Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126067
Dongjian Yang, Yanling Shen, Qun Wang, Xin Sun, Mengxiang Li, Jinjing Shi, Lei Chen, Jun Zhang, Xinhua Ji
Adequate vitamin D is essential for the health of both the mother and foetus, and it can be influenced by environmental factors. However, research on the associations between greenness exposure and vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy is limited. This retrospective birth cohort study, conducted from 2014 to 2018, assessed the greenness of residences using the satellite-derived normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were categorised as non-deficient (≥50 nmol/L) or deficient (<50 nmol/L). Multiple log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the association of NDVI with serum 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Subgroup and mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the association of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the association between NDVI and VDD. A total of 64,663 pregnant women with a mean maternal age of 30.6 (standard deviation: 3.86) years were included. 250-m NDVI was negatively associated with the risk of VDD (per 0.1-unit increase, relative risk [RR]: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99). With the highest quartile of NDVI exposure as the reference group, the upper-middle quartile (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), and lowest quartile (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) had an increased risk of VDD. At higher PM2.5 exposure concentrations, 250-m NDVI exposure was negatively associated with the risk of VDD (RR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97–0.99, per 0.1-unit increase), but not at lower PM2.5 exposure concentrations. Among pregnant women with higher PM2.5, the mediation of PM2.5 exposure on the association between 250-m NDVI and VDD was 44.70% (P = 0.0116). Among pregnant women with higher PM10 exposure, the mediation of PM10 exposure on the association between 250-m NDVI and VDD was 17.98% (P = 0.002). These findings suggest that higher residential greenery significantly reduces the risk of VDD in pregnant women, particularly in those exposed to increased PM concentrations.
{"title":"Association of greenness exposure with serum vitamin D status and effects of ambient particulate matter among pregnant women in early pregnancy","authors":"Dongjian Yang, Yanling Shen, Qun Wang, Xin Sun, Mengxiang Li, Jinjing Shi, Lei Chen, Jun Zhang, Xinhua Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126067","url":null,"abstract":"Adequate vitamin D is essential for the health of both the mother and foetus, and it can be influenced by environmental factors. However, research on the associations between greenness exposure and vitamin D concentrations during pregnancy is limited. This retrospective birth cohort study, conducted from 2014 to 2018, assessed the greenness of residences using the satellite-derived normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations were categorised as non-deficient (≥50 nmol/L) or deficient (<50 nmol/L). Multiple log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the association of NDVI with serum 25(OH)D concentrations and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Subgroup and mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the association of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the association between NDVI and VDD. A total of 64,663 pregnant women with a mean maternal age of 30.6 (standard deviation: 3.86) years were included. 250-m NDVI was negatively associated with the risk of VDD (per 0.1-unit increase, relative risk [RR]: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99). With the highest quartile of NDVI exposure as the reference group, the upper-middle quartile (RR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.00–1.03), and lowest quartile (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06) had an increased risk of VDD. At higher PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure concentrations, 250-m NDVI exposure was negatively associated with the risk of VDD (RR: 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97–0.99, per 0.1-unit increase), but not at lower PM2.5 exposure concentrations. Among pregnant women with higher PM<sub>2.5</sub>, the mediation of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure on the association between 250-m NDVI and VDD was 44.70% (<em>P = 0.0116</em>). Among pregnant women with higher PM<sub>10</sub> exposure, the mediation of PM<sub>10</sub> exposure on the association between 250-m NDVI and VDD was 17.98% (<em>P = 0.002</em>). These findings suggest that higher residential greenery significantly reduces the risk of VDD in pregnant women, particularly in those exposed to increased PM concentrations.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126081
Stanislav Juráň, Thomas Karl, Kojo Kwakye Ofori-Amanfo, Ladislav Šigut, Ina Zavadilová, John Grace, Otmar Urban
Dry deposition is the primary pathway for tropospheric ozone (O3) removal, with forests playing a critical role. However, environmental stressors such as drought can reduce this removal capacity by limiting stomatal O3 uptake due to stomata closure. Here we test the hypothesis that combined soil and atmospheric drought reduces the O3 sink capacity of forest ecosystems by diminishing stomatal O3 flux. For stomatal O3 flux estimation, we applied a single-layer resistance model, which estimates stomatal O3 flux based on evaporative resistance method complemented by aerodynamic and laminar sublayer resistances calculation. The model was complemented by detailed sap flow monitoring within the forest footprint, to calculate stomatal O3 flux, using long-term eddy covariance measurements of total water vapour and O3 fluxes over four growing seasons (2017–2020), including an unprecedented drought period. The results revealed that non-stomatal O3 flux compensated for the reduction in stomatal flux in a temperate Norway spruce forest at the Bílý Kříž experimental site in the mountainous region of the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Ozone consumption through interactions with volatile organic compounds, quantified by the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) model, contributed only marginally to the non-stomatal flux. These findings suggest that surface reactions, where O3 interacts with plant surfaces, cuticular layers, and soil particles, likely constitute a dominant non-stomatal O3 sink during drought. To our knowledge, this is the first report of severe drought influencing O3 fluxes in temperate mountainous regions, which were previously considered less affected by drought stress.
