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Examining Victim Precipitation in Determining a Suspect (A Case Study of Marital Rape That Ended in Death) 在确定犯罪嫌疑人时检验受害人沉淀(以死亡的婚内强奸为例)
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v7i1.307
Aliyth Prakarsa, R. Yulia
Marital rape is part of the form of rape in domestic violence. Its limited characteristics in the family sphere and cultural construction make marital rape sometimes escapes the attention of victims and also the community. In Indonesia, marital rape is still considered as abnormally and impossible incident, it is considered as impossible act for a husband to rape his own wife or vice versa. In several cases had occurred in Indonesia, marital rape become a trigger for physical violence that led to murder (homicide). For example in the two cases of homicide has occurred in Serang City in 2021 and Cilegon 2019. In these two cases, marital rape occurred which led to murder or loss of life. This paper will examine women who are victims of marital rape who are designated as murder suspects, a case study in Serang City. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and cases approach. The results of this study indicate that the determination of woman victims of marital rape as murder suspects in the perspective of victimology does not consider the perspective of the victim's role in the occurrence of a crime. There are two criminal acts happening simultaneously; marital rape and murder. First, the husband as the perpetrator of marital rape against his wife who later becomes a victim of murder due to self defense (the second case). Therefore, in the theory of victim precipitation, the victim plays a role in creating the crime it-self.  The causes of marital rape victims who later become perpetrators of murder must also be considered about. The role of the perpetrators of marital rape is active participation which then resulted in his death. The things that attend in this situation must and need to be considered by law enforcement officials, from the first thing when conducting an investigation. This will affect the next law enforcement process. Therefore, victim precipitation must be considered by investigators in reviewing the chronology of the case before determining the suspect in order to fulfill the rights and protection of the actual victims.
婚内强奸是家庭暴力中强奸形式的一部分。婚内强奸在家庭领域和文化建设方面的局限性使得婚内强奸有时会引起受害者和社会的关注。在印度尼西亚,婚内强奸仍然被认为是不正常和不可能的事件,丈夫强奸自己的妻子或反之亦然,都被视为不可能的行为。在印度尼西亚发生的几起案件中,婚内强奸成为导致谋杀(杀人)的身体暴力的导火索。例如,在两起凶杀案中,分别发生在2021年的Serang市和2019年的Cilegon市。在这两起案件中,发生了导致谋杀或生命损失的婚内强奸。本文将对瑟朗市被认定为谋杀嫌疑人的婚内强奸受害者进行个案研究。本研究采用规范的法律研究方法,采用法定方法和案例方法。这项研究的结果表明,从受害者学的角度将婚内强奸的女性受害者确定为谋杀嫌疑人,没有考虑受害者在犯罪发生中的作用。有两种犯罪行为同时发生;婚内强奸和谋杀。首先,丈夫是对妻子实施婚内强奸的肇事者,而妻子后来因自卫而成为谋杀的受害者(第二种情况)。因此,在被害人沉淀理论中,被害人在犯罪本身的创造中发挥着作用。还必须考虑婚内强奸受害者后来成为谋杀肇事者的原因。婚内强奸罪犯的作用是积极参与,这导致了他的死亡。在这种情况下,执法人员必须而且需要从进行调查的第一件事开始考虑所涉及的问题。这将影响下一步的执法过程。因此,在确定嫌疑人之前,调查人员在审查案件的年表时必须考虑受害者的沉淀,以履行对实际受害者的权利和保护。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Service Safe Deposit Box in Banking Activities 银行业务中服务性保管箱的特点
Pub Date : 2022-03-15 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v7i1.304
Rachmadi Usman, Diana Rahmawati
Provision of safe deposit boxes (SDB) is one of the services in banking activities. The SDB is in the form of a box with a certain size and is rented out to customers, which is used to store goods and securities without the bank knowing its mutation and contents. According to Law No. 7/1992 concerning Banking as amended by Law No. 10/1998, the activity of "providing a place" in the form of SDB is a bank activity that solely rents a place for storing goods and securities, so it is not a safekeeping of goods even though the existence of SDB is under the control and supervision of the bank. If so, it is necessary to investigate whether the provision of SDB services in banking activities is a legal contractual relationship or goods custody. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the characteristics of the legal relationship in the provision of SDB services in banking activities. This research is a normative legal research using legal construction methods and approaches to the application of laws and conceptual. The results showed that the construction of legal relations between the customer and the bank in the SDB rental contract made by the bank was not solely a rental contract, but contained elements of goods storage. This is because the SDB that is leased is not fully under the management of the lessee (customer), the SDB and its contents are under the management and supervision of the SDB owner's bank. Therefore, the SDB rental contract for banking activities is a contract or a mixed agreement (contract sui generis).
