Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124896
The findings on the relationship between prenatal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and its constituent and children's growth trajectories are inconsistent. This association's sensitive exposure time window and possible gender differences remain unclear. Our aim was to determine the association between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its component and children's growth trajectories by the age of two. From 2015 to 2021, 6407 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the study. The PM2.5 include sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium (NH4+), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) datasets. Children were followed at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Population-based and individual-based methods were used to simulate child growth trajectories: slow growth, normal growth, and rapid growth. The distributed lags modeling was used to identify sensitive time windows for the effects of prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its components on child growth. Sex-stratified analyses estimated sex differences. Median concentrations [interquartile ranges (IQRs)] were 57.46(17.3), 10.59(3.8), 14.26(4.4), 8.69(2.8), 13.05(3.4), and 2.53(0.7) μg/m3 for PM2.5, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OM, and BC, respectively. Compared with the normal growth trajectory group, exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of rapid growth trajectory in boys (ORs with 95% CI for the entire, first trimester, and second trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.016[1.006,1.025], 1.007[1.002,1.011], 1.007[1.002,1.011]). Exposure to PM2.5 was significantly associated with a higher risk of slow growth trajectory in girls (ORs with 95% CI for the entire, second trimester, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.010 [1.001,1.018], 1.006 [1.001,1.011], 1.007 [1.002,1.012]). Prenatal PM2.5 and its composition exposure was positively associated with BMI peak in boys (βs with 95% CI for PM2.5, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OM, BC: 0.004[0.000,0.007], 0.025[0.006,0.044], 0.012[0.002,0.023], 0.022[0.004,0.039], 0.016[0.001,0.031], 0.082[0.005,0.159]), and not statistically significant in girls. We observed a more pronounced BC effect in our cohort. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its component, especially at 10–22 weeks of gestation, is associated with a higher risk of rapid growth in boys and a risk of slow growth in girls.
{"title":"Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and its composition on child growth trajectories in the first two years: A prospective birth cohort study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The findings on the relationship between prenatal exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and its constituent and children's growth trajectories are inconsistent. This association's sensitive exposure time window and possible gender differences remain unclear. Our aim was to determine the association between prenatal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its component and children's growth trajectories by the age of two. From 2015 to 2021, 6407 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in the study. The PM<sub>2.5</sub> include sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>), ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>), organic matter (OM), and black carbon (BC), from the ChinaHighAirPollutants (CHAP) datasets. Children were followed at birth, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Population-based and individual-based methods were used to simulate child growth trajectories: slow growth, normal growth, and rapid growth. The distributed lags modeling was used to identify sensitive time windows for the effects of prenatal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its components on child growth. Sex-stratified analyses estimated sex differences. Median concentrations [interquartile ranges (IQRs)] were 57.46(17.3), 10.59(3.8), 14.26(4.4), 8.69(2.8), 13.05(3.4), and 2.53(0.7) μg/m<sup>3</sup> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, OM, and BC, respectively. Compared with the normal growth trajectory group, exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> was significantly associated with a higher risk of rapid growth trajectory in boys (<em>OR</em>s with 95% <em>CI</em> for the entire, first trimester, and second trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.016[1.006,1.025], 1.007[1.002,1.011], 1.007[1.002,1.011]). Exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> was significantly associated with a higher risk of slow growth trajectory in girls (<em>OR</em>s with 95% <em>CI</em> for the entire, second trimester, and third trimester of pregnancy, respectively: 1.010 [1.001,1.018], 1.006 [1.001,1.011], 1.007 [1.002,1.012]). Prenatal PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its composition exposure was positively associated with BMI peak in boys (<em>β</em>s with 95% <em>CI</em> for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, OM, BC: 0.004[0.000,0.007], 0.025[0.006,0.044], 0.012[0.002,0.023], 0.022[0.004,0.039], 0.016[0.001,0.031], 0.082[0.005,0.159]), and not statistically significant in girls. We observed a more pronounced BC effect in our cohort. Prenatal exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its component, especially at 10–22 weeks of gestation, is associated with a higher risk of rapid growth in boys and a risk of slow growth in girls.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124016105/pdfft?md5=6a98f48f0bf4c70b400c85494e0b2623&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749124016105-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124898
Widespread contamination of soils by neurotoxic lead ions (Pb) posed a serious risk to food security, but efficient treatment in soil remained a challenge. For the adsorption of Pb, DFT calculations were firstly performed to predict the synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups as well as the ability of sulfur ions to strengthen Pb-OH bonding. Consequently, Mn-S functionalized coffee ground biochar (MSBC) was then synthesized utilizing precipitation and impregnation methods. In the soil experiment, the removal efficiency of Pb reached 82.92%, exceeding the previous research results. In addition, it successfully restored the polluted farmland near the mining area and increased the plant height of Swiss chard by 186.23%. Subsequently, synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups was confirmed by XPS, FT-IR, and DFT calculations. Furthermore, the factors affecting the structural stability of O-Pb-S were discussed by regression analysis. These reflected that MSBC can enhance the removal efficiency of Pb in soil by mitigating the competition of impurity ions to adsorption sites. These findings may provide new insights into the development of the specific passivation materials for other heavy metals.
