Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125832
Kun Qiao, Shuting Wang, Aoxue Wang, Zhuoying Liang, Siyu Yang, Yongfang Ma, Shuying Li, Qingfu Ye, Wenjun Gui
The 1,2,4-triazole fungicides are extensively used in agriculture, and their impacts on aquatic organisms by continuous release are increasingly concerned. Aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for androgens converting to estrogens, is considered as a potential target for triazole fungicides. To reveal and predict the aromatase inhibition capacity of the existing and future developed triazole fungicides, 23 commonly used 1,2,4-triazole fungicides were used for the evaluation of their inhibitory effects (expressed as the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50)) on human aromatase by 3H-H2O release assay in the present study. Result showed the IC50 values spanned four orders of magnitude from the strongest of 44 nM (flusilazole) to the lowest of 0.330 mM (bitertanol). The aromatase inhibitory activity of the triazoles was also verified in vivo by zebrafish use two triazoles with relatively weak inhibition. Subsequently, the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling on the triazoles as aromatase inhibitors was constructed using stepwise regression analysis with the chemical structural descriptors including physicochemical, electronic and topological parameters. The optimal QSAR model was defined as pIC50 = -22.936 - 2.668 EHomo + 0.938 logD - 0.715 NHBD. The effectiveness and robustness of the model were evaluated by internal and external validation with residual assessment. The internal validation showed that the R2 and Radj2 were both higher than 0.700. The CCC and CCCExt were in acceptable levels as the cutoff value of 0.850. The cross-validation correlation coefficient Q2 and the external predictive correlation coefficients (Q2-F1, Q2-F2, and Q2-F3) were all greater than 0.600. The results of Y-Scrambling with 2000 iterations indicated the model had no accidental correlation as the average R2 of 0.166 and Q2 of -0.378. The findings offered data support for the potential risks associated with triazole fungicides in aquatic environment and provided theoretical guidance to expedite drug development and risk assessment.
{"title":"QSAR Modeling on Aromatase Inhibitory Activity of 23 Triazole Fungicides by Tritium-Water Release Assay","authors":"Kun Qiao, Shuting Wang, Aoxue Wang, Zhuoying Liang, Siyu Yang, Yongfang Ma, Shuying Li, Qingfu Ye, Wenjun Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125832","url":null,"abstract":"The 1,2,4-triazole fungicides are extensively used in agriculture, and their impacts on aquatic organisms by continuous release are increasingly concerned. Aromatase, a rate-limiting enzyme for androgens converting to estrogens, is considered as a potential target for triazole fungicides. To reveal and predict the aromatase inhibition capacity of the existing and future developed triazole fungicides, 23 commonly used 1,2,4-triazole fungicides were used for the evaluation of their inhibitory effects (expressed as the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>)) on human aromatase by <sup>3</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O release assay in the present study. Result showed the IC<sub>50</sub> values spanned four orders of magnitude from the strongest of 44 nM (flusilazole) to the lowest of 0.330 mM (bitertanol). The aromatase inhibitory activity of the triazoles was also verified <em>in vivo</em> by zebrafish use two triazoles with relatively weak inhibition. Subsequently, the Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling on the triazoles as aromatase inhibitors was constructed using stepwise regression analysis with the chemical structural descriptors including physicochemical, electronic and topological parameters. The optimal QSAR model was defined as <em>pIC</em><sub><em>50</em></sub> = -22.936 - 2.668 <em>E</em><sub><em>Homo</em></sub> + 0.938 <em>logD</em> - 0.715 <em>N</em><sub><em>HBD</em></sub>. The effectiveness and robustness of the model were evaluated by internal and external validation with residual assessment. The internal validation showed that the R<sup>2</sup> and R<sub>adj</sub><sup>2</sup> were both higher than 0.700. The CCC and CCC<sub>Ext</sub> were in acceptable levels as the cutoff value of 0.850. The cross-validation correlation coefficient Q<sup>2</sup> and the external predictive correlation coefficients (Q<sup>2</sup>-F1, Q<sup>2</sup>-F2, and Q<sup>2</sup>-F3) were all greater than 0.600. The results of Y-Scrambling with 2000 iterations indicated the model had no accidental correlation as the average R<sup>2</sup> of 0.166 and Q<sup>2</sup> of -0.378. The findings offered data support for the potential risks associated with triazole fungicides in aquatic environment and provided theoretical guidance to expedite drug development and risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125829
Lisa Vergelli , Francesca Frasca , Chiara Bertolin , Gabriele Favero , Anna Maria Siani
