Pub Date : 2010-09-30DOI: 10.1109/MAES.2010.5592985
H. Forsberg
In this paper, we describe challenges and suggest solutions when upgrading military safety-critical hardware where RTCA/DO-254 never was applied but is required now and not only for application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), and complex commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) but for all hardware. Several challenges relate to modification to previously developed hardware resulting from hardware or technology enhancements, or procurement difficulties.
{"title":"Challenges in updating military safety-critical hardware","authors":"H. Forsberg","doi":"10.1109/MAES.2010.5592985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MAES.2010.5592985","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe challenges and suggest solutions when upgrading military safety-critical hardware where RTCA/DO-254 never was applied but is required now and not only for application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), and complex commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) but for all hardware. Several challenges relate to modification to previously developed hardware resulting from hardware or technology enhancements, or procurement difficulties.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347448
M. I. Jiménez, A. Izquierdo, J. J. Villacorta, L. del Val, M. Raboso
Inside the set of systems that constitute the avionics, the radar on board is one of the principal systems, both for the commercial and the military aircraft. For a few years ago, the technologies of electronic exploration arrays are used in the radar design, and specially, in the combat fighters, where the detection and tracking of multiple targets is a fundamental requirement. In this type of environments, it is required to use multifunction radar, MFAR (Multi-Function Array Radar), which joins inside the same system, and simultaneously, so much the classic functions of tracking and surveillance, as all the functions related to the communication, countermeasures, calibration, etc. Thus, the functions are implemented according to specific tasks. The principal ones are: surveillance, tracking, confirmation of false alarm, backscanning, reacquisition and communications plane-missile. Therefore, it is required to work with, specialized subsystems inside the radar. They are called task schedulers. The task scheduler is a key element of the radar, since it does the planning and distribution of energy and time resources to be shared and used by all tasks. This paper analyzes the features of the task schedulers based on tasks queues. Radar time is divided in time intervals that are called scheduling intervals. They allow realizing the task scheduling in a flexible and automatic way, planning individually each interval. Therefore, the task scheduler constitutes, for every scheduling interval, the corresponding queue or queues with the tasks planned to execute in that interval. Then, the tasks that are going to execute are selected from those tasks queues. Therefore, the scheduler includes and applies two scheduling policies: the policy for the constitution of the tasks queues, and the policy of scheduling, which is applied for planning every scheduling interval. Several schedulers have been designed and studied, and it has been made a comparative analysis of different performed schedulers. The tests and experiments have been done by means of system software simulation. Finally a suitable set of radar characteristics has been selected to evaluate the behavior of the task scheduler working.
{"title":"Analysis and design of multifunction radar task schedulers based on queue","authors":"M. I. Jiménez, A. Izquierdo, J. J. Villacorta, L. del Val, M. Raboso","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347448","url":null,"abstract":"Inside the set of systems that constitute the avionics, the radar on board is one of the principal systems, both for the commercial and the military aircraft. For a few years ago, the technologies of electronic exploration arrays are used in the radar design, and specially, in the combat fighters, where the detection and tracking of multiple targets is a fundamental requirement. In this type of environments, it is required to use multifunction radar, MFAR (Multi-Function Array Radar), which joins inside the same system, and simultaneously, so much the classic functions of tracking and surveillance, as all the functions related to the communication, countermeasures, calibration, etc. Thus, the functions are implemented according to specific tasks. The principal ones are: surveillance, tracking, confirmation of false alarm, backscanning, reacquisition and communications plane-missile. Therefore, it is required to work with, specialized subsystems inside the radar. They are called task schedulers. The task scheduler is a key element of the radar, since it does the planning and distribution of energy and time resources to be shared and used by all tasks. This paper analyzes the features of the task schedulers based on tasks queues. Radar time is divided in time intervals that are called scheduling intervals. They allow realizing the task scheduling in a flexible and automatic way, planning individually each interval. Therefore, the task scheduler constitutes, for every scheduling interval, the corresponding queue or queues with the tasks planned to execute in that interval. Then, the tasks that are going to execute are selected from those tasks queues. Therefore, the scheduler includes and applies two scheduling policies: the policy for the constitution of the tasks queues, and the policy of scheduling, which is applied for planning every scheduling interval. Several schedulers have been designed and studied, and it has been made a comparative analysis of different performed schedulers. The tests and experiments have been done by means of system software simulation. Finally a suitable set of radar characteristics has been selected to evaluate the behavior of the task scheduler working.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"434 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122821304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347496
Chao Zhang, Han Han
In order to efficiently make use of all the spectrum resource in VHF band for aeronautic communications, Non-Continuous OFDM (NC-OFDM) scheme in VHF, named as Non-Continuous Broadband VHF (NC-B-VHF) system, is designed and evaluated in this paper. Specifically, the structure of NC-B-VHF system is presented. The critical modules to implement the applicable system are discussed and exemplified. Meanwhile, the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is testified. Furthermore, the capacity of the NC-B-VHF system is compared with the VDL mode 2 and mode 3. About 2.7 times gain can be achieved by NC-B-VHF. The paper also predicts a drastically increasing of the capacity of NC-B-VHF if involves the structure of the cognitive radio, which makes the subcarriers dynamically adapt to the spectrum holes and the interference from the out-of-bands. Simulation results show that more than twice gain can be obtained in the capacity compared with the traditional B-VHF system.
