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Psychological Reactance and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories During the Covid-19 Pandemic: Overview of the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) 新冠肺炎大流行期间阴谋论中的心理反应和信念:扩展并行过程模型(EPPM)综述
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.60212
B. Y. Adiwena, Monika Windriya Satyajati, Widawati Hapsari
Compliance with health protocols plays an important role in minimizing the spread of Covid-19. However, Indonesia is still facing a robust challenge including non-compliance to persuasive recommendations or messages (psychological reactance) and belief in conspiracy theories. Issues related to conspiracy theories and theories had obscured the message for the people to keep their behavior safe from the virus. The Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM) is a theory that explains how people would obey the messages they received, particularly health messages. Perception of threats and efficacy contribute significantly to the effectiveness of the message people received. In this article, we discussed four psychological conditions that possess the chance to affect society's threats and efficacy to comply with health protocols. These conditions were viewed from social, clinical, and industrial-organizational psychology perspectives. Four solutions to cope with non-compliance tendencies were also proposed. We suggest that these solutions should be applied to strengthen the tendency for people to obey health protocols.
遵守卫生协议在最大限度地减少新冠肺炎传播方面发挥着重要作用。然而,印度尼西亚仍然面临着严峻的挑战,包括不遵守有说服力的建议或信息(心理抗拒)以及相信阴谋论。与阴谋论和阴谋论有关的问题掩盖了人们保护自己行为免受病毒感染的信息。扩展并行过程模型(EPPM)是一种解释人们如何服从他们收到的信息,特别是健康信息的理论。对威胁和效能的感知对人们收到的信息的有效性有很大贡献。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了四种心理状况,它们有机会影响社会的威胁和遵守健康协议的效果。这些情况是从社会、临床和行业组织心理学的角度来看的。还提出了四种解决不遵守趋势的办法。我们建议应用这些解决方案来加强人们遵守健康协议的趋势。
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引用次数: 2
Maladaptive Cognitive Bias in the New Normal Period: An Analyses from a Behavioural Science Perspective in the Time of Covid-19 新常态时期的适应性认知偏差:新冠肺炎时期行为科学视角的分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.60763
Zafira Rahmania Nur Shabrina, Insan Rekso Adiwibowo, Nurul Aisya Beryllia
The limited number of effective medical interventions to combat Covid-19 to date has resulted in government institutions focusing on preventive behaviours believed to minimize virus transmission. The Indonesian government has launched a ‘new normal’ campaign whereby outdoor activities are restricted by various health protocols established by health authorities, such as wearing a mask, habitual hand washing and social distancing. However, these protocols have not been implemented with a thorough understanding of human behaviour. The result is numerous violations of the protocol, which subsequently lead to the persistence of Covid-19 cases in Indonesia. Behavioural science as an approach can provide important insights regarding the systematic errors of thought that contribute to non-compliance with Covid-19 health signs. This article will elaborate on the different types of systematic errors, known as cognitive biases, that plays a role in Covid-19 protocol compliance and suggest the corresponding solutions deemed most effective to overcome these obstacles. Understanding of the dynamics paired with the application of behaviourally informed strategies will hence contribute to the attempt to flatten the Covid-19 curve.
迄今为止,抗击Covid-19的有效医疗干预措施数量有限,导致政府机构将重点放在被认为可以最大限度地减少病毒传播的预防行为上。印度尼西亚政府发起了一项“新常态”运动,根据卫生当局制定的各种卫生规程,如戴口罩、习惯性洗手和保持社交距离,限制户外活动。然而,这些协议的实施并没有对人类行为有透彻的了解。其结果是许多违反议定书的行为,随后导致印度尼西亚持续出现Covid-19病例。作为一种方法,行为科学可以提供有关导致不遵守Covid-19健康体征的系统性思维错误的重要见解。本文将详细阐述不同类型的系统性错误,即认知偏差,在遵守Covid-19协议方面发挥作用,并提出被认为最有效的解决方案,以克服这些障碍。因此,对动态的理解与行为知情策略的应用将有助于使Covid-19曲线趋于平缓。
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引用次数: 0
Menembus Batas Pandemi Covid-19 melalui Telepsychology Breaking the Limits of the Covid-19 Pandemic through Telepsychology Menembus Batas Pandemi新冠肺炎melalui电视心理学通过电视心理学打破新冠肺炎大流行病的界限
Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.59542
Ardian Praptomojati
Pandemi Covid-19 telah menimbulkan dampak psikologis yang besar bagi masyarakat di berbagai belahan dunia. Hal ini diikuti dengan adanya krisis layanan kesehatan mental di berbagai wilayah sebagai akibat dari adanya pembatasan berskala besar untuk mencegahnya persebaran virus lebih jauh. Mempertimbangkan adanya keterbatasan-keterbatasan selama pandemi, telepsychology dipandang menjadi bentuk layanan yang mampu menembus batasan-batasan yang biasanya ditemukan dalam layanan kesehatan mental tatap muka. Di Indonesia, praktik telepsychology masih tergolong baru. Meskipun begitu, telepsychology telah banyak dikembangkan di banyak negara dan didukung oleh riset-riset terkait. Dalam menerapkan praktik telepsychology, tentunya perlu didasarkan pula pada panduan yang jelas sehingga dapat tercapai praktik layanan terbaik. Artikel ini akan mengulas berkembangnya telepsychology di masa pandemi, berbagai variasi bentuk telepsychology, panduan layanan telepsychology, dan kesiapan dan tantangan Indonesia dalam beradaptasi dengan layanan telepsychology. Melalui artikel ini diharapkan dapat membuka perspektif para pembaca mengenai praktik telepsychology, khususnya di masa pandemi Covid-19.
