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Progressivism of Judges in Deciding Applications for Marriage Dispensation 法官在决定婚姻豁免申请时的进步主义
Pub Date : 2021-02-25 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.208
Josua Navirio Pardede, Wigati Taberi Asih, Thogu Ahmad Siregar
Regulation on the age limit for a marriage through Act No. 16 of 2019 is based on the spirit of anti-discrimination and protection of children's rights from the adverse effects of child marriage. However, the efforts to complicate and prevent child marriage has yet to have a significant impact on reducing the rate of child marriage in Indonesia. This condition is occurred by the high level of applications for marriage dispensation that are granted by the court. Hence, the construction of the judge's reasoning in observe the relationship between the substance of the law and the reasons for proposing marriage dispensation is one of the most vital and influential elements. The positivism-legism legal reasoning used in understanding of Act No.16 of 2019 is considered to be the cause of the malfunction of the regulation in protecting and guaranteeing children's human rights. By using doctrinal legal research methods, this research produces a conceptual analysis in the form of a meta-juridical critique on positivist legal reasoning which tends to lead to the legism when trying to understand the objectives of Act No. 16 of 2019 and proposes a progressive legal notion as an ideal reasoning framework in producing decisions on applications for dispensation of marriage that have a perspective on the protection and guarantee of children's rights.
通过2019年第16号法令对婚姻年龄限制的规定是基于反歧视和保护儿童权利免受童婚不利影响的精神。然而,使童婚复杂化和防止童婚的努力尚未对降低印度尼西亚童婚率产生重大影响。这种情况是由法院批准的大量婚姻豁免申请造成的。因此,法官在观察法律实质与提出婚姻豁免理由之间关系方面的推理结构是最重要和最有影响力的因素之一。在理解2019年第16号法案时使用的实证主义法律推理被认为是该法规在保护和保障儿童人权方面失灵的原因。运用理论法学研究方法,本研究以元法学批判的形式对实证主义法律推理进行了概念分析,在试图理解2019年第16号法案的目标时,这往往会导致立法主义,并提出了一个进步的法律概念作为一个理想的推理框架,在就婚姻豁免申请做出决定时保障儿童权利。
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引用次数: 2
Legal Protection of Uighur Muslim Ethnics in China from Perspective Human Rights 人权视角下中国维吾尔族穆斯林民族的法律保护
Pub Date : 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.185
Endah Rantau Itasari
Legal protection of ethnic Uighurs in Xinjiang, China in the perspective of Human Rights and to find out and study the resolution of cases of gross international human rights violations against ethnic Uighurs in Xinjiang, China. Legal protection of ethnic Uighurs based on Article 3,4,5,9,10,11, Universal Declaration of Human Rights by providing protection in the form of protection of the right to life, rights to freedom, and the right to self-security, etc. which is regulated in international legal instruments. 2) gross human rights violations committed by the Xinjiang government, China are not justified by international law because they violate the provisions stipulated in the subsequent Universal Declaration of Human Rights for incidents of human rights violations, then the dispute resolution between the two parties is carried out by negotiation or mediation first first If this method is not effective, the UN Security Council can submit the case to an international court such as the International Criminal Court set out in article 1 of the 1998 Rome Statute.
从人权角度对中国新疆维吾尔族人的法律保护,并了解和研究解决中国新疆严重侵犯维吾尔族人人权的国际案件。根据《世界人权宣言》第3、4、5、9、10、11条,通过保护国际法律文书规定的生命权、自由权和自我安全权等形式提供保护,对维吾尔人进行法律保护。2) 中国新疆政府犯下的严重侵犯人权行为不符合国际法的正当性,因为它们违反了后来的《世界人权宣言》中关于侵犯人权事件的规定,那么双方之间的争端解决首先通过谈判或调解进行。如果这种方法无效,联合国安理会可以将案件提交给国际法院,例如1998年《罗马规约》第1条规定的国际刑事法院。
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引用次数: 1
Construction of Legal Education in College Education through Pancasila Education 从泛文化教育看高校法制教育的构建
Pub Date : 2021-02-09 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.199
Nufikha Ulfah, Endrik Safudin, Y. Hidayah
Legal awareness is a noble ideal when juxtaposed with the realization of smart and good citizens in Indonesia. This study aims to interpret, systematically identify efforts to build legal awareness in Higher Education. The research method used in this research is the Mixed Method. The data were obtained from a questionnaire given to 116 students from the non-law department and non-PPKn department at Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta. The results showed that 1) Building legal awareness through the substance of Pancasila Education material, 2) Student opinion about building legal awareness and law-abiding behavior was that 79% said it was enough, 12% was not optimal. 3) The relevance of Pancasila Education material with efforts to build legal awareness is Pancasila as an ethical system, Pancasila as a philosophical system, the practice of Pancasila, Pancasila as the state ideology, 4) Assessment in Pancasila education is through tests, observations, assignments and projects.
