The growing poultry consumption rate yearly includes chicken with significantly increased amounts of by-products like skin and bones. Chicken bones are unused properly even if the bone is rich in collagen which is the primary material to produce gelatin. Gelatin usually is generated by bovine and porcine, but some health and religious issues have successfully forbid using both resources. Chicken bones could be an alternative material for gelatin production. This research aimed to investigate chicken bones as a substitute resource for gelatin manufacturing using hydrochloric acid submersion in collaboration with multi-stage thermal treatment. Chicken bones were proceeded in several steps such as degreasing, decontamination, resizing, demineralization using a hydrochloric acid immersion (1.50, 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00% v/v) for 24 and 48 hours, addition gelatin extraction using multi-stages thermal process (55, 65, and 75°C) for 4 hours each temperature subsequentially, evaporating, drying, and shaping a gelatin powder. This study produced type A gelatin which investigated yield number, moisture and ash content, gel strength, acidity level, and functional group using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The sample gelatin has obtained at least 2% up to 8% yields. The moisture and ash contents were suitable to the commercial specification range, 4-12%, and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. The acid conditioning process has an impact on acidity with pH levels 4.40-5.44. Based on gelatin standards, this study declared that processing chicken bones using 6.00% hydrochloric acid submersion for 24 hours was optimal for gelatin extraction. Those optimal condition has formed gelatin with more than 8% yields. It was considered great gelatin with 260.57 g Bloom of gel strength and 90.18% of emulsion stability. Sample gelatin has a quite reasonable acidity level at 4.5. Protein structures confirmation using the vibration of the best gelatin sample has also shown essential components such as O-H, N-H, and C=O on the FTIR spectrum.Keywords: chicken bones (Gallus domesticus), hydrochloric acid immersion, gel strength, emulsion stability, FTIR spectroscopy
{"title":"Optimization Chicken Bones Gelatin Extraction Using Hydrochloric Acid Immersion and Multi-Stage Thermal Treatment","authors":"Deva Krisna Kadarani, A. Jannah","doi":"10.18860/al.v10i1.13372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v10i1.13372","url":null,"abstract":"The growing poultry consumption rate yearly includes chicken with significantly increased amounts of by-products like skin and bones. Chicken bones are unused properly even if the bone is rich in collagen which is the primary material to produce gelatin. Gelatin usually is generated by bovine and porcine, but some health and religious issues have successfully forbid using both resources. Chicken bones could be an alternative material for gelatin production. This research aimed to investigate chicken bones as a substitute resource for gelatin manufacturing using hydrochloric acid submersion in collaboration with multi-stage thermal treatment. Chicken bones were proceeded in several steps such as degreasing, decontamination, resizing, demineralization using a hydrochloric acid immersion (1.50, 3.00, 4.50, and 6.00% v/v) for 24 and 48 hours, addition gelatin extraction using multi-stages thermal process (55, 65, and 75°C) for 4 hours each temperature subsequentially, evaporating, drying, and shaping a gelatin powder. This study produced type A gelatin which investigated yield number, moisture and ash content, gel strength, acidity level, and functional group using Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The sample gelatin has obtained at least 2% up to 8% yields. The moisture and ash contents were suitable to the commercial specification range, 4-12%, and 0.1-0.4%, respectively. The acid conditioning process has an impact on acidity with pH levels 4.40-5.44. Based on gelatin standards, this study declared that processing chicken bones using 6.00% hydrochloric acid submersion for 24 hours was optimal for gelatin extraction. Those optimal condition has formed gelatin with more than 8% yields. It was considered great gelatin with 260.57 g Bloom of gel strength and 90.18% of emulsion stability. Sample gelatin has a quite reasonable acidity level at 4.5. Protein structures confirmation using the vibration of the best gelatin sample has also shown essential components such as O-H, N-H, and C=O on the FTIR spectrum.Keywords: chicken bones (Gallus domesticus), hydrochloric acid immersion, gel strength, emulsion stability, FTIR spectroscopy","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"330 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82933311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Sukandar, N. Artanti, I. Purwanti, T. Rudiana, Fitriyanti Fitriyanti
Indonesia has the largest and most biodiverse coral reef in the world. Colt coral has not been studied and explored especially endophytic fungi associated with the coral. Endophytic fungi are highly potential for the production of antioxidant and anticancer compounds. This research aimed to study the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of fermentation extract from endophytic fungi from colt coral. Filtrate and mycelium extracts were obtained from static and shake fermentations of isolate SKF 15. Antioxidant and cytotoxic assays were conducted by free radical scavenger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AlamarBlue methods, respectively. The result showed that FD extract provided the highest antioxidant activity with inhibition of 49.36% at 200 ppm of DPPH. Variation of fermentation time (3-21 days) demonstrated the highest activity with inhibition of 66.97% for antioxidant assay (7 days) and 81.13% for cytotoxic assay (3 days). FTIR analysis presented the existence of hydroxyl groups O-H (3452.58 cm-1), C=C groups (1668.43 cm-1); C-O hydroxyl group (1230.58 cm -1), and C-H sp3 groups (2941.44 cm-1). Based on LC-MS analysis, FD extract has a mass of m/z 305.63, [M+H]+, predicted as dihydroquercetin (C15H24O7). Keywords: Antioxidant assay, cytotoxic assay, endophytic fungi, colt coral, DPPH method, AlamarBlue method
