Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124883
The influence of algae presence in surface water on the settling velocities of microplastics is unknown, and determining it is challenging due to the turbidity of algal suspensions. Measuring the settling velocity of microplastics has traditionally relied on either manual measurement techniques or 2D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). This study introduces a 3D-PTV method tailored to determine the effects of algae (Synechoccocussp.) on microplastic settling speeds in semi-large columns. We demonstrated that 3D PTV produces much more accurate results than 2D particle tracking. Testing the method in six experiments with varying algae concentrations revealed consistent results across the experiments and alignment with some theoretical approximations. The results were concurrent with calculated 2D speeds. No influence of algal density on settling velocities was found, which is highly relevant for microplastic fate modeling in eutrophic systems. We highlight the applicability and accuracy of 3D particle tracking velocimetry in further understanding microplastic settling behavior.
{"title":"3D analysis of microplastic settling in algal suspensions","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124883","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124883","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The influence of algae presence in surface water on the settling velocities of microplastics is unknown, and determining it is challenging due to the turbidity of algal suspensions. Measuring the settling velocity of microplastics has traditionally relied on either manual measurement techniques or 2D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV). This study introduces a 3D-PTV method tailored to determine the effects of algae (Synechoccocussp.) on microplastic settling speeds in semi-large columns. We demonstrated that 3D PTV produces much more accurate results than 2D particle tracking. Testing the method in six experiments with varying algae concentrations revealed consistent results across the experiments and alignment with some theoretical approximations. The results were concurrent with calculated 2D speeds. No influence of algal density on settling velocities was found, which is highly relevant for microplastic fate modeling in eutrophic systems. We highlight the applicability and accuracy of 3D particle tracking velocimetry in further understanding microplastic settling behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124015975/pdfft?md5=d02e3177d831c6aeb3912770cd5de474&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749124015975-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124880
Red tides occurring off the southern coast of Korea impact the marine ecosystem and aquaculture industries. Zooplankton are crucial in the food web, connecting primary producers to higher predators and interact diversely with red tide organisms. This study explores dynamics of the zooplankton community over seven years including three red tide and four non-red tide years in Tongyeong using metabarcoding. In non-red tide years, zooplankton diversity showed typical seasonal patterns, increasing from June to early October. However, during red tide years, diversity remained high, with a shift in species composition-decreased Copepoda and increased Branchiopoda, Echinodermata, Malacostraca, and Annelida. Diversity indices were significantly higher in red tide years across all periods except for the richness in “after” that showed an insignificant higher value. The differences in zooplankton assemblages across periods were influenced by surface temperatures and the density of the red tide-causing alga Margalefidinium polykrikoides. Eight species emerged as indicator species and showed direct correlations with M. polykrikoides and among them, seven species were indicator species for red tide occurrence years. The ecological characteristics of M. polykrikoides blooms and their recurrent occurrences over several decades suggest that zooplankton may adapt to the toxins and use these blooms as spawning cues. Overall, this study provides comprehensive understanding on changes in zooplankton communities during red tide events, offering novel insights into their ecology.
