Clean Air Actions were implemented in China in 2013 to reduce air pollutants in the atmosphere through stringent emission controls. Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Alk-PAHs), which are derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are highly toxic, and their levels have been affected after the implementation. This study—conducted in Harbin, a northeastern Chinese city—investigated the policy’s impact by analyzing temporal variations in the concentrations of gaseous and particulate Alk-PAHs from 2014 to 2019. The major air-pollutant data were obtained from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center Network. The measured concentrations of Alk-PAHs in the atmosphere exhibited a significant decreasing trend, with a halving time of 2.67 ± 0.63 years. Meanwhile, the cancer risk (CR) associated with inhalation and dermal exposure demonstrated a halving time of 1.80 ± 0.49 years. Despite the declining trends in the CR associated with inhalation and dermal exposure across three age groups (children, adolescents, and adults), adolescents showed a potential CR. Furthermore, by differentiating the effects of meteorological factors and anthropogenic emission control measures on the decreasing concentrations of ∑30Alk-PAHs and total benz[a]pyrene equivalent concentration (∑BaPeq), 64% of the reduction in the concentration of ∑30Alk-PAHs and 87% of the decline in ∑BaPeq was attributed to anthropogenic emission control measures. Therefore, we can deduce that the implementation of Clean Air Actions not only decreased the concentrations of primary air pollutants, such as PM2.5 particles, PM10 particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide but also decreased the concentration of atmospheric Alk-PAHs.
{"title":"Proof of effect from Clean Air Actions on atmospheric alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons","authors":"Lifu Wang, Mingchao Wang, Longze Qu, Zhineng Wu, Gengbo Ren, Jiao Wang, Xiaodong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126098","url":null,"abstract":"Clean Air Actions were implemented in China in 2013 to reduce air pollutants in the atmosphere through stringent emission controls. Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Alk-PAHs), which are derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are highly toxic, and their levels have been affected after the implementation. This study—conducted in Harbin, a northeastern Chinese city—investigated the policy’s impact by analyzing temporal variations in the concentrations of gaseous and particulate Alk-PAHs from 2014 to 2019. The major air-pollutant data were obtained from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center Network. The measured concentrations of Alk-PAHs in the atmosphere exhibited a significant decreasing trend, with a halving time of 2.67 ± 0.63 years. Meanwhile, the cancer risk (CR) associated with inhalation and dermal exposure demonstrated a halving time of 1.80 ± 0.49 years. Despite the declining trends in the CR associated with inhalation and dermal exposure across three age groups (children, adolescents, and adults), adolescents showed a potential CR. Furthermore, by differentiating the effects of meteorological factors and anthropogenic emission control measures on the decreasing concentrations of ∑<sub>30</sub>Alk-PAHs and total benz[<em>a</em>]pyrene equivalent concentration (∑<em>BaP</em><sub>eq</sub>), 64% of the reduction in the concentration of ∑<sub>30</sub>Alk-PAHs and 87% of the decline in ∑<em>BaP</em><sub>eq</sub> was attributed to anthropogenic emission control measures. Therefore, we can deduce that the implementation of Clean Air Actions not only decreased the concentrations of primary air pollutants, such as PM<sub>2.5</sub> particles, PM<sub>10</sub> particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide but also decreased the concentration of atmospheric Alk-PAHs.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143661034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mangrove-settled spiders play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of mangrove wetlands, yet organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) pose a significant threat to these species. This study evaluated the dietary composition (including 15 insect species) and OHC accumulation in Nephila pilipes, a dominant spider species, across two mangrove habitats, using data from 80 OHCs and quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) accounted for over 50% of the total OHCs in both spiders and insects, followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs). Biomagnification and trophic magnification patterns of OHCs were consistent across both mangroves, suggesting that spatial variability did not significantly influence overall biomagnification. Carnivorous insects exhibited lower proportions of tetra- and penta-BDEs compared to phytophagous insects but had significantly higher total OHC concentrations. The presence of carnivorous insects, such as the ditch jewel, in the spider diet was negatively correlated with phytophagous insects, such as the common emigrant and tobacco cutworm, suggesting potential niche exclusivity. Spiders from more polluted mangroves accumulated higher OHC concentrations, with carnivorous insects contributing 64.9 ± 3.90% and 67.9 ± 5.79% to the total OHC load in Zhuhai and Shenzhen, respectively. The regional differences in OHC concentrations were primarily attributed to higher background pollution levels in Shenzhen rather than dietary composition alone. This study highlights the influence of regional pollution on OHC accumulation in mangrove spiders and underscores the importance of region-specific dietary assessments for accurate pollutant bioaccumulation evaluations.
