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The Consequence of the Legal Application of Forest Area Defense Principles and Approval Principles 林区防卫原则与审批原则法律适用的后果
Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.256
Berliane Rezty Anggriheny, Regina Yusticia Nababan
Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation is believed to be able to save Indonesia because it is considered to be able to create jobs, assist small business actors, streamline regulations in terms of numbers and simplify regulations to make them more targeted. On the other hand, the job creation law is considered to be detrimental to many groups, such as workers such as laborers, fishermen, and farmers who are also considered to only provide benefits to entrepreneurs. Law Number 11 of 2020 with new rules and amendments to Article 18 and Article 19 of Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry. In Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, it is regulated that changes in the allocation and function of forest areas are determined by the Government based on the results of integrated research. Second, the area offorest that must be maintained is at least 30% (percent) of the area of river watersheds and/or islands with a proportional distribution. However, in the Job Creation Law the minimum figure of 30% (thirty percent) is no longer mentioned in the amendment article and the abolition of provisions related to the DPR’s authority in giving approval for the transfer of functions/changes in forest areas. This paper aims to find out the principles that have been violated and the legal consequences of applying the article. The research method used in this research is the type of normative legal research. The results of this study indicate that there are deviations from the land principle and the principle of consent which can cause the norms contained in Article 18 paragraph (2) and Article 19 paragraph (2) of Law Number 11 of 2020 to be less enforceable. The abolition of the minimum area of forest area and the abolition of the DPR’s authority to approve the transfer of functions/changes to forest areas, will have the potential to provide greater opportunities for deforestation.
关于创造就业机会的2020年第11号法律被认为能够拯救印度尼西亚,因为它被认为能够创造就业机会,帮助小企业行为者,在数量上简化法规,并简化法规以使其更具针对性。另一方面,《创造工作岗位法》被认为对劳动者、渔民、农民等劳动者不利,他们也被认为只给企业家提供福利。2020年第11号法,新规则和对1999年第41号法第18条和第19条的修改。1999年关于林业的第41号法律规定,森林地区的分配和功能的变化由政府根据综合研究的结果决定。其次,必须保持的森林面积至少占河流流域和(或)岛屿面积的30%(百分比),并按比例分布。然而,在《创造就业法》中,修正条款和废除有关人民代表共和国批准林区职能转移/变更的权力的规定不再提及30%(30%)的最低数字。本文旨在找出其违反的原则以及适用该条的法律后果。本研究采用的研究方法是规范性法律研究的类型。本研究的结果表明,土地原则和同意原则存在偏差,这可能导致2020年第11号法律第18条第(2)款和第19条第(2)款所载规范的可执行性降低。取消森林地区的最小面积和取消人民民主共和国批准将职能转移/变更到森林地区的权力,将有可能为砍伐森林提供更大的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Dispute Settlement Analysis and Refused Claims in Payment Gateway Transactions on Paypal Indonesia Paypal印度尼西亚支付网关交易中的争议解决分析和被拒绝的索赔
Pub Date : 2021-09-11 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.262
Recca Ayu Hapsari, B. Hartono, Yana Listiyani
In transactions using Paypal, of course, there are many reasons for the risk of disputes occurring, ranging from delays in delivery, damaged goods, and transactions without authorization. The problem will be different when they carry out business transactions in different regions of the country and they have different nationalities. The research method uses a normative and empirical juridical approach, a normative juridical approach is carried out by studying legal norms or rules, while the empirical approach is carried out by direct interviews with sources who will relate to research problems, the data analysis used is qualitative. In trading transactions via the internet, trade is generally carried out by people who are located and subject to different countries and jurisdictionsThe legal relationship between Payment Gateway Users and Payment Gateway Providers At Fintech Paypal Indonesia is where the parties involved in the electronic payment system include consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway providers. legal relationships that arise between consumers, business actors, acquirers, issuers and payment gateway operators are born from agreements made by the parties. Dispute Resolution and Chargeback Claims in Payment Gateway Transaction activities on Paypal Fintech where the paypal system provides services can communicate directly with the seller by opening a dispute at the Paypal Dispute Settlement Center. if it is not completed in following the policies provided by paypal services, consumers or business actors can ask for recommendations to mediate to the paypal service center but if they are not finished, business actors and consumers can resolve disputes through litigation, which usually business actors are subject to the applicable law, applies where the consumer is a national.