{"title":"Drought Shifts Ozone Deposition Pathways in Spruce Forest from Stomatal to Non-Stomatal Flux","authors":"Stanislav Juráň, Thomas Karl, Kojo Kwakye Ofori-Amanfo, Ladislav Šigut, Ina Zavadilová, John Grace, Otmar Urban","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126081","url":null,"abstract":"Dry deposition is the primary pathway for tropospheric ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) removal, with forests playing a critical role. However, environmental stressors such as drought can reduce this removal capacity by limiting stomatal O<sub>3</sub> uptake due to stomata closure. Here we test the hypothesis that combined soil and atmospheric drought reduces the O<sub>3</sub> sink capacity of forest ecosystems by diminishing stomatal O<sub>3</sub> flux. For stomatal O<sub>3</sub> flux estimation, we applied a single-layer resistance model, which estimates stomatal O<sub>3</sub> flux based on evaporative resistance method complemented by aerodynamic and laminar sublayer resistances calculation. The model was complemented by detailed sap flow monitoring within the forest footprint, to calculate stomatal O<sub>3</sub> flux, using long-term eddy covariance measurements of total water vapour and O<sub>3</sub> fluxes over four growing seasons (2017–2020), including an unprecedented drought period. The results revealed that non-stomatal O<sub>3</sub> flux compensated for the reduction in stomatal flux in a temperate Norway spruce forest at the Bílý Kříž experimental site in the mountainous region of the Czech Republic, Central Europe. Ozone consumption through interactions with volatile organic compounds, quantified by the MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature) model, contributed only marginally to the non-stomatal flux. These findings suggest that surface reactions, where O<sub>3</sub> interacts with plant surfaces, cuticular layers, and soil particles, likely constitute a dominant non-stomatal O<sub>3</sub> sink during drought. To our knowledge, this is the first report of severe drought influencing O<sub>3</sub> fluxes in temperate mountainous regions, which were previously considered less affected by drought stress.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126089
Yushan Tian, Jing Su, Yue Liu, Shihan Wang, Yanfang Zhao, Yao Ji, Qiuling Dang, Quanli Liu
The concentration of sulfate in global groundwater has been observed a significant upward trend in recent years. Excessive sulfate levels contribute to increased groundwater salinity and acidification, thereby posing a threat to the human health and ecological balance. For effective groundwater pollution management and control, accurately quantifying the sources of sulfate pollution remains a challenge. This research integrates the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) clustering method to enhance the accuracy of the Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) in quantifying the contribution rate of groundwater sulfate. During the dry season, sulfate (SO42-) primarily originates from the oxidation of pyrite, whereas SO42- sources include both pyrite oxidation and the co-dissolution of carbonate rocks and gypsum during the normal and wet season. Incorporating SOM, the MixSIAR model demonstrates reduced values of Leave-One-Out Information Criterion (LOOic), and Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC) (LOOic=82.5, and WAIC=82.3). Overall, in the study area, coal mines (accounting for 34.3% to 48.4%) are identified as the primary pollution sources, particularly in Clusters 3, 4 and 5. Clusters 1, 2, and 5 are more significantly affected by other pollution sources, with fertilizers contributing 32.7%, evaporite dissolution contributing 24.1% and 24.2%, respectively. This study supports the development of regional pollution control strategies.
