al.v7i1.7933
Eny Yulianti, Rif'atul Mahmudah, Ainul Ma’rifah, Ulal Azmiyani
Corn stalk contains 40-50% cellulose, 20-40% hemicellulose, 4-15% lignin which had potential as biosorbent in binding metal ions. In this study, demineralization and modification by adding citric acid (1.5 M and 2 M) of corn stalk were conducted to convert hydroxyl groups into carboxylic. Then, it was analyzed its functional groups using Boehm titration and FTIR. The modified corn stalk was applied directly to chemical laboratory liquid waste which contains multicomponent of heavy metal ions. By modifying the corn stalk, the number of hydroxyl and carboxylic groups increased, but the number of lactone group was constant. The success of the modification was characterized by the appearance of ester uptake at 1734 cm-1 and increased adsorption ability. The variations in the concentration of citric acid in modification corn stalk showed that biosorbent with addition 1.5 M citric acid had higher in the number of acid site than addition 2 M citric acid to absorb Ni and Cu.  Keywords: Corn stalk, citric acid, biosorbent, functional group  Batang jagung mengandung sekitar 40-50% selulosa, 20-40% hemiselulosa, 4-15% lignin yang berpotensi sebagai biosorben pengikat ion logam. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan demineralisasi dan modifikasi dengan penambahan asam sitrat (1,5 M dan 2 M) untuk mengubah gugus hidroksil pada selulosa membentuk karboksilat. Selanjutnya, dianalisis gugus fungsinya menggunakan titrasi Boehm dan FTIR. Hasil modifikasi diaplikasikan langsung pada limbah cair laboratorium kimia yang mengandung banyak jenis ion logam berat. Biosorben batang jagung setelah dimodifikasi mengalami peningkatan jumlah gugus fungsi hidroksil dan karboksilat, tetapi gugus lakton tetap. Keberhasilan modifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya serapan ester pada 1734 cm-1 dan peningkatan kemampuan adsorpsi. Dari hasil variasi konsentrasi asam sitrat diperoleh informasi bahwa biosorben dengan penambahan asam sitrat 1,5 M mempunyai situs asam lebih tinggi dan mempunyai kemampuan adsorpsi terhadap ion logam Ni dan Cu lebih besar dibanding penambahan asam sitrat 2 M. Kata kunci:  Batang jagung, asam sitrat, biosorben, gugus fungsi
玉米秸秆中纤维素含量为40 ~ 50%,半纤维素含量为20 ~ 40%,木质素含量为4 ~ 15%,具有吸附金属离子的潜力。本研究对玉米秸秆进行脱矿和柠檬酸(1.5 M和2 M)改性,使羟基转化为羧基。然后用Boehm滴定法和FTIR对其官能团进行分析。将改性玉米秸秆直接应用于含多种重金属离子的化学实验室废液中。对玉米秸秆进行改性后,其羟基和羧基数量增加,内酯基数量保持不变。改性成功的特点是在1734 cm-1处出现酯吸收,吸附能力增强。改性玉米秸秆中柠檬酸浓度的变化表明,添加1.5 M柠檬酸的生物吸附剂比添加2 M柠檬酸的生物吸附剂吸收Ni和Cu的酸位点数量要多。关键词:玉米秸秆,柠檬酸,生物吸附剂,官能团巴唐加贡,孟山东,木质素40-50% selulosa, 20-40%半selulosa, 4-15%木质素yang berpotensi sebagai biosoren pengikat ion logamPada penelitian ini dilakukan demineralisasi dan modifikasi dengan penambahan asam sitat (1,5 M至2 M) untuk mengubah gugus hidroksil Pada selulosa membentuk karboksilat。【关键词】FTIR;真菌;真菌;杨孟雄,杨孟雄,杨孟雄,杨孟雄。Biosorben batang jagung setelah dimodifikasi mengalami peningkatan jumlah gugus fungus hidroksil dan karboksilat, tetapi gugus lakton tetap。Keberhasilan modifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya serapan酯paas 1734 cm-1,但peningkatan kemapan吸附。1,5 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M. M
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引用次数: 0
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak n-Heksana, Etil Asetat, Metanol Daun dan Akar Bakau Merah (Rhyzophora stylosa) dengan Metode DPPH 用DPPH方法测试n-Heksana提取物、乙基乙醇、甲醇叶和红红树林根的抗氧化活性
Pub Date : 2019-03-31 DOI: 10.18860/al.v7i1.7934
Ahmad Hanapi, A. Fasya, Abdan Syakuro