在印度尼西亚,法律意识与实现聪明善良的公民并列,是一种崇高的理想。本研究旨在解释、系统地确定在高等教育中建立法律意识的努力。本研究采用的研究方法为混合法。数据来自对来自日惹Ahmad Dahlan大学非法律系和非PPKn系的116名学生的问卷调查。结果表明:1)通过Pancasila教育材料的实质内容建立法律意识,2)学生对建立法律意识和守法行为的看法是79%的人认为这已经足够了,12%的人认为不是最佳的。3) Pancasila教育材料与建立法律意识的努力的相关性在于,Pancasilla是一个道德体系,Pancasilaa是一个哲学体系,Pancasila的实践,Pancasela是一种国家意识形态,4)Pancasila的教育评估是通过测试、观察、作业和项目进行的。
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引用次数: 2
Ruling due to Bankruptcy Assets Debtors Beyond Areas in Indonesia 印度尼西亚境外债务人破产资产裁决
Pub Date : 2021-02-05 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.201
Imam Syaifullah, Surya Sakti Megantoro
The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of bankruptcy decisions on debtor assets outside the territory of Indonesia and to see the extent to which the bankruptcy law provides protection to creditors from debtors whose assets are located outside the territory of Indonesia. This is Normative legal Research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. The results and discussion concluded that the bankruptcy decision handed down by the Commercial Court in Indonesia could have an impact on the debtor’s assets outside the territory of Indonesia in accordance with Article 21 of the Bankruptcy Law. The issue of execution is hindered by the principle of territoriality from other countries. The bankruptcy law has not fully provided legal protection for creditors if the debtor has assets outside the territory of Indonesia, as a way for curators to carry out private selling. Indonesia should adopt the Uncitral Model Law on cross-border insolvency (1997) or enter into international agreements, either bilateral or multilateral.
本研究的目的是审查破产决定对印度尼西亚领土以外的债务人资产的影响,并了解破产法在多大程度上保护债权人不受资产位于印度尼西亚领土以外的债务人的影响。这是一项具有成文法方法、概念方法和比较方法的规范性法律研究。结果和讨论的结论是,根据《破产法》第21条,印度尼西亚商事法庭作出的破产决定可能对债务人在印度尼西亚领土以外的资产产生影响。执行问题受到来自其他国家的领土原则的阻碍。如果债务人在印度尼西亚境外拥有资产,破产法没有为债权人提供充分的法律保护,作为管理人进行私人出售的一种方式。印度尼西亚应通过《贸易法委员会跨国界破产示范法》(1997年)或缔结双边或多边国际协定。
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引用次数: 0
Kebijakan Hukum Pidana dalam Upaya Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan berdasarkan Prinsip Pembangunan 基于发展原则的环境执法工作中的刑法政策
Pub Date : 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v5i2.162
Tarya Sonjaya, Budi Heryanto, Aji Mulyana, M. R. Aridhayandi
Criminal law policy to enforce environmental law based on the principles of development requires the protection and management of the environment in the framework of environmentally sustainable development, must pay attention to the level of public awareness and environmental development nationally and globally, and legal instruments relating to the environment. As for a problem in this research is how the law enforcement efforts in society and what are the obstacles that occur in efforts to enforce this environmental criminal law, then this research has the aim of providing input and criticism to policymakers in carrying out environmental law enforcement. The method used in this study uses a normative juridical approach. Criminal law policies in efforts to enforce environmental law are based on the principle of sustainable development that national environmental law and international environmental law have not been able to run optimally in their law enforcement efforts because there is no good synergy and it can be from the inconsistency of policy stakeholders in formulating laws. Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Obstacle factors in carrying out criminal Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal Vol 5 Issue 2, September (2020) 204 law enforcement efforts are into 4 (four) factors that have not been able to synergize well in efforts to enforce criminal law in the environmental sector.