{"title":"Do red tide events promote an increase in zooplankton biodiversity?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124880","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124880","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Red tides occurring off the southern coast of Korea impact the marine ecosystem and aquaculture industries. Zooplankton are crucial in the food web, connecting primary producers to higher predators and interact diversely with red tide organisms. This study explores dynamics of the zooplankton community over seven years including three red tide and four non-red tide years in Tongyeong using metabarcoding. In non-red tide years, zooplankton diversity showed typical seasonal patterns, increasing from June to early October. However, during red tide years, diversity remained high, with a shift in species composition-decreased Copepoda and increased Branchiopoda, Echinodermata, Malacostraca, and Annelida. Diversity indices were significantly higher in red tide years across all periods except for the richness in “after” that showed an insignificant higher value. The differences in zooplankton assemblages across periods were influenced by surface temperatures and the density of the red tide-causing alga <em>Margalefidinium polykrikoides</em>. Eight species emerged as indicator species and showed direct correlations with <em>M. polykrikoides</em> and among them, seven species were indicator species for red tide occurrence years. The ecological characteristics of <em>M. polykrikoides</em> blooms and their recurrent occurrences over several decades suggest that zooplankton may adapt to the toxins and use these blooms as spawning cues. Overall, this study provides comprehensive understanding on changes in zooplankton communities during red tide events, offering novel insights into their ecology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974912401594X/pdfft?md5=b61f7fd052e9140e945e5504f36a480e&pid=1-s2.0-S026974912401594X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124884
River ecosystems currently face a significant threat of degradation and loss of biodiversity resulting from continuous emissions of persistent organic pollutants and human activities. In this study, multi-trophic communities were assessed using DNA metabarcoding in a relatively stable riverine sediment compartment to investigate the biodiversity dynamics in the Beiluo River, followed by an evaluation of their response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and land use changes. A total of 48 bacterial phyla, 4 fungal phyla, 4 protist phyla, 9 algal phyla, 31 metazoan phyla, and 12 orders of fish were identified. The total concentration of PAHs in the Beiluo River sediments ranged from 25.95 to 1141.35 ng/g, with low molecular weight PAHs constituting the highest proportion (68.67%), followed by medium (22.19%) and high (9.14%) molecular weight PAHs. Notably, in contrast to lower trophic level aquatic communities such as bacteria, algae, and metazoans, PAHs exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on fish. Furthermore, the diversity of aquatic communities displayed obvious heterogeneity across distinct land use groups. A high proportion of cultivated land reduced the biodiversity of fish communities but increased that of metazoans. Conversely, an elevated proportion of built-up land reduced metazoan biodiversity, while simultaneously enhancing that of fungi and bacteria. Generally, land use changes exert both indirect and direct effects on aquatic communities. The direct effects primarily influence the abundance of aquatic communities rather than their diversity. Nevertheless, PAHs pollution may have limited potential to disrupt community structures through complex species interactions, as the hub species identified in the co-occurrence network did not align with those significantly affected by PAHs. This study indicates the potential of PAHs and land use changes to cause biodiversity losses. However, it also highlights the possibility of mitigating these negative effects in riverine sediments through optimal land use management and the promotion of enhanced species interactions.
{"title":"Biodiversity of multi-trophic biological communities within riverine sediments impacted by PAHs contamination and land use changes","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>River ecosystems currently face a significant threat of degradation and loss of biodiversity resulting from continuous emissions of persistent organic pollutants and human activities. In this study, multi-trophic communities were assessed using DNA metabarcoding in a relatively stable riverine sediment compartment to investigate the biodiversity dynamics in the Beiluo River, followed by an evaluation of their response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and land use changes. A total of 48 bacterial phyla, 4 fungal phyla, 4 protist phyla, 9 algal phyla, 31 metazoan phyla, and 12 orders of fish were identified. The total concentration of PAHs in the Beiluo River sediments ranged