当然,在使用Paypal的交易中,有很多原因会导致发生纠纷的风险,比如交货延迟、货物损坏、未经授权的交易等。当他们在国家的不同地区进行商业交易时,他们有不同的国籍,问题就会不同。研究方法采用规范和经验的司法方法,规范的司法方法是通过研究法律规范或规则来进行的,而经验的方法是通过直接采访与研究问题相关的来源来进行的,使用的数据分析是定性的。在通过互联网进行的交易中,贸易通常是由位于不同国家和司法管辖区的人进行的。支付网关用户和支付网关提供商之间的法律关系在Fintech Paypal印度尼西亚,涉及电子支付系统的各方包括消费者,商业参与者,收款人,发行人和支付网关提供商。消费者、商业参与者、收单方、发卡方和支付网关运营商之间的法律关系产生于各方达成的协议。Paypal系统提供服务的Paypal Fintech上的交易活动可以通过在Paypal争议解决中心开设争议来直接与卖方沟通。如果没有按照paypal服务提供的政策完成,消费者或商业行为者可以向paypal服务中心请求建议进行调解,但如果没有完成,商业行为者和消费者可以通过诉讼解决纠纷,通常商业行为者受适用法律的约束,适用于消费者是国民的情况。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of the Concept of Command Responsibility in Human Rights Court Provisions 人权法院规定中指挥责任概念之比较
Pub Date : 2021-08-30 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.259
Achmad Abdul Wahid, Muhammad Ikbal Rachman, Moh Imam Gusthomi
The new spirit of human rights enforcement in Indonesia through the ratification of Law no. 26 of 2000 became the main pillar to accommodate issues that attracted international attention. Law No. 26 of 2000 has shown the importance of regulating human rights enforcement, the regulation is also the main instrument to protect and guarantee human rights enforcement mechanisms in Indonesia. The author takes a legal problem on the comparative law of Law no. 26 of 2000 concerning the Human Rights Court which was adopted from the provisions of the 1998 Rome Statute. Several human rights activists took action, this was because the 1998 Rome Statute provisions were adopted imperfectly in article 42 of Law no. 26 of 2000 which caused problems in the enforcement of the Human Rights Court. Some of the perpetrators of gross human rights violations in Indonesia are generally parties with power or position, who can escape the applicable legal sanctions and are free from responsibility for the actions that have been committed by them or their groups. So it is important for the development of human rights in Indonesia to improve the norms of command responsibility in Article 42 of Law no. 26 of 2000. Based on these issues, the author will integrate several comparative laws and principles to get a concrete solution. The purpose of this research is to build a legal framework to strengthen the enforcement of Indonesian human rights. The methodology that will be used is a normative method with a conceptual approach. The findings of this study reveal that several human rights violations by the Command in Indonesia have not yet been resolved properly and have attracted international attention. In theoretical studies, the existence of the principle of command responsibility is considered difficult to prove in court. The involvement of human rights violators by the TNI command in several cases is evidence that the implementation of the command responsibility mechanism in human rights violations is far from being expected.
通过批准第2号法律,印度尼西亚实行人权的新精神。2000年第26号决议成为解决引起国际关注的问题的主要支柱。2000年第26号法律表明了规范人权执行的重要性,该法规也是印度尼西亚保护和保障人权执行机制的主要工具。笔者对《中华人民共和国第19号法条》的比较法问题进行了研究。根据1998年《罗马规约》的规定通过的关于人权法院的2000年第26号决议。一些人权活动家采取了行动,这是因为1998年《罗马规约》的规定在第42号法中被不完美地采纳。这在人权法院的执行中造成了问题。在印度尼西亚严重侵犯人权的一些肇事者一般是有权力或地位的政党,他们可以逃避适用的法律制裁,不必为他们或其集团所犯的行为负责。因此,对印度尼西亚人权的发展来说,重要的是改进第42号法第42条中的指挥责任规范。2000年第26条。基于这些问题,笔者将结合几个比较法和原则,得出一个具体的解决方案。这项研究的目的是建立一个法律框架,以加强印度尼西亚人权的执行。将使用的方法论是一种带有概念方法的规范性方法。这项研究的结果显示,该司令部在印度尼西亚的几起侵犯人权事件尚未得到妥善解决,并引起了国际社会的注意。在理论研究中,指挥责任原则的存在被认为难以在法庭上证明。TNI指挥部在若干案件中涉及侵犯人权者的事实证明,在侵犯人权事件中执行指挥责任机制远未达到预期。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-Tipping off Perspective to Target Company Bank's Suspicious Transaction Report in Merger Activity 并购活动中目标公司银行可疑交易报告的反举报视角
