Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127774
Hagar Vardi-Naim, Gul Janovsky, Noga Kronfeld-Schor, Yariv Wine
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding form of environmental pollution that disrupts natural light–dark cycles and alters behavioral and physiological rhythms across species. Because immune function is tightly linked to environmental cues, studying ALAN within an ecoimmunological framework is essential for understanding its real-world impacts on wildlife fitness. In natural settings, immune rhythms are shaped by multiple, interacting environmental pressures, and evaluating ALAN against this broader ecological backdrop is critical for interpreting its physiological consequences.We investigated how low-intensity ALAN affects immune and endocrine rhythmicity, antibody responses, and survival in two wild rodent species with opposing activity patterns, the nocturnal <em>Acomys dimidiatus</em> and the diurnal <em>Acomys russatus</em>, maintained in semi-natural outdoor enclosures. Under natural light-dark conditions, both species exhibited daily oscillations in circulating lymphocyte frequencies, and in <em>A. dimidiatus</em>, fecal cortisol also showed a clear daily rhythm. These rhythms were disrupted or dampened under ALAN. Moreover, antibody titers were significantly higher when immunization occurred during the species-specific rest phase, but ALAN exposure disrupted these rhythms, eliminating time-of-day variation in antibody responses. Overall, ALAN increased the mortality risk by 2.35-fold.Although controlled laboratory experiments have been essential for advancing immunology, they offer limited insight into how environmental disturbances like light pollution affect wildlife under realistic conditions. By studying wild rodents in semi-natural habitats, we reveal that ALAN exposure alters immune rhythms, endocrine patterns, and survival in ways that emerge only when animals experience natural ecological variation. These results highlight that immune baselines in the wild are products of complex environmental interactions and that ALAN can disrupt these integrated physiological systems. Together, these findings underscore the need for ecoimmunological approaches to assess how expanding light pollution threatens wildlife health and resilience.Significance StatementArtificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing anthropogenic disturbance with wide-ranging ecological and physiological impacts. While its disruptive effect on circadian rhythms is well documented, its effects on immune function remain underexplored. Our findings show that ALAN alters immune rhythmicity and weakens time-dependent antibody responses in wild rodents under semi-natural conditions, potentially increasing susceptibility to infection. Studying the effects of light pollution on wild species under natural conditions is essential not only for understanding its impact on ecosystem health, but also for assessing how altered immune function may influence the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. These insights underscore the need to investigate immunity in ecolog
{"title":"Artificial Light at Night Disrupts Immune Rhythms in Wild Rodents under Semi-Natural Conditions","authors":"Hagar Vardi-Naim, Gul Janovsky, Noga Kronfeld-Schor, Yariv Wine","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127774","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly expanding form of environmental pollution that disrupts natural light–dark cycles and alters behavioral and physiological rhythms across species. Because immune function is tightly linked to environmental cues, studying ALAN within an ecoimmunological framework is essential for understanding its real-world impacts on wildlife fitness. In natural settings, immune rhythms are shaped by multiple, interacting environmental pressures, and evaluating ALAN against this broader ecological backdrop is critical for interpreting its physiological consequences.We investigated how low-intensity ALAN affects immune and endocrine rhythmicity, antibody responses, and survival in two wild rodent species with opposing activity patterns, the nocturnal <em>Acomys dimidiatus</em> and the diurnal <em>Acomys russatus</em>, maintained in semi-natural outdoor enclosures. Under natural light-dark conditions, both species exhibited daily oscillations in circulating lymphocyte frequencies, and in <em>A. dimidiatus</em>, fecal cortisol also showed a clear daily rhythm. These rhythms were disrupted or dampened under ALAN. Moreover, antibody titers were significantly higher when immunization occurred during the species-specific rest phase, but ALAN exposure disrupted these rhythms, eliminating time-of-day variation in antibody responses. Overall, ALAN increased the mortality risk by 2.35-fold.Although controlled laboratory experiments have been essential for advancing immunology, they offer limited insight into how environmental disturbances like light pollution affect wildlife under realistic conditions. By studying wild rodents in semi-natural habitats, we reveal that ALAN exposure alters immune rhythms, endocrine patterns, and survival in ways that emerge only when animals experience natural ecological variation. These results highlight that immune baselines in the wild are products of complex environmental interactions and that ALAN can disrupt these integrated physiological systems. Together, these findings underscore the need for ecoimmunological approaches to assess how expanding light pollution threatens wildlife health and resilience.Significance StatementArtificial light at night (ALAN) is a growing anthropogenic disturbance with wide-ranging ecological and physiological impacts. While its disruptive effect on circadian rhythms is well documented, its effects on immune function remain underexplored. Our findings show that ALAN alters immune rhythmicity and weakens time-dependent antibody responses in wild rodents under semi-natural conditions, potentially