The study of entrepreneurial models carries significance in guiding the development of entrepreneurial activities. On the basis of a literature review, this paper reviews and analyzes six classic and widely influential entrepreneurial models: entrepreneurial event model (EEM), entrepreneurial intention model (EIM), revised EIM, theory of planned behavior (TPB), economic psychological model (EPM), and structural model of entrepreneurial intention (SMEI). This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences of these entrepreneurial intention models and their applications in different contexts, which carries important theoretical and practical significance for further research on entrepreneurial behavior and intention.
{"title":"Review and Comparison of Classical Entrepreneurial Intention Models","authors":"Jiaer Fei, W. Liu","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v6i1.4709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v6i1.4709","url":null,"abstract":"The study of entrepreneurial models carries significance in guiding the development of entrepreneurial activities. On the basis of a literature review, this paper reviews and analyzes six classic and widely influential entrepreneurial models: entrepreneurial event model (EEM), entrepreneurial intention model (EIM), revised EIM, theory of planned behavior (TPB), economic psychological model (EPM), and structural model of entrepreneurial intention (SMEI). This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences of these entrepreneurial intention models and their applications in different contexts, which carries important theoretical and practical significance for further research on entrepreneurial behavior and intention.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124954915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aging society has dawned on China, and the pension industry is now considered to be a sunrise industry. In 2020, the number of people over the age of 65 in Chongqing had reached more than 5.47 million. At present, the mainstream home-based care, children support, and institutional care cannot fully meet the needs of the elderly for food, housing, medical care, nursing, and entertainment. The value curve model from “Blue Ocean Strategy” is used to look for innovative, differentiated competitive strategies. Through community-sharing pension institutions, it is believed that a new model that provides lower prices and more professional medical care services for the elderly, enriches the spiritual world of the elderly with rich entertainment activities, and connects social services through an elderly studio to meet the needs of the elderly for self-realization can be introduced.
{"title":"Innovative Development Path of the Pension Model Under the Background of the Aging Society: Taking Chongqing as an Example","authors":"Aihong Wang","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v6i1.4568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v6i1.4568","url":null,"abstract":"The aging society has dawned on China, and the pension industry is now considered to be a sunrise industry. In 2020, the number of people over the age of 65 in Chongqing had reached more than 5.47 million. At present, the mainstream home-based care, children support, and institutional care cannot fully meet the needs of the elderly for food, housing, medical care, nursing, and entertainment. The value curve model from “Blue Ocean Strategy” is used to look for innovative, differentiated competitive strategies. Through community-sharing pension institutions, it is believed that a new model that provides lower prices and more professional medical care services for the elderly, enriches the spiritual world of the elderly with rich entertainment activities, and connects social services through an elderly studio to meet the needs of the elderly for self-realization can be introduced.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134604078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research looks at any relevance between Altman’s Z-score and the stock market performance of airline companies in the United States (US). Nearly a thousand pieces of data on various aspects of operation and financial status from 81 airline companies in the US are available. Additionally, stock return is used as an indicator of firm stock performance in this paper. In order to satisfy the purpose of determining the relationship between Z-score and stock performance as well as what may be inferred from high stock returns with regard to Z-score, two different regression processes are carried out. The first regression tests the relationship between Z-score and stock return, while the second regression examines whether there is a difference in Z-scores between well-performing airline companies and poorly performing ones using dummy variables. The results reveal that there is a significant positive correlation between the Z-scores of US airline companies and their stock performance; besides, high stock returns potentially imply relatively high Z-scores and vice versa. Therefore, one of the crucial steps that US airline companies must make is to strengthen their balance sheets in order to draw investors to make investments in their businesses.
{"title":"Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Altman’s Z-Score and Stock Performance Based on Airline Companies Listed in the United States","authors":"Yaofeng Hu, Zha Qi, Di Wang, Yan Wendy Wu","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4529","url":null,"abstract":"This research looks at any relevance between Altman’s Z-score and the stock market performance of airline companies in the United States (US). Nearly a thousand pieces of data on various aspects of operation and financial status from 81 airline companies in the US are available. Additionally, stock return is used as an indicator of firm stock performance in this paper. In order to satisfy the purpose of determining the relationship between Z-score and stock performance as well as what may be inferred from high stock returns with regard to Z-score, two different regression processes are carried out. The first regression tests the relationship between Z-score and stock return, while the second regression examines whether there is a difference in Z-scores between well-performing airline companies and poorly performing ones using dummy variables. The results reveal that there is a significant positive correlation between the Z-scores of US airline companies and their stock performance; besides, high stock returns potentially imply relatively high Z-scores and vice versa. Therefore, one of the crucial steps that US airline companies must make is to strengthen their balance sheets in order to draw investors to make investments in their businesses.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130606024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Companies are directed and controlled by corporate governance. It acts on the company internally and externally. The board of directors is responsible for the governance of the company; that is to say, the board of directors is the brain of the company, while corporate governance is the blood distributed throughout the company, which not only supplies blood to the whole, but also reflects the situation. Therefore, with regard to the role of the board of directors in corporate governance, this paper objectively analyzes the importance of the board of directors in corporate governance from theory to practice and from the internal composition of the board of directors to the impact of the board’s actions on the enterprise as a whole based on United Kingdom (UK) listed companies.