{"title":"Self-organizing maps provide new insights into the MixSIAR model for calculating source contributions of sulfate contamination in groundwater","authors":"Yushan Tian, Jing Su, Yue Liu, Shihan Wang, Yanfang Zhao, Yao Ji, Qiuling Dang, Quanli Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126089","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of sulfate in global groundwater has been observed a significant upward trend in recent years. Excessive sulfate levels contribute to increased groundwater salinity and acidification, thereby posing a threat to the human health and ecological balance. For effective groundwater pollution management and control, accurately quantifying the sources of sulfate pollution remains a challenge. This research integrates the Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) clustering method to enhance the accuracy of the Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIAR) in quantifying the contribution rate of groundwater sulfate. During the dry season, sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) primarily originates from the oxidation of pyrite, whereas SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> sources include both pyrite oxidation and the co-dissolution of carbonate rocks and gypsum during the normal and wet season. Incorporating SOM, the MixSIAR model demonstrates reduced values of Leave-One-Out Information Criterion (LOOic), and Widely Applicable Information Criterion (WAIC) (LOOic=82.5, and WAIC=82.3). Overall, in the study area, coal mines (accounting for 34.3% to 48.4%) are identified as the primary pollution sources, particularly in Clusters 3, 4 and 5. Clusters 1, 2, and 5 are more significantly affected by other pollution sources, with fertilizers contributing 32.7%, evaporite dissolution contributing 24.1% and 24.2%, respectively. This study supports the development of regional pollution control strategies.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126078
Michelle S.W. Kusters, Anne-Claire Binter, Ryan L. Muetzel, Mónica López-Vicente, Sami Petricola, Henning Tiemeier, Mònica Guxens
Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution exposure is associated with child´s brain morphology, but the relationship between air pollution and longitudinal changes in the development of brain volumes has yet to be investigated. We studied the association of exposure to air pollution in pregnancy and childhood with the change of brain volumes from childhood into adolescence, using repeated assessments of brain volumes. We used data from 4,243 children of a large Dutch population-based birth cohort. Exposure to 14 air pollutants during pregnancy and childhood was estimated using land-use regression models. We obtained structural brain MRI data at 3 timepoints, resulting in 6,059 usable scans of white matter, cortical grey matter, cerebellum, and 7 subcortical volumes. For 1,191 participants we had data on both last two timepoints. We conducted single-pollutant analyses for each air pollutant and brain volume, using linear mixed models adjusted for life-style and socioeconomic status variables. Then we performed multi-pollutant analyses with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for mixed models. Air pollution exposure was not associated with changes in white matter, cortical grey matter, and cerebellar volumes. Higher exposure to copper and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) during pregnancy was associated with a smaller hippocampal volume at the first neuroimaging assessment, followed by faster growth of hippocampal volume (e.g. 25.1 mm3 increase of hippocampal volume [95% CI 8.6; 41.7] per 5 ng/m3 increase in copper exposure per year of age). Results were comparable when restricting the analyses to children with complete data for the last two timepoints. Exposure to copper and PM2.5 during pregnancy was related with a smaller hippocampal volume in mid childhood, followed by catch-up growth. Plasticity of the hippocampus might mitigate adverse effects of air pollution early in life.