{"title":"Understanding of manganese-sulfur functionalized biochar: Bridging effect enhanced specific passivation of lead in soil","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Widespread contamination of soils by neurotoxic lead ions (Pb) posed a serious risk to food security, but efficient treatment in soil remained a challenge. For the adsorption of Pb, DFT calculations were firstly performed to predict the synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups as well as the ability of sulfur ions to strengthen Pb-OH bonding. Consequently, Mn-S functionalized coffee ground biochar (MSBC) was then synthesized utilizing precipitation and impregnation methods. In the soil experiment, the removal efficiency of Pb reached 82.92%, exceeding the previous research results. In addition, it successfully restored the polluted farmland near the mining area and increased the plant height of Swiss chard by 186.23%. Subsequently, synergistic effect of sulfhydryl-hydroxyl groups was confirmed by XPS, FT-IR, and DFT calculations. Furthermore, the factors affecting the structural stability of O-Pb-S were discussed by regression analysis. These reflected that MSBC can enhance the removal efficiency of Pb in soil by mitigating the competition of impurity ions to adsorption sites. These findings may provide new insights into the development of the specific passivation materials for other heavy metals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142142461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124893
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) has received increasing attention because of its adverse effects on human health. Although HCBD is regulated under the Stockholm Convention, it is still widely detected in the environment. However, detailed reports on the chemical mechanisms of HCBD reactions in the environment are lacking. This review comprehensively summarizes HCBD's unintentional industrial sources and formation mechanisms, and chemical reactions and transformations in different media (gas, water, and biological phases). Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere can degrade and transform HCBD and potentially form other toxic compounds, such as phosgene. Aerobic pyrolysis of HCBD can generate complex byproducts. Further research is essential to fully understand the environmental behavior of HCBD.
{"title":"Chemical mechanisms of hexachlorobutadiene reactions in the environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) has received increasing attention because of its adverse effects on human health. Although HCBD is regulated under the Stockholm Convention, it is still widely detected in the environment. However, detailed reports on the chemical mechanisms of HCBD reactions in the environment are lacking. This review comprehensively summarizes HCBD's unintentional industrial sources and formation mechanisms, and chemical reactions and transformations in different media (gas, water, and biological phases). Photochemical reactions in the atmosphere can degrade and transform HCBD and potentially form other toxic compounds, such as phosgene. Aerobic pyrolysis of HCBD can generate complex byproducts. Further research is essential to fully understand the environmental behavior of HCBD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124902
Mengxia Wang, Bing Han, Dongye Zhao, Sen Hou, Weizhao Yin, Yanyan Gong
Faced with worldwide mercury (Hg) contamination in groundwater, efficient in situ remediation technologies are urgently needed. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized iron sulfide (CMC-FeS) nanoparticles have been found effective for immobilizing mercury in water and soil. Yet, the potential use of the nanoparticles for creating an in situ reactive zone (ISRZ) in porous geo-media has not been explored. This study assessed the transport and deliverability of CMC-FeS in sand media towards creating an ISRZ. The nanoparticles were deliverable through the saturated sand bed and the particle breakthrough/deposition profiles depended on the injection pore velocity, initial CMC-FeS concentration, and ionic strength. The transport data were well interpreted using an advection-dispersion transport model combined with the classical filtration theory. The resulting ISRZ effectively removed mercury from contaminated groundwater under typical subsurface conditions. While the operating conditions are yet to be optimized, the Hg breakthrough time can be affected by groundwater velocity, influent mercury concentration, dissolved organic matter, and co-existing metals/metalloids. The one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation well simulated the Hg breakthrough data. CMC-FeS-laden ISRZ effectively converted the more easily available Hg species to stable species. These findings reveal the potential of creating an ISRZ using CMC-FeS for in situ remediation of Hg contaminated soil and groundwater.