{"title":"Regional pollution and diet drive organohalogen contaminant accumulation in mangrove-settled spiders (Nephila pilipes)","authors":"Qiang Xie, Lihua Yang, Lvyan Tan, Fenglong Jia, Shuang Zhao, Yuhai Lu, Yuping Wu, Li Lin, Tiangang Luan","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126100","url":null,"abstract":"Mangrove-settled spiders play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of mangrove wetlands, yet organohalogen contaminants (OHCs) pose a significant threat to these species. This study evaluated the dietary composition (including 15 insect species) and OHC accumulation in <em>Nephila pilipes</em>, a dominant spider species, across two mangrove habitats, using data from 80 OHCs and quantitative fatty acid signature analysis (QFASA). Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) accounted for over 50% of the total OHCs in both spiders and insects, followed by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs), and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs). Biomagnification and trophic magnification patterns of OHCs were consistent across both mangroves, suggesting that spatial variability did not significantly influence overall biomagnification. Carnivorous insects exhibited lower proportions of tetra- and penta-BDEs compared to phytophagous insects but had significantly higher total OHC concentrations. The presence of carnivorous insects, such as the ditch jewel, in the spider diet was negatively correlated with phytophagous insects, such as the common emigrant and tobacco cutworm, suggesting potential niche exclusivity. Spiders from more polluted mangroves accumulated higher OHC concentrations, with carnivorous insects contributing 64.9 ± 3.90% and 67.9 ± 5.79% to the total OHC load in Zhuhai and Shenzhen, respectively. The regional differences in OHC concentrations were primarily attributed to higher background pollution levels in Shenzhen rather than dietary composition alone. This study highlights the influence of regional pollution on OHC accumulation in mangrove spiders and underscores the importance of region-specific dietary assessments for accurate pollutant bioaccumulation evaluations.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126105
Zara L.R. Botterell, Rachel L. Coppock, Alessio Gomiero, Penelope K. Lindeque, Stefania Piarulli, Thomas Rees, Lisbet Sørensen, Matthew Cole
Microplastics are a prolific environmental contaminant that pose a risk to marine organisms. Ecotoxicological studies have identified microplastics can cause sub-lethal harm to aquatic biota. However, prior studies often lack comparability and environmental relevance, for example focussing upon monodisperse beads at extremely high concentrations. Copepods are keystone marine taxa that play vital roles in the marine food web and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we adapted ISO methods to conduct acute and partial life-cycle toxicity tests exposing adult and juvenile life stages of the copepod Acartia tonsa to a fully characterised tri-polymer microplastic blend comprising cryoground polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon particles (5-100 μm) at concentrations ranging 0-1000 μg L-1. The tests considered the toxicity of microplastics on a wide number of endpoints including adult survival, algal ingestion rates, egg production and size, larval development ratio and juvenile survival. Mortality, egg size and larval development ratio proved to be the most sensitive endpoints. The tri-polymer blend had an LC5072h value of 182 μg L-1 providing a baseline for future toxicity testing using this method.