{"title":"Outdoor Residential Air Pollution Exposure and the Development of Brain Volumes Across Childhood: A Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Michelle S.W. Kusters, Anne-Claire Binter, Ryan L. Muetzel, Mónica López-Vicente, Sami Petricola, Henning Tiemeier, Mònica Guxens","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126078","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution exposure is associated with child´s brain morphology, but the relationship between air pollution and longitudinal changes in the development of brain volumes has yet to be investigated. We studied the association of exposure to air pollution in pregnancy and childhood with the change of brain volumes from childhood into adolescence, using repeated assessments of brain volumes. We used data from 4,243 children of a large Dutch population-based birth cohort. Exposure to 14 air pollutants during pregnancy and childhood was estimated using land-use regression models. We obtained structural brain MRI data at 3 timepoints, resulting in 6,059 usable scans of white matter, cortical grey matter, cerebellum, and 7 subcortical volumes. For 1,191 participants we had data on both last two timepoints. We conducted single-pollutant analyses for each air pollutant and brain volume, using linear mixed models adjusted for life-style and socioeconomic status variables. Then we performed multi-pollutant analyses with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator for mixed models. Air pollution exposure was not associated with changes in white matter, cortical grey matter, and cerebellar volumes. Higher exposure to copper and particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) during pregnancy was associated with a smaller hippocampal volume at the first neuroimaging assessment, followed by faster growth of hippocampal volume (e.g. 25.1 mm<sup>3</sup> increase of hippocampal volume [95% CI 8.6; 41.7] per 5 ng/m<sup>3</sup> increase in copper exposure per year of age). Results were comparable when restricting the analyses to children with complete data for the last two timepoints. Exposure to copper and PM<sub>2.5</sub> during pregnancy was related with a smaller hippocampal volume in mid childhood, followed by catch-up growth. Plasticity of the hippocampus might mitigate adverse effects of air pollution early in life.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126052
Skylar Hooler, Aubrey Hillman, Sumar B. Hart, William Kenney
Despite significant reductions in atmospheric pollutants following the Clean Air Act, few studies have documented the preceding recovery of inland waters in the northeastern United States. This study provides an updated assessment and the first documented cases of full recovery in a set of ponds sitting within the Adirondack preserve, a region historically burdened by acid rain and atmospheric pollutants, and at the center of the Clean Air Act movement. Using sediment records from four ponds, we reconstruct a timeline of historical metal deposition, investigate the history and extent of disturbances on each watershed and lake, and demonstrate how these disturbances shaped the magnitude of deposition and their pathways to recovery. Records display the onset of metal contamination between 1900-1940 which peaked from 1960-1990, aligning with previous records in the region. Sites with histories of significant watershed disturbances displayed synergistic and substantial metal enrichment (e.g., Pb > 290 ppm), which are rarely observed. Although recovery has been slow, particularly for Pb, metal deposition in the ponds has declined significantly. Sites that have ceased major watershed activities have achieved a > 90% return to baseline metal deposition in the last 5 years. This study is the first historical assessment from the Adirondack region to hypothesize the complex, synergistic factors leading to the variability in metal contamination concentrations seen throughout the region’s waters. This study demonstrates the resilience of lake ecosystems, which we define as the ability to recover and regulate geochemical balance through natural watershed and internal processes, independent of direct human intervention. It also underlines challenges posed by legacy contaminants and highlights the nuances of setting realistic goals and timelines for legislative measures and recovery efforts.
{"title":"Four decades after the Clean Air Act, legacy metal contaminants in Northeast U.S. surface waters document full recovery for the first time","authors":"Skylar Hooler, Aubrey Hillman, Sumar B. Hart, William Kenney","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126052","url":null,"abstract":"Despite significant reductions in atmospheric pollutants following the Clean Air Act, few studies have documented the preceding recovery of inland waters in the northeastern United States. This study provides an updated assessment and the first documented cases of full recovery in a set of ponds sitting within the Adirondack preserve, a region historically burdened by acid rain and atmospheric pollutants, and at the center of the Clean Air Act movement. Using sediment records from four ponds, we reconstruct a timeline of historical metal deposition, investigate the history and extent of disturbances on each watershed and lake, and demonstrate how these disturbances shaped the magnitude of deposition and their pathways to recovery. Records display the onset of metal contamination between 1900-1940 which peaked from 1960-1990, aligning with previous records in the region. Sites with histories of significant watershed disturbances displayed synergistic and substantial metal enrichment (e.g., Pb > 290 ppm), which are rarely observed. Although recovery has been slow, particularly for Pb, metal deposition in the ponds has declined significantly. Sites that have ceased major watershed activities have achieved a > 90% return to baseline metal deposition in the last 5 years. This study is the first historical assessment from the Adirondack region to hypothesize the complex, synergistic factors leading to the variability in metal contamination concentrations seen throughout the region’s waters. This study demonstrates the resilience of lake ecosystems, which we define as the ability to recover and regulate geochemical balance through natural watershed and internal processes, independent of direct human intervention. It also underlines challenges posed by legacy contaminants and highlights the nuances of setting realistic goals and timelines for legislative measures and recovery efforts.