from 25.95 to 1141.35 ng/g, with low molecular weight PAHs constituting the highest proportion (68.67%), followed by medium (22.19%) and high (9.14%) molecular weight PAHs. Notably, in contrast to lower trophic level aquatic communities such as bacteria, algae, and metazoans, PAHs exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on fish. Furthermore, the diversity of aquatic communities displayed obvious heterogeneity across distinct land use groups. A high proportion of cultivated land reduced the biodiversity of fish communities but increased that of metazoans. Conversely, an elevated proportion of built-up land reduced metazoan biodiversity, while simultaneously enhancing that of fungi and bacteria. Generally, land use changes exert both indirect and direct effects on aquatic communities. The direct effects primarily influence the abundance of aquatic communities rather than their diversity. Nevertheless, PAHs pollution may have limited potential to disrupt community structures through complex species interactions, as the hub species identified in the co-occurrence network did not align with those significantly affected by PAHs. This study indicates the potential of PAHs and land use changes to cause biodiversity losses. However, it also highlights the possibility of mitigating these negative effects in riverine sediments through optimal land use management and the promotion of enhanced species interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124890
Humans are exposed to a range of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many studies demonstrate that exposures to EDCs during critical windows of development can permanently affect endocrine health outcomes. Most experimental studies address changes in secretion of hormones produced by gonads, thyroid gland and adrenals, and little is known about the ability of EDCs to produce long-term changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) control axes. Here, we examined the long-term effects of three common EDCs on male mouse HP gene expression, following developmental exposures. Pregnant mice were exposed to 0.2 mg/ml solutions of bisphenol S (BPS), 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), or 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from pregnancy day 8 through lactation day 21 (weaning day). Male offspring were left untreated until postnatal day 140, where pituitaries and hypothalami were collected. Pituitaries were assed for gene expression via RNA sequencing, while specific genes were assessed for expression in hypothalami via RT-qPCR. Differential expression, as well as gene enrichment and pathway analysis, indicated that all three chemicals induced long-term changes, (mostly suppression) in pituitary genes involved in its endocrine function. BPS and BDE-47 produced effects overlapping significantly at the level of effected genes and pathways. All three chemicals altered pathways of gonad and liver HP axes, while BPS altered HP-adrenal and BDE-47 altered HP-thyroid pathways specifically. All three chemicals reduced expression of immune genes in the pituitaries. Targeted gene expression in the hypothalamus indicates down regulation of hypothalamic endocrine control genes by BPS and BDE-47 groups, concordant with changes in the pituitary, suggesting that these chemicals suppress overall HP endocrine function. Interestingly, all three chemicals altered pituitary genes of GPCR-mediated intracellular signaling molecules, key signalers common to many pituitary responses to hormones. The results of this study show that developmental exposures to common EDCs have long-term impacts on hormonal feedback control at the hypothalamic-pituitary level.
人类暴露于一系列干扰内分泌的化学品 (EDC)。许多研究表明,在发育的关键时期接触 EDCs 会对内分泌健康产生永久性影响。大多数实验研究针对的是性腺、甲状腺和肾上腺分泌激素的变化,而对 EDCs 在下丘脑-垂体(HP)控制轴产生长期变化的能力知之甚少。在此,我们研究了三种常见的 EDC 在雄性小鼠发育过程中暴露后对其 HP 基因表达的长期影响。从怀孕第 8 天到哺乳第 21 天(断奶日),怀孕小鼠暴露于 0.2 mg/ml 的双酚 S (BPS)、2,2',4,4'-四溴二苯醚 (BDE-47) 或 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) 溶液中。雄性后代在出生后第 140 天前未接受任何处理,并在该天收集垂体和下丘脑。通过 RNA 测序评估垂体的基因表达,通过 RT-qPCR 评估下丘脑中特定基因的表达。差异表达以及基因富集和通路分析表明,所有这三种化学物质都会诱导参与垂体内分泌功能的垂体基因发生长期变化(主要是抑制)。BPS 和 BDE-47 在受影响的基因和通路水平上产生了明显的重叠效应。所有这三种化学物质都改变了性腺和肝脏 HP 轴的通路,而 BPS 改变了肾上腺 HP 通路,BDE-47 则特别改变了甲状腺 HP 通路。所有三种化学物质都减少了垂体中免疫基因的表达。下丘脑中的靶向基因表达表明,BPS 和 BDE-47 组下丘脑内分泌控制基因受到了下调,这与垂体中的变化一致,表明这些化学物质抑制了整个 HP 内分泌功能。有趣的是,这三种化学物质都改变了垂体中由 GPCR 介导的细胞内信号分子的基因,而 GPCR 是垂体对激素做出许多反应的共同关键信号源。这项研究的结果表明,在发育过程中接触常见的 EDCs 会对下丘脑-垂体水平的激素反馈控制产生长期影响。