increasing susceptibility to infection. Studying the effects of light pollution on wild species under natural conditions is essential not only for understanding its impact on ecosystem health, but also for assessing how altered immune function may influence the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. These insights underscore the need to investigate immunity in ecolog","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in paint industry. However, their contamination and risk in paint industry-related areas remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, 33 OPEs, including traditional and novel OPEs, and their diester and hydroxylated transformation products were quantified in 48 surface soil samples collected around paint-related factories in eastern China. The total OPE concentrations ranged from 12.7 to 419 ng/g, and were dominated by chlorinated and novel OPEs. Spatial analysis using Kriging interpolation revealed a distinct point-source distribution pattern, with elevated concentrations in soils adjacent to paint factories reaching 334 to 419 ng/g. Additionally, four machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict OPE distribution in study region, using spatial coordinates, soil properties, and molecular descriptors as predictors. Among them, the tree-based model of gradient boosting regression tree achieved the highest predictive accuracy (testing set, R2=0.61, MAE=0.43, MSE=0.33), and outperformed Kriging interpolation based on external validation. This demonstrates the feasibility of ML-based approaches for predicting OPE distribution patterns. Furthermore, risk assessment results indicated that novel OPEs tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168=O) and tris(4-nonylphenyl) phosphate (TNPP) posed notably high risks, with risk quotient values of 3.60-1200 and ToxPi prioritization scores of 0.71-0.80. Overall, this study provides new insights and methodological references for understanding the contamination and risks of emerging pollutants associated with the paint industry.
{"title":"Contamination of Organophosphate Esters in Soil Surrounding Paint Factories: Machine Learning-based Distribution Prediction and Risk Prioritization Assessment","authors":"Yu Wang, Siyuan Li, Ergang Yuan, Zelin Fang, Zixiao Zhao, Yimeng Si, Meng Gao, Hongzhi Zhao, Hongwen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127775","url":null,"abstract":"Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used in paint industry. However, their contamination and risk in paint industry-related areas remain insufficiently characterized. In this study, 33 OPEs, including traditional and novel OPEs, and their diester and hydroxylated transformation products were quantified in 48 surface soil samples collected around paint-related factories in eastern China. The total OPE concentrations ranged from 12.7 to 419 ng/g, and were dominated by chlorinated and novel OPEs. Spatial analysis using Kriging interpolation revealed a distinct point-source distribution pattern, with elevated concentrations in soils adjacent to paint factories reaching 334 to 419 ng/g. Additionally, four machine learning (ML) models were developed to predict OPE distribution in study region, using spatial coordinates, soil properties, and molecular descriptors as predictors. Among them, the tree-based model of gradient boosting regression tree achieved the highest predictive accuracy (testing set, R<sup>2</sup>=0.61, MAE=0.43, MSE=0.33), and outperformed Kriging interpolation based on external validation. This demonstrates the feasibility of ML-based approaches for predicting OPE distribution patterns. Furthermore, risk assessment results indicated that novel OPEs tris(2,4-di-<em>tert</em>-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168=O) and tris(4-nonylphenyl) phosphate (TNPP) posed notably high risks, with risk quotient values of 3.60-1200 and ToxPi prioritization scores of 0.71-0.80. Overall, this study provides new insights and methodological references for understanding the contamination and risks of emerging pollutants associated with the paint industry.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127767
Junqi Li, Yulong Ma, Yanli Li, Cuiping Jia, Ying Xiong, Bo Zhang, Stuart Harrad, Ke Du
Although extensive studies have been performed to characterize Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, PFAS in PM2.5 remains underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of PFAS in indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and dust samples to evaluate their quantities and distribution. Twenty-nine ionic PFAS species were quantified in samples collected from ten different environments such as daycare center, vehicle, airport, and fire training facility. PFAS were found to be ubiquitous, and present in both PM2.5 (3.34–22.2 pg/m3) and dust (1.27–9840 ng/g). Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominated the PFAS profile in both indoor and outdoor PM2.5, accounting for 94.1 ± 11.1% of total PFAS, which was significantly higher than that in dust (61.5 ± 32.7%) (p < 0.01). In contrast, the proportion of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in dust (21.7 ± 18.1%) was significantly higher than that in PM2.5 (4.54 ± 10.5%) (p < 0.01). This suggests that PFCAs are more likely than PFSAs to attach to PM2.5, and are capable of long-range atmospheric transport (LRT). Among the 11 PFCAs species, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), two short chain PFAS, were of the highest concentrations, particularly in samples collected during the wildfire events. This highlights the significance of short chain PFAS in LRT. For indoor PFAS, a strong relationship (r = 0.611–0.853, p < 0.01) was observed between long-chain PFCAs concentrations in PM2.5 and in dust. These findings provide new insights into the potential processes of indoor PFCAs emissions and distribution and suggest possible exposure pathways of airborne PFAS in urban environments.