Gaseous organic and inorganic pollutants negatively affect cultural heritage materials, accelerating their deterioration. Although assessing their concentrations is crucial, these pollutants are rarely measured in indoor spaces housing artefacts, known as conservation spaces. This review examines 39 selected studies (1990–2023) encompassing 58 case studies in which gaseous organic pollutants were monitored in such spaces. Acetic and formic acids emerged as primary contributors to the deterioration of collections. The sites monitored, predominantly in Europe, were categorised into three scales: building scale (37 museums, 12 archives, 4 palaces, 7 worship places), room scale (exhibition rooms in 45 sites, storage rooms in 16 sites) and enclosure scale (conservation or display cases, microclimate frames, cabinets in 18 sites). Passive samplers were used more frequently than active ones, with continuous monitoring equipment being limited to total volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Across the sites, the median concentration and 95th percentile values for various pollutants were as follows: acetic acid at 68 ppb and 624 ppb; acetaldehyde at 8 ppb and 77 ppb; formic acid at 30 ppb and 227 ppb; formaldehyde at 27 ppb and 265 ppb; and total VOCs at 66 ppb and 1655 ppb. No clear correlation was found between pollutant concentrations and the use of old versus new enclosures, as both types can contribute to indoor pollution. Further research is needed to develop continuous monitoring technologies, improve active and passive sampling methods and establish standardised concentration thresholds to better preserve cultural heritage.
{"title":"Review of organic gaseous pollutant concentrations in indoor conservation spaces","authors":"Lisa Vergelli , Francesca Frasca , Chiara Bertolin , Gabriele Favero , Anna Maria Siani","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaseous organic and inorganic pollutants negatively affect cultural heritage materials, accelerating their deterioration. Although assessing their concentrations is crucial, these pollutants are rarely measured in indoor spaces housing artefacts, known as conservation spaces. This review examines 39 selected studies (1990–2023) encompassing 58 case studies in which gaseous organic pollutants were monitored in such spaces. Acetic and formic acids emerged as primary contributors to the deterioration of collections. The sites monitored, predominantly in Europe, were categorised into three scales: building scale (37 museums, 12 archives, 4 palaces, 7 worship places), room scale (exhibition rooms in 45 sites, storage rooms in 16 sites) and enclosure scale (conservation or display cases, microclimate frames, cabinets in 18 sites). Passive samplers were used more frequently than active ones, with continuous monitoring equipment being limited to total volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Across the sites, the median concentration and 95th percentile values for various pollutants were as follows: acetic acid at 68 ppb and 624 ppb; acetaldehyde at 8 ppb and 77 ppb; formic acid at 30 ppb and 227 ppb; formaldehyde at 27 ppb and 265 ppb; and total VOCs at 66 ppb and 1655 ppb. No clear correlation was found between pollutant concentrations and the use of old versus new enclosures, as both types can contribute to indoor pollution. Further research is needed to develop continuous monitoring technologies, improve active and passive sampling methods and establish standardised concentration thresholds to better preserve cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125829"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125818
David Salvatierra , Mohammed Ariful Islam , María Pilar González , Julián Blasco , Cristiano V.M. Araújo
In ecotoxicology, the non-forced exposure approach provides a complementary perspective to traditional ecotoxicity tests by giving the organisms an opportunity to flee to adjacent, less contaminated areas, thus allowing them to escape from any toxic effects. This approach recognizes the chemical heterogeneity among connected habitats with different levels of contamination. The Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS) is a non-forced aquatic assay system that allows the free movement of the organisms throughout various compartments with the possibility to select an area according to its attractiveness or aversiveness. This system expands the environmental risk assessment (ERA) by studying the habitat selection response based on the organism's ability to perceive the surrounding environment. This represents a new frontier in ERA, where different factors other than just contamination can be integrated to assess the cost-benefits balance when a habitat is selected. Thus, the HeMHAS has become a valuable habitat-selection based approach to assess the factors driving the spatial distribution of organisms in connected ecosystems with different levels of contamination. The aim of the current work is to describe the different types of HeMHAS, their ecological relevance, technical advantages and disadvantages, and to critically discuss its applicability and results that have been published in line with landscape and stress ecology.