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biodegradable plastics (BPs) are considered a promising alternative to conventional plastics; however, their biodegradation necessitates specific conditions and can persist in the environment for extended periods, posing toxicological effects on aquatic ecosystems and their organisms similar to conventional microplastics. The studies on biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) are limited and therefore, this study, aimed to evaluate the BMP presence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and edible tissues of wild-caught and cage-cultured fishes of Periyar River, Kerala, India. Etroplus suratensis (n=300) and Oreochromis mossambicus (n=300) were collected from both sources. The study found BMPs in the GIT of all fishes sourced from cages and wild, with a higher but statistically insignificant abundance in wild fishes: 0.06±0.26 items/individual (0.01±0.00 items/g) in E. suratensis and 0.03±0.23 items/individual (0.01±0.01 items/g) in O. mossambicus. No BMPs were found in the edible tissues of cage-cultured fish, but they were detected in wild-caught fishes, i.e., 0.02 0.13 items/individual (0.02 0.01 items/g) in E. suratensis and 0.01 0.11 items/individual (0.02 0.01 items/g) in O. mossambicus. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) were the only BMPs obtained in fish from both sources with the former being the dominant one. The potential annual average human exposure risk from the wild-caught fish was estimated from both fish species and the findings suggest children have a higher risk of exposure, i.e., 551 items/year followed by adults, i.e., 394 items/year and aged individuals, i.e., 239 items/year. The documented harmful impacts of BMPs on aquatic organisms, combined with the findings of this study, suggest the need for a thorough reassessment of BP production and disposal practices. Additionally, implementing robust monitoring systems is essential to food safety and public health.
{"title":"Comparative evaluation of biodegradable microplastic presence in edible and non-edible tissues of cage-cultured and wild fishes of Periyar River","authors":"Patralika Mukhopadhyay, Shibu Arkkakadavil Valsalan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126073","url":null,"abstract":"Biodegradable plastics (BPs) are considered a promising alternative to conventional plastics; however, their biodegradation necessitates specific conditions and can persist in the environment for extended periods, posing toxicological effects on aquatic ecosystems and their organisms similar to conventional microplastics. The studies on biodegradable microplastics (BMPs) are limited and therefore, this study, aimed to evaluate the BMP presence in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and edible tissues of wild-caught and cage-cultured fishes of Periyar River, Kerala, India. <em>Etroplus suratensis</em> (n=300) and <em>Oreochromis mossambicus</em> (n=300) were collected from both sources. The study found BMPs in the GIT of all fishes sourced from cages and wild, with a higher but statistically insignificant abundance in wild fishes: 0.06±0.26 items/individual (0.01±0.00 items/g) in <em>E. suratensis</em> and 0.03±0.23 items/individual (0.01±0.01 items/g) in <em>O. mossambicus</em>. No BMPs were found in the edible tissues of cage-cultured fish, but they were detected in wild-caught fishes, i.e., 0.02 <span><math></math></span> 0.13 items/individual (0.02<span><math></math></span> 0.01 items/g) in <em>E. suratensis</em> and 0.01 <span><math></math></span> 0.11 items/individual (0.02<span><math></math></span> 0.01 items/g) in <em>O. mossambicus</em>. Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) were the only BMPs obtained in fish from both sources with the former being the dominant one. The potential annual average human exposure risk from the wild-caught fish was estimated from both fish species and the findings suggest children have a higher risk of exposure, i.e., 551 items/year followed by adults, i.e., 394 items/year and aged individuals, i.e., 239 items/year<em>.</em> The documented harmful impacts of BMPs on aquatic organisms, combined with the findings of this study, suggest the need for a thorough reassessment of BP production and disposal practices. Additionally, implementing robust monitoring systems is essential to food safety and public health.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial facilities include significant precursors to the formation of aerosols and ozone in urban areas, often affecting atmospheric environments and public health. By investigating the VOC emission profiles across nine petrochemical production units, the predominant component in VOC emission profiles was alkanes, followed by oxygenated VOCs, aromatics, halocarbons, and alkenes. Aldehydes were identified as major contributors to odorous pollution. Chloroform, benzene, and 1,2-dibromoethane from petrochemical industry emissions exceeded health thresholds and will require targeted reduction measures. Additionally, three years of ambient VOC measurements (2020–2022) at two typical sites were analyzed to clarify VOC pollution characteristics and environmental impacts. The VOCs measured at both the Jiangwan residential (JW) and petrochemical industrial (PI) sites exhibited similar diurnal variations but different seasonal patterns. Source apportionment of VOCs using a positive matrix factorization model revealed five sources at PI and six sources at JW. Specific VOCs (e.g., dichloromethane) identified at JW were related to the petrochemical industry and solvent usage processes. Quantification of VOC photochemical reactivity indicated that the aromatic industry and solvent usage from the petrochemical industry significantly contributed more to both ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential than other sources, which underscores the need for stringent control measures by policymakers, particularly focusing on aromatic hydrocarbon production processes and the adoption of green solvents. The findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted VOC control strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on human health and environmental quality in regions heavily influenced by petrochemical activities.