{"title":"In situ remediation of mercury-contaminated groundwater through an in situ created reactive zone enabled by carboxymethyl cellulose stabilized FeS nanoparticles.","authors":"Mengxia Wang, Bing Han, Dongye Zhao, Sen Hou, Weizhao Yin, Yanyan Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faced with worldwide mercury (Hg) contamination in groundwater, efficient in situ remediation technologies are urgently needed. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) stabilized iron sulfide (CMC-FeS) nanoparticles have been found effective for immobilizing mercury in water and soil. Yet, the potential use of the nanoparticles for creating an in situ reactive zone (ISRZ) in porous geo-media has not been explored. This study assessed the transport and deliverability of CMC-FeS in sand media towards creating an ISRZ. The nanoparticles were deliverable through the saturated sand bed and the particle breakthrough/deposition profiles depended on the injection pore velocity, initial CMC-FeS concentration, and ionic strength. The transport data were well interpreted using an advection-dispersion transport model combined with the classical filtration theory. The resulting ISRZ effectively removed mercury from contaminated groundwater under typical subsurface conditions. While the operating conditions are yet to be optimized, the Hg breakthrough time can be affected by groundwater velocity, influent mercury concentration, dissolved organic matter, and co-existing metals/metalloids. The one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation well simulated the Hg breakthrough data. CMC-FeS-laden ISRZ effectively converted the more easily available Hg species to stable species. These findings reveal the potential of creating an ISRZ using CMC-FeS for in situ remediation of Hg contaminated soil and groundwater.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124891
Phthalate esters (PAEs), as emerging pollutants, pose a serious threat to human health and have become a major concern in the fields of environmental protection and food safety. Selective adsorption using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is feasible, but most MIPs use the potentially toxic methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, along with other crosslinking agents. In this study, MIP adsorbent was prepared using only ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as both the functional monomer and crosslinking agent, without the inclusion of MAA. The adsorbent was utilized for the adsorption of PAEs from an ethanol aqueous solution. The results showed that EGDMA-based MIP (EMIP) achieved better adsorption performance of PAEs than MAA-based MIP (MMIP) due to more interactions of EGDMA with PAEs than MAA with them. For the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) using EMIP, 95% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity was achieved within the first 15 min. In the isotherm analysis, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of EMIP was obtained as high as 159.24 mg/g at 20 °C in an ethanol (10 v%) aqueous solution. Furthermore, the adsorption of EMIP was not affected by the pH of the solution. The adsorption process of EMIP followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model. Ethanol had a significant impact on the adsorption of DBP, and the results of molecular simulation could validate this. In addition, the regeneration experiments indicated that EMIP could be recycled 5 times without significant performance change and had a high recovery efficiency of 94.55%.
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为新兴污染物,对人类健康构成严重威胁,已成为环境保护和食品安全领域的一个主要问题。使用分子印迹聚合物(MIP)进行选择性吸附是可行的,但大多数 MIP 都使用具有潜在毒性的甲基丙烯酸(MAA)作为功能单体,并使用其他交联剂。在本研究中,只使用乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)作为功能单体和交联剂,而不使用甲基丙烯酸。该吸附剂用于吸附乙醇水溶液中的 PAE。结果表明,与基于 MAA 的 MIP(MMIP)相比,基于 EGDMA 的 MIP(EMIP)对 PAEs 的吸附性能更好,这是因为 EGDMA 与 PAEs 的相互作用比 MAA 与 PAEs 的相互作用更多。使用 EMIP 吸附邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)时,在最初的 15 分钟内达到了 95% 的平衡吸附容量。在等温线分析中,EMIP 在乙醇(10 v%)水溶液中的理论最大吸附容量在 20 °C 时高达 159.24 mg/g。此外,EMIP 的吸附不受溶液 pH 值的影响。EMIP 的吸附过程遵循假二阶动力学和 Freundlich 等温线模型。乙醇对 DBP 的吸附有显著影响,分子模拟的结果也验证了这一点。此外,再生实验表明,EMIP 可循环使用 5 次而性能无明显变化,回收效率高达 94.55%。
{"title":"Preparation of novel magnetic ethylene glycol dimethacrylate-based molecularly imprinted polymer for rapid adsorption of phthalate esters from ethanol aqueous solution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phthalate esters (PAEs), as emerging pollutants, pose a serious threat to human health and have become a major concern in the fields of environmental protection and food safety. Selective adsorption using molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) is feasible, but most MIPs use the potentially toxic methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, along with other crosslinking agents. In this study, MIP adsorbent was prepared using only ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as both the functional monomer and crosslinking agent, without the inclusion of MAA. The adsorbent was utilized for the