{"title":"Acute and partial life-cycle toxicity of a tri-polymer blend of microplastics in the copepod Acartia tonsa","authors":"Zara L.R. Botterell, Rachel L. Coppock, Alessio Gomiero, Penelope K. Lindeque, Stefania Piarulli, Thomas Rees, Lisbet Sørensen, Matthew Cole","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126105","url":null,"abstract":"Microplastics are a prolific environmental contaminant that pose a risk to marine organisms. Ecotoxicological studies have identified microplastics can cause sub-lethal harm to aquatic biota. However, prior studies often lack comparability and environmental relevance, for example focussing upon monodisperse beads at extremely high concentrations. Copepods are keystone marine taxa that play vital roles in the marine food web and biogeochemical cycling. In this study, we adapted ISO methods to conduct acute and partial life-cycle toxicity tests exposing adult and juvenile life stages of the copepod <em>Acartia tonsa</em> to a fully characterised tri-polymer microplastic blend comprising cryoground polyethylene, polypropylene, and nylon particles (5-100 μm) at concentrations ranging 0-1000 μg L<sup>-1</sup>. The tests considered the toxicity of microplastics on a wide number of endpoints including adult survival, algal ingestion rates, egg production and size, larval development ratio and juvenile survival. Mortality, egg size and larval development ratio proved to be the most sensitive endpoints. The tri-polymer blend had an LC50<sub>72h</sub> value of 182 μg L<sup>-1</sup> providing a baseline for future toxicity testing using this method.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neonicotinoid insecticides are used extensively in many pest control schemes across the globe; but little is known about their impacts on free-grazing domestic birds and the quality of meat or eggs produced from such birds. This study assessed the pollution and partitioning of neonicotinoids in serum and eggs of free-grazing ducks from 5 provinces of Thailand and elucidated the associated human health implications. Biological samples (duck serum, egg albumins, and egg yolks) and environmental samples (soil, water, feed) were collected from 9 duck farms in Thailand and subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis. Out of 6 neonicotinoid compounds targeted, five were detected in duck serum. Imidacloprid had the greatest median concentration of 1.4 ng/mL and the highest detection frequency (df) of 85.8% in the ducks` serum, followed by acetamiprid (median concentration=0.4 ng/mL; df=2.8%), clothianidin (median concentration=0.2 ng/mL; df=9.4%) or thiamethoxam (median concentration=0.2 ng/mL; df=7.5%) and dinotefuran (only one sample was contaminated with 6.3 ng/mL of dinotefuran). The neonicotinoids were similarly detected in soil, water, and feed samples obtained from the duck farms, suggesting that the ducks were exposed to the insecticides from the nearby agricultural fields. The neonicotinoid compounds selectively accumulated in the albumin of duck eggs compared to the yolk. The median concentration ratios of albumin to yolk obtained for imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and acetamiprid were 694, 463, 458, 382, and 263, respectively. Upon human health risk analysis, levels of neonicotinoids detected in duck eggs were not found to present any appreciable risks to duck egg consumers.
{"title":"Pollution and Partitioning of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Free-grazing Ducks and their Eggs: Implications for Human Health","authors":"Collins Nimako, Kraisiri Khidkhan, Sittinee Kulprasertsri, Saranya Poapolathep, Paphatsara Khunlert, Yared B. Yohannes, Yoshinori Ikenaka, Shouta M.M. Nakayama, Mayumi Ishizuka, Amnart Poapolathep","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126099","url":null,"abstract":"Neonicotinoid insecticides are used extensively in many pest control schemes across the globe; but little is known about their impacts on free-grazing domestic birds and the quality of meat or eggs produced from such birds. This study assessed the pollution and partitioning of neonicotinoids in serum and eggs of free-grazing ducks from 5 provinces of Thailand and elucidated the associated human health implications. Biological samples (duck serum, egg albumins, and egg yolks) and environmental samples (soil, water, feed) were collected from 9 duck farms in Thailand and subjected to LC/MS/MS analysis. Out of 6 neonicotinoid compounds targeted, five were detected in duck serum. Imidacloprid had the greatest median concentration of 1.4 ng/mL and the highest detection frequency (df) of 85.8% in the ducks` serum, followed by acetamiprid (median concentration=0.4 ng/mL; df=2.8%), clothianidin (median concentration=0.2 ng/mL; df=9.4%) or thiamethoxam (median concentration=0.2 ng/mL; df=7.5%) and dinotefuran (only one sample was contaminated with 6.3 ng/mL of dinotefuran). The neonicotinoids were similarly detected in soil, water, and feed samples obtained from the duck farms, suggesting that the ducks were exposed to the insecticides from the nearby agricultural fields. The neonicotinoid compounds selectively accumulated in the albumin of duck eggs compared to the yolk. The median concentration ratios of albumin to yolk obtained for imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin, and acetamiprid were 694, 463, 458, 382, and 263, respectively. Upon human health risk analysis, levels of neonicotinoids detected in duck eggs were not found to present any appreciable risks to duck egg consumers.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143665922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The presence of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in patients with secondary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (S-NAFLD) and their associations with S-NAFLD incidence have not been previously documented. In this study, serum concentrations of 32 phenolic EDCs, including parabens, benzophenone-type UV-filters, bisphenols, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether derivatives, were detected in patients with S-NAFLD as well as healthy population from South China. These target EDCs were ubiquitous in serum samples from both cohorts. Interestingly, significantly higher (p < 0.05) serum levels of most analytes were detected in individuals with S-NAFLD compared to those in the healthy population. Through multiple modeling analyses, we observed that parabens and bisphenols mixtures were positively associated with S-NAFLD incidence. A list of high-risk EDCs for S-NAFLD-related diseases was identified, including propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben (BuP), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol AP (BPAP). Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between the serum levels of these high-risk analytes and liver clinic indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study firstly examined the serum levels of multiple phenolic EDCs in patients with S-NAFLD, aiming to provide novel insights into high-risk EDCs associated with S-NAFLD incidence and their associations with clinic liver indices.
