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Increasing the water level accuracy in hydraulic river simulation by adapting mesh level elevation 通过调整网格水位标高提高水力河流模拟中的水位精度
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106135

2D hydraulic models are one of the tools to simulate water levels for effective river management. Mesh resolution in 2D models directly impacts the discretization of the bathymetry, the discharge capacity, and consequently, the accuracy of simulated water levels. The objective of this study is to develop a modified mesh setup that corresponds with the cross-sectional flow volume of the measured cross-section but with a low resolution for the entire discharge range. An algorithm is developed to vertically adjust mesh nodes within a limited range to achieve this objective. Subsequently, the D-Flow-FM software is utilized to model four hypothetical 100-kilometer river reaches to evaluate the modified mesh setup. The findings reveal that the water level using the modified low-resolution mesh is up to 90% closer to the high resolution mesh compared to the original low-resolution mesh for all discharges. Additionally, the simulation of the low-resolution mesh runs approximately 12.5 times faster than their high-resolution counterparts.

二维水力模型是模拟水位以有效管理河流的工具之一。二维模型中的网格分辨率直接影响到水深的离散性和排水能力,进而影响到模拟水位的准确性。本研究的目的是开发一种改进的网格设置,它与测量断面的断面流量一致,但在整个排放范围内分辨率较低。为实现这一目标,开发了一种在有限范围内垂直调整网格节点的算法。随后,利用 D-Flow-FM 软件对四个假设的 100 公里河段进行建模,以评估修改后的网格设置。研究结果表明,与原始的低分辨率网格相比,使用修改后的低分辨率网格在所有排水量下的水位与高分辨率网格的水位接近度高达 90%。此外,低分辨率网格的模拟运行速度是高分辨率网格的约 12.5 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Qualification of a double porosity reactive transport model for MX-80 bentonite in deep geological repositories for nuclear wastes 核废料深地质处置库中 MX-80 膨润土双孔隙度反应迁移模型的鉴定
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106139
Virginia Cabrera , Rubén López-Vizcaíno, Ángel Yustres, Vicente Navarro

Currently, the deep geological repository approach for spent nuclear fuel is regarded as the most dependable and secure method for permanently disposing of this kind of waste. Among its key safety components is an engineered barrier made from compacted bentonite, which isolates the encapsulated waste from the surrounding host rock. As a result, understanding how bentonites react to varying compositions of groundwater is crucial. This is where numerical modelling becomes essential.

It is generally approved by the scientific community to idealise bentonite as a material structured under a double porosity system composed of the macro and microstructure. In this context, this paper illustrates the capabilities of a double-porosity reactive transport model for bentonites fully implemented in the multiphysics COMSOL platform. For this purpose, different experimental tests were simulated based on the evaluation of diffusive ion transport, mineral dissolution and cation exchange processes in MX-80 bentonite, obtaining very satisfactory results.

目前,乏核燃料的深层地质处置方法被认为是永久处置这类废物的最可靠、最安全的方法。其关键的安全组成部分是由压实膨润土制成的工程屏障,它将封装的废料与周围的主岩隔离开来。因此,了解膨润土对不同成分地下水的反应至关重要。科学界普遍认为,膨润土的理想结构是由宏观和微观结构组成的双孔系统。在此背景下,本文展示了在多物理场 COMSOL 平台上完全实现的膨润土双孔反应输运模型的功能。为此,在评估 MX-80 膨润土中的扩散离子输运、矿物溶解和阳离子交换过程的基础上,模拟了不同的实验测试,取得了非常令人满意的结果。
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引用次数: 0
A large dataset of fluvial hydraulic and geometry attributes derived from USGS field measurement records 从美国地质调查局实地测量记录中提取的大量河道水力和几何属性数据集
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106136