adsorption of PAEs from an ethanol aqueous solution. The results showed that EGDMA-based MIP (EMIP) achieved better adsorption performance of PAEs than MAA-based MIP (MMIP) due to more interactions of EGDMA with PAEs than MAA with them. For the adsorption of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) using EMIP, 95% of the equilibrium adsorption capacity was achieved within the first 15 min. In the isotherm analysis, the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of EMIP was obtained as high as 159.24 mg/g at 20 °C in an ethanol (10 v%) aqueous solution. Furthermore, the adsorption of EMIP was not affected by the pH of the solution. The adsorption process of EMIP followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model. Ethanol had a significant impact on the adsorption of DBP, and the results of molecular simulation could validate this. In addition, the regeneration experiments indicated that EMIP could be recycled 5 times without significant performance change and had a high recovery efficiency of 94.55%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124882
Zichun Huang, Chu Wang, Guorui Liu, Lili Yang, Xi Luo, Yong Liang, Pu Wang, Minghui Zheng
Historical chlor-alkali production has led to substantial concentrations of persistent organic pollutant residues in the environment. This study systematically investigated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated/brominated-PAHs (Cl/Br-PAHs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) in sediment, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and fish samples from Ya-Er Lake, which is a site in China with historical chlor-alkali contamination. The average concentrations [(4.97-1.47) × 103 ng/g dry weight (dw)] of these pollutants in backfill sediments, which were dredged from the lake after chlor-alkali production stopped, were 2.68-70.87 times those in fresh lake sediments (0.622-218 ng/g dw) and reported concentrations in other areas. Correlation analyses indicated that Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs, and PCNs likely originated from halogenation of parent PAHs in the study area, and the chlorination ratios were larger than those of bromination. The Cl(1/2/3)-PAHs/PAHs and Br(1)-PAHs/PAHs ratios were higher than those for PAHs with more halogen atoms. This contamination extended into the biota, with notable pollutant burdens found in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, 0.305-77.3 ng/g dw) and even higher concentrations in fish (2.20-345 ng/g lipid weight). Estimated biological soil accumulation factors revealed significant enrichment in lotus organs (mean: 7.19) and fish muscle (mean: 10.65), especially the latter, which highlighted bioaccumulation and potential food chain transfer risks. The estimated daily intakes of PAHs, Cl/Br-PAHs, and HCBD through fish consumption currently pose negligible risks, while dietary intake of PCNs may present health concerns. Continuous monitoring and impact assessments are crucial for developing appropriate risk management strategies to safeguard public health.
{"title":"Unintentionally-produced persistent organic pollutants in the aquatic environment contaminated from historical chlor-alkali production.","authors":"Zichun Huang, Chu Wang, Guorui Liu, Lili Yang, Xi Luo, Yong Liang, Pu Wang, Minghui Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Historical chlor-alkali production has led to substantial concentrations of persistent organic pollutant residues in the environment. This study systematically investigated the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated/brominated-PAHs (Cl/Br-PAHs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), and hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD) in sediment, lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), and fish samples from Ya-Er Lake, which is a site in China with historical chlor-alkali contamination. The average concentrations [(4.97-1.47) × 10<sup>3</sup> ng/g dry weight (dw)] of these pollutants in backfill sediments, which were dredged from the lake after chlor-alkali production stopped, were 2.68-70.87 times those in fresh lake sediments (0.622-218 ng/g dw) and reported concentrations in other areas. Correlation analyses indicated that Cl-PAHs, Br-PAHs, and PCNs likely originated from halogenation of parent PAHs in the study area, and the chlorination ratios were larger than those of bromination. The Cl<sub>(1/2/3)</sub>-PAHs/PAHs and Br<sub>(1)</sub>-PAHs/PAHs ratios were higher than those for PAHs with more halogen atoms. This contamination extended into the biota, with notable pollutant burdens found in lotus (Nelumbo nucifera, 0.305-77.3 ng/g dw) and even higher concentrations in fish (2.20-345 ng/g lipid weight). Estimated biological soil accumulation factors revealed significant enrichment in lotus organs (mean: 7.19) and fish muscle (mean: 10.65), especially the latter, which highlighted bioaccumulation and potential food chain transfer risks. The estimated daily intakes of PAHs, Cl/Br-PAHs, and HCBD through fish consumption currently pose negligible risks, while dietary intake of PCNs may present health concerns. Continuous monitoring and impact assessments are crucial for developing appropriate risk management strategies to safeguard public health.