提供保险箱是银行业务的其中一项服务。SDB是一个有一定大小的盒子,出租给客户,用于存储商品和证券,而银行不知道其变异和内容。根据经第10/1998号法律修订的关于银行业的第7/1992号法律,以SDB形式“提供场所”的活动是一种银行活动,只租用一个地方储存货物和证券,因此即使SDB的存在受到银行的控制和监督,它也不是货物的保管。如果是,则有必要调查在银行活动中提供SDB服务是否是法律合同关系或货物托管。因此,本研究旨在分析银行活动中提供深发展服务的法律关系特征。本研究是一项规范性法律研究,运用法律建构的方法和方法对法律的适用和概念进行研究。结果表明,银行签订的SDB租赁合同中客户与银行之间法律关系的构建不仅仅是一份租赁合同,而是包含了货物储存的要素。这是因为租赁的SDB不完全由承租人(客户)管理,SDB及其内容由SDB所有者的银行管理和监督。因此,SDB银行活动租赁合同是一份合同或混合协议(特殊合同)。
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引用次数: 0
Due to the Legal Failure to Pay by the Insurance of the Insurance Policy of the Insured 由于被保险人的保险单在法律上未支付保险费
Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v7i1.288
Berliane Rezty Anggriheny, Regina Yusticia Nababan
This Paper Discusses Due To The Legal Failure To Pay By The Insurance On The Insurance Policy Of The Insured. The agreement between the two parties insured (insurance company) and the insured (policy holder) at the time of making an insurance policy is important, because insurance or coverage is a form of agreement. In recent years, Indonesia has been shocked by the number of insurance cases, which has made policyholders from any insurance company to be wary or worried about their money that has entered the insurance company. These policy holders (insured) seek justice and legal certainty by taking various legal methods. This normative research uses the method of legislation and a conceptual approach. This paper aims to analyze the legal consequences of the insurer failing to pay on the rights of the insured and the legal protection for the insured affected by the default. The results of this study indicate that legal remedies that can be taken by the Insured to minimize losses are one of them by paying attention to the time limit for granting claims and benefits that have been agreed in the Insurance Policy which is generally 30 (thirty) days after the agreement. The Financial Services Authority has the authority to ask the Insurer to stop activities if it has the potential to harm the community. It is also authorized to facilitate the settlement of consumer complaints that have been harmed by actors in financial service institutions (Insurers).