Pub Date : 2021-08-08 DOI: 10.32801/lamlaj.v6i2.266
Muh. Afdal Yanuar
The purpose of this study is, to explain the legal concept and regulation of anti-tipping off in the banking sector, and to explore about the position of the Suspicious Transaction Report belonging to the target company bank in the merger activity based on anti-tipping off provisions. This is Normative legal Research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach and a comparative approach. The background of the problem in this paper is, there is no strong legitimacy about definition and limitation of the meaning of the phrase ‘other parties’ in article 12 paragraph (1) Anti Money Laundering Law, which regulate about anti tipping off, wether the absorbing company bank is the 'other parties' of target company bank on the merger activity or not, when target company bank delivered it suspicious transaction reports to absorbing company bank prior to the merger. The results and discussion concluded that Anti-tipping off is a provision that prohibits tipping off. Tipping off itself is an action by a senior officer or Management or Employee of the Reporting Party (inter alia, Bank) to disclose facts related to a Suspicious Transaction Report that has been reported to Financial Intelligence Unit (in casu, PPATK). This is concrete and manifested in the provisions of Article 12 paragraph (1) of the Anti Money Laundering Law. Besides that, Viewed from the anti-tipping off perspective, all the rights owned by the target company Bank prior to the merger, ex officio, become the rights of the absorbing company, since the target company Bank legally merges into a part of the absorbing company. Based on that, it can be concluded that with respect to merger activities, the absorbing company banks are not ‘other Parties’ from the target company Bank. 
本研究的目的是解释银行业反举报的法律概念和规定,并基于反举报条款探讨目标公司银行的可疑交易报告在合并活动中的地位。这是一种规范的法律研究方法,包括法定方法、概念方法和比较方法。本文问题的背景是,《反洗钱法》第12条第(1)款对“其他方”一词的含义的定义和限制没有很强的合法性,该款对反通风报信进行了规定,无论吸收公司银行是否是目标公司银行在并购活动中的“其他各方”,当目标公司银行在合并前向吸收公司银行提交可疑交易报告时。结果和讨论得出的结论是,反举报是一项禁止举报的条款。举报本身是报告方(尤其是银行)的高级官员或管理层或员工披露与已向金融情报部门(在案例中,PPATK)报告的可疑交易报告有关的事实的行为。这一点具体体现在《反洗钱法》第12条第(1)款的规定中。此外,从反泄密的角度来看,由于目标公司银行合法合并为吸收公司的一部分,因此目标公司银行在合并前拥有的所有权利当然成为吸收公司的权利。基于此,可以得出结论,就合并活动而言,吸收公司银行不是目标公司银行的“其他方”。
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引用次数: 0
Urgency of Marriage Regulation Between Civil State between Civil State Employees and Foreign Citizens 论我国公务员与外国公民婚姻规范的紧迫性
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.236
Dewi Masyitha
Mixed marriage has become a common thing nowadays, but the arrangement in Indonesia is still limited. Even until now there has been no regulation regarding mixed marriages between Civil Servants and Foreign Citizens, even though their status as Civil Servants has various special consequences. Thus, there is a need for a special arrangement to accommodate the rights and obligations of perpetrators of mixed marriages between civil servants and foreign citizens. This type of research uses a normative juridical approach. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the urgency of establishing a regulation on mixed marriage between civil servants and foreigners is needed as a guide for civil servants in fulfilling their rights and obligations and their implementation needs to be outlined in the revision of PP. 10 of 1983 and PP. 7 of 1977.