{"title":"The Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS): A non-forced ecotoxicology test system to study contamination-driven habitat selection behavior from landscape and stress ecology perspectives","authors":"David Salvatierra , Mohammed Ariful Islam , María Pilar González , Julián Blasco , Cristiano V.M. Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In ecotoxicology, the non-forced exposure approach provides a complementary perspective to traditional ecotoxicity tests by giving the organisms an opportunity to flee to adjacent, less contaminated areas, thus allowing them to escape from any toxic effects. This approach recognizes the chemical heterogeneity among connected habitats with different levels of contamination. The Heterogeneous Multi-Habitat Assay System (HeMHAS) is a non-forced aquatic assay system that allows the free movement of the organisms throughout various compartments with the possibility to select an area according to its attractiveness or aversiveness. This system expands the environmental risk assessment (ERA) by studying the habitat selection response based on the organism's ability to perceive the surrounding environment. This represents a new frontier in ERA, where different factors other than just contamination can be integrated to assess the cost-benefits balance when a habitat is selected. Thus, the HeMHAS has become a valuable habitat-selection based approach to assess the factors driving the spatial distribution of organisms in connected ecosystems with different levels of contamination. The aim of the current work is to describe the different types of HeMHAS, their ecological relevance, technical advantages and disadvantages, and to critically discuss its applicability and results that have been published in line with landscape and stress ecology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 125818"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125825
Bart G. van Hall, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel
This study investigated the influence of soil organic matter (OM) content on the toxicity of five pesticides to Enchytraeus crypticus to assess the suitability of the correction factor (CF) of 2 currently applied to lipophilic (log Kow > 2) pesticides to correct for differences in bioavailability and toxicity between natural and artificial soil (AS) due to differences in OM content. Toxicity tests were performed following standardized guidelines using AS containing 10%, 5%, and 2.5% peat, and Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt (LUFA) 2.2 soil (4.5% OM). Likelihood-ratio tests showed that soil type significantly influenced the toxicity of non-lipophilic and lipophilic pesticides, and linear regression analyses revealed that toxicity strongly correlated with soil OM content in AS (R2 ≥ 0.96). Pesticide toxicity in LUFA 2.2 soil could not always be accurately predicted based on the OM content. Utilizing the obtainedtoxicity-OM regression equations, pesticide toxicity in soils containing 10.0% and 5.0% OM were modelled to assess the CF of 2. The differences in model-estimated toxicity between these soils ranged from 1.56 – 1.96 for EC50 values, and between 1.33 – 3.40 for EC10 values. EC50 values were compared with data from a sister paper on Eisenia andrei to identify differences between species. Toxicity ratios were always higher for earthworms (2.08 – 3.21) than for enchytraeids. This study shows that the CF of 2 suffers from erroneous assumptions concerning lipophilicity, OM content and toxicity. Moreover, it highlights the importance of assessing CFs for new test species before introducing them into European soil environmental risk assessment.