{"title":"Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Activities of the Fermentation Extract of the Endophytic Fungi from the Marine Biota of Colt Coral","authors":"D. Sukandar, N. Artanti, I. Purwanti, T. Rudiana, Fitriyanti Fitriyanti","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i2.11899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i2.11899","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia has the largest and most biodiverse coral reef in the world. Colt coral has not been studied and explored especially endophytic fungi associated with the coral. Endophytic fungi are highly potential for the production of antioxidant and anticancer compounds. This research aimed to study the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of fermentation extract from endophytic fungi from colt coral. Filtrate and mycelium extracts were obtained from static and shake fermentations of isolate SKF 15. Antioxidant and cytotoxic assays were conducted by free radical scavenger 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and AlamarBlue methods, respectively. The result showed that FD extract provided the highest antioxidant activity with inhibition of 49.36% at 200 ppm of DPPH. Variation of fermentation time (3-21 days) demonstrated the highest activity with inhibition of 66.97% for antioxidant assay (7 days) and 81.13% for cytotoxic assay (3 days). FTIR analysis presented the existence of hydroxyl groups O-H (3452.58 cm-1), C=C groups (1668.43 cm-1); C-O hydroxyl group (1230.58 cm -1), and C-H sp3 groups (2941.44 cm-1). Based on LC-MS analysis, FD extract has a mass of m/z 305.63, [M+H]+, predicted as dihydroquercetin (C15H24O7). Keywords: Antioxidant assay, cytotoxic assay, endophytic fungi, colt coral, DPPH method, AlamarBlue method","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73196276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isnaini Nurhidayati, Endang Tri Wahyuni, N. H. Aprilita, Sarwendah Ratnawati Hermanto
This study performed the synthesis of sodium silicate from the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud with various stirring time in the sodium silicate synthesis process. Synthesis of sodium silicate was carried out using alkaline extraction at low temperature. This method is based on the solubility of silica under alkaline conditions and is proven to be more effective than the smelting method. The dissolution of silica contained in the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud was carried out using NaOH solution to form a Na2SiO3 solution. This process also studied the effect of stirring time on the amount of dissolved silica, with the stirring time of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 and 4 hours. The dissolved silica levels were tested using AAS. The amount of dissolved silica increased sharply with the longer length of stirring time, however for a stirring time of more than 2.5 hours, the dissolution was slow. The study revealed that the optimal result time was obtained from the stirring time of 2.5 hours with dissolved silica content of 19.82%. Keywords: volcanic ash, silica, sodium silicate, stirring time
{"title":"Effect of Stirring Time on Sodium Silicate Synthesis From Mount Kelud Volcanic Ash","authors":"Isnaini Nurhidayati, Endang Tri Wahyuni, N. H. Aprilita, Sarwendah Ratnawati Hermanto","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i2.12600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i2.12600","url":null,"abstract":"This study performed the synthesis of sodium silicate from the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud with various stirring time in the sodium silicate synthesis process. Synthesis of sodium silicate was carried out using alkaline extraction at low temperature. This method is based on the solubility of silica under alkaline conditions and is proven to be more effective than the smelting method. The dissolution of silica contained in the volcanic ash of Mount Kelud was carried out using NaOH solution to form a Na2SiO3 solution. This process also studied the effect of stirring time on the amount of dissolved silica, with the stirring time of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3 and 4 hours. The dissolved silica levels were tested using AAS. The amount of dissolved silica increased sharply with the longer length of stirring time, however for a stirring time of more than 2.5 hours, the dissolution was slow. The study revealed that the optimal result time was obtained from the stirring time of 2.5 hours with dissolved silica content of 19.82%. Keywords: volcanic ash, silica, sodium silicate, stirring time","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80156091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anting-anting plant (Acalypha indica L.) is a plant that the community has used as raw material for herbal medicine. Anting-anting plants contain chemical compounds, so it is difficult to ensure these plants' safety and quality control. The research objective was to validate the method by knowing the stability, specificity, precision, and rigidity of the chromatographic profile of alkaloid compounds in the TLC analysis of the anting-anting extract. Extraction was carried out using ethyl acetate solvent for 20 minutes with a frequency of 42 kHz. The eluent used is cyclohexane: toluene: diethylamine (75:15:10) with Dragendorff reagent. The method of validation was acceptable according to the criteria except for the stability test of the analyte during chromatography. The instability of the analyte is indicated that not all spots form a straight diagonal line. The specificity of the method was carried out by comparing the fingerprint patterns of the leaves of the anting-anting with ekor kucing (Acalypha hibsida Farm.) and teh-tehan plants (Acalypha siamensis). The fingerprint profile showed a yellow stain (Rf = 0.39) on the leaves of the anting-anting, which did not appear in the fingerprint profiles of the two comparison samples. Keywords: anting-anting, fingerprint analysis, thin layer chromatography, method validation Anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) merupakan tanaman yang telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan baku obat herbal. Anting-anting mengandung banyak senyawa kimia sehingga sulit menjamin keamanan dan pengendalian mutu dari tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk validasi metode dengan mengetahui kestabilan, spesifitas, presisi, dan ketegaran profil kromatografi senyawa alkaloid pada analisis KLT ekstrak anting-anting. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat selama 20 menit dengan frekuensi 42 kHz. Eluen yang digunakan adalah sikloheksana : toluena : dietilamin (75:15:10) dengan reagen Dragendorff. Validasi metode dapat diterima sesuai kriteria kecuali uji stabilitas analit selama kromatografi. Ketidakstabilan analit ditunjukkan dengan seluruh noda yang dihasilkan tidak membentuk garis diagonal yang lurus. Spesifitas pada metode dilakukan dengan membandingkan pola sidik jari daun anting-anting dengan daun ekor kucing (Acalypha hibsida Farm) dan daun teh-tehan (Acalypha siamensis). Profil sidik jari menunjukkan bahwa terdapat noda berwarna kuning kehijauan (Rf = 0,39) pada daun anting-anting yang tidak muncul pada profil sidik jari kedua sampel pembanding tersebut. Kata kunci: anting-anting, analisis sidik jari, kromatografi lapis tipis, validasi metode
安亭-安亭(Acalypha indica L.)是一种被用作草药原料的植物。蚂蚁植物含有化学成分，因此难以保证其安全性和质量控制。研究目的是通过了解蚂蚁提取物TLC分析中生物碱类化合物色谱谱图的稳定性、特异性、精密度和刚性来验证该方法。用乙酸乙酯溶剂提取20分钟，提取频率为42 kHz。采用Dragendorff试剂，以环己烷:甲苯:二乙胺(75:15:10)为洗脱液。除色谱中分析物的稳定性试验外，验证方法符合标准。分析物的不稳定性表明，并非所有的斑点都形成一条直的对角线。通过将该方法的特异性与木犀草(Acalypha hibsida Farm.)和木犀草(Acalypha siamensis .)叶片的指纹图谱进行比较。指纹图谱显示，蚂蚁叶片上有一个黄色斑点(Rf = 0.39)，这在两个比较样品的指纹图谱中都没有出现。关键词:安定宁，指纹图谱分析，薄层色谱法，方法验证。安亭，安亭，孟山东，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树，菩提树。Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk验证方法，dengan mengetahui kestalan，种，presisi, ketegaran剖面色谱，senyawa生物碱谱分析KLT谱分析。Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut直到一段时间内，频率为42千赫。Eluen yang digunakan adalah sikloheksana:甲苯:维生素d (75:15:10)建立了一种有效的方法，建立了双稳态稳态标准，并对其稳定性进行了分析。Ketidakstabilan analit ditunjukkan dengan seluruh noda yang dihasilkan tidak membentuk garis diagonal yang lurus。物种研究方法:dilakukan dengan membandingkan pola sidik jari dengan dengan ekor kucing (Acalypha hibsida Farm)和dandteh -tehan (Acalypha siamensis)。剖面图sidik jari menunjukkan bahwa terdapat noda berwarna kunning kehijauan (Rf = 0,39);剖面图jdik jari kedua样本;Kata kunci:蚂蚁、蚂蚁、分析、青金石、验证方法
{"title":"Analisis Sidik Jari Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Tanaman Anting-Anting (Acalypha indica L.)","authors":"Muhammad Teguh Laksono, Elok Kamilah Hayati","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i2.11613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i2.11613","url":null,"abstract":"Anting-anting plant (Acalypha indica L.) is a plant that the community has used as raw material for herbal medicine. Anting-anting plants contain chemical compounds, so it is difficult to ensure these plants' safety and quality control. The research objective was to validate the method by knowing the stability, specificity, precision, and rigidity of the chromatographic profile of alkaloid compounds in the TLC analysis of the anting-anting extract. Extraction was carried out using ethyl acetate solvent for 20 minutes with a frequency of 42 kHz. The eluent used is cyclohexane: toluene: diethylamine (75:15:10) with Dragendorff reagent. The method of validation was acceptable according to the criteria except for the stability test of the analyte during chromatography. The instability of the analyte is indicated that not all spots form a straight diagonal line. The specificity of the method was carried out by comparing the fingerprint patterns of the leaves of the anting-anting with ekor kucing (Acalypha hibsida Farm.) and teh-tehan plants (Acalypha siamensis). The fingerprint profile showed a yellow stain (Rf = 0.39) on the leaves of the anting-anting, which did not appear in the fingerprint profiles of the two comparison samples. Keywords: anting-anting, fingerprint analysis, thin layer chromatography, method validation Anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) merupakan tanaman yang telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan baku obat herbal. Anting-anting mengandung banyak senyawa kimia sehingga sulit menjamin keamanan dan pengendalian mutu dari tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk validasi metode dengan mengetahui kestabilan, spesifitas, presisi, dan ketegaran profil kromatografi senyawa alkaloid pada analisis KLT ekstrak anting-anting. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etil asetat selama 20 menit dengan frekuensi 42 kHz. Eluen yang digunakan adalah sikloheksana : toluena : dietilamin (75:15:10) dengan reagen Dragendorff. Validasi metode dapat diterima sesuai kriteria kecuali uji stabilitas analit selama kromatografi. Ketidakstabilan analit ditunjukkan dengan seluruh noda yang dihasilkan tidak membentuk garis diagonal yang lurus. Spesifitas pada metode dilakukan dengan membandingkan pola sidik jari daun anting-anting dengan daun ekor kucing (Acalypha hibsida Farm) dan daun teh-tehan (Acalypha siamensis). Profil sidik jari menunjukkan bahwa terdapat noda berwarna kuning kehijauan (Rf = 0,39) pada daun anting-anting yang tidak muncul pada profil sidik jari kedua sampel pembanding tersebut. Kata kunci: anting-anting, analisis sidik jari, kromatografi lapis tipis, validasi metode","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79709141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To date, essential oils still play an important role in various aspects of human life. Flowers are essential oil-producing plants that still need to be further explored, of which rose petals (Rosa hybrda L.) are an option for types of flowers that have the potential to produce economical essential oils. In this study, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was used as an