Environmental Pollution最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides in household drinking and irrigation water in an intensive floriculture region of Ecuador","authors":"M. Pfaff ,&nbsp;A. Zambrano-Romero ,&nbsp;G.H. LeFevre ,&nbsp;V. Ochoa-Herrera ,&nbsp;S. Gupta ,&nbsp;B.N.C. Chronister ,&nbsp;A.L. Mianecki ,&nbsp;N. Carpintero-Salvador ,&nbsp;H. Checkoway ,&nbsp;J.R. Suarez-Lopez ,&nbsp;G.L. Kayser","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pesticides are widely used in agriculture, floriculture specifically, posing significant ecological and health risks. Limited research has been conducted on the presence of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNI) and atrazine, in drinking and irrigation water in agricultural regions of Latin America. This study describes targeted and non-targeted analysis of concentrations of pesticides in drinking and irrigation water sampled in 2022 and 2023 in an industrial floricultural region in Pedro Moncayo, Ecuador. In targeted analysis, we found NNI in treated drinking water in 20.5% of household tap water samples (8 out of 39), in a community well, and in 57.7% of irrigation water samples (n = 15 out of 26). Imidacloprid and thiamethoxam emerged as the most frequently detected NNI in drinking water. Atrazine was detected in two household taps and one well. In exploratory non-targeted analysis, we found 63 compounds, including insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, including azoles, in drinking and irrigation water samples. Fungicides accounted for 59% of all compounds (37 out of 63) detected. Intense pesticide use in floriculture in proximity to residential areas and aging piped water systems may allow pesticides to leach into treated drinking water pipes and irrigation water. The presence of a wide range of pesticides, especially NNI and fungicides (azoles, specifically), in drinking and irrigation water poses health risks to community members.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127757"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated concentrations and temporal persistence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils after wildfires in different biogeoclimatic zones of British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Kristen A. Kieta ,&nbsp;Philip N. Owens","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Across North America the area burned by wildfire is steadily increasing, and these fires have significant impacts on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Of particular concern are the contaminants that are produced during wildfires when biomass and structures burn. One class of contaminants of concern is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can be mutagenic, carcinogenic, and toxic for certain species. This study measured concentrations of PAHs in the burned topsoil and the burned organic layer in eight wildfires of varying ages across the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Samples were analysed for the 16 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Priority PAHs and for 30 alkylated PAHs, the latter of which are often more toxic and difficult to break down. Results showed that within three to six years after wildfire the concentrations of ΣPAHs returned to concentrations similar to reference sites. The year post-fire that the sample was collected showed a strong correlation to the ΣPAH concentrations, and comparisons across all samples showed that characteristics associated with the fire's biogeoclimatic zone explained most of the variability. Soil quality guidelines were not available for all compounds analysed, but concentrations for many of the samples exceeded available guidance. Coupling post-wildfire landscape susceptibility to erosion and the hydrophobicity of PAHs, the threat to water quality in burned areas is significant. More post-wildfire erosion mitigation on hillslopes should be undertaken to avoid negative impacts on the aquatic environment, particularly in the British Columbia interior where salmon are already under numerous anthropogenic and environmental pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127826"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146198791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic extracellular polymeric substance component succession primes cyanobacterial metabolism for distinct bloom stages","authors":"Kaikai Deng ,&nbsp;Qiang He ,&nbsp;Rui Yang ,&nbsp;Fang Fang ,&nbsp;Yuanchen Huo ,&nbsp;Bin Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Yang ,&nbsp;Guijiao Lin ,&nbsp;Peng Yan ,&nbsp;Youpeng Chen ,&nbsp;Jinsong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) components play essential roles in cyanobacterial aggregation; however, their feedback regulation on cyanobacterial physiological metabolism remains poorly understood. Combining field observations with controlled laboratory experiments, we observed the succession of EPS components across different bloom stages, with polysaccharides (PS), proteins (PN), and humus sequentially accounting for the highest relative proportions. Laboratory experiments indicated that PS promotes lipid storage but suppresses photosynthesis, reducing growth by 17%; PN synergistically activates photosynthesis and respiration, boosting growth by 41%; and humus enhances photosynthetic efficiency while inhibiting respiration, enhancing growth by 55%. Transcriptomics confirmed that PN and humus upregulate photosynthetic