在发展原则的基础上执行环境法的刑法政策要求在环境可持续发展的框架内保护和管理环境,必须注意国家和全球的公众意识和环境发展水平以及与环境有关的法律文书。至于本研究的一个问题是社会上的执法努力是如何的,以及在执行环境刑法的努力中出现了什么障碍,那么本研究的目的是为政策制定者进行环境执法提供意见和批评。本研究中使用的方法采用了规范的司法方法。环境执法中的刑法政策是建立在可持续发展原则的基础上的,国家环境法和国际环境法在执法工作中未能实现最佳运行,主要原因是没有良好的协同作用,也可能是政策利益相关者在制定法律时的不一致。关于环境保护和管理的2009年第32号法律。实施刑事犯罪的障碍因素兰邦·曼库拉特法律杂志第5卷第2期(2020年9月)204执法工作分为4(4)个因素,这些因素未能很好地协同执行环境部门的刑法。
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引用次数: 4
Kedudukan Akta Berhubungan dengan Pelaksanaan Jabatan dari Oknum Notaris yang Berijazah Palsu
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v5i2.187
Sophia Nur Diana, Mispansyah Mispansyah, Ahmad Syaufi
The purpose of this study is to analyze the position of the deed in relation to the implementation of the position of the notary person with a fake certificate, and to analyze the accountability of a notary person who has a fake certificate on a notary deed. This is normative legal research and is based on library research. This research was conducted by processing legal resources supported by concepts and theories to support solutions to the main problems being studied. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the position of a notary deed in this study is divided into two categories, namely: (a) the position of a notarial deed made by a person with a notarized certificate, whether the authentic deed still has an authentic deed position by considering the utility elements in law enforcement; and (b) the position of a notary deed made by a fake notarized certificate, is reduced to a notary deed because it does not meet the authentic deed requirements stipulated in Article 1868 of the Civil Code, i.e. the deed must be made by or in the presence of an authorized public official. The responsibility of the Notary for the use of fake Bachelor of Laws (Master of Notary Studies) is (a) criminal responsibility; (B) civil liability; (c) administrative responsibilities; and (d) responsibilities based on the Notary Code of Ethic.
本研究的目的是分析契约的地位与持假证书的公证员地位的执行之间的关系,并分析持假证书的公证员在公证契约上的责任。这是规范性的法律研究,以图书馆研究为基础。本研究通过处理法律资源,以概念和理论为支撑,以支持所研究的主要问题的解决方案。从本研究的结果可以得出结论,本研究中公证契据的地位分为两类,即:(a)持有公证证书的人制作的公证契据的地位,考虑到执法中的效用因素,该公证契据是否仍具有真实的契据地位;(二)伪造公证书制作的公证证书,由于不符合《民法典》第1868条规定的公证证书的真实性要求,即公证证书必须由授权公职人员制作或在授权公职人员在场的情况下制作,而沦落为公证证书。公证员使用假法学学士(公证学硕士)的责任是:(a)刑事责任;(二)民事责任;(c)行政责任;(d)《公证员道德准则》所规定的责任。
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引用次数: 1
Konsep Hukum Whistleblower dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia 告密者在印尼积极法律中的法律概念
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v5i2.163
Yasmin Khairiyyah, D. Agustina
Terminologi Whistleblower mulai diperkenalkan di Indonesia dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 31 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Korupsi. Dalam undang-undang tersebut, whistleblower dikenal dengan istilah Pelapor. Meski begitu, hingga saat ini Indonesia belum mengatur secara komprehensif terkait Pelapor sehingga memberikan implikasi terhadap sempitnya konsep hukum Pelapor. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui konsep Pelapor dalam hukum positif di Indonesia saat ini dan untuk diadakannya legal reform terhadap konsep hukum Pelapor di Indonesia. Metode penelitian adalah yuridis-normatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perbandingan hukum secara mikro pada tingkatan legal concept. Hasil penelitian ini (1) Konsep hukum Pelapor dalam aturan hukum positif di Indonesia saat ini menekankan Pelapor sebagai seorang yang mengetahui dan memberikan laporan terkait tindak pidana tertentu yang bersifat serius maupun tindak pidana lainnya yang bersifat terorganisir yang mana hanya berorientasi pada penegakan hukum. (2) Konsep hukum Pelapor di Indonesia di masa yang akan datang akan memperluas tindak pidana yang dapat dilaporkan oleh Pelapor yaitu dengan tindak memberikan batasan terhadap bentuk tindak pidana dan tidak hanya berorientasi pada penegakan hukum namun juga penanggulangan dengan merujuk pada aturan mengenai Whistleblower yang ada di Afrika Selatan yaitu Witness Protection Act 112 of 1998 dan Protected Disclosures Act 26 of 2000.