{"title":"Broadband VHF communications VIA non-continuous OFDM","authors":"Chao Zhang, Han Han","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347496","url":null,"abstract":"In order to efficiently make use of all the spectrum resource in VHF band for aeronautic communications, Non-Continuous OFDM (NC-OFDM) scheme in VHF, named as Non-Continuous Broadband VHF (NC-B-VHF) system, is designed and evaluated in this paper. Specifically, the structure of NC-B-VHF system is presented. The critical modules to implement the applicable system are discussed and exemplified. Meanwhile, the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction is testified. Furthermore, the capacity of the NC-B-VHF system is compared with the VDL mode 2 and mode 3. About 2.7 times gain can be achieved by NC-B-VHF. The paper also predicts a drastically increasing of the capacity of NC-B-VHF if involves the structure of the cognitive radio, which makes the subcarriers dynamically adapt to the spectrum holes and the interference from the out-of-bands. Simulation results show that more than twice gain can be obtained in the capacity compared with the traditional B-VHF system.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122908829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347557
J. Besada, J. Portillo, G. de Miguel, Rafael de Andrea, J. M. Canino
This paper describes a pair of systems which can be used to obtain realistic traffic samples in a Sector/TMA from a given real traffic database. Those are a Traffic Analyzer and a Traffic Pattern Generator. These two systems allow the ATM engineer to both gain insight on the traffic structure of the area under analysis and to obtain statistically significant samples for the evaluation of operational concepts and procedure changes, perform analysis of ATM performance under traffic changes, …
{"title":"Traffic analysis and synthetic scenario generation for ATM operational concepts evaluation","authors":"J. Besada, J. Portillo, G. de Miguel, Rafael de Andrea, J. M. Canino","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347557","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a pair of systems which can be used to obtain realistic traffic samples in a Sector/TMA from a given real traffic database. Those are a Traffic Analyzer and a Traffic Pattern Generator. These two systems allow the ATM engineer to both gain insight on the traffic structure of the area under analysis and to obtain statistically significant samples for the evaluation of operational concepts and procedure changes, perform analysis of ATM performance under traffic changes, …","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121899343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347418
Chi Zhang, Xiang Wang, C. Bu, L. Wang, Huihui Ji, Tongsheng Xia
The rapid advances in embedded microprocessor technologies provide opportunities to promote digital avionic systems significantly. With the complexity and frequency increase, power consumption has quickly become a key design constraint in embedded microprocessor designs. The embedded processors in avionic systems must utilize energy efficiently, as their energy payload is restricted by battery factor and weight constraints in aircrafts. This paper proposed a new approaching using dynamic time slice turning with way prediction technology for achieving high performance and low energy consumption in set-associative cache. Among all the cache power saving approaches, prediction cache surpasses others for it reduces power dissipation along with negligible degradation of performance. However, way prediction cache depends heavily on locality principle of programs, especially for programs executed in embedded processor. Time turning way-prediction cache is introduced in this paper to self-adapt time slice turning, according to prediction misses and cache misses in execution interval. Since predictor consumes additional energy itself, dynamic time turning cache allow for proper reconfiguration actions; consequently, it cuts down unnecessary reconfiguration power dissipation. Simulators Sim-Panalyzer and Cacti are chose to estimate the power dissipations of the parameterized architectural components in implementing our dynamic time turning way prediction caches. This method avoids unnecessary reconfiguration actions by adapting program behavior much more intelligently; meanwhile, it keeps performance degradation in a very small scale. Suggested novel cache design in avionic embedded microprocessor satisfies low power and high performance requirement tendency in avionic electronics systems development.