{"title":"Developmental exposures to common environmental pollutants result in long-term Reprogramming of hypothalamic-pituitary axis in mice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humans are exposed to a range of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many studies demonstrate that exposures to EDCs during critical windows of development can permanently affect endocrine health outcomes. Most experimental studies address changes in secretion of hormones produced by gonads, thyroid gland and adrenals, and little is known about the ability of EDCs to produce long-term changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) control axes. Here, we examined the long-term effects of three common EDCs on male mouse HP gene expression, following developmental exposures. Pregnant mice were exposed to 0.2 mg/ml solutions of bisphenol S (BPS), 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), or 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) from pregnancy day 8 through lactation day 21 (weaning day). Male offspring were left untreated until postnatal day 140, where pituitaries and hypothalami were collected. Pituitaries were assed for gene expression via RNA sequencing, while specific genes were assessed for expression in hypothalami via RT-qPCR. Differential expression, as well as gene enrichment and pathway analysis, indicated that all three chemicals induced long-term changes, (mostly suppression) in pituitary genes involved in its endocrine function. BPS and BDE-47 produced effects overlapping significantly at the level of effected genes and pathways. All three chemicals altered pathways of gonad and liver HP axes, while BPS altered HP-adrenal and BDE-47 altered HP-thyroid pathways specifically. All three chemicals reduced expression of immune genes in the pituitaries. Targeted gene expression in the hypothalamus indicates down regulation of hypothalamic endocrine control genes by BPS and BDE-47 groups, concordant with changes in the pituitary, suggesting that these chemicals suppress overall HP endocrine function. Interestingly, all three chemicals altered pituitary genes of GPCR-mediated intracellular signaling molecules, key signalers common to many pituitary responses to hormones. The results of this study show that developmental exposures to common EDCs have long-term impacts on hormonal feedback control at the hypothalamic-pituitary level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124887
Yuhao Zhou, Yan Zhu, Feifan Wu, Xiangjie Pan, Wei Li, Jiangang Han
Emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have aroused great concern in recent years. However, the knowledge of low concentration-induced hormesis was not well understood. This study evaluated and quantified hormetic effects of ofloxacin on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. LogNormal model predicted the maximal non-effect concentration was 0.13 mg/L and 2.96 mg/L at 3 and 21 d, respectively. The sensitive alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence suggested PSII was the main target. Transcriptomics revealed ofloxacin inhibited genes related to photosynthetic system while the cyclic electron around PSI decreased the pH value in stroma side and stimulated photoprotection via up-regulating psbS. The stimulation in citrate cycle pathway met the urgent requirements of energy for DNA replication and repair. In addition, the negative feedback of G3P in glycolysis pathway inhibited Calvin cycle. The degradation products illustrated the occurrence of multiple detoxification mechanisms such as demethylation and ring-opening. The mobilization of cytochrome P450 generated the constant detoxication of ofloxacin while glutathione was consumptively involved in biological binding. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic-induced hormesis in microalgae.
近年来,抗生素等新出现的污染物引起了人们的极大关注。然而,人们对低浓度诱导的荷尔蒙作用的了解并不多。本研究评估并量化了氧氟沙星对小球藻的激素效应。根据对数正态模型预测,3 d 和 21 d 时的最大无效应浓度分别为 0.13 mg/L 和 2.96 mg/L。叶绿素荧光的敏感变化表明 PSII 是主要靶标。转录组学显示氧氟沙星抑制了光合系统相关基因,而围绕 PSI 的循环电子降低了基质侧的 pH 值,并通过上调 psbS 促进光保护。柠檬酸循环途径的刺激满足了 DNA 复制和修复对能量的迫切需求。此外,糖酵解途径中 G3P 的负反馈抑制了卡尔文循环。降解产物显示了去甲基化和开环等多种解毒机制的出现。细胞色素 P450 的动员产生了对氧氟沙星的持续解毒作用,而谷胱甘肽则消耗性地参与了生物结合。这项研究为了解抗生素诱导微藻激素作用的分子机制提供了新的视角。
{"title":"Transcriptomics revealed the key molecular mechanisms of ofloxacin-induced hormesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa at environmentally relevant concentration.","authors":"Yuhao Zhou, Yan Zhu, Feifan Wu, Xiangjie Pan, Wei Li, Jiangang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Emerging pollutants such as antibiotics have aroused great concern in recent years. However, the knowledge of low concentration-induced hormesis was not well understood. This study evaluated and quantified hormetic effects of ofloxacin on Chlorella pyrenoidosa. LogNormal model predicted the maximal non-effect concentration was 0.13 mg/L and 2.96 mg/L at 3 and 21 d, respectively. The sensitive alterations in chlorophyll fluorescence suggested PSII was the main target. Transcriptomics revealed ofloxacin inhibited genes related to photosynthetic system while the cyclic electron around PSI decreased the pH value in stroma side and stimulated photoprotection via up-regulating psbS. The stimulation in citrate cycle pathway met the urgent requirements of energy for DNA replication and repair. In addition, the negative feedback of G3P in glycolysis pathway inhibited Calvin cycle. The degradation products illustrated the occurrence of multiple detoxification mechanisms such as demethylation and ring-opening. The mobilization of cytochrome P450 generated the constant detoxication of ofloxacin while glutathione was consumptively