{"title":"First Evidence in the Association of Phenolic Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals with Secondary Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Case-Control Study in South China","authors":"Henglin Zhang, Shuai Feng, Shiming Song, Qing Zhao, Yanxia Gao, Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126086","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in patients with secondary non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (S-NAFLD) and their associations with S-NAFLD incidence have not been previously documented. In this study, serum concentrations of 32 phenolic EDCs, including parabens, benzophenone-type UV-filters, bisphenols, and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether derivatives, were detected in patients with S-NAFLD as well as healthy population from South China. These target EDCs were ubiquitous in serum samples from both cohorts. Interestingly, significantly higher (<em>p</em> < 0.05) serum levels of most analytes were detected in individuals with S-NAFLD compared to those in the healthy population. Through multiple modeling analyses, we observed that parabens and bisphenols mixtures were positively associated with S-NAFLD incidence. A list of high-risk EDCs for S-NAFLD-related diseases was identified, including propyl paraben (PrP), butyl paraben (BuP), bisphenol A (BPA), and bisphenol AP (BPAP). Furthermore, significant positive correlations were found between the serum levels of these high-risk analytes and liver clinic indices. To the best of our knowledge, this study firstly examined the serum levels of multiple phenolic EDCs in patients with S-NAFLD, aiming to provide novel insights into high-risk EDCs associated with S-NAFLD incidence and their associations with clinic liver indices.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126097
Victoria S. Milner, Matthew J. Hill, Kieran J. Gething, Summer B. Cunningham
The abundance of anthropogenic litter (AL) in aquatic environments is an increasing global problem. Most research on the effects of AL has focussed on marine environments, with research examining the ecological effects of AL in freshwater ecosystems largely missing. Our study examines the impacts of AL on macroinvertebrate diversity in two urban freshwater systems in West Yorkshire, in the United Kingdom. Two urban river and two canal reaches were surveyed for macroinvertebrates from the bed sediments of riffles (in a river), open water and macrophyte habitats (in a canal), and AL items (from both freshwaters). We found higher local taxonomic richness and differences in community composition in 1) the bed sediments of riffles compared to AL items within urban rivers, and 2) open water and emergent vegetation than AL items within our canal reaches. Taxonomic richness was higher on metals and plastics in urban rivers than canal reaches, and macroinvertebrate community composition was distinct between AL types (e.g., fabrics and metals, plastics and polystyrenes), possibly due to differences in structure, shape and texture. AL items in both urban freshwaters supported unique taxa, indicating that AL items may provide a habitat for macroinvertebrates where physical habitat complexity is poor. The restoration of natural physical habitat and removal of AL should be a key priority for freshwater conservation. However, rinsing AL items prior to removal during litter clean-ups is essential to minimise any potential macroinvertebrate loss. In urban freshwaters, physical habitat could be increased by gravel augmentation, installing large wood or boulders.