Covid-19大流行对世界各地的社会产生了巨大的心理影响。随后是一系列地区的心理健康危机,原因是大规模限制,以防止病毒进一步传播。考虑到大流行期间的限制,《心灵心理学》被认为是一种能够打破通常在面对面的精神健康服务中发现的限制的服务。在印度尼西亚,心灵心理学的实践是全新的。即便如此,《心灵心理学》在许多国家还是得到了广泛发展,并得到了相关研究的支持。运用心灵心理学的实践,当然也需要建立一个清晰的指南,以便实现最佳的服务实践。这篇文章将探讨大流行心理学的发展、各种形式的读心理学、《读心理学指南》,以及印尼适应《读心理学》服务的准备与挑战。这篇文章希望为读者打开对心灵心理学实践的视角,特别是在Covid-19大流行时期。
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引用次数: 1
Kecanduan Game Online pada Remaja: Dampak dan Pencegahannya 青少年沉迷网络游戏:影响和预防
Pub Date : 2019-12-05 DOI: 10.22146/buletinpsikologi.47402
Eryzal Novrialdy
The problem of online game addiction demands public attention. Currently, many studies tend to be focused on efforts to reduce the level. However, there are very limited researches centered on discussing efforts to prevent this occurrence. This paper aims to examine various alternatives, in order to prevent this form of addiction, especially in adolescent’s that tend to be the most affected age group. In addition, there have been reports on its impact on several aspects of life, including health, psychologically, academically, socially and financially. Therefore, there is a need for preventive approaches, due to the impacts that disrupt the life of adolescents, which this paper is expected to identify. Furthermore, future research ought to focus on in depth examination of other alternatives to prevent online game addiction.
网络游戏成瘾问题需要公众关注。目前,许多研究往往集中在降低水平的努力上。然而,集中讨论预防这种情况发生的努力的研究非常有限。本文旨在研究各种替代方案,以防止这种形式的成瘾,尤其是在青少年中,他们往往是受影响最严重的年龄组。此外,有报告称它对生活的几个方面产生了影响,包括健康、心理、学业、社会和经济。因此,有必要采取预防措施,因为这些影响会扰乱青少年的生活,这篇论文有望确定。此外,未来的研究应该集中在深入研究其他预防网络游戏成瘾的替代方案上。
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引用次数: 74
Inisiasi Ketangguhan Masyarakat dalam Mengatasi Adiksi NAPZA: Menelaah Program Rehabilitasi 启动公众参与应对NAPZA调整:运行康复计划
Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.45890
M. G. Adiyanti
The problem of drug abuse and addiction cannot yet be resolved completely even though many addicts have done rehabilitation. This paper aims to analize intervention programs for drug addicts and propose alternative programs that emphasize psychological aspects. This paper begins by interpreting the implementation of the Drug Rehabilitation Center Practice and relaps after the addict completes rehabilitation. An understanding of addiction is needed to provide an understanding of the mental state of addicts and the process of change that must be experienced during the rehabilitation process. The recovery process through the Rehabilitation Institution will be discussed, especially in achieving "clean and sober" conditions. At the end of the article an alternative of psychological growth program is presented as a complementary program with the exsisting TC program. Psychological growth programs are expected to have a contribution to overcome psychological problems that until now have not been addressed
尽管许多吸毒者已经康复,但吸毒成瘾问题仍然无法完全解决。本文旨在分析吸毒者的干预方案,并提出强调心理方面的替代方案。本文首先对戒毒康复中心实践的实施情况进行了解读,并在戒毒人员完成康复后进行了阐述。需要了解成瘾,以了解成瘾者的精神状态以及康复过程中必须经历的变化过程。将讨论通过康复机构的康复过程,特别是在实现“干净和清醒”的条件方面。在文章的最后,提出了一种心理成长计划的替代方案,作为对现有TC计划的补充。心理成长计划预计将有助于克服迄今为止尚未解决的心理问题
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引用次数: 2
Harga Diri dan Adiksi Internet: Tinjauan Meta-Analisis 互联网的骄傲和成瘾:元分析审查
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.40306
Wahyu Rahardjo