Accurate representation of river channel geometry is important for hydrologic and hydraulic modeling of fluvial systems. Often, channel geometry is estimated using simple rating curves that can be applied across various spatial scales. However, such methods are limited to power law relations that do not employ many potentially relevant catchment and river attributes. This paper introduce a new dataset, IFMHA (Inventory of Field Measurement of Hydraulic Attributes), to enable research studies on channel geometry and streamflow characteristics. IFMHA is derived from the National Water Information System (NWIS) site inventory for surface water field measurements and stream attributes from the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD). IFMHA includes 2,802,532 records from 10,050 sites (NWIS streamgaging stations). The dataset utility is demonstrated here by presenting a series of conceptual models for estimating channel geometry parameters (i.e., channel mean depth, channel maximum depth, wetted perimeter, and roughness) based on the available field attributes within IFMHA. Such a dataset and attributed channel geometry parameters can enhance the performance of operational flood forecasting frameworks (e.g. National Water Model) by providing more accurate initial conditions used in hydrologic and hydraulic routing models.

准确表示河道几何形状对于河川系统的水文和水力模型制作非常重要。通常情况下,河道几何形状是通过可应用于各种空间尺度的简单额定曲线估算出来的。然而,这种方法仅限于幂律关系,没有采用许多潜在的相关流域和河流属性。本文介绍了一个新的数据集 IFMHA(水力属性实地测量清单),用于河道几何和溪流特征的研究。IFMHA 源自国家水信息系统 (NWIS) 的地表水实地测量站点清单和国家水文数据集 (NHD) 的溪流属性。IFMHA 包括来自 10,050 个站点(国家水信息系统测流站)的 2,802,532 条记录。在此,我们将根据 IFMHA 中的可用现场属性,提出一系列估算河道几何参数(即河道平均深度、河道最大深度、润湿周长和粗糙度)的概念模型,以展示该数据集的实用性。这样的数据集和归因的河道几何参数可以为水文和水力路由模型提供更准确的初始条件,从而提高运行中的洪水预报框架(如国家水模型)的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Automated hydrologic forecasting using open-source sensors: Predicting stream depths across 200,000 km2 利用开源传感器进行自动水文预报:预测 20 万平方公里的溪流深度
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106137

Wireless sensor networks support decision-making in diverse environmental contexts. Adoption of these networks has increased dramatically due to technological advances that have increased value while lowering cost. However, real-time information only allows for reactive management. As most interventions take time, predictions across these sensor networks enable better planning and decision making. Prediction models across large water level and discharge sensor networks do exist. However, they have limitations in their accessibility, automaticity, and data requirements. We present an open-source method for automatically generating computationally cheap rainfall-runoff models for any depth or discharge sensor given only its measurements and location. We characterize reliability in a real-world case study across 200,000 km2, evaluate long-term accuracy, and assess sensitivity to measurement noise and errors in catchment delineation. The method’s accuracy, computational efficiency, and automaticity make it a valuable asset to support operational decision making for diverse stakeholders including bridge inspectors and utilities.

无线传感器网络支持各种环境背景下的决策。由于技术进步提高了价值,同时降低了成本,这些网络的应用急剧增加。然而,实时信息只能进行被动管理。由于大多数干预措施都需要时间,因此通过这些传感器网络进行预测可以更好地进行规划和决策。目前确实存在大型水位和排水传感器网络的预测模型。然而,它们在可访问性、自动性和数据要求方面存在局限性。我们提出了一种开源方法,可为任何水深或排水传感器自动生成计算成本低廉的降雨-径流模型,只需给出其测量值和位置。我们在实际案例研究中对 20 万平方公里范围内的可靠性进行了描述,评估了长期准确性,并评估了对测量噪声和集水区划分误差的敏感性。该方法的准确性、计算效率和自动性使其成为支持包括桥梁检测人员和公用事业公司在内的各利益相关方进行运营决策的宝贵资产。
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引用次数: 0
Model linkage to assess forest disturbance impacts on water quality: A wildfire case study using LANDIS(II)-VELMA 利用模型联系评估森林干扰对水质的影响:利用 LANDIS(II)-VELMA 进行野火案例研究
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106134