{"title":"Volatile organic compounds in a typical petrochemical production area in Shanghai, China: Source profiles, human health and environmental impacts","authors":"Zhijian Ding, Yuewu Li, Qingyan Fu, Mengke Tian, Fanglin Wang, Yunkai Wang, Kan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126074","url":null,"abstract":"Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from industrial facilities include significant precursors to the formation of aerosols and ozone in urban areas, often affecting atmospheric environments and public health. By investigating the VOC emission profiles across nine petrochemical production units, the predominant component in VOC emission profiles was alkanes, followed by oxygenated VOCs, aromatics, halocarbons, and alkenes. Aldehydes were identified as major contributors to odorous pollution. Chloroform, benzene, and 1,2-dibromoethane from petrochemical industry emissions exceeded health thresholds and will require targeted reduction measures. Additionally, three years of ambient VOC measurements (2020–2022) at two typical sites were analyzed to clarify VOC pollution characteristics and environmental impacts. The VOCs measured at both the Jiangwan residential (JW) and petrochemical industrial (PI) sites exhibited similar diurnal variations but different seasonal patterns. Source apportionment of VOCs using a positive matrix factorization model revealed five sources at PI and six sources at JW. Specific VOCs (e.g., dichloromethane) identified at JW were related to the petrochemical industry and solvent usage processes. Quantification of VOC photochemical reactivity indicated that the aromatic industry and solvent usage from the petrochemical industry significantly contributed more to both ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation potential than other sources, which underscores the need for stringent control measures by policymakers, particularly focusing on aromatic hydrocarbon production processes and the adoption of green solvents. The findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted VOC control strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on human health and environmental quality in regions heavily influenced by petrochemical activities.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carbon black nanoparticles (CB) has been linked to respiratory epithelial damage, a precursor to various respiratory diseases. Although the mechanisms by which CB induce cellular damage are well understood, the initial molecular events driving this process remain poorly characterized. In this study, we aim to elucidate the cellular responses triggered by CB exposure, focusing on the molecular conformational changes, organelle damage, and the disruption of crosstalk between macrophages and airway epithelial cells. Specifically, upon the phagocytosis of CB by macrophages, a reduction in the acidic environment of intracellular lysosomes, accompanied by decreased extracellular levels of arginine and glutamate. This change triggers the inhibition of airway epithelial proliferation. Additional, we identified TMEM175 as the key molecular target through which CB diminishes lysosomal acidity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the π-π interactions between CB and AKT serve as the initiating event, leading to the inhibition of TMEM175 activation. These findings represent a critical mechanism in the health assessment of carbon-based pollutants, providing valuable insights into the atomic-level processes underlying airway epithelial injury, a primary cause of respiratory diseases associated with NPs exposure. Furthermore, the AKT/TMEM175 could serve as a promising tool for assessing airway epithelial damage induced by other carbon-contained pollutants.