and energy genes, while PS suppresses them. Therefore, EPS is not just a passive byproduct but also feedback that modulates bloom dynamics. This metabolic priming paradigm offers a transformative basis for using EPS composition as a diagnostic biomarker for bloom stage and developing precision control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127850"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transfer of selected PFAS to muscle, liver and plasma of adolescent sheep","authors":"Norina Aßhoff ,&nbsp;Torsten Krause ,&nbsp;Thorsten Bernsmann ,&nbsp;Melanie Esselen ,&nbsp;Karin Knappstein ,&nbsp;Christopher Albert ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Jira ,&nbsp;Ronald Maul ,&nbsp;Thorsten Stahl ,&nbsp;Julika Lamp","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds that can be found in the environment worldwide and are also present in the food chain, especially in animal products. This study investigated the kinetics of uptake, distribution, and excretion of nine PFAS (PFBA, PFPA, PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS) in 16 male lambs. Plasma, liver and dorsal muscle samples were analyzed. PFHxS was the dominant compound in plasma (5330 ± 200 μg/L) and dorsal muscle (347 ± 78 μg/kg), whereas PFOS was predominant in liver samples (1817 ± 152 μg/kg). To compare toxicokinetic of uptake, distribution and depletion, biotransfer factors (BTF), transfer rates (TR) and apparent plasma elimination half-lives were estimated directly from the data. Generally, long-chain compounds such as PFHxS, PFOS, PFNA and PFDA exhibited a stronger tendency to accumulate in animal tissue and were eliminated slower than short-chain compounds. Apparent plasma elimination half-lives ranged from 0.3 days (PFPA) to 57 days (PFOS). This study provides the first data on the toxicokinetic behavior of PFAS other than PFOA and PFOS in male lambs. Toxicokinetic parameters, such as apparent plasma elimination half-lives and BTFs will be useful for developing improved management recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127845"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flue gas recirculation threshold: A novel promising concept for NOX control in quasi-mild combustion of syngas fuels","authors":"Nima Emami Kian ,&nbsp;Javad Aminian ,&nbsp;Ghasem Khabbazian ,&nbsp;Ramin Haghighi Khoshkhoo ,&nbsp;Ehsan Tavakoli","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advancements in alternative fuel combustion that have effectively eliminated carbon emissions, NO_X emissions remain a significant challenge. This article explores the characteristics of various combustion regimes, with a particular focus on CH₄/H₂/CO syngas fuels. The findings indicate that the most practical method to achieve exceptionally low NO_X emissions in industrial settings is by adopting quasi-mild combustion (QMC) regimes or operating under conditions closely aligned with this regime. Therefore, a new concept titled “FGR-threshold” is introduced as a specific flue gas recirculation (FGR) for each fuel composition, indicating the boundary point of transition between combustion regimes. It is shown that the required FGR-threshold for achieving QMC regime increases in syngas fuels compared to pure methane. Closer inspection of developed regime maps reveals that by decreasing the CH₄ fraction and replacing it with H₂ or CO, the FGR-threshold for achieving QMC increases up to 15% for H₂-enriched and 5% for CO-enriched fuels compared to pure methane. The ternary syngas mixtures exhibit FGR-threshold values positioned between these two limits. Research has demonstrated that to reduce NO_X emissions to environmentally acceptable levels, a certain proportion of the FGR-threshold can be applied, regardless of the fuel type or preheating level. For all syngas fuels 50% in excess of the FGR-threshold can guarantee more than 90% reduction in NO_X emissions, limiting concentrations to below 200 ppm. This finding accentuates the environmental benefits of FGR-threshold and its role for industrial applications requiring stringent NO_X control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127890"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147315852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Satellite-driven modelling of NO2 and PM2.5 across Germany (2019–2024): A multi-sensor machine-learning approach","authors":"Rebecca Miller ,&nbsp;Jonas Olbrich ,&nbsp;Wierer Manuel ,&nbsp;Jia Chen ,&nbsp;Michael Wurm ,&nbsp;Cesar Ivan Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping air pollution across space remains challenging, even in countries with dense monitoring networks. In Germany, pollutant levels can change over short distances because of traffic, land use, and meteorological conditions, while national assessments often rely on unevenly distributed monitoring stations. This study examines how openly available satellite observations and reanalysis data can support annual modelling of NO₂ and PM₂.₅ across Germany from 2019 to 2024. Sentinel-5P (NO₂ and CO), MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) aerosol optical depth (AOD), and ERA5-Land meteorological variables were combined with EuroAirnet observations, and seven machine-learning algorithms were evaluated. Model performance was assessed using random cross-validation, an independent test set, and spatial cross-validation, while SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) values were used to interpret predictor contributions. For NO₂, Random Forest achieved the highest accuracy (R² = 0.68; RMSE = 5.87 μg m⁻³), with SHAP analysis identifying tropospheric NO₂ and vegetation structure (NDVI) as the most influential predictors. PM₂.