如今,跨国婚姻已经成为一件很普遍的事情,但在印度尼西亚,这种安排仍然有限。直到现在,还没有关于公务员和外国公民通婚的规定,尽管他们的公务员身份会产生各种特殊后果。因此,有必要作出特别安排,以照顾公务员与外国公民异族通婚者的权利和义务。这种类型的研究使用规范的司法方法。根据本研究,可以得出结论,迫切需要制定公务员与外国人通婚的规定,作为公务员履行其权利和义务的指南,其实施需要在1983年PP. 10和1977年PP. 7的修订中进行概述。
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引用次数: 0
Measuring Indonesia's Commitment to Reducing Plastic Waste in the Sea Through A Legal Approach 衡量印度尼西亚通过法律途径减少海洋塑料垃圾的承诺
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.242
Muhammad Insan Tarigan
Indonesia is the second-largest producer of plastic pollution in the world after China. Based on the data in 2018, there were about 1.29 million tonnes plastic waste end up in the ocean per annum. With that regard, Indonesia needs to be responsible for the negligence in doing the international obligation to prevent, reduce, and manage the pollution that affect marine environment. The purpose of this research is to observe Indonesia’s commitment in reducing plastic pollution on marine environment by doing some legal approach. Therefore, this research conducted by normative juridical and using descriptive analysis. Data analysis that obtained is done through literature study. The conclusion of this research is that the commitment of Indonesian Government on preventing plastic waste in marine environment relatively needs to be improved. There are some of regulations which already targeted that has not established yet by Indonesian Government.
印度尼西亚是仅次于中国的世界第二大塑料污染生产国。根据2018年的数据,每年约有129万吨塑料垃圾流入海洋。在这方面,印度尼西亚需要对在履行预防、减少和管理影响海洋环境的污染的国际义务方面的疏忽负责。本研究的目的是通过采取一些法律方法来观察印度尼西亚在减少塑料对海洋环境污染方面的承诺。因此,本研究采用规范司法和描述性分析的方法进行。所获得的数据分析是通过文献研究完成的。本研究的结论是,印尼政府在防止海洋环境中塑料垃圾方面的承诺相对需要提高。印尼政府尚未制定一些已经针对性的法规。
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引用次数: 0
Strengthening Community Participation in Prevention of Corruption through the Regulation Integrated Participative Correctional Institutions 透过规管加强社区参与预防贪污
Pub Date : 2021-03-31 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.245
Wencislaus Sirjon Nansi
The Article Entitled "Strengthening Public Participation in the Prevention of Corruption through the Regulation of Integrative Participative Institutions" is a normative study that wants to analyze the importance of the role of public participation in controlling the policies of prisons in Indonesia in order to minimize corrupt practices in prisons. The results of the authors' study found that there are obstacles in optimizing the role of public participation in efforts to prevent corruption in prisons, that correctional regulations do not strictly and in detail about community participation. Therefore, the solution offered in this paper is that the government or legislators immediately create regulations that accommodate public participation in controlling correctional policies in Indonesia through participatory correctional regulations. So that this can become a legal basis that provides legal certainty for the public to participate in preventing corruption in prisons
题为“通过监管一体化参与机构加强公众参与预防腐败”的文章是一项规范性研究,旨在分析公众参与在控制印度尼西亚监狱政策方面的重要性,以尽量减少监狱中的腐败行为。作者的研究结果发现,在优化公众参与预防监狱腐败的作用方面存在障碍,惩教条例对社区参与没有严格而详细的规定。因此,本文提供的解决方案是,政府或立法者立即制定法规,通过参与式惩教法规,让公众参与控制印度尼西亚的惩教政策。使之成为法律基础,为公众参与预防监狱腐败提供法律确定性
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引用次数: 0
Legality of Construction Working Contracts as an Formil Agreement 建筑施工合同作为形式协议的合法性
Pub Date : 2021-03-30 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.234
Diana Rahmawati, Z. Zakiyah, M. Arsyad
The purpose of this study is to determine the form of construction work contracts and the legal consequences of construction work contracts that are not in accordance with the provisions of statutory regulations in the field of construction services. The legal research method used is normative legal research, which is a study of the prevailing laws and regulations which are particularly related to construction service contracts. This type of research is legal obscurity. A construction work contract is a type of formal agreement in which Law Number 2 of 2017 concerning Construction Services and its implementing regulations determines the procedures and conditions before the contract is made, including the form and content of the construction work contract, by determining the standard at a minimum, the contents of a construction service work contract that must be included in the construction work agreement by the parties. Since the construction work contract is a contract with mandatory conditions, the construction work contract is a formal agreement. This is if the construction work contract is made without paying attention to the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of construction services, both regarding the qualification requirements of a construction service provider, the procedure for selecting a service provider and the form and content of the construction service contract that has been determined by the law. As a juridical consequence, if the formal conditions are not fulfilled in a contract concerned, it is not legally enforceable or in other words it is a null and void contract (nietig, null and void).
