As a young man, in 1843-44, Karl Marx believed that Lutheranism was the ‘revolutionary past’ of Germany. In his view the revolution to come, which would be intellectual and social alike, began ‘in the philosopher’s brain’, just as the Reformation had first existed ‘in the monk’s brain’. As far as he was concerned, Hegel considered the Reformation, which resulted both in the transformation of consciences and the change of government, as safely protecting Germany against any French-like revolution (either in its 1789 or its 1830 form). The ‘subverting’ of Hegel by Marx was only a significant landmark in the large intellectual and political debate about the Lutheran Revolution and its links with authority and revolution that took place in Germany from the last decade of the XVIIIth century to 1848, from the Aufklarung as radicalized in ‘jacobinism’ down to the Hegelian left, through political romanticism, Young Germany and Heine.
{"title":"De Hegel à Marx : La Réforme luthérienne entre autorité et révolution","authors":"L. Calvié","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1561","url":null,"abstract":"As a young man, in 1843-44, Karl Marx believed that Lutheranism was the ‘revolutionary past’ of Germany. In his view the revolution to come, which would be intellectual and social alike, began ‘in the philosopher’s brain’, just as the Reformation had first existed ‘in the monk’s brain’. As far as he was concerned, Hegel considered the Reformation, which resulted both in the transformation of consciences and the change of government, as safely protecting Germany against any French-like revolution (either in its 1789 or its 1830 form). The ‘subverting’ of Hegel by Marx was only a significant landmark in the large intellectual and political debate about the Lutheran Revolution and its links with authority and revolution that took place in Germany from the last decade of the XVIIIth century to 1848, from the Aufklarung as radicalized in ‘jacobinism’ down to the Hegelian left, through political romanticism, Young Germany and Heine.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81505858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It was in 1559, during the first national French Synod, that there were, at least officially, the first debates on the legal aspect of privateering carried on by the Protestants. The minister of the Marennes harbour-where sailors and ship-owners had already attacked Spanish vessels-seems to have opened the discussion, when he asks whether Pirates & other people who have used their talents and responsibilities to the prejudice must be admitted to the Supper. From then onwards many are those who bring in arguments pro & contra on the right or injustice of the war that was waged on the sea. If some justify attacks against heretic Roman Catholics in the name of the Protestant cause, others will put forward conscience and moral problems, or even simple economic stakes. In fact the question will long divide the world of Calvinist elites, chiefly in peace time: a source of unease, it will provoke tensions between those in favour of, and against, the war at sea, so much so that the La Rochelle Consistory in 1577 bans the Prince of Conde from the Supper.
{"title":"Les élites calvinistes et la course anti-catholique à La Rochelle : attitudes, justifications et contestations dans les années 1570","authors":"M. Augeron","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1538","url":null,"abstract":"It was in 1559, during the first national French Synod, that there were, at least officially, the first debates on the legal aspect of privateering carried on by the Protestants. The minister of the Marennes harbour-where sailors and ship-owners had already attacked Spanish vessels-seems to have opened the discussion, when he asks whether Pirates & other people who have used their talents and responsibilities to the prejudice must be admitted to the Supper. From then onwards many are those who bring in arguments pro & contra on the right or injustice of the war that was waged on the sea. If some justify attacks against heretic Roman Catholics in the name of the Protestant cause, others will put forward conscience and moral problems, or even simple economic stakes. In fact the question will long divide the world of Calvinist elites, chiefly in peace time: a source of unease, it will provoke tensions between those in favour of, and against, the war at sea, so much so that the La Rochelle Consistory in 1577 bans the Prince of Conde from the Supper.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79707477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The status of the Stuarts' subjects in the Iberian Peninsula raised the problem of the presence of protestants at the very heart of the catholic kingdom. Philippe IV's foreign policy, which relied on the reason of state, induced the monarch to revisit the links between faith and authority, as he wanted to transform the English community of his kingdoms into a nation, in the Old Regime sense. The Habsburgs' migration policies finally involved the gradual integration of English merchants into the Spanish judicial system and to a de facto religious toleration, which would still remain limited to the family circle.