{"title":"Ionic PFAS in PM2.5 and Dust: Insights on Indoor-Outdoor Profiles and Distribution","authors":"Junqi Li, Yulong Ma, Yanli Li, Cuiping Jia, Ying Xiong, Bo Zhang, Stuart Harrad, Ke Du","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127767","url":null,"abstract":"Although extensive studies have been performed to characterize Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment, PFAS in PM<sub>2.5</sub> remains underexplored. This study presents a comprehensive investigation of PFAS in indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub> and dust samples to evaluate their quantities and distribution. Twenty-nine ionic PFAS species were quantified in samples collected from ten different environments such as daycare center, vehicle, airport, and fire training facility. PFAS were found to be ubiquitous, and present in both PM<sub>2.5</sub> (3.34–22.2 pg/m<sup>3</sup>) and dust (1.27–9840 ng/g). Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) dominated the PFAS profile in both indoor and outdoor PM<sub>2.5</sub>, accounting for 94.1 ± 11.1% of total PFAS, which was significantly higher than that in dust (61.5 ± 32.7%) (p < 0.01). In contrast, the proportion of perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) in dust (21.7 ± 18.1%) was significantly higher than that in PM<sub>2.5</sub> (4.54 ± 10.5%) (p < 0.01). This suggests that PFCAs are more likely than PFSAs to attach to PM<sub>2.5</sub>, and are capable of long-range atmospheric transport (LRT). Among the 11 PFCAs species, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), two short chain PFAS, were of the highest concentrations, particularly in samples collected during the wildfire events. This highlights the significance of short chain PFAS in LRT. For indoor PFAS, a strong relationship (r = 0.611–0.853, p < 0.01) was observed between long-chain PFCAs concentrations in PM<sub>2.5</sub> and in dust. These findings provide new insights into the potential processes of indoor PFCAs emissions and distribution and suggest possible exposure pathways of airborne PFAS in urban environments.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"160 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cesium-137 is one of the most concerned radionuclides produced by fission energy, which has a long half-life, considerable biological toxicity and complex transport behaviors. Wet deposition is a key process in determining the atmospheric transport of 137Cs aerosols following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident. However, our understanding of this process remains insufficient because of the complex size distributions of the 137Cs aerosols and related atmospheric transport processes. This study investigates the wet deposition behavior of observed 137Cs aerosols by developing a wet deposition model that considers multiple continuous size distributions in the online-coupled WRF-Chem. The wet deposition efficiency is calculated based on Köhler’s theory. Ten log-normal size distributions are constructed, with geometric mean diameters (dm) derived from observation. These distributions are applied to simulate the 137Cs transport following the FDNPP accident. The results reveal that the established model successfully reproduces the 137Cs transport and wet deposition. Below-cloud deposition is dominant over in-cloud deposition for 137Cs aerosols with dm≤2.0 μm. In-cloud deposition is also important when dm>2.0 μm, whereas dry deposition is predominant for dm>6.4 μm. As for the atmospheric concentration, the influence of aerosol size is substantial during weak rain near the source. 137Cs aerosols with dm≈2.8 μm best reproduce both the cumulative deposition and atmospheric concentration at the same time. The results indicate the importance of considering multiple log-normal size distributions and fog deposition.