{"title":"What a load of rubbish: the impact of anthropogenic litter on urban freshwater diversity","authors":"Victoria S. Milner, Matthew J. Hill, Kieran J. Gething, Summer B. Cunningham","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126097","url":null,"abstract":"The abundance of anthropogenic litter (AL) in aquatic environments is an increasing global problem. Most research on the effects of AL has focussed on marine environments, with research examining the ecological effects of AL in freshwater ecosystems largely missing. Our study examines the impacts of AL on macroinvertebrate diversity in two urban freshwater systems in West Yorkshire, in the United Kingdom. Two urban river and two canal reaches were surveyed for macroinvertebrates from the bed sediments of riffles (in a river), open water and macrophyte habitats (in a canal), and AL items (from both freshwaters). We found higher local taxonomic richness and differences in community composition in 1) the bed sediments of riffles compared to AL items within urban rivers, and 2) open water and emergent vegetation than AL items within our canal reaches. Taxonomic richness was higher on metals and plastics in urban rivers than canal reaches, and macroinvertebrate community composition was distinct between AL types (e.g., fabrics and metals, plastics and polystyrenes), possibly due to differences in structure, shape and texture. AL items in both urban freshwaters supported unique taxa, indicating that AL items may provide a habitat for macroinvertebrates where physical habitat complexity is poor. The restoration of natural physical habitat and removal of AL should be a key priority for freshwater conservation. However, rinsing AL items prior to removal during litter clean-ups is essential to minimise any potential macroinvertebrate loss. In urban freshwaters, physical habitat could be increased by gravel augmentation, installing large wood or boulders.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126094
Monica M. Arienzo, Kelly E. Gleason, Graham A. Sexstone, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Melissa R. Schwan, Nicole Choma, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Joseph R. McConnell, Peter J. Weisberg, Adam Csank
Seasonal snow is an important source of drinking water and recreation, and for agriculture in the Rocky Mountain region. Monitoring snow-water quality can inform on the effects to the albedo and energy balance of the snowpack, and the sources of natural and anthropogenic aerosol and gases. This study analyzed metals in the seasonal snowpack from water year (WY) 2018 for 49 sites. Calcium, lanthanum, and cerium concentrations support the importance of mineral dust to the southern Rocky Mountains. Mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations showed a similar spatial pattern to mineral dust, whereas antimony (Sb) concentrations were highest in the northern Rocky Mountains. To assess the relative contributions from dust versus anthropogenic contaminant sources, enrichment factors (EF) were calculated, with values above 10 indicating anthropogenic contamination. For Cd, Hg, Sb, and Zn, EF values exceeded 10 at northern sites. These observations were compared to spatial trends of EF values of Hg from WY2009 to WY2018, regional monitoring networks, and back trajectory analyses. The agreement between these datasets revealed temporally consistent contaminant sources and/or transport processes to the northern Rocky Mountains snowpack. Sources include current and historical mining and smelting in the region. Strategies to limit the emissions of these metals to the Northern Rockies could benefit from focusing on remediation of contaminated sites, and continued monitoring and mitigation of active mining and smelting.
{"title":"Latitudinal gradients of snow contamination in the Rocky Mountains associated with anthropogenic sources","authors":"Monica M. Arienzo, Kelly E. Gleason, Graham A. Sexstone, Mae Sexauer Gustin, Melissa R. Schwan, Nicole Choma, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Joseph R. McConnell, Peter J. Weisberg, Adam Csank","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126094","url":null,"abstract":"Seasonal snow is an important source of drinking water and recreation, and for agriculture in the Rocky Mountain region. Monitoring snow-water quality can inform on the effects to the albedo and energy balance of the snowpack, and the sources of natural and anthropogenic aerosol and gases. This study analyzed metals in the seasonal snowpack from water year (WY) 2018 for 49 sites. Calcium, lanthanum, and cerium concentrations support the importance of mineral dust to the southern Rocky Mountains. Mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations showed a similar spatial pattern to mineral dust, whereas antimony (Sb) concentrations were highest in the northern Rocky Mountains. To assess the relative contributions from dust versus anthropogenic contaminant sources, enrichment factors (EF) were calculated, with values above 10 indicating anthropogenic contamination. For Cd, Hg, Sb, and Zn, EF values exceeded 10 at northern sites. These observations were compared to spatial trends of EF values of Hg from WY2009 to WY2018, regional monitoring networks, and back trajectory analyses. The agreement between these datasets revealed temporally consistent contaminant sources and/or transport processes to the northern Rocky Mountains snowpack. Sources include current and historical mining and smelting in the region. Strategies to limit the emissions of these metals to the Northern Rockies could benefit from focusing on remediation of contaminated sites, and continued monitoring and mitigation of active mining and smelting.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126095
Zhiye Sun, Baoan Li, Jun Liu