Red mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa) is one of the mangrove species which is abundance in the coast of Java. The mangrove contains a lot of active compounds that is potent as antioxidant. The objective of this study was to determine antioxidant activity of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extract of red mangrove leaves and roots using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. Active compound extraction of red mangrove is conducted by gradual maceration. According to phytochemical analysis, crude root extract showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids, while crude leave extract showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. EC50 value of methanol extract from red mangrove leaves and roots was 5.01 and 2.55 ppm, respectively, whilst of ethyl acetate extracts from red mangrove leaves and roots was 89.94 and 8.51 ppm, respectively. Crude extract n-hexane has antioxidant activity 33.14 ppm (EC50). Roots and leaves extracts have high activity of antioxidant. Keywords: Antioxidant, red mangrove, DPPH method  Bakau merah (Rhizophora stylosa) merupakan salah satu spesies bakau yang keberadaannya sangat melimpah di pesisir pantai Pulau Jawa dan mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan ekstrak n-heksana, etil-asetat, metanol pada akar dan daun bakau merah menggunakan metode DPPH. Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada akar dan daun dilakukan dengan metode maserasi bertingkat menggunakan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Ekstrak kasar dilakukan uji fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil pengujian fitokimia dari ekstrak kasar akar menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid, sedangkan ekstrak kasar daun menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Nilai EC50 (Efficient Concentration) ekstrak metanol daun dan akar berturut-turut sebesar 5,01 dan 2,55 ppm, sedangkan ekstrak etil-asetat daun dan akar berturut-turut sebesar 89,94 dan 8,51 ppm. Adapun ekstrak n-heksana daun menghasilkan nilai EC50 sebesar 33,14 ppm. Ekstrak akar dan daun bakau merah memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Kata kunci: Antioksidan, bakau merah, metode DPPH
红红树(Rhizophora stylosa)是爪哇海岸最丰富的红树种类之一。红树林含有大量的活性化合物,是有效的抗氧化剂。本研究采用DPPH(1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰肼)法测定红树叶和根的正己烷、乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性。红红树活性化合物的提取采用逐渐浸渍法。植物化学分析表明,根粗提取物中含有黄酮类化合物、单宁类化合物和甾体/三萜;叶粗提取物中含有生物碱、黄酮类化合物、单宁类化合物、皂苷类化合物和甾体/三萜。红红树叶和根甲醇提取物的EC50值分别为5.01和2.55 ppm,而红红树叶和根乙酸乙酯提取物的EC50值分别为89.94和8.51 ppm。粗提物正己烷的抗氧化活性为33.14 ppm (EC50)。根、叶提取物具有较高的抗氧化活性。关键词:抗氧化剂,红树,DPPH法,茎尖根茎草,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物,木本植物Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktifitas antioksidan ekstrak n-heksana, etil-asetat, metada akar dan和bakau merah menggunakan medpph。Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada akar danan和dilakakan dengan方法maserasi bertingkat menggunakan和heksana,直到一种甲醇。研究了DPPH(1,1-异芬尼-2-吡拉西嗪)的作用。Hasil pengujian fitokimia dari ekstrak kasar akar menunjukkan adanya senyawa类黄酮、单宁、丹甾/三萜,sedangkan ekstrak kasar dawan menunjukkan adanya生物碱、类黄酮、丹宁、皂苷、丹甾/三萜。汝EC50(有效浓度)ekstrak metanol daun丹akar berturut-turut sebesar 5日01丹2,55 ppm,而ekstrak etil-asetat daun丹akar berturut-turut sebesar 89, 94丹8,51 ppm。适应环境与环境的关系,如:EC50 sebesar 33,14 ppm。杨廷基说:“我不知道我是谁。”Kata kunci: Antioksidan, bakau merah, mede DPPH
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引用次数: 1
Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/Zeolite Synthesized using Sol-Gel Method 溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/沸石的结构和光催化性能
Pub Date : 2019-03-30 DOI: 10.18860/al.v7i1.8168
N. Aini, Fahmi Eksa Sagita, Khoridatud Diyanah, A. Arifah, S. N. Chasanah, A. Prasetyo

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is supported into natural zeolite to enhance its photocatalytic activity. TiO2/zeolite is synthesized using sol-gel method at composition ratio of 5:95; 10:90; 20:80 and 30:70%. Structural properties are measured by X-ray diffraction showed TiO2/zeolite in various composition has characteristic of anatase and modernite phase. The energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization shows TiO2/zeolite containing Ti element which indicates that TiO2is successfully supported into natural zeolite. Vibration mode of Infrared and Raman spectra tend shifted to higher wavenumber as increasing of TiO2 content indicating the higher energy vibration due to molecular interaction between TiO2 and zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test toward methylene blue degradation shows that TiO2/zeolite has higher activity than TiO2 and zeolite itself.