The aim of this meta-analysis study is to figure out the true correlation between self-esteem and internet addiction. This meta-analysis uses 159 studies from 40 scientific articles from the year of 2005-2018 and involved in 120.825 participants. Correction for the two artifacts studied in this meta-analysis first is sampling error, and the second one is measurement error. The results support the hypothesis and show some similar findings whereas the true correlations from the groups confirm previous researches that self-esteem has a negative correlation to internet addiction. The strongest correlation found in adolescence group followed by men and women, all participant, also students and college students groups. However, these findings show that the internet accommodates individuals with negative self-esteem to build online social relationships and fulfilling their communication and pleasure needs and makes them easier committed to deviant behavior such as internet addiction.
这项荟萃分析研究的目的是找出自尊和网络成瘾之间的真正相关性。这项荟萃分析使用了2005-2018年40篇科学论文中的159项研究,涉及120.825名参与者。修正本荟萃分析中研究的两个伪影,首先是抽样误差,其次是测量误差。研究结果支持了这一假设,并显示了一些类似的发现,而来自小组的真实相关性证实了之前的研究,即自尊与网络成瘾呈负相关。相关性最强的是青少年组,其次是男性和女性,所有参与者,还有学生和大学生组。然而,这些发现表明,互联网为负自尊的个体提供了建立在线社交关系和满足其交流和快乐需求的便利,并使他们更容易犯下网络成瘾等越轨行为。
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引用次数: 1
Mengembangkan Konsep dan Pengukuran Pengasuhan dalam Perspektif Kontekstual Budaya 在文化背景下发展教育概念和衡量
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.41079
Agnes Indar Etikawati, Juke R. Siregar, Hanna Widjaja, Ratna Jatnika
Beliefs and goals in parenting are influenced by the expectations of society or local culture. Therefore, the measurement of parenting should be developed from a contextual perspective. The development of the measurement conducted inductively which started with the phase of indigenous concept exploration. The participants are parents living in a particular area, having a local ethnic identity, using local language and customs in their daily lives. The method of data collection is an interview or focus group discussion (FGD), with questions that refer to the parenting element according to Darling & Steinberg. Two alternative data analysis can be done; to obtain the construct at the level of parenting practice or construct at the level of parenting style. The construct then is developed into an instrument by following the scale development guidelines in which includes item writing, content validation, scale administration, and psychometric evaluation.
养育子女的信念和目标受到社会或当地文化期望的影响。因此,对养育子女的衡量应该从上下文的角度来发展。测量的发展是从本土概念探索阶段开始的。参与者是居住在特定地区的父母,具有当地民族身份,在日常生活中使用当地语言和习俗。Darling&Steinberg表示,数据收集的方法是访谈或焦点小组讨论(FGD),问题涉及育儿因素。可以进行两种备选数据分析;获得育儿实践层面的建构或育儿风格层面的建构。然后,通过遵循量表开发指南,将该结构开发成一种工具,其中包括项目写作、内容验证、量表管理和心理测量评估。
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引用次数: 5
Do Re Mi: Psikologi, Musik, dan Budaya Do Re Mi:心理学、音乐与文化
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.37152
Rinanda Rizky Amalia Shaleha
Music has been a part of everyday human life since ancient times. Music can influence how humans feel, think, and behave. Scientific evidence also shows that there is a neurobiological basis of music. The universality of music makes everyone able to sense the emotional content in music. However, music is a product of culture so it can not be separated from cultural bias. Music is considered as a determinant of social identity. Furthermore, music influences social preferences in society. Music with certain types is considered as a marker of the group so that there is a stereotype in assessing a group. The benefits of music can be obtained in various settings such as in education and health setting. Future studies, it is necessary to review music from different perspectives such as culture, psychology, and neurobiology to be more comprehensive in order to explain the influences of music in human life.