本文从被保险人的保险单上探讨了因保险人法定不付款的原因。投保双方(保险公司)和被保险人(投保人)在制定保险单时达成的协议很重要,因为保险或保险范围是一种协议形式。近年来,印尼对保险案件的数量感到震惊,这使得任何保险公司的投保人都对进入保险公司的资金感到警惕或担忧。这些保单持有人(被保险人)通过采取各种法律方法寻求正义和法律确定性。本规范性研究采用了立法方法和概念方法。本文旨在分析保险人不履行被保险人权利的法律后果以及对受违约影响的被保险人的法律保护。这项研究的结果表明,被保险人为最大限度地减少损失而可以采取的法律补救措施是其中之一,因为要注意保险单中约定的索赔和福利的授予期限,通常是协议签订后的30(三十)天。金融服务管理局有权要求保险公司停止有可能危害社会的活动。它还被授权为解决受到金融服务机构(保险公司)行为者伤害的消费者投诉提供便利。
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引用次数: 0
Legal Protection of Instrumenter Witnesses if there is a Problem with a Notary Deed 公证契据有问题时文书证人的法律保护
Pub Date : 2022-03-05 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v7i1.298
Yulianto Syahyu
Instrumenter witnesses are witnesses who play an important role in the inauguration of a notarial deed so that if the existence of this deed witness is not fulfilled, then based on the law regarding the position of a notary, the deed only has the power of proof as an underhand deed. Instrumental witnesses who were present at the inauguration of the deed were included in the notarial field, but in the law regarding the position of a notary which is the only law regarding notarialty, it has not regulated the protection of the witness. This research is a normative legal research using a statute approach and case approach. The results showed the position of the instrumenter witness is only limited to qualifying the formality of the deed only. Regarding legal protection for instrumenter witnesses to date the arrangement has not been regulated in the notary office law even though there has been a law on the protection of witnesses and victims but in fact not enough to provide legal protection for instrumenter witnesses.Thus, a law thatspecifically protects the rights of instrumenter witnesses due to their function relating to notary deeds.
文书证人是在公证契约启动过程中发挥重要作用的证人,因此,如果该契约证人的存在没有得到履行,那么根据有关公证人地位的法律,该契约仅具有作为秘密契约的举证能力。在契约开始时在场的工具证人被包括在公证领域,但在有关公证法的唯一法律——关于公证员地位的法律中,没有规定对证人的保护。本研究是一项运用成文法方法和案例方法的规范性法律研究。结果显示文书证人的地位只局限于证明契据的形式。关于文书证人的法律保护,迄今为止,公证处法尚未对这一安排作出规定,尽管已经有了保护证人和受害者的法律,但实际上不足以为文书证人提供法律保护。因此,法律专门保护文书证人的权利,因为他们的职能与公证契约有关。
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引用次数: 0
Will Data Protection Act Change the Use of Data in Indonesia Financial Services? 数据保护法会改变印尼金融服务中数据的使用吗?
Pub Date : 2022-02-26 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v7i1.297
Suwinto Johan
This data science examines a variety of data in order to aid humans in making complex decisions. This science aide’s management in making complex decisions. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, and algorithms all fall under the category. Data science is growing in popularity as a result of the increasing reliance on technology by businesses such as social media companies and financial technology companies. Financial technology companies create applications that allow for the collection of consumer information. This information is transformed into a set of decision-making management tools. This information was easily obtained prior to the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Act's enactment. This tool can assist management in becoming more efficient and effective in their operations. Additionally, this tool can be used to make complex management decisions, such as credit decisions for financial institutions and product marketing to consumers through appropriate advertising. The objective of this research is to examine use of data for business purposes after the enactment of the PDP Act.  This study employs a  descriptive and legal normative method. This research concludes that enacting the PDP Act will reduce the effectiveness of information processing. However, distinct information protection laws must be developed to improve consumer data protection. Additionally, public education about personal data protection needs to be strengthened. The PDP Act should regulate consumer protection issues and establish independent data protection institutions
这种数据科学检查各种数据,以帮助人类做出复杂的决策。这门科学有助于管理层做出复杂的决策。人工智能、机器学习、大数据和算法都属于这一类。由于社交媒体公司和金融科技公司等企业越来越依赖技术,数据科学越来越受欢迎。金融科技公司创建了允许收集消费者信息的应用程序。这些信息被转化为一套决策管理工具。这些信息在个人数据保护(PDP)法案颁布之前很容易获得。这个工具可以帮助管理部门在其运作中变得更有效率和更有效。此外,该工具还可用于制定复杂的管理决策,例如金融机构的信贷决策,以及通过适当的广告向消费者推销产品。本研究的目的是检查在PDP法案颁布后为商业目的使用数据。本研究采用描述性和法律规范性的方法。本研究的结论是,制定PDP法案将降低信息处理的有效性。然而,必须制定明确的信息保护法来改善消费者数据保护。此外,需要加强有关个人资料保护的公众教育。PDP法案应该规范消费者保护问题,并建立独立的数据保护机构
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引用次数: 2
Commercial Business Dispute Settlement Through Online Non-Litigation Dispute Settlement in Indonesia 印尼通过网上非诉讼纠纷解决解决商业商业纠纷
Pub Date : 2021-09-29 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.247
