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Transfer learning with convolutional neural networks for hydrological streamline delineation 利用卷积神经网络进行水文流线划定的迁移学习
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106165
Nattapon Jaroenchai , Shaowen Wang , Lawrence V. Stanislawski , Ethan Shavers , Zhe Jiang , Vasit Sagan , E. Lynn Usery

Hydrological streamline delineation is critical for effective environmental management, influencing agriculture sustainability, river dynamics, watershed planning, and more. This study develops a novel approach to combining transfer learning with convolutional neural networks that capitalize on ImageNet pre-trained models to improve the accuracy and transferability of streamline delineation. We evaluate the performance of eleven ImageNet pre-trained models and a baseline model using datasets from Rowan County, NC, and Covington River, VA in the USA. Our results demonstrate that when models are adapted to a new area, the fine-tuned ImageNet pre-trained model exhibits superior predictive accuracy, markedly higher than the models trained from scratch or those only fine-tuned on the same area. Moreover, the ImageNet model achieves better smoothness and connectivity between classified streamline channels. These findings underline the effectiveness of transfer learning in enhancing the delineation of hydrological streamlines across varied geographies, offering a scalable solution for accurate and efficient environmental modelling.

水文流线划定对于有效的环境管理至关重要,它影响着农业的可持续性、河流动态和流域规划。本研究开发了一种新方法,将迁移学习与卷积神经网络相结合,利用 ImageNet 预训练模型提高流线划定的准确性和可迁移性。我们使用来自美国北卡罗来纳州罗文县和弗吉尼亚州科文顿河的数据集,评估了 11 个 ImageNet 预训练模型和一个基线模型的性能。结果表明,当模型适应一个新区域时,经过微调的 ImageNet 预训练模型表现出卓越的预测准确性,明显高于从零开始训练的模型或仅在同一区域经过微调的模型。此外,ImageNet 模型在分类流线通道之间实现了更好的平滑性和连接性。这些发现强调了迁移学习在增强不同地域水文流线划分方面的有效性,为准确高效的环境建模提供了可扩展的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
A unified runoff generation scheme for applicability across different hydrometeorological zones 适用于不同水文气象区的统一径流生成方案
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106138
Qinuo Zhang , Ke Zhang , Lijun Chao , Xinyu Chen , Nan Wu

Runoff generation in humid and semi-arid regions are usually dominated by saturation-excess mechanism and infiltration-excess mechanism, respectively. However, both mechanisms can co-exist in semi-humid regions. Therefore, we proposed a unified runoff generation scheme to represent the single and mixed runoff generation processes, making it applicable for different hydrometeorological conditions. The saturation-excess runoff generation scheme of the Xin'anjiang model was integrated with a modified Horton infiltration scheme at the grid cell scale. By substituting the original runoff generation scheme of the grid-Xin'anjiang (GXAJ) with the integrated scheme, we developed a new distributed hydrological model called grid-Xin'anjiang-infiltration-excess (GXAJ-IE) model. GXAJ-IE was tested in four watersheds and compared with two benchmark models with single runoff generation mechanism. The results indicate that GXAJ-IE model has higher flexibility and robustness in reproducing flood hydrographs under different rainfall conditions in semi-humid watersheds and has comparable performances with the benchmark models in humid and semi-arid regions.

潮湿地区和半干旱地区的径流生成通常分别以饱和-溢出机制和渗透-溢出机制为主。但在半湿润地区,这两种机制可以同时存在。因此,我们提出了一种统一的径流生成方案来表示单一径流生成过程和混合径流生成过程,使其适用于不同的水文气象条件。在网格单元尺度上,将新安江模型的饱和-过量径流生成方案与改进的霍顿入渗方案相结合。将网格-新安江(GXAJ)的原始径流生成方案替换为集成方案,我们开发了一种新的分布式水文模型,称为网格-新安江-渗透-过量(GXAJ-IE)模型。我们在四个流域对 GXAJ-IE 模型进行了测试,并与两个采用单一径流生成机制的基准模型进行了比较。结果表明,GXAJ-IE 模型在再现半湿润流域不同降雨条件下的洪水水文图方面具有更高的灵活性和鲁棒性,在湿润和半干旱地区与基准模型的性能相当。
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引用次数: 0
A novel multi-model ensemble framework for fluvial flood inundation mapping 用于绘制河道洪水淹没图的新型多模型集合框架
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106163
Nikunj K. Mangukiya , Shashwat Kushwaha , Ashutosh Sharma