{"title":"The Influence of Soil Organic Matter Content on the Toxicity of Pesticides to the Enchytraeid Enchytraeus crypticus","authors":"Bart G. van Hall, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125825","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the influence of soil organic matter (OM) content on the toxicity of five pesticides to <em>Enchytraeus crypticus</em> to assess the suitability of the correction factor (CF) of 2 currently applied to lipophilic (log K<sub>ow</sub> > 2) pesticides to correct for differences in bioavailability and toxicity between natural and artificial soil (AS) due to differences in OM content. Toxicity tests were performed following standardized guidelines using AS containing 10%, 5%, and 2.5% peat, and Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt (LUFA) 2.2 soil (4.5% OM). Likelihood-ratio tests showed that soil type significantly influenced the toxicity of non-lipophilic and lipophilic pesticides, and linear regression analyses revealed that toxicity strongly correlated with soil OM content in AS (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.96). Pesticide toxicity in LUFA 2.2 soil could not always be accurately predicted based on the OM content. Utilizing the obtainedtoxicity-OM regression equations, pesticide toxicity in soils containing 10.0% and 5.0% OM were modelled to assess the CF of 2. The differences in model-estimated toxicity between these soils ranged from 1.56 – 1.96 for EC<sub>50</sub> values, and between 1.33 – 3.40 for EC<sub>10</sub> values. EC<sub>50</sub> values were compared with data from a sister paper on <em>Eisenia andrei</em> to identify differences between species. Toxicity ratios were always higher for earthworms (2.08 – 3.21) than for enchytraeids. This study shows that the CF of 2 suffers from erroneous assumptions concerning lipophilicity, OM content and toxicity. Moreover, it highlights the importance of assessing CFs for new test species before introducing them into European soil environmental risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125822
Yi Cong , Yisong Jiang , Mingxing Zhang , Shuo Cao , Qi Li , Zhaochuan Li , Fei Jin , Yadi Lou , Ying Wang , Huahong Shi , Juying Wang
Heavy metals and microplastics have been found to co-exist in marine sediment environments. Nevertheless, the impact of microplastics on modifying the toxicity of heavy metals to marine benthic organisms remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers (PET MFs, 100 μm in diameter, 500 items·kg−1·dw) on the toxicities and individual/subcellular bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd, 1, 10 and 100 μg g−1·dw) in the benthic polychaete, Perinereis aibuhitensis, after 28 days of sediment exposure. Exposure to either Cd (10 and 100 μg g−1) or PET MFs alone induced the intestinal inflammation response including cell vacuolation, villi exfoliation, and cytolysis, and the presence of PET MFs significantly aggravated the inflammatory response at a Cd concentration of 1 μg g−1. PET MFs also had a significant impact on oxidative stress biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonylation (PC) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity at 500 items·kg−1. In addition, compared to Cd exposure alone, co-exposure significantly reduced LPO and PC levels while enhancing GST enzyme activity at a Cd concentration of 100 μg g−1, suggesting a reduction in oxidative damage. Besides, co-exposure also significantly upregulated or downregulated the mRNA expression of selected genes involved in stress response (CAT, SOD, HSP70, HSP90), metabolism (CYP4) and detoxification (MPⅡ) as determined by real-time q-PCR. However, Cd bioaccumulation at individual or subcellular level was not affected by PET MFs, suggesting the key role of toxicity contribution of PET MFs themselves in the combined toxicity. The potential adverse effects of the co-existence of MFs and heavy metals in sediment environments under long-term exposure scenarios still require further validation.
{"title":"Impact of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers on histopathological and molecular responses induced by cadmium in the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis","authors":"Yi Cong , Yisong Jiang , Mingxing Zhang , Shuo Cao , Qi Li , Zhaochuan Li , Fei Jin , Yadi Lou , Ying Wang , Huahong Shi , Juying Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals and microplastics have been found to co-exist in marine sediment environments. Nevertheless, the impact of microplastics on modifying the toxicity of heavy metals to marine benthic organisms remains poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the impact of polyethylene terephthalate microfibers (PET MFs, 100 μm in diameter, 500 items·kg<sup>−1</sup>·dw) on the toxicities and individual/subcellular bioaccumulation of cadmium (Cd, 1, 10 and 100 μg g<sup>−1</sup>·dw) in the benthic polychaete, <em>Perinereis aibuhitensis</em>, after 28 days of sediment exposure. Exposure to either Cd (10 and 100 μg g<sup>−1</sup>) or PET MFs alone induced the intestinal inflammation response including cell vacuolation, villi exfoliation, and cytolysis, and the presence of PET MFs significantly aggravated the inflammatory response at a Cd concentration of 1 μg g<sup>−1</sup>. PET MFs also had a significant impact on oxidative stress biomarkers including lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonylation (PC) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity at 500 items·kg<sup>−1</sup>. In addition, compared to Cd exposure alone, co-exposure significantly reduced LPO and PC levels while enhancing GST enzyme activity at a Cd concentration of 100 μg g<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting a reduction in oxidative damage. Besides, co-exposure also significantly upregulated or downregulated the mRNA expression of selected genes involved in stress response (<em>CAT</em>, <em>SOD</em>, <em>HSP70</em>, <em>HSP90</em>), metabolism (<em>CYP4</em>) and detoxification (<em>MPⅡ</em>) as determined by real-time q-PCR. However, Cd bioaccumulation at individual or subcellular level was not affected by PET MFs, suggesting the key role of toxicity contribution of PET MFs themselves in the combined toxicity. The potential adverse effects of the co-existence of MFs and heavy metals in sediment environments under long-term exposure scenarios still require further validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 125822"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125824