The presence of both pentavalent vanadium [V(Ⅴ)] and nitrogen in wastewaters from vanadium smelting poses significant environmental challenges. However, it remains little in the way of continuous flow biological reactor to concurrently eliminated V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen in wastewaters. Herein, membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system was designed to achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) alongside biological reduction, detoxification, and recovery of vanadium. Vanadium and nitrogen removal performances, solid-state characterization, microbial compositions and functional genes, and the mechanism related to the metabolism of vanadium and nitrogen were illuminated. Notably, we identified a potential role for biofilm-derived “secretion” in the transformation of V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen. Our findings revealed that the system achieved SND efficiency of 98.00 ± 0.57% and removed 91.10 ± 3.60% of total vanadium (TV) even at high influent V(Ⅴ) concentrations in continuous flow stage. Batch experiments implied that the conversion of NH4+-N was the limiting process of nitrogen removal in MABR system, and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might play an important role in the conversion of V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen. V(Ⅴ) was reduced to V(Ⅳ), which was immobilized to biofilm and “secretion” by microbial surface functional groups, including C-O, O-C=O and -OH. Acinetobacter, Dechlorobacter, Denitratisoma and Nitrospira were verified as microbes associated with V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen metabolism. The abundance of functional genes pertaining to electron donor, electron transport, and electron acceptor systems increased under high V(V) stimulation. Collectively, the cooperation of biofilm and “secretion” ensured the intensive removal of vanadium and nitrogen. This study provides new insights into the concurrent removal of heavy metal and environmental nutrient.
{"title":"Synchronous vanadium bio-reduction/detoxification/recovery and nitrogen attenuation in a membrane aerated biofilm reactor","authors":"Zhiye Sun, Baoan Li, Jun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126095","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of both pentavalent vanadium [V(Ⅴ)] and nitrogen in wastewaters from vanadium smelting poses significant environmental challenges. However, it remains little in the way of continuous flow biological reactor to concurrently eliminated V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen in wastewaters. Herein, membrane-aerated biofilm reactor (MABR) system was designed to achieve simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) alongside biological reduction, detoxification, and recovery of vanadium. Vanadium and nitrogen removal performances, solid-state characterization, microbial compositions and functional genes, and the mechanism related to the metabolism of vanadium and nitrogen were illuminated. Notably, we identified a potential role for biofilm-derived “secretion” in the transformation of V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen. Our findings revealed that the system achieved SND efficiency of 98.00 ± 0.57% and removed 91.10 ± 3.60% of total vanadium (TV) even at high influent V(Ⅴ) concentrations in continuous flow stage. Batch experiments implied that the conversion of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N was the limiting process of nitrogen removal in MABR system, and the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might play an important role in the conversion of V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen. V(Ⅴ) was reduced to V(Ⅳ), which was immobilized to biofilm and “secretion” by microbial surface functional groups, including C-O, O-C=O and -OH. <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Dechlorobacter</em>, <em>Denitratisoma</em> and <em>Nitrospira</em> were verified as microbes associated with V(Ⅴ) and nitrogen metabolism. The abundance of functional genes pertaining to electron donor, electron transport, and electron acceptor systems increased under high V(V) stimulation. Collectively, the cooperation of biofilm and “secretion” ensured the intensive removal of vanadium and nitrogen. This study provides new insights into the concurrent removal of heavy metal and environmental nutrient.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The widespread distribution of microplastics (MP) in aquatic systems highlights the need for a clear understanding of how they are transported and accumulate on the bottom of water bodies. Developing predictive models for MP dispersion, sedimentation, and bioaccumulation is crucial for informing regulatory decisions and mitigating the impact of MP and related pollutants. Among the key parameters, MP settling velocity is considered the most critical for predicting their behavior in aquatic environments. Recent studies suggest an intricate and not fully understood relationship between MP settling and sediment dynamics. To date, none of the current models can predict how sediment modifies MP settling velocity. Therefore, previous understanding on MP settling does not fully account for the sedimentation of MP in aquatic ecosystems, where sediment suspension is present. This study provides further evidence that the presence of sediment alters the sedimentation rate of MP based on their shape, offering a quantitative estimate of this interaction. For the first time, the effects sediment interaction has on MP sinking trajectories and inclinations are presented. A preliminary, modified version of an existing formula is proposed to estimate MP settling velocity in the presence of sediment, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictive models of MP transport in aquatic environments.