Floods pose a significant threat to communities and infrastructure, necessitating timely predictions for effective disaster management. Conventional hydrodynamic models often encounter limitations in data requirements and computational efficiency. To overcome these constraints, we propose a novel multi-model ensemble framework integrating the flood extent and depth models for fluvial flood mapping. Various flood conditioning factors, such as terrain elevation and slope, flow direction, distance from the river, and latitude-longitude, were selected as model inputs, considering their relevance. The proposed framework was evaluated for predictive, extrapolative, and generalization capabilities. Results indicate that the proposed model successfully captures flood dynamics across a wide range of streamflow values, including unforeseen events, making it a valuable tool for predicting flood extent and depth. Overall, our approach offers a promising alternative to conventional hydrodynamic models, providing robustness, computational efficiency, scalability, automation, and integration with existing tools for flood inundation mapping tasks.

洪水对社区和基础设施构成重大威胁,需要及时预测,以便进行有效的灾害管理。传统的水动力模型往往在数据要求和计算效率方面受到限制。为了克服这些限制,我们提出了一种新颖的多模型集合框架,将洪水范围和深度模型整合在一起,用于绘制河道洪水图。考虑到地形高程和坡度、流向、与河流的距离以及经纬度等各种洪水条件因素的相关性,我们选择了这些因素作为模型输入。对所提出的框架进行了预测、推断和概括能力评估。结果表明,所提出的模型成功地捕捉到了包括意外事件在内的各种溪流值的洪水动态,使其成为预测洪水范围和深度的重要工具。总之,我们的方法为传统的水动力模型提供了一种有前途的替代方案,具有稳健性、计算效率、可扩展性、自动化以及与现有洪水淹没绘图任务工具的集成。
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引用次数: 0
GeoGOBLIN: A catchment-scale land balance model for assessment of climate mitigation pathways considering environmental trade-offs for multiple impact categories GeoGOBLIN:用于评估气候减缓途径的流域尺度土地平衡模型,考虑多种影响类别的环境权衡。
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106144
Colm Duffy , Daniel Henn , David Styles , Gregory G. Toth , Remi Prudhomme , Pietro P.M. Iannetta , Ken Byrne

GeoGOBLIN, a novel environmental impact and land balance assessment tool, builds upon the GOBLIN biophysical land use emissions model for Ireland, offering enhanced resolution and system-level detail. It combines remotely sensed data and national agricultural census data to model climate change, air quality, and eutrophication emissions at the catchment level. Integration of the CBM-CFS3 forest carbon modelling framework (utilised in Ireland's National Inventory Report) increases alignment with national emissions reporting. GeoGOBLIN disaggregates emissions by life cycle assessment impact categories, making it a valuable tool for policymakers and researchers evaluating environmental and economic trade-offs associated with land-use scenarios. Illustrative scenarios demonstrate GeoGOBLIN's ability to assess the multifaceted impacts of alternative land uses, supporting informed decision-making for sustainable land use, food production, and a circular bioeconomy.