自古以来,音乐就是人类日常生活的一部分。音乐可以影响人类的感受、思考和行为。科学证据还表明,音乐有神经生物学基础。音乐的普遍性使每个人都能感受到音乐中的情感内容。然而,音乐是文化的产物,所以它不能脱离文化偏见。音乐被认为是社会身份的决定因素。此外,音乐影响社会的社会偏好。具有特定类型的音乐被认为是一个群体的标志,因此在评估一个群体时存在刻板印象。音乐的好处可以在各种环境中获得,例如在教育和卫生环境中。未来的研究,有必要从文化、心理学、神经生物学等不同的角度来审视音乐,以更全面地解释音乐对人类生活的影响。
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引用次数: 10
Memahami dan Mencegah Perilaku Plagiarisme dalam Menulis Karya Ilmiah 了解并防止剽窃行为的科学著作
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.43058
M. A. Shadiqi
Plagiarism is a misconduct act and a scourge for science. Plagiarism perpetrators steal other author's work without citing the original references. Psychology is one of the most vulnerable sciences with plagiarism and must give more attention to this issue. Several types of plagiarism can be distinguished to the plagiarism motivation (intentional, unintentional, and inadvertent), how to do plagiarism (patchwriting, inappropriate paraphrasing, and summaries) and self-plagiarism (text recycling, redundant or duplicate publication, salami-slicing or data fragmentation). There are several reasons to do plagiarism, such as ease to get information via the internet, pressure on academic tasks, bad writing skill, hurry to write under pressure, lack of understanding how to rewrite the original reference, a misconception to understanding self-plagiarism, and habitual plagiarists. This article also presents steps to avoid plagiarism, such as avoiding "intellectual theft", doing good writing (citation and paraphrasing), and testing the similarity test (plagiarism detection service).
抄袭是一种不端行为,是科学的祸害。剽窃者在没有引用原始参考文献的情况下窃取其他作者的作品。心理学是最容易受到抄袭的学科之一,必须引起更多的重视。几种类型的抄袭可以区分为抄袭动机(有意的,无意的和无意的),如何抄袭(拼凑,不适当的释义和摘要)和自我抄袭(文本循环,冗余或重复发表,香肠切片或数据碎片)。抄袭的原因有很多,例如通过网络获取信息容易,学术任务压力大,写作技巧差,在压力下急于写作,不了解如何重写原始参考文献,对自我抄袭的理解存在误解,以及习惯性抄袭。本文还介绍了避免抄袭的步骤,例如避免“知识盗窃”,做好写作(引用和释义),以及测试相似度测试(抄袭检测服务)。
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引用次数: 15
Pola Pengalaman Depresi Perempuan yang Mengalami Kekerasan dalam Berpacaran: Kajian Perspektif Cognitive-Behavioural 女性在求爱过程中经历暴力抑郁的模式:认知透视研究
Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.22146/BULETINPSIKOLOGI.40450
Stefanus Perangin-Angin, Sutarto Wijono, Arianti Ina Restiani Hunga
This review aimed to investigate the suitability of therapy derived from Cognitive-Behavioural perspective to be applied as an intervention to treat depressive symptoms in women with dating violence experiences. As this will become a preliminary study to be conducted in Indonesia, a review literature method was employed to gather relevant and up-to-date materials on the topic. Firstly, the issue of dating violence and its urgency in Indonesia were described in the introduction section. In the discussion section, Cognitive-Behavioural perspective and the therapy derived from it, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) was described and elaborated in detail. In general, CBT approach was effective in reducing depressive symptoms in women with intimate partner violence (IPV) experiences. As dating violence also belonged to IPV cluster, it is expected that CBT would also become an effective treatment to treat depression in women with dating violence experiences.
这篇综述旨在调查从认知行为角度得出的治疗方法是否适合作为干预措施,用于治疗有约会暴力经历的女性的抑郁症状。由于这将成为一项在印度尼西亚进行的初步研究,因此采用了文献综述的方法来收集有关该主题的最新相关材料。首先,导言部分介绍了印度尼西亚的约会暴力问题及其紧迫性。在讨论部分,认知行为视角及其衍生的治疗,认知行为治疗(CBT)被详细描述和阐述。总的来说,CBT方法在减少有亲密伴侣暴力(IPV)经历的女性的抑郁症状方面是有效的。由于约会暴力也属于IPV集群,预计CBT也将成为治疗有约会暴力经历的女性抑郁症的有效治疗方法。
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引用次数: 1
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Buletin Psikologi
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