{"title":"A Study of the Role of the Board of Directors in Corporate Governance Based on UK Listed Companies","authors":"Xinyan Jiang","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4424","url":null,"abstract":"Companies are directed and controlled by corporate governance. It acts on the company internally and externally. The board of directors is responsible for the governance of the company; that is to say, the board of directors is the brain of the company, while corporate governance is the blood distributed throughout the company, which not only supplies blood to the whole, but also reflects the situation. Therefore, with regard to the role of the board of directors in corporate governance, this paper objectively analyzes the importance of the board of directors in corporate governance from theory to practice and from the internal composition of the board of directors to the impact of the board’s actions on the enterprise as a whole based on United Kingdom (UK) listed companies.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117280099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the establishment of financial models for risk prediction, the measurement of volatility at risky market has improved, and its significance has also grown. For high-frequency financial data, the degree of investment risk, which has always been the focus of attention, is measured by the variance of residual sequence obtained following model regression. By integrating the long short-term memory (LSTM) model with multiple generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models, a new hybrid LSTM model is used to predict stock price volatility. In this paper, three GARCH models are used, and the model that can best fit the data is determined.
{"title":"Volatility Prediction via Hybrid LSTM Models with GARCH Type Parameters","authors":"Mingyu Liu, Jing Ye, Lijie Yu","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4509","url":null,"abstract":"Since the establishment of financial models for risk prediction, the measurement of volatility at risky market has improved, and its significance has also grown. For high-frequency financial data, the degree of investment risk, which has always been the focus of attention, is measured by the variance of residual sequence obtained following model regression. By integrating the long short-term memory (LSTM) model with multiple generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models, a new hybrid LSTM model is used to predict stock price volatility. In this paper, three GARCH models are used, and the model that can best fit the data is determined.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130865953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we tested our methodology on the stocks of four representative companies: Apple, Comcast Corporation (CMCST), Google, and Qualcomm. We compared their performance to several stocks using the hidden Markov model (HMM) and forecasts using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). For simplicity, we considered four main features in these stocks: open, close, high, and low prices. When using the HMM for forecasting, the HMM has the best prediction for the daily low stock price and daily high stock price of Apple and CMCST, respectively. By calculating the MAPE for the four data sets of Google, the close price has the largest prediction error, while the open price has the smallest prediction error. The HMM has the largest prediction error and the smallest prediction error for Qualcomm’s daily low stock price and daily high stock price, respectively.
{"title":"Application of Hidden Markov Models in Stock Forecasting","authors":"Menghan Yu, Panji Wang, Tong Wang","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4453","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we tested our methodology on the stocks of four representative companies: Apple, Comcast Corporation (CMCST), Google, and Qualcomm. We compared their performance to several stocks using the hidden Markov model (HMM) and forecasts using mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). For simplicity, we considered four main features in these stocks: open, close, high, and low prices. When using the HMM for forecasting, the HMM has the best prediction for the daily low stock price and daily high stock price of Apple and CMCST, respectively. By calculating the MAPE for the four data sets of Google, the close price has the largest prediction error, while the open price has the smallest prediction error. The HMM has the largest prediction error and the smallest prediction error for Qualcomm’s daily low stock price and daily high stock price, respectively.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130857289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Based on the basic supply chain model, the status quo of waste recycling in China is examined by analyzing and comparing the changes in the waste recycling network and the problems of siting in relation to China’s waste disposal system.
{"title":"Current State, Shortcomings, and Strategies to Improve China’s Waste Recycling Network: Optimization of Regional Site Selection for Waste Disposal Systems Based on Supply Chain Management","authors":"Tingrui Yi","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4496","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the basic supply chain model, the status quo of waste recycling in China is examined by analyzing and comparing the changes in the waste recycling network and the problems of siting in relation to China’s waste disposal system.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"124 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113953812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, with the vigorous development of the real estate market, the price and scale of real estate have been growing explosively year by year. At the same time, the continuous macro-control of the state and the debt of real estate enterprises are both thundering. The high turnover and leverage operation mode is challenged, and uncompleted real estate projects are constantly emerging. Uncompleted residential buildings are considered scars to developers or cities where these projects are located. If this issue can be solved, uncompleted residential building projects can be revitalized, and the parties involved will also benefit from it. Asset management companies play a key role in the revitalization of uncompleted real estate projects by injecting new vitality into these projects and obtaining relevant policy support from the local government for the pain points and difficulties in these projects, thus promoting the revitalization of uncompleted projects. In order to discuss the approach taken by local asset management companies to revitalize uncompleted real estate projects, this paper takes ZS Asset Management Company as an example.