{"title":"Le statut des Anglais dans l'Espagne de Philippe IV (1621-1665) ou la construction d'une nation par la monarchie catholique","authors":"Olivier Caporossi","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1541","url":null,"abstract":"The status of the Stuarts' subjects in the Iberian Peninsula raised the problem of the presence of protestants at the very heart of the catholic kingdom. Philippe IV's foreign policy, which relied on the reason of state, induced the monarch to revisit the links between faith and authority, as he wanted to transform the English community of his kingdoms into a nation, in the Old Regime sense. The Habsburgs' migration policies finally involved the gradual integration of English merchants into the Spanish judicial system and to a de facto religious toleration, which would still remain limited to the family circle.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72652490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By founding their own church federation in 1969, the GDR leaders, whose ideology was supposed to be marxism, enforced the division of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKB). Ever since then, the protestants in the GDR had to define the working ground and fields of activity for the new confederation of evangelical churches (BEK) in the GDR and at the same time its place in and towards the explicitly atheistical state. The GDR's leadership of state and party-demanding the monopoly in the interpretation and creation of the social reality-had to face the existence of the protestant church as an alien element, which actually was not supposed to exist at all. An outline of the most important events and turning points in the relationship between state and church in the GDR and between the two German states shows in which way the political realities and the antagonistic ideologies came into practice. How the two churches handled the restrictions and limitations forced upon them finally depended on their own force. Regarding the GDR, the BEK did not choose a clear-cut stand in the Dictatorship of consensus (Konsensdiktatur), but decided in each case, thus oscillating between adaptation and refusal, between cooperation and confrontation with the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) system.
{"title":"Relations entre Église et État dans la République Démocratique Allemande : principes théoriques et applications pratiques","authors":"Anke Silomon","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1568","url":null,"abstract":"By founding their own church federation in 1969, the GDR leaders, whose ideology was supposed to be marxism, enforced the division of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKB). Ever since then, the protestants in the GDR had to define the working ground and fields of activity for the new confederation of evangelical churches (BEK) in the GDR and at the same time its place in and towards the explicitly atheistical state. The GDR's leadership of state and party-demanding the monopoly in the interpretation and creation of the social reality-had to face the existence of the protestant church as an alien element, which actually was not supposed to exist at all. An outline of the most important events and turning points in the relationship between state and church in the GDR and between the two German states shows in which way the political realities and the antagonistic ideologies came into practice. How the two churches handled the restrictions and limitations forced upon them finally depended on their own force. Regarding the GDR, the BEK did not choose a clear-cut stand in the Dictatorship of consensus (Konsensdiktatur), but decided in each case, thus oscillating between adaptation and refusal, between cooperation and confrontation with the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) system.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75352096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to examine the historical thesis whereby the Old Testament and 'judaizing' culture of British Calvinism contributed to the readmission of the Jews into England in the mid-17th century. The example of Roger Williams' debates with those supporting a national church in the 1640s would seem to show, however, that the Jews were still considered as figures of discourse and were not considered as 'real', contemporary Jews. After the collapse of the national Episcopalian church, the issue of the Reformation was more relevant than ever. A new religious elite attempted to secure their authority by holding as the ultimate foundations of reformed society the institutional models of the Pentateuch, though the Jews were accorded no place within it. Conversely, Williams is opposed to identification with Israel but proves willing to welcome the Jews into the state. Nevertheless, this toleration is only the indirect consequence of a political theory founded on the distinction between divine law and natural law, where the figure of the Jew is anathema and Judaism is a counter-model.