告密者的术语于1999年在印尼共和国第31号《消除腐败罪行》中首次出现在印尼。在这项法律中,告密者被称为告密者。然而,到目前为止,印度尼西亚还没有对告密者进行全面的组织,从而对告密者的法律概念产生影响。研究的目的是确定目前印尼的积极法律上的告密者的概念,并使其合法改革对印尼告密者的法律概念。研究方法是一种规范,采用在法律层面上的微观法律比较方法。本研究的结果(1)印尼正法律规则中的告密者法律概念目前强调,告密者既知道并提供有关某些严重或其他有组织犯罪的报告,而这些犯罪仅以执法为导向。(2)法律概念将来的事会发生在印尼扩大报告员报告的报告员,即可以付诸行动的重罪给限制对重罪的形式,不仅注重执法也有指的是规则的告密者的对策在南非112即证人保护法案》1998年和2000年的保护了Disclosures Act) 26。
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引用次数: 1
Protection againts Creditors Rights Holders Fiduciary Guarantee Post Constitutional Court's No.18/PUU/XVII/2019 宪法法院第18/PUU/XVII/2019号决议后对债权人、权利持有人的保护
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V5I2.182
Wardani Rizkianti, Muhammad Helmi Fahrozi, M. Sakti
After the Constitutional Court Decision No. 18/PUU/XVII/2019 was issued, creditors can no longer forcibly withdraw the fiduciary guarantee without the result of the district court’s decision agreed by the creditors and debtors that a breach of promise occurred. The facts in the field are that debtors often make defaults. As a result, creditors must be more careful in executing fiduciary security. This study aims to determine what steps creditors must take to remain by legal corridors. Judges’ decisions must create justice, not only for the debtor but also for creditors’ interests. Creditor services are one of the factors. A large increase in the country’s economy, if creditors’ interests do not accommodate it, the judge’s decision is far from a sense of justice). This study also illustrates the creditor’s executorial power to the fiduciary guarantee deed. Based on normative legal studies, the researcher concludes that regulations to determine precise steps and simple mechanisms need to be established by creditors and the government as a guideline for the execution of guarantees. The executive power has the nature of justice for all parties.
在宪法法院第18/PUU/XVII/2019号裁决发布后,如果没有债权人和债务人同意的地区法院关于发生违约的裁决结果,债权人就不能再强制撤回信托担保。该领域的事实是,债务人经常违约。因此,债权人在执行信托担保时必须更加谨慎。本研究旨在确定债权人必须采取哪些步骤才能遵守法律走廊。法官的裁决必须创造正义,不仅是为了债务人,也是为了债权人的利益。债权人服务是其中一个因素。该国经济的大幅增长,如果债权人的利益不能适应,法官的决定就远非正义感)。本研究还阐释了债权人对信托担保契约的执行权。基于规范性法律研究,研究人员得出结论,债权人和政府需要制定确定确切步骤和简单机制的法规,作为执行担保的指导方针。行政权力具有为各方伸张正义的性质。
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引用次数: 0
Kedudukan Pembagian Harta Warisan bagi Ahli Waris Khuntsa dalam Perspektif Kemajuan Teknologi 从技术进步的角度看昆萨继承人的遗产共享地位
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V5I2.183
Riana Kesuma Ayu
Bagian-bagian para ahli waris telah ditetapkan dalam Al-Qur'an dan Sunah Rasul, yaitu sebagaimana telah ditetapkan dalam Al-Qur'an surah An-Nisa Ayat 7 yang pada ayat ini ditetapkan bahwa laki-laki dan perempuan sama-sama mempunyai hak atas warisan orang tua (Ibu dan Bapak serta keluarga terdekatnya). Dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam yang dipakai sebagai dasar hukum Kewarisan Islam di Indonesia tidak ada satupun yang memuat bahasan dan pembagian harta warisan bagi ahli waris khuntsa. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) untuk menganalisis dan menemukan konsep hukum pembagian harta warisan bagi ahli waris khuntsa menurut hukum Faraid, dan (2) untuk menganalisis dan menemukan konsep penyelesain sengketa dalam pembagian harta warisan bagi ahli waris khuntsa. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Konsep Pembagian Hukum Ahli Waris khuntsa dalam Hukum Faraidh, yang paling mendekati rasa keadilan adalah dengan mengambil bagian rata-rata dari dua perkiraan, sehingga baik diperkirakan laki-laki ataupun perempuan hasilnya ditambah dan dibagi dua. Dan (2) Konsep Penyelesain Sengketa Ahli Waris Khuntsa dalam Hukum Faraidh bisa dilakukan dengan memakai konsep Ishlah (mendamaikan) secara kekeluargaan yaitu berdasarkan kesepakatan para ahli waris