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lead ions (Pb2+) are heavy metal environmental pollutants that can significantly impact biological health. In this study, the synthesis of a ternary nanocomposite, ErVO4/P@g-C3N4/SnS2, was achieved using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and mechanical grinding. The as-fabricated photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was found to be an ideal substrate for Pb2+ detection with high sensitivity and reliability. The ErVO4/P@g-C3N4/SnS2/FTO was selected as the substrate because of its remarkable and reliable photocurrent response. The Pb2+ sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.1 pM and a broad linear range of 0.002 to 0.2 nM. Moreover, the sensor exhibited outstanding stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. In real-time applications, it exhibited stable recovery and a low relative standard deviation, ensuring reliable and accurate measurements. The as-prepared PEC sensor was highly stable for the detection of Pb2+ in different water samples. This promising characteristic highlights its significant potential for use in the detection of environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Selective and stable visible-light-prompted scavenger-free photoelectrochemical strategy based on a ternary ErVO<sub>4</sub>/P@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/SnS<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite for the detection of lead ions in different water samples.","authors":"Abishek Jayapaul, Sanjay Ballur Prasanna, Lu-Yin Lin, Yeh-Fang Duann, Yu-Chien Lin, Ren-Jei Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lead ions (Pb<sup>2+</sup>) are heavy metal environmental pollutants that can significantly impact biological health. In this study, the synthesis of a ternary nanocomposite, ErVO<sub>4</sub>/P@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/SnS<sub>2</sub>, was achieved using a combination of hydrothermal synthesis and mechanical grinding. The as-fabricated photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor was found to be an ideal substrate for Pb<sup>2+</sup> detection with high sensitivity and reliability. The ErVO<sub>4</sub>/P@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/SnS<sub>2</sub>/FTO was selected as the substrate because of its remarkable and reliable photocurrent response. The Pb<sup>2+</sup> sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.1 pM and a broad linear range of 0.002 to 0.2 nM. Moreover, the sensor exhibited outstanding stability, selectivity, and reproducibility. In real-time applications, it exhibited stable recovery and a low relative standard deviation, ensuring reliable and accurate measurements. The as-prepared PEC sensor was highly stable for the detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> in different water samples. This promising characteristic highlights its significant potential for use in the detection of environmental pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124840
The oil sands area of northern Alberta has river sediments that contain natural bitumen. Eggs and fish in these rivers may be exposed to bitumen-related chemicals early in life. This paper assesses a short embryo-larval fish exposure to oil sands sediment and follows the fish behaviour as they mature in clean water and examines their breeding success as adults (5 months afterwards). The three different oil sands river sediments tested were: a sediment collected outside of the bitumen deposit (tested at 3 g/L, Reference sediment from upstream Steepbank River site), and two sediments collected within the deposit (each tested at low (1 g/L) and high (3 g/L) concentrations). The sediments within the bitumen deposit were from the Ells and Steepbank (Stp) Rivers, and both contained significant total PAHs (>170 ng/g wet weight sediment) and alkylated PAHs (>4480 ng/g). Fish were exposed to these sediments for 21 days (as eggs and larval fish), and then transferred permanently to clean water to mature and breed. There was a significant decrease in the number of egg clutches produced by fish exposed early in life to Stp downstream high sediment (compared to Reference sediment). There was also a decrease in overall cumulative egg production, with fish from Stp downstream high sediment producing just over 1000 eggs in total while fish exposed to Ref sediment produced nearly 6900 eggs. The fish with reduced egg production were also less social than expected as they matured, and they had a lower % of early vitellogenic eggs in their ovaries. Overall, the exposure shows that a single, brief exposure during early life stages to natural bitumen can affect fish in adulthood. Naturally occurring bitumen-derived PAHs can reduce fish reproductive output by complex mechanisms, measurable as lower ovary maturity and changes in social behaviour.