Ayudia Nur Rifdah, Mulyani Zulaeha, Yulia Qamariyanti
The purpose of the research entitled Settlement of Commercial Business Disputes through Online Non-Litigation Dispute Resolution in Indonesia is to analyze the mechanism for resolving commercial business disputes through non-litigation in the form of ODR in Indonesia and its legal consequences. The research method is in the form of normative legal research, which is a method that uses statutory regulations, which are then analyzed and drawn conclusions from general matters into a specific conclusion. The results of the research obtained are, First: that the legal basis that contains and states implicitly regarding matters relating to ODR is contained in Law Number 30 of 1999 concerning Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution, namely, the contents of the legal regulations also do not provide much clarity. Details on how the conditions for ODR are carried out, the ODR mechanism, and other explanations. Second, the Inconsistency Norm that occurs in regulations relating to dispute resolution through non-litigation ODR, namely between several articles in the AAPS Law, there is a discrepancy or contradiction between the rules or articles that apply, so that the legal rules become vague and unclear. Where according to several articles of the AAPS Law it is stated that the Arbitration dispute resolution process must be written, while according to other articles of the AAPS Law it can be online. There is a legal ambiguity in the non-litigation dispute resolution mechanism through ODR, so that the parties feel that there are no clear directions or instructions in resolving cases, this makes the process of non-litigation dispute resolution mechanisms through ODR not well directed, due to disharmony or inconsistency the rule of law, so that the rule of law becomes vague, vague and unclear. The solution to these legal issues is that the government should make legal regulations that specifically regulate ODR or revise Law Number 30 of 1999 and add articles related to ODR. To the Government to provide websites and institutions that can specifically handle non-litigation dispute resolution through ODR to handle commercial business dispute resolution.
印度尼西亚通过在线非诉讼纠纷解决解决商事纠纷的研究目的是分析印度尼西亚通过ODR形式的非诉讼解决商事纠纷的机制及其法律后果。研究方法以规范性法律研究的形式出现,即利用法律法规,对一般事项进行分析,得出具体结论的方法。本文的研究结果是:首先,包含和含蓄地陈述与ODR相关事项的法律依据包含在1999年关于仲裁和替代性争议解决的第30号法律中,即法律规定的内容也没有提供太多的清晰度。有关如何执行ODR条件、ODR机制和其他解释的详细信息。二是发生在非诉讼ODR争议解决相关规定中的不一致规范,即AAPS法中若干条款之间,所适用的规则或条款之间存在不一致或矛盾,使法律规则变得模糊不清。根据AAPS法的几条规定,仲裁争议解决程序必须书面,而根据AAPS法的其他条款,它可以在线。通过ODR的非诉讼纠纷解决机制存在法律歧义,使当事人觉得在解决案件时没有明确的方向或指示,这使得通过ODR的非诉讼纠纷解决机制的过程没有得到很好的指导,由于法治的不和谐或不一致,使法治变得模糊、模糊和不明确。解决这些法律问题的方法是,政府应该制定专门管理ODR的法律法规,或者修改1999年第30号法律,增加与ODR相关的条款。向政府提供专门通过ODR办理非诉讼纠纷解决的网站和机构,办理商业事务纠纷解决。
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引用次数: 0
Payment of Money in Lieu of the Crime of Corruption in the Recovery of Assets 在追缴资产中以金钱代替贪污罪
Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.221
H. Helmi
In terms of sanctions, the Law on the Eradication of Criminal Acts of Corruption adheres to a double track system, in the sense that in addition to criminal sanctions, it also contains civil sanctions, namely additional penalties in the form of payment of replacement money. So that the law enforcement of corruption in addition to being oriented to “follow the suspect” and “follow the money”, to recover state financial losses. The purpose of this research is to analyze the criminal urgency of paying replacement money in corruption crimes and to analyze the criteria for corruption crimes that can be imposed with additional criminal sanctions. This legal research is a prescriptive normative legal research, with a law approach and a concept approach, using primary and secondary legal materials. The results of this study, (a). The urgency of imposing a penalty for paying compensation is to recover state financial losses from corruption, in which case corruption involving state finances is an act that robs the community of socio-economic rights as stated in the 1945 Constitution, and the penalty for replacement money that has been paid by the convict can be used to “promote the general welfare”. (b). The criteria for imposing a substitute money penalty are: (1). the criminal act of corruption committed by the defendant has caused state financial losses; (2). The defendant has obtained property from the act of corruption he has committed; and (3). The defendant has not returned the state financial loss in the amount of the property he has obtained.