GeoGOBLIN 是一种新颖的环境影响和土地平衡评估工具,以爱尔兰 GOBLIN 生物物理土地利用排放模型为基础,提供更高的分辨率和系统级细节。它结合遥感数据和全国农业普查数据,在流域层面建立气候变化、空气质量和富营养化排放模型。CBM-CFS3 森林碳建模框架(爱尔兰国家清单报告中使用)的整合提高了与国家排放报告的一致性。GeoGOBLIN 按生命周期评估影响类别对排放量进行了分类,使其成为决策者和研究人员评估与土地利用方案相关的环境和经济权衡的重要工具。示例情景展示了 GeoGOBLIN 评估替代性土地利用的多方面影响的能力,为可持续土地利用、粮食生产和循环生物经济的知情决策提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
GIS-based modelling of landscape patterns in mountain areas using climate indices and regression analysis 利用气候指数和回归分析建立山区景观模式的地理信息系统模型
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106160
Hristina Prodanova , Stoyan Nedkov , Galin Petrov

The approach of defining landscape patterns based on climate indices is applied in a case study area in North-Central Bulgaria. The results proved the strong interrelation between the climate indices and the elevation, enabling the implementation of a regression model. The results of the regression are used to define threshold values for delineation of all potential contours based on climate indices. The GIS modelling enables the integration of the results from different indices for the delineation of landscape contours of five potential landscape types. Four of them are validated with higher precision, proving the approach's applicability. One of the main capacities of the proposed approach is the opportunity for reconstructing climax vegetation and furthermore, the climax ecosystems that form the matrix of the potential landscapes. This can significantly contribute to assessing ecosystems and their services for restoration measures and implementing nature-based solutions.

在保加利亚中北部的一个案例研究区采用了根据气候指数确定景观模式的方法。结果表明,气候指数与海拔高度之间存在密切的相互关系,因此可以采用回归模型。回归结果用于定义阈值,以便根据气候指数划定所有潜在等高线。通过地理信息系统建模,可以整合不同指数的结果,划定五种潜在景观类型的景观等高线。其中四种经过验证,精度更高,证明了该方法的适用性。拟议方法的主要功能之一是有机会重建高潮植被,以及构成潜在景观基质的高潮生态系统。这将大大有助于评估生态系统及其服务,以采取恢复措施和实施基于自然的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Virtual forests for decision support and stakeholder communication 用于决策支持和利益相关者交流的虚拟森林
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106159
Stefan Holm, Janine Schweier

Challenges in forest management are increasing due to climate change and its associated risks. Considering the needs and demands of various stakeholders leads to more complex decision-making. The increasing amount and quality of available geographic, forest and individual tree data, the combination of this data, and the use of forest growth simulators make it possible to support forest managers in this decision-making process. Our aim was to develop a strong visualization instrument that can be used in both forest planning and stakeholder communication. We present a solution based on a game engine, where data from multiple sources (terrain data, satellite imagery, tree data) is combined into a virtual environment. The user can move freely inside this virtual forest, look at the forest from arbitrary perspectives, and observe its development over the years under different management scenarios. We demonstrate the usefulness of this approach with a study region in Switzerland.

由于气候变化及其相关风险,森林管理面临的挑战与日俱增。考虑到不同利益相关者的需求和要求,决策变得更加复杂。可用的地理、森林和单棵树木数据的数量和质量不断提高,这些数据的组合以及森林生长模拟器的使用使得在决策过程中为森林管理者提供支持成为可能。我们的目标是开发一种强大的可视化工具,可用于森林规划和利益相关者沟通。我们提出了一个基于游戏引擎的解决方案,将多种来源的数据(地形数据、卫星图像、树木数据)整合到一个虚拟环境中。用户可以在虚拟森林中自由移动,从任意角度观察森林,并观察森林在不同管理方案下的发展变化。我们以瑞士的一个研究区域为例,展示了这种方法的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
A calibration protocol for soil-crop models 土壤-作物模型校准协议
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106147
Daniel Wallach , Samuel Buis , Diana-Maria Seserman , Taru Palosuo , Peter J. Thorburn , Henrike Mielenz , Eric Justes , Kurt-Christian Kersebaum , Benjamin Dumont , Marie Launay , Sabine Julia Seidel

Process-based soil-crop models are widely used in agronomic research. They are major tools for evaluating climate change impact on crop production. Multi-model simulation studies show a wide diversity of results among models, implying that simulation results are very uncertain. A major path to improving simulation results is to propose improved calibration practices that are widely applicable. This study proposes an innovative generic calibration protocol. The two major innovations concern the treatment of multiple output variables and the choice of parameters to estimate, both of which are based on standard statistical procedure adapted to the particularities of soil-crop models. The protocol performed well in a challenging artificial-data test. The protocol is formulated so as to be applicable to a wide range of models and data sets. If widely adopted, it could substantially reduce model error and inter-model variability, and thus increase confidence in soil-crop model simulations.