involved in biological binding. This study provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic-induced hormesis in microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benzo (k) fluoranthene (BkF) has adverse effects on male reproduction, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear. This study focused on the role of RNA reading protein YTHDF2 and its mechanism in BkF induced male reproductive injury. Mouse spermatocytes were exposed to 0, 40, 80, 160 μM BkF. It was found that BkF significantly increased the apoptosis of GC-2 spermatogonia and decreased its survival rate. BCL2 in spermatocytes decreased significantly, while the expression of P53 and BAX exhibited a notable increase. Interestingly, the expression of RNA reading protein YTHDF2 progressively rose in tandem with the escalating BkF exposure dosage. Overexpression of YTHDF2 significantly reduced the viability of cells and increased the apoptosis rate. Meanwhile, there was a substantial increase in the expression of P53 and BAX, BCL2 was significantly down-regulated. On the contrary, interfering with YTHDF2 increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, YTHDF2 overexpression exacerbated the decrease in cell viability under BkF exposure, while YTHDF2 knockdown was the opposite. The results from the RIP assay demonstrated a significant enhancement in the interaction of YTHDF2 protein to with BCL2 mRNA following the overexpression of YTHDF2. In addition, animal experiments showed that there was an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation of testicular cells in mice in the high-dose (30 mg/kg) BkF group by TUNEL staining and Ki67 staining. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Bcl2 levels were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the control group, while YTHDF2, P53 and BAX were dramatically increased. In summary, our study suggests that YTHDF2 has been implicated in BkF-induced male reproductive injury by promoting the degradation of BCL2.
{"title":"RNA reading protein YTHDF2 mediates Benzo(k)fluoranthene induced male reproductive injury by regulating the stability of BCL2.","authors":"Ya-Wen Li, Dan-Dan Wang, Hong-Qiang Chen, Yong Zeng, Na Wang, Yu Shi, Jiang-Ying Li, Ni-Ya Zhou, Da-Peng Wang, Qing Chen, Xue Han, Jia Cao, Wen-Bin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benzo (k) fluoranthene (BkF) has adverse effects on male reproduction, but its specific mechanism of action is still unclear. This study focused on the role of RNA reading protein YTHDF2 and its mechanism in BkF induced male reproductive injury. Mouse spermatocytes were exposed to 0, 40, 80, 160 μM BkF. It was found that BkF significantly increased the apoptosis of GC-2 spermatogonia and decreased its survival rate. BCL2 in spermatocytes decreased significantly, while the expression of P53 and BAX exhibited a notable increase. Interestingly, the expression of RNA reading protein YTHDF2 progressively rose in tandem with the escalating BkF exposure dosage. Overexpression of YTHDF2 significantly reduced the viability of cells and increased the apoptosis rate. Meanwhile, there was a substantial increase in the expression of P53 and BAX, BCL2 was significantly down-regulated. On the contrary, interfering with YTHDF2 increased cell proliferation and reduced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, YTHDF2 overexpression exacerbated the decrease in cell viability under BkF exposure, while YTHDF2 knockdown was the opposite. The results from the RIP assay demonstrated a significant enhancement in the interaction of YTHDF2 protein to with BCL2 mRNA following the overexpression of YTHDF2. In addition, animal experiments showed that there was an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in proliferation of testicular cells in mice in the high-dose (30 mg/kg) BkF group by TUNEL staining and Ki67 staining. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Bcl2 levels were significantly lower in the high-dose group than in the control group, while YTHDF2, P53 and BAX were dramatically increased. In summary, our study suggests that YTHDF2 has been implicated in BkF-induced male reproductive injury by promoting the degradation of BCL2.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124875
Scott L J Hepditch, Jason M E Ahad, Richard Martel, Tuan Anh To, Juan-Manuel Gutierrez-Villagomez, Ève Larocque, Ian J Vander Meullen, John V Headley, Qin Xin, Valerie S Langlois