Lucía Rivas-Iglesias, Álvaro Gutiérrez, Eduardo Dopico, Sara Fernández, Verónica Soto-López, Eva Garcia-Vazquez
In the life of the endangered but still fished Anguilla anguilla, glass eels are recruited through estuaries. These fragile ecosystems are among the most disturbed on the planet. Here, heavy metals and microplastics were measured in estuary water and European glass eels entering bay of Biscay rivers of different size and anthropogenic stress. Eels from all the estuaries exhibited cadmium exceeding legal European limits, as happened with lead in samples from the highly disturbed Avilés estuary. Several water samples from small rivers surpassed the estimated limit of microplastic for ecotoxicological safety. In multiple regression analysis, both eel lead and microplastic content were significantly explained from shipping activity in the estuaries. Eel cadmium content was not associated with estuary stressors, being probably acquired during the oceanic migration of eel larvae. The presence in eels of new white polyethylene particles that had not been found previously in the region could be explained from the marine plastic spill of “Toconao” cargo in December. The same spill could explain a significant increase of microplastic bioconcentration in the glass eels in comparison with previous surveys. These risks for critically endangered eels, and for the consumers, highlight the urgent need for reducing the impact of contaminants on both local and global scales.
{"title":"Endangered, exploited glass eels (Anguilla anguilla) with critical levels of heavy metals and microplastics reveal both shipping and plastic spill threats","authors":"Lucía Rivas-Iglesias, Álvaro Gutiérrez, Eduardo Dopico, Sara Fernández, Verónica Soto-López, Eva Garcia-Vazquez","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125824","url":null,"abstract":"In the life of the endangered but still fished <em>Anguilla anguilla</em>, glass eels are recruited through estuaries. These fragile ecosystems are among the most disturbed on the planet. Here, heavy metals and microplastics were measured in estuary water and European glass eels entering bay of Biscay rivers of different size and anthropogenic stress. Eels from all the estuaries exhibited cadmium exceeding legal European limits, as happened with lead in samples from the highly disturbed Avilés estuary. Several water samples from small rivers surpassed the estimated limit of microplastic for ecotoxicological safety. In multiple regression analysis, both eel lead and microplastic content were significantly explained from shipping activity in the estuaries. Eel cadmium content was not associated with estuary stressors, being probably acquired during the oceanic migration of eel larvae. The presence in eels of new white polyethylene particles that had not been found previously in the region could be explained from the marine plastic spill of “Toconao” cargo in December. The same spill could explain a significant increase of microplastic bioconcentration in the glass eels in comparison with previous surveys. These risks for critically endangered eels, and for the consumers, highlight the urgent need for reducing the impact of contaminants on both local and global scales.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125783
Xiaobin Zhang, Enhao Zhang, Dongyang Yang, Guowei Xin, Guowen Han
Urban dust pollution has posed adverse impacts on human’s life and global climate. Accurate identification of the source and timely forecasting of dust pollution in urban area is crucial for developing mitigation strategies and protecting residents from air pollution. In this paper, the field observations were conducted and two theoretical models of dust passing model and point-source diffusion model were proposed to study the sources, propagation paths and forecast methods during urban dust pollution. The results show that the urban dust events can be categorized as external-source dusts and local-source dusts by the differences of developing processes, meteorological conditions and electrical natures. Then, combining the direction of horizontal wind speed and horizontal electric field with the topographic maps, we identify that the external-source dust originates from Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert and propagates through the trumpet-shaped of terrain Qilian Mountains and the Helan Mountains to Lanzhou, which is in agreement with the result of HYSPLIT model. Whereas, the local-source dust is derived from the four bare ground areas located in upstream of the observation site and propagates along the Yellow River from northwest to southeast under the terrain condition that one river flow through two mountains. Finally, we suggest that external-source dusts can be forecasted by forward trajectory of HYSPLIT model and local-source dusts can be forecasted by establishing and monitoring anomalous changes of the three-dimensional electric fields on bare ground in the upstream of the urban area.