{"title":"Dynamic time tuning for way prediction cache in low power embedded processors","authors":"Chi Zhang, Xiang Wang, C. Bu, L. Wang, Huihui Ji, Tongsheng Xia","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347418","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advances in embedded microprocessor technologies provide opportunities to promote digital avionic systems significantly. With the complexity and frequency increase, power consumption has quickly become a key design constraint in embedded microprocessor designs. The embedded processors in avionic systems must utilize energy efficiently, as their energy payload is restricted by battery factor and weight constraints in aircrafts. This paper proposed a new approaching using dynamic time slice turning with way prediction technology for achieving high performance and low energy consumption in set-associative cache. Among all the cache power saving approaches, prediction cache surpasses others for it reduces power dissipation along with negligible degradation of performance. However, way prediction cache depends heavily on locality principle of programs, especially for programs executed in embedded processor. Time turning way-prediction cache is introduced in this paper to self-adapt time slice turning, according to prediction misses and cache misses in execution interval. Since predictor consumes additional energy itself, dynamic time turning cache allow for proper reconfiguration actions; consequently, it cuts down unnecessary reconfiguration power dissipation. Simulators Sim-Panalyzer and Cacti are chose to estimate the power dissipations of the parameterized architectural components in implementing our dynamic time turning way prediction caches. This method avoids unnecessary reconfiguration actions by adapting program behavior much more intelligently; meanwhile, it keeps performance degradation in a very small scale. Suggested novel cache design in avionic embedded microprocessor satisfies low power and high performance requirement tendency in avionic electronics systems development.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129510923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347536
C. Lai, S. Zelinski
Methods for estimating constant and variable sector capacity based on an airspace complexity metric, simplified dynamic density, are proposed. Simplified dynamic density is a weighted sum of seven traffic components that contribute to airspace complexity. Constant and variable estimates of maximum sector capacity, based on projected flight tracks, are used to constrain the traffic demand in fast-time simulations. Delays and aircraft counts resulting from these methods are compared with those obtained using the capacities in the current system and based on the “5/3 of average sector flight time” rule. Results show that the simplified dynamic density based capacities produce lower system-wide delays and more throughputs, and indicate more predictable air traffic demands during the peak traffic period.
{"title":"Simplified dynamic density based capacity estimation","authors":"C. Lai, S. Zelinski","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347536","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for estimating constant and variable sector capacity based on an airspace complexity metric, simplified dynamic density, are proposed. Simplified dynamic density is a weighted sum of seven traffic components that contribute to airspace complexity. Constant and variable estimates of maximum sector capacity, based on projected flight tracks, are used to constrain the traffic demand in fast-time simulations. Delays and aircraft counts resulting from these methods are compared with those obtained using the capacities in the current system and based on the “5/3 of average sector flight time” rule. Results show that the simplified dynamic density based capacities produce lower system-wide delays and more throughputs, and indicate more predictable air traffic demands during the peak traffic period.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123906711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347450
H. Blair-Smith
The Space Shuttle control system (including the avionics suite) was developed during the 1970s to meet stringent survivability requirements that were then extraordinary but today may serve as a standard against which modern avionics can be measured. In 30 years of service, only two major malfunctions have occurred, both due to failures far beyond the reach of fault tolerance technology: the explosion of an external fuel tank, and the destruction of a launch-damaged wing by re-entry friction. The Space Shuttle is among the earliest systems (if not the earliest) designed to a “FO-FO-FS” criterion, meaning that it had to Fail (fully) Operational after any one failure, then Fail Operational after any second failure (even of the same kind of unit), then Fail Safe after most kinds of third failure. The computer system had to meet this criterion using a Redundant Set of 4 computers plus a backup of the same type, which was (ostensibly!) a COTS type. Quadruple redundancy was also employed in the hydraulic actuators for elevons and rudder. Sensors were installed with quadruple, triple, or dual redundancy. For still greater fault tolerance, these three redundancies (sensors, computers, actuators) were made independent of each other so that the reliability criterion applies to each category separately. The mission rule for Shuttle flights, as distinct from the design criterion, became “FO-FS,” so that a mission continues intact after any one failure, but is terminated with a safe return after any second failure of the same type. To avoid an unrecoverable flat spin during the most dynamic flight phases, the overall system had to continue safe operation within 400 msec of any failure, but the decision to shut down a computer had to be made by the crew. Among the interesting problems to be solved were “control slivering” and “sync holes.” The first flight test (Approach and Landing only) was the proof of the pudding: when a key wire harness solder joint was jarred loose by the Shuttle's being popped off the back of its 747 mother ship, one of the computers “went bananas” (actual quote from an IBM expert).