Keywords: Photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, zeolite

将二氧化钛(TiO2)负载到天然沸石中,以提高其光催化活性。采用溶胶-凝胶法合成TiO2/沸石,组成比为5:95;10:90;20:80和30:70。x射线衍射测定了不同组成的TiO2/沸石具有锐钛矿和现代石相的特征。能谱表征表明TiO2/沸石中含有Ti元素,表明TiO2被成功负载到天然沸石中。随着TiO2含量的增加,红外和拉曼光谱的振动模式向更高的波数偏移,表明TiO2与沸石之间的分子相互作用导致了更高的能量振动。对亚甲基蓝降解的光催化活性测试表明,TiO2/沸石比TiO2和沸石本身具有更高的光催化活性。关键词:光催化剂,二氧化钛,沸石
{"title":"Structural and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2/Zeolite Synthesized using Sol-Gel Method","authors":"N. Aini, Fahmi Eksa Sagita, Khoridatud Diyanah, A. Arifah, S. N. Chasanah, A. Prasetyo","doi":"10.18860/al.v7i1.8168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v7i1.8168","url":null,"abstract":"<p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) is supported into natural zeolite to enhance its photocatalytic activity. TiO<sub>2</sub>/zeolite is synthesized using sol-gel method at composition ratio of 5:95; 10:90; 20:80 and 30:70%. Structural properties are measured by X-ray diffraction showed TiO<sub>2</sub>/zeolite in various composition has characteristic of anatase and modernite phase. The energy dispersive spectroscopy characterization shows TiO<sub>2</sub>/zeolite containing Ti element which indicates that TiO<sub>2</sub><sub>i</sub>s successfully supported into natural zeolite<sub>. </sub>Vibration mode of Infrared and Raman spectra tend shifted to higher wavenumber as increasing of TiO<sub>2</sub> content indicating the higher energy vibration due to molecular interaction between TiO<sub>2</sub> and zeolite. Photocatalytic activity test toward methylene blue degradation shows that TiO<sub>2</sub>/zeolite has higher activity than TiO<sub>2</sub> and zeolite itself.</p><p class=\"BodyAbstract\">Keywords: Photocatalyst, titanium dioxide, zeolite<em></em></p>","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79586382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pemisahan Senyawa Aktif Fraksi Petroleum Eter dan Etil Asetat Hasil Hidrolisis Ekstrak Etanol Hydrilla verticillata dari Ranu Grati Pasuruan
Pub Date : 2018-12-30 DOI: 10.18860/AL.V6I2.7014
Suci Amalia, A. Fasya, Faiqotul Hasanah, Dewi Yuliani

Hydrilla verticillata is one of water plants that has some bioactivities. The presence of secondary metabolites in H. verticillata is responsible for the bioactivity. The purpose of this study was to determine and separate bioactive compounds from fraction of petroleum ether (PE) and ethyl acetate (EA) as a result of hydrolysis of H. verticillata ethanol extract. H. verticillata was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent, hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid and partitioned respectively with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Crude ethanol extract, PE and EA fraction were identified their secondary metabolites. The phytochemical test results showed H. verticillata ethanol extract containing alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids. PE fraction contained steroids and terpenoids, while EA fraction contained flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Analytical thin layer chromatography analysis showed n-hexane : ethyl acetate (4: 1) eluent as the best mobile phase for separating steroids. The preparative thin layer chromatography analysis of H. verticillata fraction using n-hexane : ethyl acetate (8: 2) as mobile phase resulted in 17 and 14 spots of PE and EA fractions, respectively.