Demand for unconventional crude oils continues to drive the production of diluted bitumen (dilbit) within Western Canada, promoting increased transport volumes across the extensive 700,000 km pipeline system of Canada and the USA. Despite this vast extent of terrestrial transport, the current understanding of the behavior and fate of spilled dilbit within shallow groundwater systems is limited. To this end, oil spill experiments with a dilbit (Cold Lake Blend) and a physicochemical comparative conventional heavy crude oil (Conventional Heavy Blend) were conducted for 104 days in large soil columns (1 m height × 0.6 m diameter) engineered to model contaminant transport in the unsaturated (vadose) zone. Around two-fold greater concentrations and 6-41 % faster rates of vadose zone transport of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were observed in the dilbit- compared to conventional heavy crude-contaminated columns. As determined by Orbitrap mass spectrometry, the OxSx species abundances in the acid extractable organics (AEOs) fraction of column leachate from both oil types increased over time, ostensibly due to microbial degradation of petroleum. Bioaccumulation of petroleum constituents in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae exposed to contaminated leachate was confirmed through the induction of developmental malformations lasting up to 34 days and increased abundance of cyp1a mRNA observed throughout the experiment. Toxicity was comparable between the two oils but could not be fully attributed to metals, BTEX, PACs or AEOs, implying the presence of uncharacterized teratogens capable of being transported within the vadose zone following terrestrial dilbit and conventional heavy crude oil surface spills.
{"title":"Behavior and toxicological impact of spilled diluted bitumen and conventional heavy crude oil in the unsaturated zone.","authors":"Scott L J Hepditch, Jason M E Ahad, Richard Martel, Tuan Anh To, Juan-Manuel Gutierrez-Villagomez, Ève Larocque, Ian J Vander Meullen, John V Headley, Qin Xin, Valerie S Langlois","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Demand for unconventional crude oils continues to drive the production of diluted bitumen (dilbit) within Western Canada, promoting increased transport volumes across the extensive 700,000 km pipeline system of Canada and the USA. Despite this vast extent of terrestrial transport, the current understanding of the behavior and fate of spilled dilbit within shallow groundwater systems is limited. To this end, oil spill experiments with a dilbit (Cold Lake Blend) and a physicochemical comparative conventional heavy crude oil (Conventional Heavy Blend) were conducted for 104 days in large soil columns (1 m height × 0.6 m diameter) engineered to model contaminant transport in the unsaturated (vadose) zone. Around two-fold greater concentrations and 6-41 % faster rates of vadose zone transport of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) were observed in the dilbit- compared to conventional heavy crude-contaminated columns. As determined by Orbitrap mass spectrometry, the O<sub>x</sub>S<sub>x</sub> species abundances in the acid extractable organics (AEOs) fraction of column leachate from both oil types increased over time, ostensibly due to microbial degradation of petroleum. Bioaccumulation of petroleum constituents in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) larvae exposed to contaminated leachate was confirmed through the induction of developmental malformations lasting up to 34 days and increased abundance of cyp1a mRNA observed throughout the experiment. Toxicity was comparable between the two oils but could not be fully attributed to metals, BTEX, PACs or AEOs, implying the presence of uncharacterized teratogens capable of being transported within the vadose zone following terrestrial dilbit and conventional heavy crude oil surface spills.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124784
Sewages from duck farms are often recognized as a major source of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic bacteria discharged to natural water bodies, but few studies depicted the dynamic changes in resistome and microbial communities in the rivers under immense exposure of sewage discharge. In this study, we investigated the ecological and environmental risks of duck sewages to the rivers that geographically near to the duck farms with short-distance (<1 km) using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that a total of 20 ARG types were identified with abundances ranged from 0.61 to 1.33 cpc. Of note, the genes modulate resistances against aminoglycoside, bacitracin and beta-lactam were the most abundant ARGs. Limnohabitans, Fluviibacter and Cyanobium were the top 3 predominant genera in the microbial community. The alpha diversity of overall microbial community decrease while the abundance of pathogen increase during the input of sewage within 200 m. Sul1 and bacA were the dominant ARGs brought from duck farm sewage. The community variations of ARGs and microbiome were primarily driven by pH and temperature. Total phosphorus was significantly correlated to alpha diversity and top 30 ARGs subtype. Stochastic processes was the dominated microbial assembly pattern and did not be altered by sewage. We also highlighted the ecological risk caused by blaGES which possibly could be mitigated by Cyanobacteria, and the natural water body can purify partial ARGs as well as microbiome from duck farms sewage. These findings expanded our knowledge regarding the ecological risks by wastes from the livestock farm, and underscoring the necessity to monitor ARGs in farm-surrounding water bodies.