{"title":"Space shuttle fault tolerance: Analog and digital teamwork","authors":"H. Blair-Smith","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347450","url":null,"abstract":"The Space Shuttle control system (including the avionics suite) was developed during the 1970s to meet stringent survivability requirements that were then extraordinary but today may serve as a standard against which modern avionics can be measured. In 30 years of service, only two major malfunctions have occurred, both due to failures far beyond the reach of fault tolerance technology: the explosion of an external fuel tank, and the destruction of a launch-damaged wing by re-entry friction. The Space Shuttle is among the earliest systems (if not the earliest) designed to a “FO-FO-FS” criterion, meaning that it had to Fail (fully) Operational after any one failure, then Fail Operational after any second failure (even of the same kind of unit), then Fail Safe after most kinds of third failure. The computer system had to meet this criterion using a Redundant Set of 4 computers plus a backup of the same type, which was (ostensibly!) a COTS type. Quadruple redundancy was also employed in the hydraulic actuators for elevons and rudder. Sensors were installed with quadruple, triple, or dual redundancy. For still greater fault tolerance, these three redundancies (sensors, computers, actuators) were made independent of each other so that the reliability criterion applies to each category separately. The mission rule for Shuttle flights, as distinct from the design criterion, became “FO-FS,” so that a mission continues intact after any one failure, but is terminated with a safe return after any second failure of the same type. To avoid an unrecoverable flat spin during the most dynamic flight phases, the overall system had to continue safe operation within 400 msec of any failure, but the decision to shut down a computer had to be made by the crew. Among the interesting problems to be solved were “control slivering” and “sync holes.” The first flight test (Approach and Landing only) was the proof of the pudding: when a key wire harness solder joint was jarred loose by the Shuttle's being popped off the back of its 747 mother ship, one of the computers “went bananas” (actual quote from an IBM expert).","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116314640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347453
P. Lopresti, Stephen Pondelik, N. Ye, Smily Prathipaty, Sarah Spaunhorst, H. Refai
In order to track, acquire and maintain a free-space optical link between mobile platforms experiencing misalignment due to movement and atmospheric turbulence requires a different approach than traditional free-space optical transceivers. Recently, a fiber-bundle approach for beam steering at the transmitter was proposed and investigated that allowed tracking ot the receiver without the use of mechanical devices. A complimentary receiver using a collection of fibers behind an array of high power, small diameter lenses was found to allow lateral misalignments of up to 3 cm for a 1.2 cm array and up to 45 degrees of angular misalignment between the transmitter and receiver optical axes. This paper investigates methods for optimizing the receiver design, particularly in terms of maximizing throughput of the optical power to the electronic receiver. Theoretical and experimental analyses are used to examine two significant issues and suggest solutions. Maintaining alignment accuracy between the lens array and the collecting fibers is addressed by using a collimator array, thereby fixing each fiber to one lens, or specially constructed fiber array structures in a dedicated housing. A collimator array is preferable for ease of construction but presents trade-offs with respect to power collected and misalignment tolerance. Losses incurred when combining the signals from the many fiber elements is addressed using couplers, optical combining systems, and electronic summing. The advantages and difficulties of the methods are compared with regard to practical implementation.