Keywords: Hydrilla verticillata, thin layer chromatography, phytochemicals

 

Hydrilla verticillata merupakan salah satu tanaman air yang banyak memiliki bioaktivitas. Adanya metabolit sekunder pada H. verticillata yang bertanggung jawab terhadap bioaktivitas ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memisahkan senyawa aktif dari fraksi petroleum eter (PE) dan etil asetat (EA) hasil hidrolisis ekstrak etanol H. verticillata. Ekstrak diperoleh dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol, dihidrolisis dengan asam klorida dan dipartisi masing-masing dengan petroleum eter dan etil asetat. Ekstrak kasar etanol, fraksi PE dan EA diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanolH. verticillata mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Fraksi PE mengandung steroid dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi EA mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan triterpenoid. Hasil analisis KLTA menunjukkan eluen n-heksana : etil asetat (4:1) sebagai fasa gerak terbaik untuk memisahkan steroid.Hasil analisis KLTP fraksi H. verticillatamenggunakan perbandingan fasa gerak n-heksana : etil asetat (8:2) menghasilkan spot fraksi PE dan EA berturut-turut sebanyak 17 dan 14 spot.

Kata Kunci: Hydrilla verticillata, kromatografi lapis tipis, uji fitokimia

水螅是一种具有一定生物活性的水生植物。其次生代谢物的存在是其生物活性的主要原因。本研究的目的是测定和分离荆芥乙醇提取物的水解产物石油醚(PE)和乙酸乙酯(EA)的活性成分。采用乙醇浸渍法提取,盐酸水解,分别用石油醚和乙酸乙酯进行分割。鉴定了粗乙醇提取物、PE和EA部分的次生代谢产物。植物化学试验结果表明,黄芪乙醇提取物含有生物碱类化合物、黄酮类化合物、单宁类化合物、皂苷类化合物、三萜化合物和甾体化合物。PE馏分含有甾体和萜类化合物,EA馏分含有黄酮类化合物、甾体和三萜类化合物。薄层色谱分析表明,正己烷:乙酸乙酯(4:1)洗脱液是甾体分离的最佳流动相。以正己烷:乙酸乙酯(8:2)为流动相进行制备薄层色谱分析,PE和EA组分分别有17个和14个斑点。关键词:水螅,薄层色谱,植物化学成分,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅,水螅Adanya在紫花菌H. verticillata yang bertanggung jawab下的代谢活性研究。图juan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan memisahkan senyawa aktif - fraksi petroleum eter (PE) and etil asetat (EA) hasil hidrolisis ekstrak etol H. verticillata。【关键词】乙醇,乙醇,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮,丙酮。Ekstrak kasar乙醇,fraksi PE和EA diuji kandungan代谢sekunderya。日本,日本,日本,日本,日本。黄斑草中有生物碱、黄酮类、单宁、皂苷、三萜、丹甾。孟孟冬甾体PE,孟孟冬甾体EA,孟孟冬黄酮类,甾体,丹三萜。Hasil分析KLTA menunjukkan eluen n-heksana: til asetat (4:1) sebagai fasa gerak terbaik untuk memisahkan甾体。Hasil分析KLTP fraksi H. verticillatamenggunakan perbandingan和fasa gerak n . heksana: etil asetat (8:2) menghasilkan斑点fraksi PE . eah berturut-turut sebanyak 17丹14斑点。卡塔昆慈:水螅、青金石、青金石
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引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol 90% terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid (MDA) dan Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Mencit Tikus yang Dipapar Asap Rokok
Pub Date : 2018-11-21 DOI: 10.18860/al.v6i1.5018
Sutrisno Adi Prayitno, Joni Kusnadi, Erni Sofia Muritni