Wildfires in western US forests increased over the last two decades, resulting in elevated solid and nutrient loadings to streams, and occasionally threatening drinking water supplies. We demonstrated that a linked LANDIS (LANDscape DIsturbance and Succession)-VELMA (Visualizing Ecosystem Land Management Assessments) modeling approach can simulate wildland fire effects on water quality using the 2002 Colorado Hayman Fire. Utilizing LANDIS-II's forest landscape model to simulate forest composition and VELMA's eco-hydrologic model to simulate pre- and post-fire water quantity and quality, the best calibration performance yielded a Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.621 during 2000–2006 (most optimal annual - 0.921) in comparison to North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) runoff. Pre-fire modeled runoff, nitrate, and surface water temperature (SWT) correlated with observations. Simulated post-fire runoff (229%) and SWT (20.6%) were elevated relative to pre-fire, with nitrate concentrations 34 times greater than the aquatic life threshold (0.01 mg N/L).

在过去二十年里,美国西部森林的野火有所增加,导致溪流的固体和营养负荷增加,有时甚至威胁到饮用水供应。我们以 2002 年科罗拉多海曼大火为例,证明了 LANDIS(景观干扰与演替)-VELMA(可视化生态系统土地管理评估)建模方法可以模拟野火对水质的影响。利用 LANDIS-II 的森林景观模型模拟森林组成,并利用 VELMA 的生态水文模型模拟火灾前后的水量和水质,在 2000-2006 年期间,与北美土地数据同化系统(NLDAS)径流相比,最佳校准性能产生了 0.621 的纳什-萨特克利夫效率(NSE)(最理想的年度为 0.921)。模拟的火灾前径流、硝酸盐和地表水温度(SWT)与观测结果相关。模拟的火灾后径流(229%)和 SWT(20.6%)与火灾前相比有所升高,硝酸盐浓度比水生生物阈值(0.01 毫克 N/L)高出 34 倍。
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引用次数: 0
Environmental Insights: Democratizing access to ambient air pollution data and predictive analytics with an open-source Python package 环境洞察:通过开源 Python 软件包实现环境空气污染数据和预测分析的民主化访问
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106131
Liam J. Berrisford , Ronaldo Menezes

Ambient air pollution is a pervasive issue with wide-ranging effects on human health, ecosystem vitality, and economic structures. Utilizing data on ambient air pollution concentrations, researchers can perform comprehensive analyses to uncover the multifaceted impacts of air pollution across society. To this end, we introduce Environmental Insights, an open-source Python package designed to democratize access to air pollution concentration data. This tool enables users to easily retrieve historical air pollution data and employ a Machine Learning model for forecasting potential future conditions. Moreover, Environmental Insights includes a suite of tools aimed at facilitating the dissemination of analytical findings and enhancing user engagement through dynamic visualizations. This comprehensive approach ensures that the package caters to the diverse needs of individuals looking to explore and understand air pollution trends and their implications.

Code repository clickable link

Environmental Insights Github Home Page.

环境空气污染是一个普遍存在的问题,对人类健康、生态系统活力和经济结构有着广泛的影响。利用环境空气污染浓度数据,研究人员可以进行综合分析,揭示空气污染对整个社会的多方面影响。为此,我们推出了开源 Python 软件包 Environmental Insights,旨在实现空气污染浓度数据访问的民主化。该工具使用户能够轻松检索历史空气污染数据,并利用机器学习模型预测未来的潜在状况。此外,"环境洞察 "还包括一套工具,旨在促进分析结果的传播,并通过动态可视化提高用户参与度。这种综合方法可确保该软件包满足个人探索和了解空气污染趋势及其影响的不同需求。代码库点击链接环境洞察 Github 主页。
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引用次数: 0
A probabilistic approach to training machine learning models using noisy data 利用噪声数据训练机器学习模型的概率方法
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106133
Ayman H. Alzraiee , Richard G. Niswonger