{"title":"Experiment study on the source identification and dust forecast based on the atmospheric electric field during urban dust pollution","authors":"Xiaobin Zhang, Enhao Zhang, Dongyang Yang, Guowei Xin, Guowen Han","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125783","url":null,"abstract":"Urban dust pollution has posed adverse impacts on human’s life and global climate. Accurate identification of the source and timely forecasting of dust pollution in urban area is crucial for developing mitigation strategies and protecting residents from air pollution. In this paper, the field observations were conducted and two theoretical models of dust passing model and point-source diffusion model were proposed to study the sources, propagation paths and forecast methods during urban dust pollution. The results show that the urban dust events can be categorized as external-source dusts and local-source dusts by the differences of developing processes, meteorological conditions and electrical natures. Then, combining the direction of horizontal wind speed and horizontal electric field with the topographic maps, we identify that the external-source dust originates from Badain Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert and propagates through the trumpet-shaped of terrain Qilian Mountains and the Helan Mountains to Lanzhou, which is in agreement with the result of HYSPLIT model. Whereas, the local-source dust is derived from the four bare ground areas located in upstream of the observation site and propagates along the Yellow River from northwest to southeast under the terrain condition that one river flow through two mountains. Finally, we suggest that external-source dusts can be forecasted by forward trajectory of HYSPLIT model and local-source dusts can be forecasted by establishing and monitoring anomalous changes of the three-dimensional electric fields on bare ground in the upstream of the urban area.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial degradation processes largely govern the fate of organic contaminants in the environment. Therefore, reliable evaluation of in situ biodegradation is essential for effective on-site contaminant management. Although compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) shows significant potential for assessing in situ attenuation and evaluating chemical and biodegradation mechanisms, empirical evidence supporting its application in the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is still lacking. Microbial degradation of trace persistent organic pollutants is a multifaceted process influenced by various factors, with substrate concentration being a key factor affecting isotopic fractionation. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, batch biodegradation experiments were conducted for analyzing the kinetics and carbon/chlorine isotope fractionation of chiral substrates (−)/(+)-PCB132 by Dehalococcoides mccartyi CG1 at varying substrate concentrations (0.3, 1.7, 2.4, 3.5, and 4.7 μM). The dechlorination of (−)/(+)-PCB132 was predominantly consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics (kobs) in most cases. However, when the ratio of substrate concentration to the density of functional microorganisms falls below a specific threshold (<5.3 × 10−3 μmol /(× 1010 CG1 cells)), a decline in observed kobs is noted as degradation time increases, ultimately approaching the lower limit of bioavailability (kobs = 0). Notably, substantial normal isotope fractionation was observed for the first time during the anaerobic degradation of (−)/(+)-PCB132, with the isotopic enrichment factor (ƐC) varying from −1.27 ± 0.18‰ to −2.22 ± 0.01 for (−)/(+)-PCB132. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the effect of substrate concentration, the observed isotope fractionation of (−)/(+)-PCB132 was considerably affected by putative biodegradation activity. Enhanced activity within the anaerobic degradation system resulted in pronounced isotope masking. This study aims to contribute to a foundational understanding of bacterial reductive dehalogenation of PCBs at differing substrate concentrations while considering bioavailability.