Cigarette smoke is a source of free radicals which cause human body organs damage when it is exposed. Cigarette smoke as a medium that causes oxidative stress that has the potential to cause oxidative damage. In addition, cigarette smoke also has potency to reduce SOD (Superoxide dismutase) levels and increase MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels especially in lung tissue. To control or prevent the presence of free radicals in the body, antioxidant compounds are needed by the body. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of the extract of red betle on SOD and MDA content of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Red betle was extracted by maceration using ethanol. The exposed mice were treated with red betle extract for 14 days. Lung tissue of the mice was analyzed SOD and MDA conentrations. The results showed that SOD levels tend to increase and decrease MDA levels in mice test animals exposed to cigarette smoke. The optimal dose to decrease MDA levels and increase SOD is 230.4 mg/g weight/day. Histopatology result showed there is different figure of lung tissue (alveoli) before and after red betle extract treatment. Asap rokok adalah sumber radikal bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar. Asap rokok sebagai media penyebab terjadinya stress oksidatif yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan oksidatif. Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotensi dalam menurukan kadar SOD  (Superoksida Dismutase) dan meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama pada jaringan paru. Untuk mengendalikan atau mencegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah terhadap kadar SOD dan MDA mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Daun sirih merah diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi. Mencit yang telah dipapar asap rokok diberi perlakuan ekstrak selama 14 hari. Jaringan paru-paru dianalisis kadar MDA dan SOD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dan kadar MDA mengalami penurunan pada hewan uji mencit yang dipapar asap rokok. Dosis yang paling optimal untuk menurunkan kadar MDA dan menaikan SOD adalah dosis 230,4 mg/g bb/hari. Hasil histopatologi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan gambaran jaringan paru-paru (alveoli) sebelum dan setelah perlakuan ekstrak. 
香烟烟雾是自由基的来源,当它暴露时,会导致人体器官损伤。香烟烟雾作为引起氧化应激的媒介,有可能导致氧化损伤。此外,香烟烟雾还具有降低超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平和增加丙二醛(MDA)水平的功效,尤其是在肺组织中。为了控制或防止体内自由基的存在,身体需要抗氧化化合物。本研究的目的是了解赤鳖提取物对暴露于香烟烟雾的小鼠SOD和MDA含量的影响。采用乙醇浸渍法提取赤天牛。暴露小鼠用赤鳖提取物治疗14天。测定小鼠肺组织中SOD和MDA的浓度。结果表明,暴露于香烟烟雾的小鼠实验动物中,SOD水平有升高和降低MDA水平的趋势。降低MDA水平和提高SOD水平的最佳剂量为230.4 mg/g体重/天。组织病理学结果显示,赤贝提取物处理前后肺组织(肺泡)形态不同。Asap rokok adalah number radial bebas yang dapat mengakibatkan rusaknya organ dalam tubuh manusia apabila terpapar。日本媒体报道称,日本媒体强调日本是“潜在的大国”,日本是“潜在的大国”。Selain itu, asap rokok juga berpotentisi dalam menuukan kadar SOD (Superoksida Dismutase)和meningkatkan kadar MDA (Malondialdehida) terutama padjaringan paru。Untuk mengendalikan atau menegah adanya radikal bebas ke dalam tubuh maka senyawa antioksidan dibutuhkan oleh tubuh。Tujuan penelitian adalah adalah mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol dauh sihih merah terhadap kadar SOD和MDA menmenit yang dipapar asap rokok。丹斯里希·梅拉·梅斯拉克·蒙古纳克·梅托德·玛莎拉西。中国日报网2014-10-14 09:29jingan paru-paru - dianalis kadar MDA dan SOD。Hasil penelitian menunjukan kadar SOD cenderung mengalami peningkatan dankadar MDA mengalami penurunan patan hewan menunjukan yang dipapa asap rokok。剂量为230mg /g /hari,最佳剂量为MDA和SOD。组织病理学研究:脑脊液、脑脊液、肺泡、脑脊液和脑脊液。
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引用次数: 0