essential oil extraction method, which is considered safe because it does not use heat energy and chemical solvents which can be considered to trigger a decrease in the quality of the oil extract. The optimum microwave power in this study is 560 Watt with a yield of 0.0124%. The difference in the value of the feed intake ratio to the volume of the distiller (F/D) influences yield, where the F/D value of 0.15 g/mL gives the highest yield value of 0.0145%. The result of the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis shows rose flower essential oil extract provided a profile of 12 compounds, of which three dominant compounds are β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, and nonadecane. Keywords: Extraction, rose flower petals, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), essential oils Hingga saat ini, minyak atsiri masih memegang peranan penting untuk berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Bunga-bungaan merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih lanjut, yang mana mahkota bunga mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) adalah satu opsi jenis bunga yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) sebagai metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri yang dinilai aman karena tidak menggunakan energi panas dan bahan pelarut kimia yang dapat dianggap memicu penurunan kualitas ekstrak minyak. Daya microwave optimum pada penelitian ini adalah 560 Watt dengan perolehan yield sebesar 0,0124%. Perbedaan nilai rasio feed masuk terhadap volume distiler (F/D) memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil rendemen, yang mana nilai F/D 0,15 g/mL memberikan nilai rendemen tertinggi sebesar 0,0145%. Hasil analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak minyak atsiri bunga mawar memberikan profil 12 senyawa dengan tiga senyawa dominan yaitu β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, dan nonadecane. Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, mahkota bunga mawar, solvent-free microwave extraction
时至今日，精油仍然在人类生活的各个方面发挥着重要作用。花是一种生产精油的植物，仍需要进一步探索，其中玫瑰花瓣(Rosa hybrda L.)是一种有潜力生产经济精油的花。在本研究中，采用无溶剂微波萃取(SFME)作为精油提取方法，该方法被认为是安全的，因为它不使用热能和化学溶剂，可能会导致油提取物的质量下降。本研究的最佳微波功率为560瓦，产率为0.0124%。采食量与蒸馏器容积的比值(F/D)的差异影响产量，其中F/D值为0.15 g/mL时产量最高，为0.0145%。气相色谱-质谱(GCMS)分析结果表明，玫瑰精油提取物中含有12种化合物，其中3种优势化合物为β-乙酸苯乙酯、2-异丙基-5-甲基-9-亚甲基-双环-1-癸烯和壬烷。关键词:萃取，玫瑰花瓣，无溶剂微波萃取(SFME)，香精油，紫荆花，紫荆花，紫荆花，紫荆花，紫荆花邦加-邦加- merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih lanjut, yang mana mahkota bunga mawar (Rosa hybrida L.) adalah satu opsi jenis bunga yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai经济。无溶剂微波萃取(SFME)法提取麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香，麝香麝香大亚微波最优功率为560瓦，产率为0.0124%。Perbedaan nilai饲料容积式蒸馏器(F/D)，成员kan pengaruh terhadap hasil - rendeman, yang mana nilai F/D 0,15 g/mL成员kan nilai rendener, sebesar 0,0145%。气相色谱-质谱法(GCMS)分析:12 senyawa dengan tiga senyawa dominan yaitu β-苯乙酸乙酯，2-异丙基-5-甲基-9-亚甲基-双环-1-癸烯，和十一烷。Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, mahkota bunga mawar，无溶剂微波萃取
{"title":"Ekstraksi Minyak Atsiri dari Bunga Mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) dengan Metode Solvent Free Microwave Extraction","authors":"Yuyun Yuniati, Saras Nurani Putri, Pradipta Risang Ratna Sambawa, Donny Satria Bhuana, Mahfud Mahfud","doi":"10.18860/AL.V9I2.11511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V9I2.11511","url":null,"abstract":"To date, essential oils still play an important role in various aspects of human life. Flowers are essential oil-producing plants that still need to be further explored, of which rose petals (Rosa hybrda L.) are an option for types of flowers that have the potential to produce economical essential oils. In this study, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) was used as an essential oil extraction method, which is considered safe because it does not use heat energy and chemical solvents which can be considered to trigger a decrease in the quality of the oil extract. The optimum microwave power in this study is 560 Watt with a yield of 0.0124%. The difference in the value of the feed intake ratio to the volume of the distiller (F/D) influences yield, where the F/D value of 0.15 g/mL gives the highest yield value of 0.0145%. The result of the Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) analysis shows rose flower essential oil extract provided a profile of 12 compounds, of which three dominant compounds are β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, and nonadecane. Keywords: Extraction, rose flower petals, solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), essential oils Hingga saat ini, minyak atsiri masih memegang peranan penting untuk berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Bunga-bungaan merupakan tanaman penghasil minyak atsiri yang masih perlu dieksplorasi lebih lanjut, yang mana mahkota bunga mawar (Rosa hybrda L.) adalah satu opsi jenis bunga yang berpotensi sebagai penghasil minyak atsiri bernilai ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini digunakan solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) sebagai metode ekstraksi minyak atsiri yang dinilai aman karena tidak menggunakan energi panas dan bahan pelarut kimia yang dapat dianggap memicu penurunan kualitas ekstrak minyak. Daya microwave optimum pada penelitian ini adalah 560 Watt dengan perolehan yield sebesar 0,0124%. Perbedaan nilai rasio feed masuk terhadap volume distiler (F/D) memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil rendemen, yang mana nilai F/D 0,15 g/mL memberikan nilai rendemen tertinggi sebesar 0,0145%. Hasil analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak minyak atsiri bunga mawar memberikan profil 12 senyawa dengan tiga senyawa dominan yaitu β-phenylethyl acetate, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-bicyclo-1-decene, dan nonadecane. Kata kunci: Ekstraksi, mahkota bunga mawar, solvent-free microwave extraction","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80383381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is a source of basic human needs. Clean