{"title":"Mechanistic Insights into Carbon Black-Activated AKT/TMEM175 Cascade Impairing Macrophage-Epithelial Cross-Talk and Airway Epithelial Proliferation","authors":"Yawen Feng, Xiaowen Tang, Hongying Fu, Xiaobo Fan, Juntong Wei, Jianying Liu, Hongmei Wang, Huanhuan Bi, Ziyan Chen, Xiaoran Wei, Yuxin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126076","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon black nanoparticles (CB) has been linked to respiratory epithelial damage, a precursor to various respiratory diseases. Although the mechanisms by which CB induce cellular damage are well understood, the initial molecular events driving this process remain poorly characterized. In this study, we aim to elucidate the cellular responses triggered by CB exposure, focusing on the molecular conformational changes, organelle damage, and the disruption of crosstalk between macrophages and airway epithelial cells. Specifically, upon the phagocytosis of CB by macrophages, a reduction in the acidic environment of intracellular lysosomes, accompanied by decreased extracellular levels of arginine and glutamate. This change triggers the inhibition of airway epithelial proliferation. Additional, we identified TMEM175 as the key molecular target through which CB diminishes lysosomal acidity. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the π-π interactions between CB and AKT serve as the initiating event, leading to the inhibition of TMEM175 activation. These findings represent a critical mechanism in the health assessment of carbon-based pollutants, providing valuable insights into the atomic-level processes underlying airway epithelial injury, a primary cause of respiratory diseases associated with NPs exposure. Furthermore, the AKT/TMEM175 could serve as a promising tool for assessing airway epithelial damage induced by other carbon-contained pollutants.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126072
Hemeihui Zhao, Min Yang, Bing Chen, Bo Liu, Baiyu Zhang
Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics (ATs) are emerging contaminants with recognized negative effects on marine ecosystems. MPs can adsorb and transport ATs, posing combined toxic effects to marine organisms. Despite growing concerns, research remains limited on the MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal zones, which are home to numerous aquatic species and represent a particularly susceptible ecosystem. This study used polyethylene (PE) MPs and tetracycline (TC) to investigate the influence under various conditions, including sediment sizes, tidal cycles, and MP sizes, on the transport of MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal zones using a tidal cycle simulation system, which was designed to replicate the tidal dynamics and provide insights into the movement and behavior of contaminants. It was observed that MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal sediments exist in three distinct transport states. Smaller MP-AT co-contaminants (State 1) pass through sand pores and are widely distributed in the upper sediment layers, whereas larger MP-AT co-contaminants (State 2) concentrate in layers 1–5 due to size limitations. Agglomerated MP-AT co-contaminants (State 3), unable to pass through sand pores, accumulate at the bottom. Tidal cycles enhance MP-AT co-contaminant retention, while sand size (125–212 μm) limitedly affects their distribution. MP size played a crucial role, with larger MPs settling in layers 1–5 and smaller MPs remaining more dispersed. These findings emphasize the importance of MP size in affecting contaminant transport in tidal environments. Results from this research will contribute to the development of transport models and help predict the long-term environmental impact of MP-AT co-contaminants.
{"title":"Transport of microplastic-antibiotic co-contaminants in tidal zones","authors":"Hemeihui Zhao, Min Yang, Bing Chen, Bo Liu, Baiyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126072","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotics (ATs) are emerging contaminants with recognized negative effects on marine ecosystems. MPs can adsorb and transport ATs, posing combined toxic effects to marine organisms. Despite growing concerns, research remains limited on the MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal zones, which are home to numerous aquatic species and represent a particularly susceptible ecosystem. This study used polyethylene (PE) MPs and tetracycline (TC) to investigate the influence under various conditions, including sediment sizes, tidal cycles, and MP sizes, on the transport of MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal zones using a tidal cycle simulation system, which was designed to replicate the tidal dynamics and provide insights into the movement and behavior of contaminants. It was observed that MP-AT co-contaminants in tidal sediments exist in three distinct transport states. Smaller MP-AT co-contaminants (State 1) pass through sand pores and are widely distributed in the upper sediment layers, whereas larger MP-AT co-contaminants (State 2) concentrate in layers 1–5 due to size limitations. Agglomerated MP-AT co-contaminants (State 3), unable to pass through sand pores, accumulate at the bottom. Tidal cycles enhance MP-AT co-contaminant retention, while sand size (125–212 μm) limitedly affects their distribution. MP size played a crucial role, with larger MPs settling in layers 1–5 and smaller MPs remaining more dispersed. These findings emphasize the importance of MP size in affecting contaminant transport in tidal environments. Results from this research will contribute to the development of transport models and help predict the long-term environmental impact of MP-AT co-contaminants.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-15DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126070