Variasi Diameter Kolom dan Rasio Sampel-Silika pada Isolasi Steroid dan Triterpenoid Alga Merah Eucheuma cottonii dengan Kromatografi Kolom Basah 胶体直径和硅藻比的分离类固醇和脱氧核糖核酸红藻与湿色谱谱分析
Pub Date : 2018-10-30 DOI: 10.18860/al.v6i2.7015
A. Fasya, Ariska Purwaning Tyas, F. Mubarokah, Rachmawati Ningsih, A. D. R. Madjid
Optimizing steroid and triterpenes isolation from red algae Eucheuma cottonii was done using column chromatography by varying of column diameter (1, 1.5 and 2 cm) and a ratio of sample : silica (1:50, 1:100, and 1:150). Active compound of E. cottonii was extracted by maceration with methanol. Then, the extract was hydrolyzed using HCl 2 N and partitioned with petroleum ether. The extract after partitioned was separated using wet column chromatography. The result of separation was monitored using analytical thin layer chromatography (Analytical TLC) and identified using FTIR. The best separation was aimed using diameter column 1 cm and a ratio of sample : silica 1:150. Based on FTIR analysis, the steroid from extract had a functional group –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, and C-OH alcohol and the triterpenoid from extract had a functional group –OH, C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 and C-OH alcohol.Keywords: E. cottonii, column chromatography, steroid, triterpenoid, column size, sample : gel silica ratio  Optimasi isolasi senyawa steroid dan triterpenoid dalam alga merah Euchema cottonii telah dilakukan menggunakan kromatografi kolom dengan variasi diameter kolom (1; 1,5; dan 2 cm) dan rasio sampel : silika (1:50; 1:100; dan 1:150). Ekstraksi senyawa aktif pada E. cottonii dilakukan dengan maserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Ekstrak pekat metanol dihidrolisis menggunakan HCl 2 N dan dipartisi dengan petroleum eter. Hasil pemisahan dimonitoring menggunakan KLTA dan diidentifikasi menggunakan FTIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemisahan kromatografi kolom terbaik diperoleh dengan variasi diameter 1 cm dan variasi rasion sampel : silika 1:150. Hasil analisis senyawa steroid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, -C(CH3)2, dan C-OH alkohol, sedangkan senyawa triterpenoid memberikan informasi gugus –OH, –C–H, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2 dan C-OH alkohol.Kata Kunci: E. cottonii, kromatografi kolom, steroid, triterpenoid, ukuran kolom, rasio sampel : silika gel
采用柱层析法,通过改变柱径(1、1.5和2 cm)和样品与二氧化硅的比例(1:50、1:100和1:150),对赤藻真棉中甾体和三萜的分离进行优化。采用甲醇浸渍法提取棉草的活性成分。然后用盐酸水解提取液,用石油醚对提取液进行分馏。分离后的提取液采用湿柱色谱法进行分离。用分析薄层色谱法(TLC)监测分离结果,并用FTIR进行鉴定。柱径为1cm,样品与二氧化硅的比为1:150,分离效果最佳。FTIR分析表明,提取液中的甾体具有-OH、-C - h、C=O、-C(CH3)2和C-OH醇的官能团;提取液中的三萜具有-OH、-C - h、C=O、C=C、-C(CH3)2和C-OH醇的官能团。关键词:棉草,柱层析,甾体,三萜,柱尺寸,样品:凝胶-二氧化硅比;1、5;丹2厘米)丹拉西奥样品:硅胶(1:50;1:10 0;丹1:15)。【关键词】紫杉醇;紫杉醇;紫杉醇;甲醇二元化蒙古那坎盐酸二元化丹根石油计。哈西尔·派米沙汗监测孟古纳坎KLTA和鉴别孟古纳坎FTIR。Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pesmiahan kromatografi kolom terbaik diperoleh dengan variasi直径1 cm丹variasi样品:硅1:150。Hasil分析了senyawa甾类化合物-OH, -C - h, C=O, -C(CH3)2,和C-OH醇,sedangkan senyawa三萜化合物-OH, -C - h, C=O, C=C, -C(CH3)2和C-OH醇。卡塔昆奇:棉草,红草,甾体,三萜,乌库兰,硅胶
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引用次数: 2
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Alchemy Journal of Chemistry
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