₅ proved more difficult to model at the annual scale: Gradient Boosting performed best (R² = 0.50; RMSE = 11.53 μg m⁻³), with surface pressure, NDVI, and co-emitted gases emerging as key variables, while MAIAC AOD contributed little independent information when aggregated annually. A sensitivity analysis showed that including a static road-density layer improved NO₂ estimates near monitoring sites but provided limited gains under spatial validation. The resulting concentration maps reproduce the main national patterns observed in the monitoring network, showing a decline in NO₂ and more regionally variable behaviour for PM₂.₅. Although annual predictors cannot capture short-term variability or highly localised emission sources, the study provides a transparent and reproducible framework for national-scale air-quality assessment based entirely on open global datasets and highlights the potential to integrate additional Earth observation and climate reanalysis products in future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127898"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147324138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital wastewater as a hotspot for environmental dissemination of a carbapenem representative and enzyme inhibitors: insights from a multi-hospital study","authors":"Joanna Wilk ,&nbsp;Ewa Felis ,&nbsp;Monika Harnisz ,&nbsp;Ewa Korzeniewska ,&nbsp;Sylwia Bajkacz","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance threatening social health stability, the World Health Organization classified anti-infectives into three groups, Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe). The reserve list of antimicrobials, which are mainly used in hospitals as a last-resort option for the most severe infections, includes the carbapenems with enzyme inhibitors selected for this study. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a comprehensive study of the prevalence of meropenem, cilastatin, and vaborbactam in the wastewater from 64 hospitals collected during two sampling seasons. Pharmaceuticals were present in the wastewater of more than 90% of the hospitals, in concentrations ranging between 1.20 and 17,315 ng/L. The findings of the statistical analyses revealed relationships between meropenem concentrations, annual intake, and hospital characteristics. A link was also visible between cilastatin wastewater levels and yearly imipenem consumption. Additionally, the impact of in situ chlorination was assessed, proving the ineffectiveness of the process regarding the possible removal of analytes. Preliminary calculations of the environmental risk assessment revealed a negligible impact of residues. A different outcome was seen for the risk evaluation for antimicrobial resistance selection. In more than half of the samples in which meropenem was determined, risk quotients reflected medium or high potential for development of antimicrobial resistance. Our results confirm the need for broader, systematic research on last-chance antimicrobials and show possibility of discovering more connections at the initial point of environmental introduction, which could help implement solutions to mitigate further spread of drug resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127897"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147330111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking land-based pollution pathways to coral reef exposure and ecological response","authors":"Rex Steward ,&nbsp;Pierre Chopin ,&nbsp;Vesna Bertoncelj ,&nbsp;Peter H. Verburg","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land-based pollution is a major driver of coral reef degradation, yet the pathways linking terrestrial activities to marine exposure and ecological response remain difficult to resolve. Using Curaçao as a case study, we developed and tested 78 land-based pressure indices (LBPIs) that represent alternative spatial assumptions about pollutant sources, contributing catchments, and coastal dispersion. These indices were evaluated both as proxies for nutrient enrichment, using water-quality indicators, and as integrative measures of land-based pressure, using benthic condition. The framework spans simple land-use metrics (e.g., built-up area) to process-based nutrient export and hydrodynamic connectivity models, allowing systematic evaluation of land-based pollution pathways and their ecological consequences.</div><div>We assessed how these indices explain spatial variation in reef pollution signatures (macroalgal δ¹⁵N, a tracer of wastewater-derived nitrogen) and ecological condition. Coral cover was evaluated across two survey years (1982 and 2015), while δ¹⁵N and benthic community composition were assessed for 2015. Results show that LBPIs capture most of the spatial variation in δ¹⁵N (R² = 0.78), demonstrating their effectiveness in representing land-derived nutrient exposure. By contrast, coral cover was more weakly explained by LBPIs alone (R² = 0.23), but model fits improved markedly when environmental variables such as wave exposure and geomorphology were included. Proxy performance also shifted over time: localized dispersion and land-use intensity metrics performed best in 1982, while broader source metrics combined with model-based connectivity were strongest in 2015, suggesting changes in pollution regimes or reef sensitivity.