{"title":"\"Israël selon la chair\" et \"Israël selon l’esprit\" : philo-soémitisme et réforme chez Roger Williams","authors":"Frédéric Herrmann","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1547","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to examine the historical thesis whereby the Old Testament and 'judaizing' culture of British Calvinism contributed to the readmission of the Jews into England in the mid-17th century. The example of Roger Williams' debates with those supporting a national church in the 1640s would seem to show, however, that the Jews were still considered as figures of discourse and were not considered as 'real', contemporary Jews. After the collapse of the national Episcopalian church, the issue of the Reformation was more relevant than ever. A new religious elite attempted to secure their authority by holding as the ultimate foundations of reformed society the institutional models of the Pentateuch, though the Jews were accorded no place within it. Conversely, Williams is opposed to identification with Israel but proves willing to welcome the Jews into the state. Nevertheless, this toleration is only the indirect consequence of a political theory founded on the distinction between divine law and natural law, where the figure of the Jew is anathema and Judaism is a counter-model.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83234679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In British North America, the nature and growth of the Church of England was conditioned by specific circumstances, not the least of which being the absence of a resident bishop. This bishop-less Episcopalian Church was also unusually dependent on civilian power and, to make things worse, was globally a minority church. This essay seeks to discuss the characteristics of what has been termed colonial Anglicanism from the foundation of Virginia to the 1750s.
{"title":"Une Eglise épiscopale sans évêques : paradoxes et mutations de l'Eglise d'Angleterre dans les colonies nord-américaines","authors":"B. V. Ruymbeke","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1558","url":null,"abstract":"In British North America, the nature and growth of the Church of England was conditioned by specific circumstances, not the least of which being the absence of a resident bishop. This bishop-less Episcopalian Church was also unusually dependent on civilian power and, to make things worse, was globally a minority church. This essay seeks to discuss the characteristics of what has been termed colonial Anglicanism from the foundation of Virginia to the 1750s.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85401077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Locke's marked praise of Richard Hooker's seminal work, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Polity, shows that the Elizabethan divine's work was appreciated by political philosophers. Olivier Layer's thesis (1977) also extensively proved that Hooker's reflection went far beyond mere problems of church organization and ceremonial. Hooker aimed at defending the Elizabethan Religious Settlement against harsh criticism originating either from the Roman Catholic or from the Puritan sides. Although he firmly adhered to the three great Protestant principles-sola scriptura, sola fides, sola gratia-and refused the Roman Catholic view of Tradition, Hooker nevertheless considered that Scripture only contained divine law as far as man's salvation through Christ was concerned and therefore embarked in a complex and thorough analysis of the concept of law, and of authority, which implied an outright rejection of all forms of religious enthusiasm and granted a fairly wide scope for the exercise of reason. He can therefore be considered as the forerunner or founding father of Anglican rationalism.
洛克对理查德·胡克(Richard Hooker)的开创性著作《教会政法》(laws of the laws of clesiastical Polity)的显著赞扬表明，这位伊丽莎白时代的神学家的作品受到了政治哲学家的赞赏。奥利维尔·莱尔(Olivier Layer)的论文(1977)也广泛地证明了胡克的反思远远超出了单纯的教会组织和仪式问题。胡克旨在捍卫伊丽莎白时期的宗教解决方案，反对来自罗马天主教或清教徒方面的严厉批评。尽管他坚定地坚持新教的三大原则——唯独圣经、唯独信仰、唯独恩典——并拒绝罗马天主教的传统观，但胡克仍然认为，就人类通过基督得救而言，圣经只包含神圣的律法，因此他开始对法律和权威的概念进行复杂而彻底的分析。这意味着彻底拒绝一切形式的宗教热情，并给予相当广泛的范围来行使理性。因此，他可以被认为是英国国教理性主义的先驱或创始人。
{"title":"Autorité de l'Ecriture et autorité ecclésiastique dans l'Eglise d'Angleterre : L'héritage de Richard Hooker","authors":"J. Breteau","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1537","url":null,"abstract":"Locke's marked praise of Richard Hooker's seminal work, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Polity, shows that the Elizabethan divine's work was appreciated by political philosophers. Olivier Layer's thesis (1977) also extensively proved that Hooker's reflection went far beyond mere problems of church organization and ceremonial. Hooker aimed at defending the Elizabethan Religious Settlement against harsh criticism originating either from the Roman Catholic or from the Puritan sides. Although he firmly adhered to the three great Protestant principles-sola scriptura, sola fides, sola gratia-and refused the Roman Catholic view of Tradition, Hooker nevertheless considered that Scripture only contained divine law as far as man's salvation through Christ was concerned and therefore embarked in a complex and thorough analysis of the concept of law, and of authority, which implied an outright rejection of all forms of religious enthusiasm and granted a fairly wide scope for the exercise of reason. He can therefore be considered as the forerunner or founding father of Anglican rationalism.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82145492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taking a text by Charles de Villers (1802) as a starting point, this paper revisits the classical debates on the connection or kinship between a particular religion and an economic or political system. Montesquieu, Tocqueville and Weber are summoned in order to endeavour to understand the modes of transfer from Calvinism to the Republic and sometimes also, conversely, from democracy towards imported religions. One has all the less tried to elaborate definite answers as the main task, in this respect, is undoubtedly to ask the question as pointedly as one can.