{"title":"Wet deposition modeling and behavior analysis of 137Cs aerosols using ten observation-based continuous size distributions following the Fukushima accident","authors":"Shuhan Zhuang, Sheng Fang, Yuhan Xu, Xinwen Dong, Daisuke Goto, Yu Morino","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127773","url":null,"abstract":"Cesium-137 is one of the most concerned radionuclides produced by fission energy, which has a long half-life, considerable biological toxicity and complex transport behaviors. Wet deposition is a key process in determining the atmospheric transport of <sup>137</sup>Cs aerosols following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) accident. However, our understanding of this process remains insufficient because of the complex size distributions of the <sup>137</sup>Cs aerosols and related atmospheric transport processes. This study investigates the wet deposition behavior of observed <sup>137</sup>Cs aerosols by developing a wet deposition model that considers multiple continuous size distributions in the online-coupled WRF-Chem. The wet deposition efficiency is calculated based on Köhler’s theory. Ten log-normal size distributions are constructed, with geometric mean diameters (d<sub>m</sub>) derived from observation. These distributions are applied to simulate the <sup>137</sup>Cs transport following the FDNPP accident. The results reveal that the established model successfully reproduces the <sup>137</sup>Cs transport and wet deposition. Below-cloud deposition is dominant over in-cloud deposition for <sup>137</sup>Cs aerosols with d<sub>m</sub>≤2.0 μm. In-cloud deposition is also important when d<sub>m</sub>>2.0 μm, whereas dry deposition is predominant for d<sub>m</sub>>6.4 μm. As for the atmospheric concentration, the influence of aerosol size is substantial during weak rain near the source. <sup>137</sup>Cs aerosols with d<sub>m</sub>≈2.8 μm best reproduce both the cumulative deposition and atmospheric concentration at the same time. The results indicate the importance of considering multiple log-normal size distributions and fog deposition.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"384 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127765
Feng Tang, Jun Guo, Li-An-Sheng Wu, Xiao-Yuan Fan, Han-Wen Zhang, Noora Kartiosuo, Boris Novakovic, Ting-Li Han, Hua Zhang, Yin-Yin Xia, Philip Baker, Richard Saffery
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy with a complex etiology, and environmental exposure to metals is considered a potential and important risk factor. However, there is still insufficient research on the comprehensive effects of long-term mixed exposure to multiple metals during early pregnancy on GDM and the potential mediating factors. This study aimed to systematically explore the independent and combined effects of exposure to 15 metals during early pregnancy on GDM risk and to clarify the potential mediating role of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) through a prospective cohort of 665 pregnant women recruited between September 2015 and June 2017. Hair samples were collected during early pregnancy, and metal concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SFAs levels in mid-pregnancy were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistically, logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the effects of individual metals, and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR) model were applied to analyze the combined effects of metal mixtures. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating roles of three SFAs. The results showed that potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), niobium (Nb), silver (Ag), and thallium (Tl) were positively associated with GDM risk, while Nb, Ag, and mercury (Hg) exhibited non-linear exposure-response relationships. Metals mixture had an overall possitive effect on GDM risk. Mediation analysis revealed that myristic acid (C14:0) mediated the associations of K, Rb, Nb, and Ag with GDM risk; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) mediated the associations of K, Rb, and Nb with GDM risk; and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) mediated the associations of Rb and Ag with GDM risk.