{"title":"Discussion on Local Asset Management Companies’ Approach to Revitalizing Uncompleted Real Estate Projects: Taking ZS Asset Management Company as an Example","authors":"Xicheng Yao","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4532","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, with the vigorous development of the real estate market, the price and scale of real estate have been growing explosively year by year. At the same time, the continuous macro-control of the state and the debt of real estate enterprises are both thundering. The high turnover and leverage operation mode is challenged, and uncompleted real estate projects are constantly emerging. Uncompleted residential buildings are considered scars to developers or cities where these projects are located. If this issue can be solved, uncompleted residential building projects can be revitalized, and the parties involved will also benefit from it. Asset management companies play a key role in the revitalization of uncompleted real estate projects by injecting new vitality into these projects and obtaining relevant policy support from the local government for the pain points and difficulties in these projects, thus promoting the revitalization of uncompleted projects. In order to discuss the approach taken by local asset management companies to revitalize uncompleted real estate projects, this paper takes ZS Asset Management Company as an example.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122072687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of the impact of financial development on industrial structure upgrading, this paper comprehensively considers the state of the industrial structure among provinces from three dimensions: rationalization, optimization, and equalization. This research finds that financial development promotes the rationalization and optimization of industrial structure but has no significant effect on the equalization of industrial structure.
{"title":"Research on the Impact of Financial Development on Industrial Structure Upgrading: Evidence from China’s Provincial Panel Data","authors":"Lina Wang","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4480","url":null,"abstract":"On the basis of analyzing the mechanism of the impact of financial development on industrial structure upgrading, this paper comprehensively considers the state of the industrial structure among provinces from three dimensions: rationalization, optimization, and equalization. This research finds that financial development promotes the rationalization and optimization of industrial structure but has no significant effect on the equalization of industrial structure.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114272790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the rise of unilateral protectionism and the blockage of World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trading system reform, the United States (U.S.) provides huge financial support to its semiconductor industry through the “Chip Act.” Besides, the U.S. attempts to improve the competitiveness of its semiconductor industry and dominate the international semiconductor market by setting up a series of “guardrails provisions” to curb the development of “foreign countries of concern,” such as China. Through documentary analysis, the main contents of the “Chip Act” are clarified, and its justiciability and compliance are analyzed from the perspective of WTO rules. In terms of actionability, the “Chip Act” meets the general conditions of subsidies and possesses the traits of specificity but at the same time causes damage to other countries’ industries, thus constituting an actionable subsidy. In terms of compliance, the discriminatory provisions of the “Chip Act” violate the principle of non-discrimination. Accordingly, China should actively respond under the WTO framework by promoting the resolution of the Appellate Body crisis and the reform of the dispute settlement mechanism as well as participating in subsidy reform negotiations and contributing Chinese solutions; China should also take the initiative to apply countervailing rules to the “Chip Act” while improving its own trade remedy system.
{"title":"Main Contents and Problems of the U.S. “Chip Act” and China’s Response in the Context of WTO","authors":"Tehong Ye","doi":"10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26689/pbes.v5i6.4456","url":null,"abstract":"With the rise of unilateral protectionism and the blockage of World Trade Organization (WTO) multilateral trading system reform, the United States (U.S.) provides huge financial support to its semiconductor industry through the “Chip Act.” Besides, the U.S. attempts to improve the competitiveness of its semiconductor industry and dominate the international semiconductor market by setting up a series of “guardrails provisions” to curb the development of “foreign countries of concern,” such as China. Through documentary analysis, the main contents of the “Chip Act” are clarified, and its justiciability and compliance are analyzed from the perspective of WTO rules. In terms of actionability, the “Chip Act” meets the general conditions of subsidies and possesses the traits of specificity but at the same time causes damage to other countries’ industries, thus constituting an actionable subsidy. In terms of compliance, the discriminatory provisions of the “Chip Act” violate the principle of non-discrimination. Accordingly, China should actively respond under the WTO framework by promoting the resolution of the Appellate Body crisis and the reform of the dispute settlement mechanism as well as participating in subsidy reform negotiations and contributing Chinese solutions; China should also take the initiative to apply countervailing rules to the “Chip Act” while improving its own trade remedy system.","PeriodicalId":310426,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of Business and Economic Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129879721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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