在制裁方面,《根除腐败犯罪行为法》坚持双轨制,即除刑事制裁外,还包括民事制裁,即以支付替代金的形式进行额外处罚。使腐败的执法除了以“跟着嫌疑人走”和“跟着钱走”为导向外,还要追回国家财政损失。本研究的目的是分析腐败犯罪中支付替代金的刑事紧迫性,并分析可以附加刑事制裁的腐败犯罪标准。这项法律研究是一项规定性的规范性法律研究,采用法律方法和概念方法,使用主要和次要的法律材料。这项研究的结果,(a)。对支付赔偿金施加惩罚的紧迫性是为了弥补腐败造成的国家财政损失,在这种情况下,涉及国家财政的腐败是剥夺1945年《宪法》规定的社会经济权利的行为,罪犯支付的替代金的惩罚可用于“促进普遍福利”。(b) 。征收替代罚款的标准是:(1)。被告人的贪污犯罪行为造成国家财政损失的;(2) 。被告人从其腐败行为中获得财产的;和(3)。被告没有退还其所获得财产的国家经济损失。
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引用次数: 0
Legal Protection of Domestic Workers from A National Law Perspective 国家法律视角下的家庭佣工法律保护
Pub Date : 2021-09-16 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I2.260
Yulianto Syahyu
The regulation number 13 of 2003 concerning Labour (Labour Law) has regulated the basic principles for the creation of productive, harmonious and just working conditions. However, the law does not substantively regulate domestic workers. We use the normative research with a statute approach. The presence of Minister of Labour Regulation Number 2 of 2015 concerning Protection of Domestic Workers which is expected to reach things that are not regulated in the labour law is in fact far from what was expected. Domestic workers can’t hope for this ministerial regulation because there are differences between the rights of workers in the labour law and the rights of domestic workers in the Minister of Manpower Regulation Nomor 2 of 2015 which can be said to be discriminatory. Domestic workers are categorized into the scope of the informal sector causing limited rights that can be obtained.
2003年关于劳动的第13号条例(《劳动法》)规定了创造生产性、和谐和公正的工作条件的基本原则。然而,该法律并没有对家庭佣工进行实质性的监管。我们使用规范性研究和法规方法。劳工部长2015年关于保护家庭佣工的第2号条例的出台,预计将涉及劳动法未规定的内容,事实上与预期相去甚远。家政工人不能指望这项部长级法规,因为《劳动法》中工人的权利与2015年第2号人力资源部法规中家政工人的权利之间存在差异,可以说是歧视性的。家庭佣工被归类为非正规部门,导致所能获得的权利有限。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Sharia Cooperative Regulation in Indonesia 印度尼西亚伊斯兰教法合作社监管的动态
Pub Date : 2021-09-13 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.261
M. Aufa, Wempy Setyabudi Hernowo, Dewi Nurul Musjtari
The development of Sharia Cooperatives in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase. Islamic cooperatives are one of the alternatives for some members who will build cooperatives based on several sharia principles. The establishment of sharia cooperatives has encountered conflicts, which are not only in Law Number 25 of 1992 on Cooperatives but are also regulated in Law Number 1 of 2013 concerning Micro Financial Institutions. The formulation of the problem of this research is to find legal clarity in the registration and establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body. The research system used in reviewing the registration and establishment of the legal body of Islamic cooperatives uses normative legal research, which is called library research. From the results of this research, the establishment of a sharia cooperative legal body still refers to Law Number 25 of 1992 concerning Cooperatives as replaced by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation. This is because the Microfinance Institution Law only states that the cooperative is a form of MFI legal entity and does not control in detail the cooperative. This system uses statutory provisions as special legal material and is supported by secondary legal materials in the form of books and journal articles.