{"title":"Long-term effects of an early-life exposure of fathead minnows to sediments containing bitumen. Part II: Behaviour, reproduction, and gonad histopathology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oil sands area of northern Alberta has river sediments that contain natural bitumen. Eggs and fish in these rivers may be exposed to bitumen-related chemicals early in life. This paper assesses a short embryo-larval fish exposure to oil sands sediment and follows the fish behaviour as they mature in clean water and examines their breeding success as adults (5 months afterwards). The three different oil sands river sediments tested were: a sediment collected outside of the bitumen deposit (tested at 3 g/L, Reference sediment from upstream Steepbank River site), and two sediments collected within the deposit (each tested at low (1 g/L) and high (3 g/L) concentrations). The sediments within the bitumen deposit were from the Ells and Steepbank (Stp) Rivers, and both contained significant total PAHs (>170 ng/g wet weight sediment) and alkylated PAHs (>4480 ng/g). Fish were exposed to these sediments for 21 days (as eggs and larval fish), and then transferred permanently to clean water to mature and breed. There was a significant decrease in the number of egg clutches produced by fish exposed early in life to Stp downstream high sediment (compared to Reference sediment). There was also a decrease in overall cumulative egg production, with fish from Stp downstream high sediment producing just over 1000 eggs in total while fish exposed to Ref sediment produced nearly 6900 eggs. The fish with reduced egg production were also less social than expected as they matured, and they had a lower % of early vitellogenic eggs in their ovaries. Overall, the exposure shows that a single, brief exposure during early life stages to natural bitumen can affect fish in adulthood. Naturally occurring bitumen-derived PAHs can reduce fish reproductive output by complex mechanisms, measurable as lower ovary maturity and changes in social behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749124015549/pdfft?md5=1dc44527d5ab1ef95b7079ea4f248bdb&pid=1-s2.0-S0269749124015549-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142144565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124872
Heterocapsa bohaiensis is a newly identified dinoflagellate species that causes harmful blooms in coastal areas in China, Malaysian, and New Caledonian. These blooms have led to substantial economic losses for local aquaculture. Previous studies have mainly focused on understanding the toxicity of H. bohaiensis. However, the causes of H. bohaiensis blooms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to ascertain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) requirements for the growth and reproduction of H. bohaiensis. Additionally, we sought to understand the functional mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomes of H. bohaiensis under nutrient-limited conditions and control conditions. The results revealed a wide range of acceptable N:P ratios for H. bohainensis, attributed to a mechanism involving nutrient storage, which allowed H. bohainensis to sustain its growth even when either nitrate or phosphate was depleted. Higher N:P ratios (>27.5) were more conducive to the growth of H. bohainensis than f/2 medium or low ratios, which is related to the N:P ratios absorbed by H. bohainensis. The toxicity of H. bohainensis was significantly enhanced in N-limited or P-limited states. These findings underscore the significance of the physiological metabolism of H. bohainensis in adapting to environmental stresses induced by human activities and establishing the dominance of blooms.
{"title":"Effects of nutrient ratios on a newly harmful dinoflagellate Heterocapsa bohaiensis: Evidence from growth, toxicity and transcriptome analyses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Heterocapsa bohaiensis</em> is a newly identified dinoflagellate species that causes harmful blooms in coastal areas in China, Malaysian, and New Caledonian. These blooms have led to substantial economic losses for local aquaculture. Previous studies have mainly focused on understanding the toxicity of <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. However, the causes of <em>H. bohaiensis</em> blooms remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to ascertain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) requirements for the growth and reproduction of <em>H. bohaiensis</em>. Additionally, we sought to understand the functional mechanisms by comparing the transcriptomes of <em>H. bohaiensis</em> under nutrient-limited conditions and control conditions. The results revealed a wide range of acceptable N:P ratios for <em>H. bohainensis</em>, attributed to a mechanism involving nutrient storage, which allowed <em>H. bohainensis</em> to sustain its growth even when either nitrate or phosphate was depleted. Higher N:P ratios (>27.5) were more conducive to the growth of <em>H. bohainensis</em> than f/2 medium or low ratios, which is related to the N:P ratios absorbed by <em>H. bohainensis</em>. The toxicity of <em>H. bohainensis</em> was significantly enhanced in N-limited or P-limited states. These findings underscore the significance of the physiological metabolism of <em>H. bohainensis</em> in adapting to environmental stresses induced by human activities and establishing the dominance of blooms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124819