{"title":"A study on the association between early-pregnancy hair metal levels and gestational diabetes mellitus","authors":"Feng Tang, Jun Guo, Li-An-Sheng Wu, Xiao-Yuan Fan, Han-Wen Zhang, Noora Kartiosuo, Boris Novakovic, Ting-Li Han, Hua Zhang, Yin-Yin Xia, Philip Baker, Richard Saffery","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127765","url":null,"abstract":"Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy with a complex etiology, and environmental exposure to metals is considered a potential and important risk factor. However, there is still insufficient research on the comprehensive effects of long-term mixed exposure to multiple metals during early pregnancy on GDM and the potential mediating factors. This study aimed to systematically explore the independent and combined effects of exposure to 15 metals during early pregnancy on GDM risk and to clarify the potential mediating role of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) through a prospective cohort of 665 pregnant women recruited between September 2015 and June 2017. Hair samples were collected during early pregnancy, and metal concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SFAs levels in mid-pregnancy were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Statistically, logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to assess the effects of individual metals, and Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR) model were applied to analyze the combined effects of metal mixtures. Additionally, mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating roles of three SFAs. The results showed that potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), niobium (Nb), silver (Ag), and thallium (Tl) were positively associated with GDM risk, while Nb, Ag, and mercury (Hg) exhibited non-linear exposure-response relationships. Metals mixture had an overall possitive effect on GDM risk. Mediation analysis revealed that myristic acid (C14:0) mediated the associations of K, Rb, Nb, and Ag with GDM risk; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) mediated the associations of K, Rb, and Nb with GDM risk; and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) mediated the associations of Rb and Ag with GDM risk.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127757
M Pfaff, A Zambrano-Romero, G H LeFevre, V Ochoa-Herrera, S Gupta, Chronister B N C, A L Mianecki, N Carpintero-Salvador, H Checkoway, J R Suarez-Lopez, G L Kayser
Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, floriculture specifically, posing significant ecological and health risks. Limited research has been conducted on the presence of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI) and atrazine, in drinking and irrigation water in agricultural regions of Latin America. This study describes targeted and non-targeted analysis of concentrations of pesticides in drinking and irrigation water sampled in 2022 and 2023 in an industrial floricultural region in Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador. In targeted analysis, we found NNI in treated drinking water in 20.5% of household tap water samples (8 out of 39), in a community well, and in 57.7% of irrigation water samples (n=15 out of 26). Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam emerged as the most frequently detected NNI in drinking water. Atrazine was detected in two household taps and one well. In exploratory non-targeted analysis, we found 63 compounds, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, including azoles, in drinking and irrigation water samples. Fungicides accounted for 59% of all compounds (37 out of 63) detected. Intense pesticide use in floriculture in proximity to residential areas and aging piped water systems may allow pesticides to leach into treated drinking water pipes and irrigation water. The presence of a wide range of pesticides, especially NNI and fungicides (azoles, specifically), in drinking and irrigation water poses health risks to community members.
{"title":"Occurrence of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in household drinking and irrigation water in an intensive floriculture region of Ecuador.","authors":"M Pfaff, A Zambrano-Romero, G H LeFevre, V Ochoa-Herrera, S Gupta, Chronister B N C, A L Mianecki, N Carpintero-Salvador, H Checkoway, J R Suarez-Lopez, G L Kayser","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, floriculture specifically, posing significant ecological and health risks. Limited research has been conducted on the presence of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI) and atrazine, in drinking and irrigation water in agricultural regions of Latin America. This study describes targeted and non-targeted analysis of concentrations of pesticides in drinking and irrigation water sampled in 2022 and 2023 in an industrial floricultural region in Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador. In targeted analysis, we found NNI in treated drinking water in 20.5% of household tap water samples (8 out of 39), in a community well, and in 57.7% of irrigation water samples (n=15 out of 26). Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam emerged as the most frequently detected NNI in drinking water. Atrazine was detected in two household taps and one well. In exploratory non-targeted analysis, we found 63 compounds, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, including azoles, in drinking and irrigation water samples. Fungicides accounted for 59% of all compounds (37 out of 63) detected. Intense pesticide use in floriculture in proximity to residential areas and aging piped water systems may allow pesticides to leach into treated drinking water pipes and irrigation water. The presence of a wide range of pesticides, especially NNI and fungicides (azoles, specifically), in drinking and irrigation water poses health risks to community members.</p>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":" ","pages":"127757"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127752