《古兰经》和《信使》已经规定了一些继承人。在作为印度尼西亚伊斯兰遗产法基础的《伊斯兰法汇编》中,没有人掌握语言,也没有人掌握将遗产分配给穷人继承人的情况。本研究的目的是:(1)根据法老律法,分析并找到继承人分享遗产的概念;(2)分析并找到遗产继承人分享继承的概念。本研究的结果是:(1)法鲁法中的继承人划分概念,最接近公正的是通过两次计算的平均值,因此男性或女性都希望将结果相加并除以二。(2)根据继承人的协议,《法鲁法》中昆萨继承人的定居概念可以通过在家庭中使用以实玛利的概念来实现。
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引用次数: 1
Penggunaan Asuransi terhadap Risiko Pelaksanaan Jabatan Notaris 保险用于履行公证职位的风险
Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V5I2.186
Khairunnisa Noor Asufie, Yulia Qamariyanti, Rachmadi Usman
A notary is a public official appointed by an authorized official who plays a role in the field of civil law. The authority of the Notary is regulated in Article 15 of Act Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning Acts of Notary Position. Regarding the authority of the Notary as a public official ( openbaar ambtenaar ) who has the authority to make authentic deeds can be burdened with responsibility for the authentic deed he made. The need for legal protection for Notaries against these risks, it is necessary to have an insurance / notary position insurance as a way of transferring risk. The legal problems that occur are the absence of an insurance product / Notary position insurance and the form of insurance / notary position insurance. The purpose of this study is to identify the urgency and form of insurance / coverage of the Notary Position. Legal research conducted is normative legal research by conducting research on the legal system. Legal research conducted by the author using a legislative approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The urgency of the use of insurance protection / coverage of the Notary position is an important one as a way of transferring the risks faced by Notaries and as a form of maximum legal protection for Notaries in the execution of positions. The use of insurance / coverage against the risk of implementing a Notary can be in the form of Professional insurance more specifically in the form of Notary insurance which is part of insurance / general coverage which is insurance / loss coverage in the form of new products made by insurance companies / insurance as fulfillment of insurance / insurance needs for Notary in carrying out the position of Notary
公证员是由在民法领域发挥作用的授权官员任命的公职人员。2014年第2号法案第15条规定了公证人的权限,该法案涉及对2004年第30号法律的修订。关于公证人作为有权做出真实契约的公职人员(openbaar ambtenaar)的权力,他可以对自己做出的真实契约承担责任。为了使公证人免受这些风险的法律保护,有必要购买保险/公证人职位保险作为转移风险的一种方式。出现的法律问题是缺乏保险产品/公证人职位保险以及保险/公证人位置保险的形式。本研究的目的是确定公证人职位保险/保险的紧迫性和形式。法律研究是通过对法律制度进行研究而进行的规范性法律研究。作者采用立法方法、概念方法和比较方法进行的法律研究。作为转移公证人面临的风险的一种方式,以及作为公证人在执行职位时获得最大法律保护的一种形式,使用公证人职位的保险保护/保险范围的紧迫性是一个重要因素。针对实施公证风险的保险/承保范围可以采用专业保险的形式,更具体地说,可以采用公证人保险的形式。公证人保险是保险/一般承保的一部分,是保险公司生产的新产品的保险/损失保险/保险,以满足公证人在执行公证人职位
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal
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