本研究的目的是确定建筑工程合同的形式以及建筑工程合同不符合建筑服务领域法定法规规定的法律后果。所使用的法律研究方法是规范性法律研究,这是对与建筑服务合同特别相关的现行法律法规的研究。这种类型的研究在法律上是默默无闻的。建筑工程合同是一种正式协议,其中关于建筑服务的2017年第2号法律及其实施条例通过确定最低标准来确定合同签订前的程序和条件,包括建筑工程合同的形式和内容,当事人必须在建筑工程协议书中载明的建筑工程服务合同的内容。由于建筑工程合同是具有强制性条件的合同,因此建筑工程合同属于正式协议。如果在订立建筑工程合同时不注意建筑服务领域的法律法规的规定,包括建筑服务提供者的资格要求、选择服务提供者的程序以及法律确定的建筑服务合同的形式和内容。因此,如果相关合同中的正式条件没有得到满足,则该合同在法律上是不可执行的,或者换句话说,该合同是无效的(nietig,无效)。
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引用次数: 0
Revitalization of the Environmental Supervision Policy on Coordination and Commitment Based Coal Mining 振兴协调承诺型煤矿环境监管政策
Pub Date : 2021-03-21 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.226
Nurul Listiyani, R. Zulfikar, Rakhmat Nopliardy
This study was conducted to find a form of control policies on environmental management for mining of coal that regulate the coordination between stakeholders, authorities and the object of supervision, as well as a commitment to an active role between the government, business actors and the community in monitoring environmental management. The approach method in this research is socio-juridical, with qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. The results showed that both from the regulatory and implementation aspects, the coordination of the implementation of supervision had not been regulated and implemented optimally, so that it did not support the realization of an integrated environmental management supervision based on the principle of integration. Based on this, it is necessary to establish a legal system for environmental management in the form of regional regulations which contain an integrated supervisory system with a shared commitment between the leading sector
本研究旨在寻找一种煤炭开采环境管理控制政策,规范利益相关者、当局和监督对象之间的协调,以及政府、企业行为者和社区在监督环境管理方面发挥积极作用的承诺。本研究的研究方法是社会法学,采用定性和定量分析相结合的方法。结果表明,从监管和实施两个方面来看,监管实施的协调没有得到最佳的监管和实施,因此不支持实现基于一体化原则的一体化环境管理监管。在此基础上,有必要以区域法规的形式建立一个环境管理法律体系,其中包含一个由主导部门共同承诺的综合监督系统
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引用次数: 0
Equating Villa with Theft Offense"House" in Aggravated 将别墅等同于盗窃罪加重的“房子”
Pub Date : 2021-03-17 DOI: 10.32801/LAMLAJ.V6I1.224
Peter Jeremiah Setiawan, Xavier Nugraha, Widyanti Wibowo
One of the places that is often targeted by thieves is in a villa. In Article 363 paragraph (1) 3 of the Criminal Code, there is a regulation related to theft with a aggravating if the theft is carried out at night in a house or closed yard where the house is, but there is no provision that explicitly states that it is related to theft in a villa. Based on this background, the formulation of the objectives of this article is to understand: 1. What are the elements of the aggravated theft offense ? 2. Can a villa be conaidered with a "house" as an element of the aggravated  theft offense ? This research is a normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. Based on the analysis in this article, it can be understood that 1. The elements in the offense are the same as ordinary theft, but there are additional elements that are alternative. 2. The theft in a villa at night can be qualified for theft with a aggravating factor as stipulated in Article 363 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, on the basis of socio-historical interpretation and extensive interpretation
经常被小偷盯上的地方之一是别墅。在《刑法》第363条第(1)3款中,有一项规定与盗窃有关,如果盗窃是在夜间在房屋或房屋所在的封闭庭院内进行的,则可加重处罚,但没有明确规定与别墅盗窃有关。基于这样的背景,本文的目的是为了理解:1。加重盗窃罪的要素是什么?2.别墅是否可以与“房子”一起构成严重盗窃罪?这项研究是一项规范性的法律研究,采用了法定、概念和案例的方法。基于本文的分析,可以理解为1。犯罪要素与普通盗窃相同,但也有其他可供选择的要素。2.根据社会历史的解释和广泛的解释,夜间别墅盗窃可被视为具有《刑法》第363条第(1)款规定的加重处罚因素的盗窃
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Lambung Mangkurat Law Journal
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