water quality will affect environmental health and all activities in it. This study aimed to measure the quality of the water around beaches, rivers and swamps near settlements in Bengkulu City. The research location consisted of nine points with a radius of 0-2 km from the beach. Sampling was carried out using the stratified disproportional random sampling method with measured parameters including temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water turbidity. The method used in the data analysis is the STORET scoring system. The samples were tested using TDS and turbidity meter based on the Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Results of temperature measurement showed relatively stable values in the range of 29-30°C; TDS values were 53-565 mg/L and water turbidity levels ranged from 90.8 to 1938.1 NTU. Based on the results of the analysis using the STORET scoring system, the water quality status in the study area was included in the medium polluted category (score -15) of 3 test parameters (temperature, TDS and water turbidity). Keywords: Water quality, physical parameter, STORET method, Bengkulu City Air merupakan sumber kebutuhan dasar manusia. Kualitas air yang bersih akan mempengaruhi kesehatan lingkungan dan seluruh aktivitas didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kualitas air yang ada di sekitar pantai, sungai dan rawa dekat pemukiman di Kota Bengkulu. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 9 titik dengan radius 0-2 km dari pinggir pantai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stratified disproportional random sampling dengan parameter yang diukur diantaranya suhu, total dissolved solids (TDS) dan kekeruhan air. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data yaitu sistem penilaian STORET. Pengujian sampel dilakukan dengan TDS meter dan turbidity meter berbasis Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Hasil pengukuran suhu menunjukkan nilai yang relatif stabil dengan kisaran 29-30°C; nilai TDS antara 53-565 mg/L dan tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 90,8-1938,1 NTU. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan sistem penilaian STORET, status mutu air di wilayah penelitian termasuk pada kategori cemar sedang (skor -15) berdasarkan 3 parameter uji (suhu, TDS dan kekeruhan air). Kata kunci: Kualitas air, parameter fisika, metode STORET, Kota Bengkulu
水是人类基本需求的来源。清洁的水质将影响环境健康和在其中的一切活动。这项研究旨在测量明古鲁市定居点附近的海滩、河流和沼泽周围的水质。研究地点由9个点组成，距离海滩的半径为0-2公里。采用分层非比例随机抽样法进行采样，测量参数包括温度、总溶解固形物(TDS)和水浊度。在数据分析中使用的方法是STORET评分系统。使用基于Arduino Uno ATMega 328的TDS和浊度计对样品进行测试。测温结果在29 ~ 30℃范围内相对稳定;TDS值为53 ~ 565 mg/L，水浊度值为90.8 ~ 1938.1 NTU。根据STORET评分系统分析结果，研究区水质状况在3个测试参数(温度、TDS和水浊度)中属于中等污染类别(得分-15分)。关键词:水质，物性参数，STORET法，明库鲁市空气，merupakan sumber, kebutuhan dasar手稿高丽塔航空公司，北京航空公司，北京航空公司，北京航空公司，北京航空公司，北京航空公司，北京航空公司。图juan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kualitas air yang ada di sekitar pantai, sungai danrawa dekat pemukiman di Kota Bengkulu。Lokasi penelitian terdiri dartitik dengan半径0-2公里darpingir pantai。Pengambilan样本dilakkan dengan menggunakan方法分层非比例随机抽样dengan参数yang diukur diantaranya suhu，总溶解固形物(TDS) dan keruhan空气。方法杨迪库纳坎dalam分析数据yitu系统penilaiet。企鹅样本dilakukan dengan TDS计和浊度计基于Arduino Uno atmega328。哈西尔企鹅苏虎menunjukkan nilai相对稳定登干kisaran 29-30°C;nilai TDS antara 53-565 mg/L丹汀kat kekeruhan空气污染，1998,8 -1938,1 NTU。Berdasarkan hasil分析menggunakan系统的penilan STORET，状态mutu air di wilayah penelitian termasuk padategori cemar sedang (skor -15) Berdasarkan 3参数uji (suhu, TDS dan kekeruhan air)。Kata kunci: Kualitas air, parameter fisika, metode STORET, Kota Bengkulu
{"title":"Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Parameter Fisika di Wilayah Kota Bengkulu","authors":"Fades Br. Gultom, Refpo Rahman, Heriansyah Heriansyah","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i2.13517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i2.13517","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a source of basic human needs. Clean water quality will affect environmental health and all activities in it. This study aimed to measure the quality of the water around beaches, rivers and swamps near settlements in Bengkulu City. The research location consisted of nine points with a radius of 0-2 km from the beach. Sampling was carried out using the stratified disproportional random sampling method with measured parameters including temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS) and water turbidity. The method used in the data analysis is the STORET scoring system. The samples were tested using TDS and turbidity meter based on the Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Results of temperature measurement showed relatively stable values in the range of 29-30°C; TDS values were 53-565 mg/L and water turbidity levels ranged from 90.8 to 1938.1 NTU. Based on the results of the analysis using the STORET scoring system, the water quality status in the study area was included in the medium polluted category (score -15) of 3 test parameters (temperature, TDS and water turbidity). Keywords: Water quality, physical parameter, STORET method, Bengkulu City Air merupakan sumber kebutuhan dasar manusia. Kualitas air yang bersih akan mempengaruhi kesehatan lingkungan dan seluruh aktivitas didalamnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur kualitas air yang ada di sekitar pantai, sungai dan rawa dekat pemukiman di Kota Bengkulu. Lokasi penelitian terdiri dari 9 titik dengan radius 0-2 km dari pinggir pantai. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode stratified disproportional random sampling dengan parameter yang diukur diantaranya suhu, total dissolved solids (TDS) dan kekeruhan air. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis data yaitu sistem penilaian STORET. Pengujian sampel dilakukan dengan TDS meter dan turbidity meter berbasis Arduino Uno ATMega 328. Hasil pengukuran suhu menunjukkan nilai yang relatif stabil dengan kisaran 29-30°C; nilai TDS antara 53-565 mg/L dan tingkat kekeruhan air pada rentang 90,8-1938,1 NTU. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan sistem penilaian STORET, status mutu air di wilayah penelitian termasuk pada kategori cemar sedang (skor -15) berdasarkan 3 parameter uji (suhu, TDS dan kekeruhan air). Kata kunci: Kualitas air, parameter fisika, metode STORET, Kota Bengkulu","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78613168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IIndonesia is the biggest country in the production of red seaweed of Eucheuma spinosum. The red seaweed has bioactive compounds that have a potential activity such as phenolic compounds as well as carrageenan and pigments. This paper reported phytochemical analysis of E. spinosum harvested by a local farmer in Sumenep Island, East Java and free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) derived from 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) for several organic solvents. For extraction, dried powder is added with 5.0 mL of various solvents following by ultra-sonication assisted extraction for 30 minutes. The extract was separated by centrifugation for phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging evaluation. The prospecting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts indicated the potency for radical scavengers. Alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins were secondary metabolites that indicated the presence in the extracts. The best IC50 value was presented by ethyl acetate extracts (384,86 ppm) with 38.78% for 50 ppm, while IC50 values of n-hexane, methanolic, dicloromethane extracts were 410.12, 677.76 and 685.08 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum, phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging activity
{"title":"Free-Radical Scavenging Activity (FRSA) of Secondary Metabolite Extracted from Indonesian Eucheuma spinosum","authors":"N. Inayah, M. Masruri","doi":"10.18860/AL.V9I1.10970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/AL.V9I1.10970","url":null,"abstract":"IIndonesia is the biggest country in the production of red seaweed of Eucheuma spinosum. The red seaweed has bioactive compounds that have a potential activity such as phenolic compounds as well as carrageenan and pigments. This paper reported phytochemical analysis of E. spinosum harvested by a local farmer in Sumenep Island, East Java and free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA) derived from 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhdrazyl (DPPH) for several organic solvents. For extraction, dried powder is added with 5.0 mL of various solvents following by ultra-sonication assisted extraction for 30 minutes. The extract was separated by centrifugation for phytochemical analysis and radical scavenging evaluation. The prospecting of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts indicated the potency for radical scavengers. Alkaloids, terpenoids, and saponins were secondary metabolites that indicated the presence in the extracts. The best IC50 value was presented by ethyl acetate extracts (384,86 ppm) with 38.78% for 50 ppm, while IC50 values of n-hexane, methanolic, dicloromethane extracts were 410.12, 677.76 and 685.08 ppm, respectively. Keywords: Eucheuma spinosum, phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging activity","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84131864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ount Sinabung has had an impact on the lives of surrounding farmers after the eruption. One of the negative impacts is the exposure of plants and animals around them to dangerous chemical compounds, especially heavy metals. This work aimed to analyze the levels of arsenic (As) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) which was exposed after two months of the eruption. The sampling method was done using a simple random sampling technique at five points. The digestion process was carried out using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Arsenic analysis was performed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at 193.7 nm with vapor hydride generation accessories. Concentration of arsenic exposed to green cabbage at five sampling points was 0.4102, 0.4936, 0.4501, 0.6425, and 0.6534 mg/Kg. The results obtained were lower than the maximum limit of arsenic contamination in vegetables, namely 1.0 mg/Kg based on SNI No. 7387:2009.Keywords: arsenic, Brassica oleracea L, AAS, SNI, Mount SinabungGunung Sinabung memiliki pengaruh kepada kehidupan petani di sekitarnya pasca erupsi. Salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah terpaparnya tumbuhan dan hewan di sekitar terhadap senyawa kimia yang berbahaya, khususnya logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar arsen (As) yang terdapat pada sayur kubis hijau (Brassica oleracea L.) yang terpapar setelah dua bulan erupsi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling di lima titik. Proses destruksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam klorida dan asam nitrat. Analisis arsen dilakukan dengan menggunakan atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) pada panjang gelombang 193,7 nm yang dilengkapi vapour hydride generation accessories. Kadar arsen yang terpapar pada sayur kubis hijau pada lima titik pengambilan sampel berturut turut sebesar 0,4102; 0,4936; 0,4501; 0,6425, dan 0,6534 mg/Kg. Kadar arsen yang diperoleh lebih rendah dari batas maksimum cemaran arsen dalam sayuran yakni 1,0 mg/Kg berdasarkan SNI No. 7387:2009.Kata kunci: arsen, Brassica oleracea L., AAS, SNI, Gunung Sinabung
锡纳朋火山爆发后对周围农民的生活产生了影响。其中一个负面影响是他们周围的植物和动物暴露于危险的化合物，特别是重金属。本研究旨在分析火山爆发两个月后暴露的绿甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.)中砷的含量。抽样方法采用简单的随机抽样技术，在五个点上进行。用盐酸和硝酸进行消解。采用原子吸收光谱法(AAS)在193.7 nm处进行砷分析，并添加了蒸汽氢化物产生附件。5个采样点大白菜砷暴露浓度分别为0.4102、0.4936、0.4501、0.6425和0.6534 mg/Kg。所得结果低于SNI No. 7387:2009规定的蔬菜砷污染最大限量1.0 mg/Kg。关键词:砷，甘蓝，原子吸收分光光度法，SNI, SinabungGunung Sinabung memiliki pengaruh kepada kehidupan petani di sekitarya pasca爆发Salah satu danpak negative - nya adalah terpaparya tumbuhan dan hewan - sekitar terhadap senyawa kimia yang berbahaya, khususnya logam berhaya。Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalis kadar arsen (As) yang terdapat pada sayur kubis hijau(甘蓝)yang terpapar setelah dua bulan爆发。彭甘比兰样本迪拉库坎登甘孟古纳坎技术简单随机抽样迪利马titik。进程摧毁了dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam klorida和asam nitrat。分析砷迪伦卡坎登干蒙古纳坎原子吸收光谱(AAS)帕达·潘江·格隆邦193,7 nm阳迪伦卡坎蒸气氢化物生成附件。Kadar arsen yang terpapar pada sayur kubis hijau pada lima titik pengambilan sample berturut turut sebesar 0,4102;0, 4936;0, 4501;0.6425，丹0.6534 mg/Kg。Kadar arsen yang diperoleh lebih rendah dari batas maksimum cemaran dalam sayuran yakni 1 0 mg/Kg berdasarkan SNI No. 7387:2009。Kata kunci: arsen，甘蓝，AAS, SNI, Gunung Sinabung