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly popular in environmental and hydrologic modeling, but they typically contain uncertainties resulting from noisy data (erroneous or outlier data). This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach that combines ML and Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to (1) detect and underweight likely noisy data, (2) develop an approach capable of detecting noisy data during model deployment, and (3) interpret the reasons why a data point is deemed noisy to help heuristically distinguish between outliers and erroneous data. The new algorithm recognizes that there is no unique way to split the training data into noisy and clean data, and thus produces an ensemble of plausible splits. The algorithm successfully detected noisy data in synthetic benchmark problems with varying complexity and a real-world public supply water withdrawal dataset. The algorithm is generic and flexible, making it suitable for application across a broad range of hydrologic and environmental disciplines.

机器学习(ML)模型在环境和水文建模中越来越受欢迎,但它们通常包含由噪声数据(错误或离群数据)导致的不确定性。本文介绍了一种新颖的概率方法,该方法结合了 ML 和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗模拟,用于:(1)检测可能存在的噪声数据并降低其权重;(2)开发一种能够在模型部署过程中检测噪声数据的方法;以及(3)解释数据点被视为噪声的原因,以帮助启发式地区分异常值和错误数据。新算法认识到,将训练数据拆分为噪声数据和干净数据的方法并不唯一,因此会产生一系列合理的拆分。该算法在不同复杂度的合成基准问题和现实世界的公共供水取水数据集中成功检测出了噪声数据。该算法具有通用性和灵活性,适用于广泛的水文和环境学科。
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引用次数: 0
Finite element software for calculating fluid flow and heat transport for seamounts 计算海山流体流动和热传输的有限元软件
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106129
V.C. Manea , E.G. Sewell , M. Manea , S. Yoshioka , N. Suenaga , E.J. Moreno

A large number of bathymetric discontinuities mark the bottom of the oceans. Among these features, seamounts protruding the sedimentary layer can play a major role in establishing a continuous exchange of fluids and heat between the oceanic lithosphere and the ocean. Here we present finite element codes for calculating the flow, temperature and pressure distributions inside seamounts using a general-purpose finite element solver. We solve the coupled equations of continuity, Darcy equation, and energy conservation equation in 2-D. We present a numerical axisymmetrical model tailored to the real geometry of the Grizzly Bare seamount located on the Juan de Fuca plate. The surface heat flow shows a good correlation between our models and in-situ available observations. In this work we provide complete open access to numerical codes which are intended to be simple and easy to adapt for a wide range of seamounts shapes and sizes.

海洋底部有大量不连续的测深地貌。在这些地貌中,突出沉积层的海山在建立大洋岩石圈与海洋之间持续的流体和热量交换方面发挥着重要作用。在此,我们介绍了使用通用有限元求解器计算海山内部流动、温度和压力分布的有限元代码。我们求解了二维连续性耦合方程、达西方程和能量守恒方程。我们根据胡安-德富卡板块上灰熊裸海山的实际几何形状,提出了一个轴对称数值模型。表面热流显示,我们的模型与现场观测结果之间具有良好的相关性。在这项工作中,我们提供了完全开放的数字代码,旨在使其简单易用,适用于各种形状和大小的海山。
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引用次数: 0
UIDS: A Matlab-based urban flood model considering rainfall-induced and surcharge-induced inundations UIDS:基于 Matlab 的城市洪水模型,考虑降雨引起的洪水和附加荷载引起的洪水
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106132
Vinh Ngoc Tran , Jongho Kim