</div><div>These findings demonstrate how alternative representations of land-based pollution pathways influence predictions of ecological exposure and response. The approach advances process-based modeling of pollutant transport across the land-sea continuum, providing transferable methods for diagnosing and managing land-derived pressures on coral reef ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127839"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146256616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal succession outweighs substrate characteristics in shaping riverine plastisphere biofilm on textiles","authors":"Veronica Nava ,&nbsp;Katrin Attermeyer ,&nbsp;Jakob Schelker ,&nbsp;Jovan Kalem ,&nbsp;Flavia Dory ,&nbsp;Isabella Gandolfi ,&nbsp;Roberto Ambrosini ,&nbsp;Afsané Kruszelnicki ,&nbsp;Claire Gwinnett ,&nbsp;Barbara Leoni","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms developing on plastic surfaces (the plastisphere) are increasingly recognized for their ecological significance, yet the drivers of community biomass and biodiversity remain poorly understood. Moreover, plastisphere research has focused on a narrow range of polymers, leaving widely distributed substrates such as textiles understudied. Here, we assessed the relative importance of temporal succession and substrate properties (polymeric composition and color) in shaping microalgal and bacterial community composition and photosynthetic abundances, and evaluated whether substrate-specific selection results in long-term community divergence or is restricted to early colonization. We conducted a mesocosm experiment simulating a lotic system to examine biofilm development on polyester textiles and non-synthetic analogue (cotton), each in two colors (black, white). Prokaryotic and microalgal eukaryotic community composition (16S, 18S rRNA), together with pico-photosynthetic abundances assessed by flow cytometry, were monitored over five time points spanning 7 to 35 days. Microbial diversity, community composition, and inferred prokaryotic functions did not differ significantly among polymer types or colors, indicating that substrate characteristics played a limited role in overall community assembly and the predominance of opportunistic colonization, despite the presence of indicator species. In contrast, microalgal abundances differed among substrates, with higher abundances observed on cotton, suggesting that substrate properties may still influence specific aspects of biofilm development. Temporal succession emerged as the primary driver of community change, with significant effects observed for prokaryotic communities even over short timescales. These findings emphasize that temporal dynamics must be explicitly considered in plastisphere studies, as differences in colonization time may confound interpretations of substrate effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127881"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of an online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS for tire-derived pollutants of environmental concern (6PPD and 6PPD-Q): Detection and rainfall-driven dynamics in an urban river-estuary continuum","authors":"Kassidy Troxell ,&nbsp;Milena Ceccopieri ,&nbsp;Mary Beth Cavanaugh ,&nbsp;Jinsheng Huang ,&nbsp;Courtney Heath ,&nbsp;Daniel Omana ,&nbsp;David Hajiyev ,&nbsp;Christopher S. Robbins ,&nbsp;Piero Gardinali","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics such as tire wear particles and their associated tire-derived chemicals are emerging contaminants in urban surface waters. N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and its toxic transformation product 6PPD-Quinone (6PPD-Q) are widely detected in roadway runoff but remain difficult to quantify at environmentally relevant concentrations due to their low abundance, matrix interferences, and susceptibility to degradation during sample processing. Here, we developed and validated an online solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-HPLC-MS/MS) method for sensitive and robust determination of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in surface waters. The method provided low detection limits and strong resistance to matrix effects, enabling routine monitoring at trace levels. The method was applied to surface waters from the lower Hillsborough River (Florida, USA) collected across ten sampling events between 2023 and 2024. 6PPD-Q was detected in all samples (0.29-11.60 ng/L; mean 1.82 ± 2.02 ng/L), whereas 6PPD occurred less frequently (ND-1.62 ng L⁻¹; mean 0.20 ± 0.39 ng/L). Concentrations of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q were strongly correlated (r = 0.66, p &lt; 0.001) and exhibited clear rainfall-driven and seasonal patterns, indicating stormwater-mediated transport and transformation. Observed concentrations were within the lower range of values reported globally for urban surface waters. To our knowledge, this study provides the first dataset of 6PPD and 6PPD-Q in Florida waters. These results demonstrate the utility of online SPE-HPLC-MS/MS for tracking tire-derived contaminants in urbanized watersheds and emphasize the need for continued regional and global monitoring given their environmental persistence and ecotoxicological significance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"396 ","pages":"Article 127857"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}