{"title":"Analisis Kadar Arsen (As) pada Sayur Kubis Hijau (Brassica oleracea L.) Pasca Erupsi Gunung Sinabung","authors":"Boby Cahyady, Muhammad Taufik, S. Suharman","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i1.11108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i1.11108","url":null,"abstract":"ount Sinabung has had an impact on the lives of surrounding farmers after the eruption. One of the negative impacts is the exposure of plants and animals around them to dangerous chemical compounds, especially heavy metals. This work aimed to analyze the levels of arsenic (As) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) which was exposed after two months of the eruption. The sampling method was done using a simple random sampling technique at five points. The digestion process was carried out using hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. Arsenic analysis was performed using the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) at 193.7 nm with vapor hydride generation accessories. Concentration of arsenic exposed to green cabbage at five sampling points was 0.4102, 0.4936, 0.4501, 0.6425, and 0.6534 mg/Kg. The results obtained were lower than the maximum limit of arsenic contamination in vegetables, namely 1.0 mg/Kg based on SNI No. 7387:2009.Keywords: arsenic, Brassica oleracea L, AAS, SNI, Mount SinabungGunung Sinabung memiliki pengaruh kepada kehidupan petani di sekitarnya pasca erupsi. Salah satu dampak negatifnya adalah terpaparnya tumbuhan dan hewan di sekitar terhadap senyawa kimia yang berbahaya, khususnya logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar arsen (As) yang terdapat pada sayur kubis hijau (Brassica oleracea L.) yang terpapar setelah dua bulan erupsi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik simple random sampling di lima titik. Proses destruksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan asam klorida dan asam nitrat. Analisis arsen dilakukan dengan menggunakan atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) pada panjang gelombang 193,7 nm yang dilengkapi vapour hydride generation accessories. Kadar arsen yang terpapar pada sayur kubis hijau pada lima titik pengambilan sampel berturut turut sebesar 0,4102; 0,4936; 0,4501; 0,6425, dan 0,6534 mg/Kg. Kadar arsen yang diperoleh lebih rendah dari batas maksimum cemaran arsen dalam sayuran yakni 1,0 mg/Kg berdasarkan SNI No. 7387:2009.Kata kunci: arsen, Brassica oleracea L., AAS, SNI, Gunung Sinabung","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80422651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Notriawan, Nesbah Nesbah, Gustria Ernis, Muhammad Adeng Fadhila, Risky Hadi Wibowo, Reza Pertiwi, Vinolla Ilfanisari
The aim of this study was to make and test the antibacterial activity of chitosan/silver nanoparticles nanocomposite membranes. Nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by chitosan with pluronic using acetic acid as a solvent. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and the makasar fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr) peel extract as a bioreductor. The silver nanoparticles were composited with a chitosan/pluronic mixture and printed on a glass plate. Nanocomposite membranes were characterized using the FTIR spectrophotometer and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanocomposite membrane were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherechia coli. The UV-Vis spectra showed the formation of silver nanoparticles which were indicated by the absorption at 454 nm and the absorbance value of 0.405. Characterization using FTIR showed no new functional groups formed in the composites of chitosan and pluronic. SEM results showed the difference between the chitosan membrane and the nanocomposite membrane. The surface of nanocomposite membrane showed uneven compared to the chitosan membrane. Nanocomposite membranes have antibacterial activity to inhibit E. coli growth. Keywords: nanocomposite, chitosan/silver nanoparticles, antibacterial Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri membran nanokomposit kitosan/nanopartikel perak. Membran nanokomposit dibuat dengan mensintesis kitosan dengan pluronik menggunakan pelarut asam asetat. Nanopartikel perak disintesis menggunakan metode green synthesis dengan ekstrak kulit buah makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) sebagai bioreduktor. Nanopartikel perak dikompositkan dengan campuran kitosan/pluronik dan dicetak di atas plat kaca. Membran nanokomposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Membran nanokomposit dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherechia coli. Spektra UV-Vis menunjukkan terbentuknya nanopartikel perak yang ditandai adanya serapan pada panjang gelombang 454 nm dan absorbansi 0,405. Karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan tidak adanya gugus fungsi baru yang terbentuk pada komposit dari kitosan dan pluronik. Hasil SEM menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara membran kitosan dengan membran nanokomposit. Permukaan membran nanokomposit terlihat tidak rata dibandingkan membran kitosan. Membran nanokomposit memiliki aktivitas bakteri sehingga dapat mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli. Kata kunci: nanokomposit, kitosan/nanopartikel perak, antibakteri