Mihiri Indunil Gunasekara, James McGree, Prasanna Egodawatta, Godwin A. Ayoko, Ashantha Goonetilleke
{"title":"Modelling land use influence on polymer-specific microplastics abundance and transportation from terrestrial to aquatic environments","authors":"Mihiri Indunil Gunasekara, James McGree, Prasanna Egodawatta, Godwin A. Ayoko, Ashantha Goonetilleke","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127752","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127772
Emmanuel Cishibanji, Rodgers Makwinja, Elias Chirwa, Benjamin N. Kondowe, John Kamanula, Christopher J. Curtis, Fabrice Muvundja, Bossissi Nkuba
Pesticides play a key role in conventional agriculture and food security. However, their heavy use poses human and environmental risks. In this study, we employed the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, followed by gas or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to quantify pesticide residues commonly associated with tobacco farming and to assess their ecological risks in river systems. We detected residues of banned and currently registered pesticides in water and sediment. Pyrethroid residues were higher, with concentrations of 7.62–15.2 μg/L in water and 0.51–8.71 μg/kg in sediment (α-cypermethrin). Organophosphates ranged from 0.94–13.3 μg/L in water and 0.08–5.37 μg/kg in sediment (chlorpyrifos-methyl); organochlorines from 0.11 μg/L (γ-HCH) to 10.8 μg/L (o,p'-DDT) in water and 0.08 μg/kg (p,p'-DDT) to 5.48 μg/kg (α-HCH) in sediment; and neonicotinoids from 0.02–4.19 μg/L in water and 0.03–4.52 μg/kg in sediment (imidacloprid). Seasonality and water quality had weak effects on most pesticide levels (95% credible intervals). Degradation and isomer profiles indicated recent inputs of DDT and HCH. Except for neonicotinoids, all detected pesticides in water posed considerable ecological risks (RQ >1), and their mixtures could cause acute harm to algae, invertebrates, and fish (STU >1). In contrast, neonicotinoids in porewater primarily threatened sediment-dwelling organisms (RQ >1), particularly Chironomus spp. This study provides critical evidence of ecological risks posed by tobacco pesticides in aquatic ecosystems. We recommend regular pesticide monitoring to safeguard river health and guide ecological management in tobacco-producing regions. Promoting safer pesticide use is strongly encouraged.
{"title":"Ecological risks and recent inputs of banned and current-use pesticides in surface water and sediment from Malawi’s tobacco-growing region","authors":"Emmanuel Cishibanji, Rodgers Makwinja, Elias Chirwa, Benjamin N. Kondowe, John Kamanula, Christopher J. Curtis, Fabrice Muvundja, Bossissi Nkuba","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127772","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticides play a key role in conventional agriculture and food security. However, their heavy use poses human and environmental risks. In this study, we employed the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method, followed by gas or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, to quantify pesticide residues commonly associated with tobacco farming and to assess their ecological risks in river systems. We detected residues of banned and currently registered pesticides in water and sediment. Pyrethroid residues were higher, with concentrations of 7.62–15.2 μg/L in water and 0.51–8.71 μg/kg in sediment (α-cypermethrin). Organophosphates ranged from 0.94–13.3 μg/L in water and 0.08–5.37 μg/kg in sediment (chlorpyrifos-methyl); organochlorines from 0.11 μg/L (γ-HCH) to 10.8 μg/L (o,p'-DDT) in water and 0.08 μg/kg (p,p'-DDT) to 5.48 μg/kg (α-HCH) in sediment; and neonicotinoids from 0.02–4.19 μg/L in water and 0.03–4.52 μg/kg in sediment (imidacloprid). Seasonality and water quality had weak effects on most pesticide levels (95% credible intervals). Degradation and isomer profiles indicated recent inputs of DDT and HCH. Except for neonicotinoids, all detected pesticides in water posed considerable ecological risks (RQ >1), and their mixtures could cause acute harm to algae, invertebrates, and fish (STU >1). In contrast, neonicotinoids in porewater primarily threatened sediment-dwelling organisms (RQ >1), particularly <em>Chironomus</em> spp. This study provides critical evidence of ecological risks posed by tobacco pesticides in aquatic ecosystems. We recommend regular pesticide monitoring to safeguard river health and guide ecological management in tobacco-producing regions. Promoting safer pesticide use is strongly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146129683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127733
Lu-Sheng Lan, Michael Edbert Suryanto, Jehn-Yih Juang, Pei-Jen Chen
{"title":"Differential Effects of Gallium and Indium Addition on Metal Bioavailability and Toxicity in Paddy Soils: Insights from a Soil–Water–Fish Exposure System","authors":"Lu-Sheng Lan, Michael Edbert Suryanto, Jehn-Yih Juang, Pei-Jen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Size-Fractionated Chemical Fingerprints and Health Risks of Biomass Burning Aerosols at the Thailand-Myanmar Border","authors":"Pavidarin Kraisitnitikul, Radshadaporn Janta, Sarana Chansuebsri, Supattarachai Saksakrulkrai, Duangduean Thepnuan, Nuttipon Yabueng, Somporn Chantara","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127732","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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