{"title":"Insights into anaerobic biotransformation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Dehalococcoides mccartyi CG1 through Kinetic and Stable Isotopic Analysis","authors":"Yanting Zhang, Yanhong Zeng, Chenchen Huang, Zijian Pan, Yiye Jiang, Qihong Lu, Shanquan Wang, Yankuan Tian, Shutao Gao, Xiaojun Luo, Ping’an Peng, Bixian Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125826","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial degradation processes largely govern the fate of organic contaminants in the environment. Therefore, reliable evaluation of in situ biodegradation is essential for effective on-site contaminant management. Although compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) shows significant potential for assessing in situ attenuation and evaluating chemical and biodegradation mechanisms, empirical evidence supporting its application in the microbial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is still lacking. Microbial degradation of trace persistent organic pollutants is a multifaceted process influenced by various factors, with substrate concentration being a key factor affecting isotopic fractionation. Herein, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time, batch biodegradation experiments were conducted for analyzing the kinetics and carbon/chlorine isotope fractionation of chiral substrates (−)/(+)-PCB132 by <em>Dehalococcoides mccartyi</em> CG1 at varying substrate concentrations (0.3, 1.7, 2.4, 3.5, and 4.7 μM). The dechlorination of (−)/(+)-PCB132 was predominantly consistent with pseudo-first-order kinetics (k<sub>obs</sub>) in most cases. However, when the ratio of substrate concentration to the density of functional microorganisms falls below a specific threshold (<5.3 × 10<sup>−3</sup> μmol /(× 10<sup>10</sup> CG1 cells)), a decline in observed k<sub>obs</sub> is noted as degradation time increases, ultimately approaching the lower limit of bioavailability (k<sub>obs</sub> = 0). Notably, substantial normal isotope fractionation was observed for the first time during the anaerobic degradation of (−)/(+)-PCB132, with the isotopic enrichment factor (Ɛ<sub>C</sub>) varying from −1.27 ± 0.18‰ to −2.22 ± 0.01 for (−)/(+)-PCB132. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the effect of substrate concentration, the observed isotope fractionation of (−)/(+)-PCB132 was considerably affected by putative biodegradation activity. Enhanced activity within the anaerobic degradation system resulted in pronounced isotope masking. This study aims to contribute to a foundational understanding of bacterial reductive dehalogenation of PCBs at differing substrate concentrations while considering bioavailability.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125820
Maria I. Laranjeiro, José Seco, Ivo dos Santos, Albert Bertolero, Eduarda Pereira, João P. Coelho, Jorge M. Pereira, José M. Reyes-González, Vítor H. Paiva, Jaime A. Ramos, Sara C. Novais, Joan Navarro, Filipe R. Ceia
This study examines blood mercury (Hg) concentrations in Calonectris sp. shearwaters from three colonies along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula (southwestern Europe), investigating their relationship with foraging ecology through GPS tracking and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) data during the breeding season. Hg levels exhibited a spatial gradient, increasing from the Atlantic Ocean (1.8 ± 0.4 μg g-1 dw) towards the Mediterranean Sea, with shearwaters from the Columbretes Islands (NW Mediterranean) showing the highest Hg levels (6.5 ± 2.1 μg g-1 dw). Individuals breeding in the Alboran Sea, a transition area between both basins, had intermediate Hg concentrations (3.1 ± 1.5 μg g-1 dw). All individuals were above the Hg toxicity threshold associated with negative reproductive, body condition, and immune system outcomes. However, all shearwaters had a Se:Hg molar ratio above 4, indicating effective protection of Se against Hg toxicity. Positive significant relationships between Hg concentrations, δ15N values, and time spent foraging in deep sea waters were observed in Mediterranean colonies, highlighting the ecological context’s role in Hg accumulation. Results suggest that feeding on higher trophic level prey, in deep-sea areas, and geographic location contribute to Hg accumulation in these populations. Given the potential health risks associated with elevated Hg levels, further research is warranted to explore the ecological factors driving Hg accumulation and the implications for the health status of these populations.