{"title":"Metagenomic analysis unveiled the response of microbial community and antimicrobial resistome in natural water body to duck farm sewage","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sewages from duck farms are often recognized as a major source of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic bacteria discharged to natural water bodies, but few studies depicted the dynamic changes in resistome and microbial communities in the rivers under immense exposure of sewage discharge. In this study, we investigated the ecological and environmental risks of duck sewages to the rivers that geographically near to the duck farms with short-distance (<1 km) using 16S rRNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that a total of 20 ARG types were identified with abundances ranged from 0.61 to 1.33 cpc. Of note, the genes modulate resistances against aminoglycoside, bacitracin and beta-lactam were the most abundant ARGs. <em>Limnohabitans</em>, <em>Fluviibacter</em> and <em>Cyanobium</em> were the top 3 predominant genera in the microbial community. The alpha diversity of overall microbial community decrease while the abundance of pathogen increase during the input of sewage within 200 m. <em>Sul1</em> and <em>bacA</em> were the dominant ARGs brought from duck farm sewage. The community variations of ARGs and microbiome were primarily driven by pH and temperature. Total phosphorus was significantly correlated to alpha diversity and top 30 ARGs subtype. Stochastic processes was the dominated microbial assembly pattern and did not be altered by sewage. We also highlighted the ecological risk caused by <em>bla</em><sub>GES</sub> which possibly could be mitigated by Cyanobacteria, and the natural water body can purify partial ARGs as well as microbiome from duck farms sewage. These findings expanded our knowledge regarding the ecological risks by wastes from the livestock farm, and underscoring the necessity to monitor ARGs in farm-surrounding water bodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142054371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124885
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives (e.g., dechlorane plus (DPs) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)) are ubiquitous in various environmental media. However, limited data is available on these chemicals in edible fish species from the wide-open South China Sea (SCS). In the present study, ten legacy PBDEs and three substitutions (DBDPE and two DPs) were analyzed in 16 wild fish species sampled from the open SCS to investigate their spatial and species-specific variations. The results showed that the total concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and DPs in fish samples were in the range of 1.69–47.6, not detected (nd) to 21.0, and nd to 3.80 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. BDEs 47, 209 and 100 were the dominant target PBDE congeners, representing 49.2%, 17.2% and 9.93% of the total PBDE concentrations, respectively. Higher concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and DPs were found in fish species from the Wanshan Archipelago compared to those from the Mischief Reef and the Yongxing Island, suggesting the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. Species-specific differences in levels of PBDEs were observed, with the order of bathydemersal > demersal > pelagic ≈ reef-associated > benthopelagic species. The average fanti value of all fish samples was 0.68, suggesting commercial DP products as a contamination source. The levels of PBDEs, DPs, and DBDPE in fish samples were relatively low compared with those from other locations around the globe. Finally, the health risks concerning the ingestion of BDEs 47, 99, 153 and 209 via fish consumption collected from the SCS are negligible.