伊斯兰合作社在印度尼西亚的发展有了显著的增长。伊斯兰合作社是一些成员的替代方案之一,他们将根据几个伊斯兰教法原则建立合作社。伊斯兰教法合作社的成立遇到了冲突,这些冲突不仅在1992年关于合作社的第25号法律中有规定,而且在2013年关于小额金融机构的第1号法律中也有规定。本研究的问题表述是为了在伊斯兰教法合作法律机构的注册和设立中找到法律的明确性。审查伊斯兰合作社法人登记和成立的研究系统使用规范的法律研究,称为图书馆研究。根据这项研究的结果,伊斯兰教法合作社法律机构的设立仍然参照1992年关于合作社的第25号法律,而被2020年关于创造就业的第11号法律所取代。这是因为《小额信贷机构法》只规定合作社是小额信贷机构的一种法律实体形式,而没有详细控制合作社。这一制度使用法律条款作为特殊法律材料,并以书籍和期刊文章的形式得到次要法律材料的支持。
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引用次数: 2
The Protection of Adaptation Rights to E-Novels Infringed by the Website in Perspective of Copyright Law 著作权法视野下的网络侵权电子小说改编权保护
Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.273
Inge Dwisvimiar, Andhima Abdul Ghanny
Technological development causes infringement to e-book copyright especially e-novel by copying and distributing it without rights for example that is loaded on the website. In line with that, this study aims at explaining and analyzing the protection of adaptation rights for infringement in the form of e-novels by the website in the perspective of copyright law; and explaining and analyzing the legal consequences of the use of the e-novels by the website on the adaptation rights of the creator. This research uses normative juridical research with the approach to applying the laws of UUHC and the case approach in the form of the infringement of the e-novels on the website in www.corongbaca.com. The primary data taken from interview and the secondary data obtained from library studies. The data analyzed qualitatively and descriptively. The result of the study indicates that protection of the creator's adaptation rights from infringement of e-novels by the website in this case has not been realized because the creator who made the e-novel does not get benefit from the adaptation rights of the novel, namely royalties that are distributed based on an agreement with the website then regarding the legal consequences of using e-novels by websites on the author's adaptation rights, there are two consequences that have been carried out, namely: deletion of website content from www.corongbaca.com, and complaints to the Directorate General of Intellectual Property (DGIP), but there has been no follow up on the complaint. As for claims for compensation and criminal charges, the parties did not do so.
技术的发展导致了对电子书版权的侵犯,尤其是电子小说,因为它是在没有权利的情况下复制和分发的,例如加载在网站上的。与此相适应,本研究旨在从著作权法的角度解释和分析网站对电子小说形式侵权改编权的保护;以及解释和分析网站使用电子小说对创作者改编权的法律后果。本研究采用规范的司法研究方法,适用UUHC的法律,并以www.corongbaca.com网站上的电子小说侵权为形式,采用案例研究方法。主要数据来自采访,次要数据来自图书馆研究。数据进行了定性和描述性分析。研究结果表明,在本案中,由于制作电子小说的创作者没有从小说的改编权中获益,网站对创作者的改编权不受侵犯的保护并未实现,即根据与网站达成的关于网站使用电子小说侵犯作者改编权的法律后果的协议分配的版税,已经产生了两个后果,即:从www.corongbaca.com删除网站内容,以及向知识产权总局投诉,但目前还没有对该投诉采取后续行动。至于索赔和刑事指控,当事方没有这样做。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal
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