{"title":"Calonectris shearwaters reveal a gradient of mercury contamination along the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters of the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Maria I. Laranjeiro, José Seco, Ivo dos Santos, Albert Bertolero, Eduarda Pereira, João P. Coelho, Jorge M. Pereira, José M. Reyes-González, Vítor H. Paiva, Jaime A. Ramos, Sara C. Novais, Joan Navarro, Filipe R. Ceia","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125820","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines blood mercury (Hg) concentrations in <em>Calonectris</em> sp. shearwaters from three colonies along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of the Iberian Peninsula (southwestern Europe), investigating their relationship with foraging ecology through GPS tracking and stable isotopes (<em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N and <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C) data during the breeding season. Hg levels exhibited a spatial gradient, increasing from the Atlantic Ocean (1.8 ± 0.4 μg g<sup>-1</sup> dw) towards the Mediterranean Sea, with shearwaters from the Columbretes Islands (NW Mediterranean) showing the highest Hg levels (6.5 ± 2.1 μg g<sup>-1</sup> dw). Individuals breeding in the Alboran Sea, a transition area between both basins, had intermediate Hg concentrations (3.1 ± 1.5 μg g<sup>-1</sup> dw). All individuals were above the Hg toxicity threshold associated with negative reproductive, body condition, and immune system outcomes. However, all shearwaters had a Se:Hg molar ratio above 4, indicating effective protection of Se against Hg toxicity. Positive significant relationships between Hg concentrations, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N values, and time spent foraging in deep sea waters were observed in Mediterranean colonies, highlighting the ecological context’s role in Hg accumulation. Results suggest that feeding on higher trophic level prey, in deep-sea areas, and geographic location contribute to Hg accumulation in these populations. Given the potential health risks associated with elevated Hg levels, further research is warranted to explore the ecological factors driving Hg accumulation and the implications for the health status of these populations.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143257892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125800
Wei Yang , Wenpeng Lin , Yue Li , Yiwen Shi , Yi Xiong
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is one of the most severe factors contributing to urban air pollution, posing significant risks to human health and environmental quality. Urban vegetation, acting as a natural method for pollution mitigation, can effectively reduce harmful air particle concentrations through processes like adsorption and deposition. While much research has quantified urban vegetation's role in PM2.5 removal, the spatial variability and seasonal fluctuations of this process in urban environments remain poorly understood. Furthermore, few studies have quantitatively explored the environmental factors that influence this capability. Using Shanghai as a case study, this research estimates the PM2.5 reduction by urban vegetation in 2022, integrating the i-Tree Eco model with Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification. The results indicate that vegetation plays a significant role in PM2.5 removal, with a total annual removal of 835 tons and an average removal rate of 0.51 g per unit leaf area. The maximum annual air quality improvement reached 21.7%, with an average of 4.09%. The removal flux exhibited a clear "double peak" pattern throughout the year, with peaks occurring in late spring and late summer. Significant spatial variations in PM2.5 removal capacity were observed across different LCZs, ranked as follows: Dense Trees > Open Lowrise > Large Lowrise > Bush/Shrub > Scattered Trees > Others. Notably, Open Lowrise areas demonstrated considerable potential in both removal flux and total removal. The 38–42 mm evapotranspiration range was found to be the most effective for PM2.5 removal. However, when evapotranspiration exceeded 50 mm, removal efficiency showed a clear diminishing marginal effect, closely linked to the regulation of leaf stomatal opening and closing. The findings of this study underscore the importance of vegetation in improving air quality and provide valuable insights for urban planning and environmental policy.
{"title":"Estimating the seasonal and spatial variation of urban vegetation's PM2.5 removal capacity","authors":"Wei Yang , Wenpeng Lin , Yue Li , Yiwen Shi , Yi Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.125800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) is one of the most severe factors contributing to urban air pollution, posing significant risks to human health and environmental quality. Urban vegetation, acting as a natural method for pollution mitigation, can effectively reduce harmful air particle concentrations through processes like adsorption and deposition. While much research has quantified urban vegetation's role in PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal, the spatial variability and seasonal fluctuations of this process in urban environments remain poorly understood. Furthermore, few studies have quantitatively explored the environmental factors that influence this capability. Using Shanghai as a case study, this research estimates the PM<sub>2.5</sub> reduction by urban vegetation in 2022, integrating the i-Tree Eco model with Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification. The results indicate that vegetation plays a significant role in PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal, with a total annual removal of 835 tons and an average removal rate of 0.51 <em>g</em> <span><math><mrow><mo>⋅</mo><msup><mi>m</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>⋅</mo><msup><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> per unit leaf area. The maximum annual air quality improvement reached 21.7%, with an average of 4.09%. The removal flux exhibited a clear \"double peak\" pattern throughout the year, with peaks occurring in late spring and late summer. Significant spatial variations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal capacity were observed across different LCZs, ranked as follows: Dense Trees > Open Lowrise > Large Lowrise > Bush/Shrub > Scattered Trees > Others. Notably, Open Lowrise areas demonstrated considerable potential in both removal flux and total removal. The 38–42 mm evapotranspiration range was found to be the most effective for PM<sub>2.5</sub> removal. However, when evapotranspiration exceeded 50 mm, removal efficiency showed a clear diminishing marginal effect, closely linked to the regulation of leaf stomatal opening and closing. The findings of this study underscore the importance of vegetation in improving air quality and provide valuable insights for urban planning and environmental policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 125800"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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