{"title":"Experimental demonstration/analysis of fiber-bundle-based receiver performance","authors":"P. Lopresti, Stephen Pondelik, N. Ye, Smily Prathipaty, Sarah Spaunhorst, H. Refai","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347453","url":null,"abstract":"In order to track, acquire and maintain a free-space optical link between mobile platforms experiencing misalignment due to movement and atmospheric turbulence requires a different approach than traditional free-space optical transceivers. Recently, a fiber-bundle approach for beam steering at the transmitter was proposed and investigated that allowed tracking ot the receiver without the use of mechanical devices. A complimentary receiver using a collection of fibers behind an array of high power, small diameter lenses was found to allow lateral misalignments of up to 3 cm for a 1.2 cm array and up to 45 degrees of angular misalignment between the transmitter and receiver optical axes. This paper investigates methods for optimizing the receiver design, particularly in terms of maximizing throughput of the optical power to the electronic receiver. Theoretical and experimental analyses are used to examine two significant issues and suggest solutions. Maintaining alignment accuracy between the lens array and the collecting fibers is addressed by using a collimator array, thereby fixing each fiber to one lens, or specially constructed fiber array structures in a dedicated housing. A collimator array is preferable for ease of construction but presents trade-offs with respect to power collected and misalignment tolerance. Losses incurred when combining the signals from the many fiber elements is addressed using couplers, optical combining systems, and electronic summing. The advantages and difficulties of the methods are compared with regard to practical implementation.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"15 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114025951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347522
A. Kuenz, N. Peinecke
Today, 4D-Trajectory-Based Operations and international harmonization for global Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems are the main driving concept elements for the modernization of ATM. The availability of ground-based 4D trajectories leads to new possibilities allowing early conflict detection and efficient conflict avoidance. Nevertheless, efficient conflict detection becomes a big challenge when dealing with large amounts of detailed trajectories in a global environment. This paper proposes a new representation of 4D trajectories facilitating a high performance conflict detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm subdivides the initial envelope of all trajectories in smaller 4D tiles until each tile contains only one trajectory. If that is not possible before reaching a predefined minimum tile size, a conflict is detected. Since the algorithm's runtime is only marginally influenced by the scenario's complexity, this technique is particularly efficient for large scale scenarios.
{"title":"Tiling the world — Efficient 4D conflict detection for large scale scenarios","authors":"A. Kuenz, N. Peinecke","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347522","url":null,"abstract":"Today, 4D-Trajectory-Based Operations and international harmonization for global Air Traffic Management (ATM) systems are the main driving concept elements for the modernization of ATM. The availability of ground-based 4D trajectories leads to new possibilities allowing early conflict detection and efficient conflict avoidance. Nevertheless, efficient conflict detection becomes a big challenge when dealing with large amounts of detailed trajectories in a global environment. This paper proposes a new representation of 4D trajectories facilitating a high performance conflict detection algorithm. The proposed algorithm subdivides the initial envelope of all trajectories in smaller 4D tiles until each tile contains only one trajectory. If that is not possible before reaching a predefined minimum tile size, a conflict is detected. Since the algorithm's runtime is only marginally influenced by the scenario's complexity, this technique is particularly efficient for large scale scenarios.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126505164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-12-04DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347446
W. Rosen, F.J. Quiros
Field Programmable Gate Arrays are frequently used in avionics signal processing applications due to their potential for substantial processing speedup. FPGAs can be particularly valuable in DSP applications because these tend to be data flow type problems. However, many systems employ FPGAs that are older and offer lower performance and fewer resources, making them difficult to upgrade as more powerful and processing-intensive algorithms become available. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the process of translating all or part of a complex application to an FPGA is complicated, time-consuming, and prone to error, and the result often does not represent the optimum design in terms of performance, size, power consumption, and accuracy. As a result, a large, complex application may not fit on a legacy system or meet critical timing requirements. Commercially available automated design tools cannot guarantee that they represent the most optimal solution. In this paper we describe a new approach to automated FPGA hardware design that guarantees optimized hardware in terms of speed, power, area, or any combination of these characteristics while substantially decreasing design time. The approach also guarantees the correctness of the design in terms of the original algorithm, which may speed any required certification or recertification.
{"title":"A novel technique for upgrading the performance of FPGA-based legacy systems","authors":"W. Rosen, F.J. Quiros","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2009.5347446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2009.5347446","url":null,"abstract":"Field Programmable Gate Arrays are frequently used in avionics signal processing applications due to their potential for substantial processing speedup. FPGAs can be particularly valuable in DSP applications because these tend to be data flow type problems. However, many systems employ FPGAs that are older and offer lower performance and fewer resources, making them difficult to upgrade as more powerful and processing-intensive algorithms become available. This problem is exacerbated by the fact that the process of translating all or part of a complex application to an FPGA is complicated, time-consuming, and prone to error, and the result often does not represent the optimum design in terms of performance, size, power consumption, and accuracy. As a result, a large, complex application may not fit on a legacy system or meet critical timing requirements. Commercially available automated design tools cannot guarantee that they represent the most optimal solution. In this paper we describe a new approach to automated FPGA hardware design that guarantees optimized hardware in terms of speed, power, area, or any combination of these characteristics while substantially decreasing design time. The approach also guarantees the correctness of the design in terms of the original algorithm, which may speed any required certification or recertification.","PeriodicalId":313168,"journal":{"name":"2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125467629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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