基于过程的土壤-作物模型被广泛应用于农艺学研究。它们是评估气候变化对作物生产影响的主要工具。多模型模拟研究表明,不同模型的结果差异很大,这意味着模拟结果具有很大的不确定性。改进模拟结果的一个主要途径是提出可广泛应用的改进校准方法。本研究提出了一种创新的通用校准协议。两个主要创新点涉及多个输出变量的处理和参数估计的选择,这两个方面都是基于标准统计程序,并根据土壤-作物模型的特殊性进行了调整。该方案在一次具有挑战性的人工数据测试中表现良好。该规程适用于各种模型和数据集。如果被广泛采用,它可以大大减少模型误差和模型间的变异性,从而提高对土壤-作物模型模拟的信心。
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引用次数: 0
A machine learning framework for multi-step-ahead prediction of groundwater levels in agricultural regions with high reliance on groundwater irrigation 高度依赖地下水灌溉的农业地区地下水位多步提前预测的机器学习框架
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106146
Feilin Zhu , Mingyu Han , Yimeng Sun , Yurou Zeng , Lingqi Zhao , Ou Zhu , Tiantian Hou , Ping-an Zhong

This study presents a machine learning framework for multi-step-ahead prediction of groundwater levels in agricultural regions heavily reliant on groundwater irrigation. The framework utilizes a comprehensive set of predictive factors, including meteorological, hydrological, and human activity data. An optimal combination of input variables and their temporal delays was determined using a novel selection method. To address overfitting, a mathematical model for hyperparameter optimization was developed, leveraging sample subset cross-validation and an improved differential evolution algorithm. Numerical experiments on the YingGuo region in the Huaihe River Basin demonstrated that the hyperparameter optimization resulted in an 11.6%–38.5% increase in the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) indicator. Additionally, fine-tuned temporal scales, from monthly to five-day resolution, significantly improved predictive performance, with NSE increasing from 0.629 to 0.952 (33.9% enhancement). However, longer forecasting horizons led to a 29.4% reduction in NSE. The study also implemented a multi-core parallel computing framework, which achieved a 15.35-fold improvement in computational efficiency while maintaining predictive precision. The integration of external factors enhanced the predictive performance across various observation wells. These findings contribute to a better understanding of groundwater dynamics and highlight the potential of machine learning models in improving groundwater depth predictions in agricultural regions with high reliance on groundwater irrigation.

本研究提出了一个机器学习框架,用于对严重依赖地下水灌溉的农业地区的地下水水位进行多步提前预测。该框架利用了一整套预测因素,包括气象、水文和人类活动数据。使用一种新颖的选择方法确定了输入变量及其时间延迟的最佳组合。为解决过拟合问题,利用样本子集交叉验证和改进的微分进化算法,开发了超参数优化数学模型。淮河流域应国地区的数值实验表明,超参数优化使纳什-苏特克利夫效率(NSE)指标提高了 11.6%-38.5%。此外,从月分辨率到五天分辨率的微调时间尺度显著提高了预测性能,NSE 从 0.629 提高到 0.952(提高 33.9%)。然而,更长的预测范围导致 NSE 降低了 29.4%。研究还采用了多核并行计算框架,在保持预测精度的同时,计算效率提高了 15.35 倍。外部因素的整合提高了不同观测井的预测性能。这些发现有助于更好地了解地下水动态,并突出了机器学习模型在改善高度依赖地下水灌溉的农业地区地下水深度预测方面的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Accelerated numerical modeling of shallow water flows with MPI, OpenACC, and GPUs 利用 MPI、OpenACC 和 GPU 加速浅层水流数值建模
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106141
Ayhan H. Saleem , Matthew R. Norman