{"title":"Settling velocities of microplastics with different shapes in sediment-water mixtures","authors":"Mirco Mancini, Simona Francalanci, Teresa Serra, Jordi Colomer, Luca Solari","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126071","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread distribution of microplastics (MP) in aquatic systems highlights the need for a clear understanding of how they are transported and accumulate on the bottom of water bodies. Developing predictive models for MP dispersion, sedimentation, and bioaccumulation is crucial for informing regulatory decisions and mitigating the impact of MP and related pollutants. Among the key parameters, MP settling velocity is considered the most critical for predicting their behavior in aquatic environments. Recent studies suggest an intricate and not fully understood relationship between MP settling and sediment dynamics. To date, none of the current models can predict how sediment modifies MP settling velocity. Therefore, previous understanding on MP settling does not fully account for the sedimentation of MP in aquatic ecosystems, where sediment suspension is present. This study provides further evidence that the presence of sediment alters the sedimentation rate of MP based on their shape, offering a quantitative estimate of this interaction. For the first time, the effects sediment interaction has on MP sinking trajectories and inclinations are presented. A preliminary, modified version of an existing formula is proposed to estimate MP settling velocity in the presence of sediment, laying the groundwork for more accurate predictive models of MP transport in aquatic environments.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As important components of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) play a crucial role in the photochemical formation of ozone (O3), especially in the polluted areas in the North China Plain (NCP). However, their seasonal characteristics and sources are not understood well. In this study, one-year measurements of 10 typical OVOCs were conducted through proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) at an urban site (39.95° N, 116.32° E, 96 m a.s.l.) in Beijing. Aldehydes and alcohols were the most abundant types of OVOCs in the entire year, with mean concentrations of 16.3 ppbv and 15.9 ppbv, respectively, and mean proportions of 33.8% and 32.4% of the total. Formaldehyde and ethanol had the highest concentrations of OVOCs throughout the year, with mean annual concentrations of 13.5 ppbv and 10.8 ppbv, respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of OVOCs were highest in the summer, along with the maximum O3-formation potentials and hydroxyl radical (•OH) reactivity values of 83.5 ppbv and 2.8 s−1, respectively. Results from the source apportionment of OVOCs based on multiple linear regression models indicated that secondary sources were the predominant source in summer. In particular, the secondary sources of aldehydes represented by CH2O and acetaldehyde accounted for 36.7% and 51.4% of the total, respectively. This study determined the concentrations and photochemical generation of OVOCs in different seasons, providing a basis for O3 pollution control in urban areas of Beijing.
{"title":"Oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Beijing: Characteristics, chemical reactivity, and source identification","authors":"Gen Zhang, Xiaoqi Zhou, Yifeng Sun, Chong Han, Jiyun Xian, Changxu Mu, Wanyun Xu, Linlin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126065","url":null,"abstract":"As important components of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) play a crucial role in the photochemical formation of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), especially in the polluted areas in the North China Plain (NCP). However, their seasonal characteristics and sources are not understood well. In this study, one-year measurements of 10 typical OVOCs were conducted through proton-transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) at an urban site (39.95° N, 116.32° E, 96 m a.s.l.) in Beijing. Aldehydes and alcohols were the most abundant types of OVOCs in the entire year, with mean concentrations of 16.3 ppbv and 15.9 ppbv, respectively, and mean proportions of 33.8% and 32.4% of the total. Formaldehyde and ethanol had the highest concentrations of OVOCs throughout the year, with mean annual concentrations of 13.5 ppbv and 10.8 ppbv, respectively. The results indicated that the concentrations of OVOCs were highest in the summer, along with the maximum O<sub>3</sub>-formation potentials and hydroxyl radical (•OH) reactivity values of 83.5 ppbv and 2.8 s<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Results from the source apportionment of OVOCs based on multiple linear regression models indicated that secondary sources were the predominant source in summer. In particular, the secondary sources of aldehydes represented by CH<sub>2</sub>O and acetaldehyde accounted for 36.7% and 51.4% of the total, respectively. This study determined the concentrations and photochemical generation of OVOCs in different seasons, providing a basis for O<sub>3</sub> pollution control in urban areas of Beijing.","PeriodicalId":311,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Pollution","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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