本研究的目的是制备壳聚糖/银纳米复合膜，并对其抗菌性能进行测试。以乙酸为溶剂，壳聚糖与pluronic合成了纳米复合膜。采用绿色合成法，以玛加锡果(Brucea javanica L. Merr)果皮提取物为生物载体合成纳米银。将纳米银与壳聚糖/pluronic混合物复合，并在玻璃板上印刷。采用FTIR分光光度计和扫描电镜对纳米复合膜进行了表征。研究了纳米复合膜对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性。紫外可见光谱显示银纳米颗粒的形成，其吸收波长为454nm，吸光度值为0.405。FTIR表征表明壳聚糖和pluronic复合材料没有形成新的官能团。扫描电镜结果显示了壳聚糖膜与纳米复合膜的差异。与壳聚糖膜相比，纳米复合膜的表面呈现不均匀。纳米复合膜具有抑制大肠杆菌生长的抑菌活性。关键词:纳米复合材料;壳聚糖/纳米银;抗菌;膜纳米复合材料的分布，登甘mensinensis, kitosan，登甘pluronik，蒙古纳坎pelarut等。纳米颗粒裂解裂解蒙古纳坎方法绿色合成登甘赤霉素(Brucea javanica L. Merr) sebagai生物反应器。纳米颗粒perak dikomposititkan dengan campuran kitosan/pluronik和dicetetak数据平台kaca。薄膜纳米复合材料的研究:光谱分析仪、红外光谱和扫描电镜。膜纳米复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性研究。紫外-可见光谱纳米粒子perak yang ditandai adanya serapan paada panjang gelombang 454nm吸收光谱0,405。红外光谱(FTIR)分析，分析，推测，推测，推测，推测，推测，推测，推测纳米复合材料的研究进展。白木聚糖膜纳米复合材料的研究。膜纳米复合材料:微生物活性菌、细菌、细菌、细菌、细菌、大肠杆菌。Kata kunci:纳米复合材料，kitosan/纳米颗粒perak，抗菌
{"title":"Aktivitas Antibakteri Membran Nanokomposit Kitosan/Nanopartikel Perak","authors":"D. Notriawan, Nesbah Nesbah, Gustria Ernis, Muhammad Adeng Fadhila, Risky Hadi Wibowo, Reza Pertiwi, Vinolla Ilfanisari","doi":"10.18860/al.v9i1.11146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v9i1.11146","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to make and test the antibacterial activity of chitosan/silver nanoparticles nanocomposite membranes. Nanocomposite membranes were synthesized by chitosan with pluronic using acetic acid as a solvent. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method and the makasar fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr) peel extract as a bioreductor. The silver nanoparticles were composited with a chitosan/pluronic mixture and printed on a glass plate. Nanocomposite membranes were characterized using the FTIR spectrophotometer and the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Nanocomposite membrane were tested for antibacterial activity against Escherechia coli. The UV-Vis spectra showed the formation of silver nanoparticles which were indicated by the absorption at 454 nm and the absorbance value of 0.405. Characterization using FTIR showed no new functional groups formed in the composites of chitosan and pluronic. SEM results showed the difference between the chitosan membrane and the nanocomposite membrane. The surface of nanocomposite membrane showed uneven compared to the chitosan membrane. Nanocomposite membranes have antibacterial activity to inhibit E. coli growth. Keywords: nanocomposite, chitosan/silver nanoparticles, antibacterial Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri membran nanokomposit kitosan/nanopartikel perak. Membran nanokomposit dibuat dengan mensintesis kitosan dengan pluronik menggunakan pelarut asam asetat. Nanopartikel perak disintesis menggunakan metode green synthesis dengan ekstrak kulit buah makasar (Brucea javanica L. Merr) sebagai bioreduktor. Nanopartikel perak dikompositkan dengan campuran kitosan/pluronik dan dicetak di atas plat kaca. Membran nanokomposit dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer FTIR dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Membran nanokomposit dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherechia coli. Spektra UV-Vis menunjukkan terbentuknya nanopartikel perak yang ditandai adanya serapan pada panjang gelombang 454 nm dan absorbansi 0,405. Karakterisasi dengan FTIR menunjukkan tidak adanya gugus fungsi baru yang terbentuk pada komposit dari kitosan dan pluronik. Hasil SEM menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara membran kitosan dengan membran nanokomposit. Permukaan membran nanokomposit terlihat tidak rata dibandingkan membran kitosan. Membran nanokomposit memiliki aktivitas bakteri sehingga dapat mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. coli. Kata kunci: nanokomposit, kitosan/nanopartikel perak, antibakteri","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84534627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Juwono, A. Elliyanti, F. S. Pamungkas, A. Assari, A. Dermawan, A. Nurfitriyah
Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N2 gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (< C7) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C8 - C12) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (> C12) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types. Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel
{"title":"Influence of Biodiesel Waste Cooking Oil on Produce Hydrocarbon Fraction by Catalytic Cracking Waste Polystyrene and its Application in Gasoline Engine","authors":"H. Juwono, A. Elliyanti, F. S. Pamungkas, A. Assari, A. Dermawan, A. Nurfitriyah","doi":"10.18860/al.v7i2.8546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18860/al.v7i2.8546","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid fuel from polystyrene waste and waste cooking oil biodiesel was successfully obtained through catalytic cracking using Al-MCM-41/Ceramic. The structure, morphology, acidity, and porosity of the catalyst were studied by SEM-EDX, pyridine FTIR, and N2 gas adsorption-desorption. The products of catalytic cracking were analyzed using gas chromatogram-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The highest yield was obtained at feedstock variations of 57% (P): 43% (M) with the number of hydrocarbon fractions (< C7) is 0.48%, hydrocarbon fraction (C8 - C12) is 20.99%, and hydrocarbon fraction (> C12) is 78.53% in the cracking time 1 hours. Physical characteristics were reported in the form of density, flash point, and caloric value respective. The performance of liquid fuels with commercial fuels, Premium (RON 88), and additives of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) comparisons of 225 (mL): 750 (mL): 18.25 (mL) respectively produce thermal efficiency on engine use gasoline generator sets was 28.22% at the load of 2118 Watts. Based on this research, all variations of feedstock produce liquid fuels that are in accordance with SNI 06-3506-1994 concerning the quality of gasoline fuel types. Keywords: Catalytic cracking, polystyrene waste, waste cooking oil, liquid fuel","PeriodicalId":31035,"journal":{"name":"Alchemy Journal of Chemistry","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85370264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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