In this paper, a time-explicit Finite-Volume method is adopted to solve the 2-D shallow water equations on an unstructured triangular mesh, using a two-stage Runge-Kutta integrator and a monotone MUSCL model to achieve second-order accuracy in time and space, respectively. A multi-GPU model is presented that uses the Message Passing Interface (MPI) with OpenACC and uses the METIS library to produce the domain decomposition. A CUDA-aware MPI library (GPUDirect) and overlapped MPI communication with computation are used to improve parallel performance. Two benchmark tests with wet and dry downstream beds are used to test the code's accuracy. Good results were achieved compared to the numerical simulations of published studies. Compared with the multi-CPU version of a 6-core CPU, maximum speedups of 56.18 and 331.51 were obtained using a single GPU and 8 GPUs, respectively. Higher mesh resolution enhances acceleration performance, and the model is applicable to other environmental modeling activities.

本文采用时间显式有限体积法求解非结构化三角形网格上的二维浅水方程,使用两级 Runge-Kutta 积分器和单调 MUSCL 模型分别实现时间和空间上的二阶精度。介绍的多 GPU 模型使用消息传递接口(MPI)和 OpenACC,并使用 METIS 库进行域分解。为提高并行性能,使用了 CUDA 感知 MPI 库(GPUDirect)和与计算重叠的 MPI 通信。为测试代码的准确性,使用了干湿下游床的两个基准测试。与已发表研究的数值模拟相比,取得了良好的结果。与使用 6 核 CPU 的多 CPU 版本相比,使用单 GPU 和 8 GPU 的最大速度分别提高了 56.18 和 331.51。更高的网格分辨率提高了加速性能,该模型适用于其他环境建模活动。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of predictive modeling approaches to estimate soil erosion under spatially heterogeneous field conditions 比较各种预测建模方法,以估算空间异质性实地条件下的土壤侵蚀情况
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106145
Ahsan Raza , Murilo dos Santos Vianna , Seyed Hamid Ahmadi , Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman , Thomas Gaiser

The accuracy of soil erosion models in agroecosystems with heterogeneous field conditions is challenging due to uncertainties from soil water fluxes and crop growth. In this study, we coupled two modeling methods (Freebairn and Rose) to represent soil erosion with a process-based crop and runoff models within the SIMPLACE framework. Their accuracy was compared to a statistical model developed using 16 erosion plots (each of 625 cm2) within the same field. Uncertainty analysis showed that runoff and slope angle were the most critical components for predicting sediment yield in both models, followed by soil erodibility in the Freebairn model and entrainment efficiency in the Rose model. However, due to plot size constraints, slope-length effects were not examined. The Freebairn model had a slightly higher accuracy (RMSE = 0.69 t ha−1 d−1) of sediment yield predictions than the Rose model (RMSE = 0.83 t ha−1 d−1). Both models are effective for predicting soil loss with appropriate parameter values.

由于土壤水通量和作物生长的不确定性,在具有异质性田间条件的农业生态系统中,土壤侵蚀模型的准确性具有挑战性。在这项研究中,我们在 SIMPLACE 框架内将两种建模方法(Freebairn 和 Rose)与基于过程的作物和径流模型相结合来表示土壤侵蚀。它们的准确性与使用同一田块中 16 块侵蚀地(每块面积为 625 平方厘米)开发的统计模型进行了比较。不确定性分析表明,在这两个模型中,径流和坡角是预测沉积物产量的最关键要素,其次是 Freebairn 模型中的土壤可侵蚀性和 Rose 模型中的夹带效率。然而,由于地块大小的限制,没有研究坡长的影响。弗里贝恩模型预测泥沙产量的精度(均方根误差 = 0.69 吨/公顷-1 d-1)略高于罗斯模型(均方根误差 = 0.83 吨/公顷-1 d-1)。在参数值适当的情况下,这两个模型都能有效预测土壤流失。
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引用次数: 0
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