The Urban Inundation-Drainage Simulator (UIDS) is a new coupled model for simulating urban flooding dynamics, developed as an open-source, MATLAB-based platform. It integrates a rainfall-runoff model with a two-dimensional overland flow model (OFM) and a one-dimensional sewer flow model (SFM). Unlike conventional models limited to either rainfall-induced or sewer surcharge-induced flooding, UIDS captures bidirectional surface-underground interactions to simulate both processes simultaneously. The OFM employs an explicit time-stepping scheme and robust wet-dry front treatment, while a weir equation describes roof-to-ground flow exchange for numerical stability. Timing synchronization facilitates continuous OFM-SFM coupling. Benchmarking and case studies of Gangnam flood events demonstrate UIDS's ability to accurately simulate urban flooding, particularly subcritical flows. The open-source nature of UIDS allows user flexibility in accessing and modifying the MATLAB code. Ultimately, UIDS is expected to serve as an accessible and adaptable tool for urban flood modeling and risk assessment.

城市淹没-排水模拟器(UIDS)是一个用于模拟城市洪水动态的新型耦合模型,是一个基于 MATLAB 的开源平台。它将降雨-径流模型与二维陆地流模型(OFM)和一维下水道流模型(SFM)集成在一起。与局限于降雨引发的洪水或下水道溢流引发的洪水的传统模型不同,UIDS 可捕捉地表与地下的双向相互作用,同时模拟这两个过程。OFM 采用显式时间步进方案和稳健的干湿前沿处理,而堰式方程则描述了屋顶到地面的水流交换,以实现数值稳定性。时间同步促进了 OFM-SFM 的连续耦合。基准测试和江南洪水事件案例研究表明,UIDS 能够准确模拟城市洪水,尤其是次临界流。UIDS 的开源性质允许用户灵活访问和修改 MATLAB 代码。最终,UIDS 可望成为城市洪水建模和风险评估的可访问、可调整的工具。
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引用次数: 0
Global optimization-based calibration algorithm for a 2D distributed hydrologic-hydrodynamic and water quality model 基于全局优化的二维分布式水文-水动力和水质模型校准算法
IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 COMPUTER SCIENCE, INTERDISCIPLINARY APPLICATIONS Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106128
Marcus Nóbrega Gomes Jr. , Marcio Hofheinz Giacomoni , Fabricio Alonso Richmond Navarro , Eduardo Mario Mendiondo

Hydrodynamic models with rain-on-the-grid capabilities are usually computationally expensive for automatic parameter estimation. In this paper, we present a global optimization-based algorithm to calibrate a fully distributed hydrologic-hydrodynamic and water quality model (HydroPol2D) using observed data (i.e., discharge, or pollutant concentration) as input. The algorithm finds near-optimal set of parameters to explain observed gauged data. This framework, although applied in a poorly-gauged urban catchment, is adapted for catchments with more detailed observations. The results of the automatic calibration indicate NSE = 0.99 for the V-Tilted catchment, RMSE = 830 mg L-1 for salt concentration pollutograph in a wooden-plane (i.e., 8.3% of the event mean concentration), and NSE = 0.89 in a urban real-world catchment. This paper also explores the issue of equifinality (i.e., multiple parameters giving the same calibration performance) in model calibration indicating the performance variation of calibrating only with an outlet gauge or with multiple gauges within the catchment.

具有随网降雨功能的水动力模型在自动参数估计方面通常计算成本较高。在本文中,我们提出了一种基于全局优化的算法,利用观测数据(即排水量或污染物浓度)作为输入,校准全分布式水文-水动力和水质模型(HydroPol2D)。该算法可找到近乎最佳的参数集来解释观测到的测量数据。这一框架虽然适用于测量数据较少的城市集水区,但也适用于有更详细观测数据的集水区。自动校准结果表明,V 型倾斜集水区的 NSE = 0.99,木质平面中盐浓度轮廓图的 RMSE = 830 mg L-1(即事件平均浓度的 8.3%),城市实际集水区的 NSE = 0.89。本文还探讨了模型校准中的等效性问题(即多个参数具有相同的校准性能),指出仅使用出口测量仪校准或使用集水区内多个测量仪校准的性能差异。
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引用次数: 0
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Environmental Modelling & Software
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