Katie Knaub, Md. Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Kara E. Huff Hartz, Gregory Whitledge, Louise Cominassi, Andrea Chandler, Mia Arkles, John Reeve, Amelie Segarra, Richard E. Connon, Michael J. Lydy
Long-term declines in salmonid populations observed in California Central Valley have prompted efforts to enhance the understanding of how environmental stressors impact sensitive species. Bifenthrin, a current-use insecticide, has been consistently detected throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) and has been linked to detrimental effects in salmon. Traditionally, aqueous concentration is used in toxicological studies to evaluate the effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms, which assumes that concentration of the toxicant in water is a valid surrogate for dose. The critical body residue approach was established as an improved technique for assessing toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants, but there is a lack of data to support the application of this method in assessing risk of contaminant exposure in the environment. The current study creates a response spectrum model (RSM) demonstrating the relationship between internal residue and effects observed in Chinook Salmon from laboratory-based exposures. To develop the RSM, a series of behavioral and physiological endpoints were measured using bifenthrin-dosed Chinook Salmon to use with previously generated sublethal and mortality data for incorporation in the model. The most sensitive endpoints were locomotion and shoaling behavior, followed by anxiety, growth, swim performance, upper thermal sensitivity, olfactory response, and lethality. The RSM endpoints were compared to bifenthrin residues in field-collected juvenile Chinook Salmon collected in 2019-2020 as part of our earlier studies. We found bifenthrin tissue residues were at similar levels to the most sensitive endpoints featured in the RSM, suggesting that bifenthrin exposure in the field is likely to cause behavioral effects to salmon as they out-migrate through the Delta. The developed RSM is a tool that could be used by water quality managers to evaluate the extent to which bifenthrin exposure may impact behavior and performance in juvenile salmon, providing a field-based verification of its effects on outmigration.
{"title":"Development of a Response Spectrum Model for Bifenthrin in Juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)","authors":"Katie Knaub, Md. Habibullah-Al-Mamun, Kara E. Huff Hartz, Gregory Whitledge, Louise Cominassi, Andrea Chandler, Mia Arkles, John Reeve, Amelie Segarra, Richard E. Connon, Michael J. Lydy","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126070","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term declines in salmonid populations observed in California Central Valley have prompted efforts to enhance the understanding of how environmental stressors impact sensitive species. Bifenthrin, a current-use insecticide, has been consistently detected throughout the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta (Delta) and has been linked to detrimental effects in salmon. Traditionally, aqueous concentration is used in toxicological studies to evaluate the effects of pesticides on aquatic organisms, which assumes that concentration of the toxicant in water is a valid surrogate for dose. The critical body residue approach was established as an improved technique for assessing toxicity of hydrophobic contaminants, but there is a lack of data to support the application of this method in assessing risk of contaminant exposure in the environment. The current study creates a response spectrum model (RSM) demonstrating the relationship between internal residue and effects observed in Chinook Salmon from laboratory-based exposures. To develop the RSM, a series of behavioral and physiological endpoints were measured using bifenthrin-dosed Chinook Salmon to use with previously generated sublethal and mortality data for incorporation in the model. The most sensitive endpoints were locomotion and shoaling behavior, followed by anxiety, growth, swim performance, upper thermal sensitivity, olfactory response, and lethality. The RSM endpoints were compared to bifenthrin residues in field-collected juvenile Chinook Salmon collected in 2019-2020 as part of our earlier studies. We found bifenthrin tissue residues were at similar levels to the most sensitive endpoints featured in the RSM, suggesting that bifenthrin exposure in the field is likely to cause behavioral effects to salmon as they out-migrate through the Delta. The developed RSM is a tool that could be used by water quality managers to evaluate the extent to which bifenthrin exposure may impact behavior and performance in juvenile salmon, providing a field-based verification of its effects on outmigration.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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