本文以Charles de Villers(1802)的一篇文章为出发点，回顾了关于特定宗教与经济或政治制度之间的联系或亲属关系的古典辩论。孟德斯鸠，托克维尔和韦伯被召来是为了努力理解从加尔文主义到理想国的转变模式，有时也相反，从民主主义到外来宗教的转变模式。尽管如此，人们还是试图给出明确的答案，因为在这方面的主要任务无疑是尽可能有针对性地提出问题。
{"title":"Le calvinisme est-il républicain ?","authors":"P. Cabanel","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2005.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2005.1571","url":null,"abstract":"Taking a text by Charles de Villers (1802) as a starting point, this paper revisits the classical debates on the connection or kinship between a particular religion and an economic or political system. Montesquieu, Tocqueville and Weber are summoned in order to endeavour to understand the modes of transfer from Calvinism to the Republic and sometimes also, conversely, from democracy towards imported religions. One has all the less tried to elaborate definite answers as the main task, in this respect, is undoubtedly to ask the question as pointedly as one can.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83265181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dans l’introduction a The New Gothic, Patrick McGrath se reclame a la fois d’Edgar Poe et de Freud. Alors que la psychanalyse permettait d’interpreter le roman gothique traditionnel, il semble qu’a l’inverse, le "neo-Gothique" de McGrath utilise, met en scene et grotesquifie le genre Gothique mais aussi l’ecriture psychanalytique freudienne. Il s’agira donc de comprendre comment Patrick McGrath recupere le genre du case history et bâtit sur ses ruines pour mieux mettre en scene la ruine de la psychanalyse, si bien que la psychanalyse devient elle-meme sujet d’interpretation du "neo-Gothique."
{"title":"Patrick McGrath’s Case Histories or the Ruin(s) of Psychoanalysis","authors":"M. Falco","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2004.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2004.1508","url":null,"abstract":"Dans l’introduction a The New Gothic, Patrick McGrath se reclame a la fois d’Edgar Poe et de Freud. Alors que la psychanalyse permettait d’interpreter le roman gothique traditionnel, il semble qu’a l’inverse, le \"neo-Gothique\" de McGrath utilise, met en scene et grotesquifie le genre Gothique mais aussi l’ecriture psychanalytique freudienne. Il s’agira donc de comprendre comment Patrick McGrath recupere le genre du case history et bâtit sur ses ruines pour mieux mettre en scene la ruine de la psychanalyse, si bien que la psychanalyse devient elle-meme sujet d’interpretation du \"neo-Gothique.\"","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75764073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prenant quelques exemples parmi les publicites incluses dans les numeros mensuels de Bleak House et de Our Mutual Friend de Dickens, cet article tente d’elaborer une poetique de la publicite et de cerner le role des formes gothiques dans le fonctionnement de l’acte publicitaire et ce a travers trois concepts-clefs de la psychanalyse.
{"title":"The Haunted House of Victorian Advertising : Hysteria, Paranoia, Perversion","authors":"S. Thornton","doi":"10.3406/CALIB.2004.1505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3406/CALIB.2004.1505","url":null,"abstract":"Prenant quelques exemples parmi les publicites incluses dans les numeros mensuels de Bleak House et de Our Mutual Friend de Dickens, cet article tente d’elaborer une poetique de la publicite et de cerner le role des formes gothiques dans le fonctionnement de l’acte publicitaire et ce a travers trois concepts-clefs de la psychanalyse.","PeriodicalId":31138,"journal":{"name":"Anglophonia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85093704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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