Pan Yang, Hui Wang, Xiaomeng Wu, Shupei Xiao, Xuan Zheng, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu
Assessing the emissions of heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) is crucial for managing air quality in megacities, especially concerning nitrogen oxides (NOX) and black carbon (BC). This study employed mobile plume chasing to monitor the real-world emissions of over 7,778 HDDTs in Shenzhen. The findings indicate that the real-world NOX emission factors (EF) of China IV trucks did not differ significantly from those of China III, whereas China V and VI vehicles demonstrated fleet-averaged reductions of 27% and 85%, respectively. For China V, a significant decrease in the NOX EF for HDDTs registered after 2017 was attributed to the installation of advanced aftertreatment systems, including diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and Diesel Particle Filters (DPF), along with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). These technologies led to an average reduction of 42% in NOX and 61% in BC emissions. Seasonal variations were pronounced, with winter (∼20°C) NOX EF 40% higher than summer (∼35°C) levels. Conversely, BC EF decreased by 26% in winter, indicating significant impacts of ambient temperature on emissions. Spatial analysis revealed that the average NOX EF of HDDTs on east freeways was 1.4 times higher than that on urban expressways, influenced by variations in the proportion of vehicle types segmented by usage. These findings offer a comprehensive perspective on HDDTs emissions, highlighting the importance of large-scale emission monitoring through plume chasing for precise and effective control of real-world HDDTs emissions.
评估重型柴油卡车(HDDTs)的排放对管理特大城市的空气质量至关重要,尤其是氮氧化物(NOX)和黑碳(BC)的排放。本研究采用移动烟羽跟踪技术监测了深圳 7778 辆重型柴油货车的实际排放情况。研究结果表明,国四卡车的实际氮氧化物排放因子(EF)与国三卡车没有显著差异,而国五和国六车辆的车队平均氮氧化物排放因子分别降低了 27% 和 85%。就国五而言,2017 年后登记的重型卡车氮氧化物排放系数大幅下降,这归功于安装了先进的后处理系统,包括柴油氧化催化剂(DOC)和柴油微粒滤清器(DPF)以及选择性催化还原(SCR)。这些技术使 NOX 和 BC 排放量分别平均减少了 42% 和 61%。季节性变化明显,冬季(20°C 以下)的 NOX EF 比夏季(35°C 以下)高 40%。相反,冬季的 BC EF 下降了 26%,表明环境温度对排放有显著影响。空间分析表明,受按用途划分的车辆类型比例变化的影响,东部高速公路上的高清滴滴涕的平均氮氧化物排放系数是城市快速路的1.4倍。这些研究结果提供了有关 HDDTs 排放的全面视角,强调了通过羽流追逐进行大规模排放监测对于精确有效地控制现实世界中 HDDTs 排放的重要性。
{"title":"Long-term plume-chasing measurements: Emission characteristics and spatial patterns of heavy-duty trucks in a megacity.","authors":"Pan Yang, Hui Wang, Xiaomeng Wu, Shupei Xiao, Xuan Zheng, Yan You, Shaojun Zhang, Ye Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Assessing the emissions of heavy-duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) is crucial for managing air quality in megacities, especially concerning nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>X</sub>) and black carbon (BC). This study employed mobile plume chasing to monitor the real-world emissions of over 7,778 HDDTs in Shenzhen. The findings indicate that the real-world NO<sub>X</sub> emission factors (EF) of China IV trucks did not differ significantly from those of China III, whereas China V and VI vehicles demonstrated fleet-averaged reductions of 27% and 85%, respectively. For China V, a significant decrease in the NO<sub>X</sub> EF for HDDTs registered after 2017 was attributed to the installation of advanced aftertreatment systems, including diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) and Diesel Particle Filters (DPF), along with selective catalytic reduction (SCR). These technologies led to an average reduction of 42% in NO<sub>X</sub> and 61% in BC emissions. Seasonal variations were pronounced, with winter (∼20°C) NO<sub>X</sub> EF 40% higher than summer (∼35°C) levels. Conversely, BC EF decreased by 26% in winter, indicating significant impacts of ambient temperature on emissions. Spatial analysis revealed that the average NO<sub>X</sub> EF of HDDTs on east freeways was 1.4 times higher than that on urban expressways, influenced by variations in the proportion of vehicle types segmented by usage. These findings offer a comprehensive perspective on HDDTs emissions, highlighting the importance of large-scale emission monitoring through plume chasing for precise and effective control of real-world HDDTs emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142138804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}