{"title":"Evidence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) in wild fish species from the remote tropical marine environment, south China sea","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124885","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124885","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives (e.g., dechlorane plus (DPs) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)) are ubiquitous in various environmental media. However, limited data is available on these chemicals in edible fish species from the wide-open South China Sea (SCS). In the present study, ten legacy PBDEs and three substitutions (DBDPE and two DPs) were analyzed in 16 wild fish species sampled from the open SCS to investigate their spatial and species-specific variations. The results showed that the total concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and DPs in fish samples were in the range of 1.69–47.6, not detected (nd) to 21.0, and nd to 3.80 ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. BDEs 47, 209 and 100 were the dominant target PBDE congeners, representing 49.2%, 17.2% and 9.93% of the total PBDE concentrations, respectively. Higher concentrations of PBDEs, DBDPE, and DPs were found in fish species from the Wanshan Archipelago compared to those from the Mischief Reef and the Yongxing Island, suggesting the significant influence of anthropogenic activities. Species-specific differences in levels of PBDEs were observed, with the order of bathydemersal > demersal > pelagic ≈ reef-associated > benthopelagic species. The average <em>f</em><sub>anti</sub> value of all fish samples was 0.68, suggesting commercial DP products as a contamination source. The levels of PBDEs, DPs, and DBDPE in fish samples were relatively low compared with those from other locations around the globe. Finally, the health risks concerning the ingestion of BDEs 47, 99, 153 and 209 via fish consumption collected from the SCS are negligible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124881
In residential environment, NO2 is an important air pollutant. Yet, the dynamics of indoor NO2 and source contributions to human exposure are not well understood. Here, we conducted a continuous NO2 measurement in and out of eight households in Guangzhou, China. Paired high time-resolution NO2 data sets indoors (kitchen, living room) and outdoors (balcony) were obtained with NO2 monitors. We summarized the indoor and outdoor NO2 levels, identified temporal variation patterns, analyzed indoor-outdoor relationships, and quantified source contributions to indoor NO2 exposure. Indoor NO2 were overall higher than outdoor NO2, and in most cases, the highest NO2 levels were observed in the kitchen. NO2 in the kitchen was characterized by multiple spikes associated with use of gas stoves, while NO2 in the living room was also elevated but the peaks were generally smaller. The indoor-outdoor correlations were stronger in winter than in summer, and were stronger in nighttime than daytime. The sources contributing to indoor NO2 were separated with a conceptual model. Overall, the outdoor NO2 source contributed 73%–76% of the NO2 in the kitchen, and 76%–85% in the living room. The source pattern was quite different: outdoor NO2 sources were present indoors all the time; by contrast, indoor NO2 sources were present sporadically but with a very high contribution. This has important implication to the exposure assessment that indoor NO2 sources lead to short-term high exposure, and deserves attention regarding acute health effects.
{"title":"Continuous measurement of the dynamics of residential indoor and outdoor NO2 and the contributions to human exposure","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In residential environment, NO<sub>2</sub> is an important air pollutant. Yet, the dynamics of indoor NO<sub>2</sub> and source contributions to human exposure are not well understood. Here, we conducted a continuous NO<sub>2</sub> measurement in and out of eight households in Guangzhou, China. Paired high time-resolution NO<sub>2</sub> data sets indoors (kitchen, living room) and outdoors (balcony) were obtained with NO<sub>2</sub> monitors. We summarized the indoor and outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> levels, identified temporal variation patterns, analyzed indoor-outdoor relationships, and quantified source contributions to indoor NO<sub>2</sub> exposure. Indoor NO<sub>2</sub> were overall higher than outdoor NO<sub>2</sub>, and in most cases, the highest NO<sub>2</sub> levels were observed in the kitchen. NO<sub>2</sub> in the kitchen was characterized by multiple spikes associated with use of gas stoves, while NO<sub>2</sub> in the living room was also elevated but the peaks were generally smaller. The indoor-outdoor correlations were stronger in winter than in summer, and were stronger in nighttime than daytime. The sources contributing to indoor NO<sub>2</sub> were separated with a conceptual model. Overall, the outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> source contributed 73%–76% of the NO<sub>2</sub> in the kitchen, and 76%–85% in the living room. The source pattern was quite different: outdoor NO<sub>2</sub> sources were present indoors all the time; by contrast, indoor NO<sub>2</sub> sources were present sporadically but with a very high contribution. This has important implication to the exposure assessment that indoor NO<sub>2</sub> sources lead to short-term high exposure, and deserves attention regarding acute health effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142131452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}