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2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference最新文献

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3D conflict avoidance under uncertainties 不确定条件下的三维冲突避免
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347480
Maxime Gariel, E. Feron
This paper presents a 3D conflict avoidance algorithm in the presence of uncertainty. The objective of the algorithm is to ensure the safety of the airspace in the event of a failure in the communication, navigation or surveillance systems. The algorithm minimizes the number of maneuvers required to maintain the safety of the airspace under degraded conditions. Uncertainties are modeled as an increase in the required separation distance between aircraft. A single maneuver for each aircraft is chosen to maintain safe separation. Maneuvers include heading change, speed change and flight level change. Maneuvers are simple to execute and guarantee a conflict-free configuration after execution. Their feasibility is constrained by weather avoidance, sector boundaries and aircraft performance. A Mixed Integer Program is used to determine the set of maneuvers to be executed.
提出了一种存在不确定性的三维冲突避免算法。该算法的目标是在通信、导航或监视系统出现故障时确保空域的安全。该算法最大限度地减少了在退化条件下维持空域安全所需的机动次数。不确定性被建模为飞机间所需分离距离的增加。每架飞机选择一次机动以保持安全分离。机动包括改变航向、改变速度和改变飞行水平。操作执行起来很简单,并且在执行后保证了无冲突的配置。它们的可行性受到天气规避、扇区边界和飞机性能的限制。混合整数程序用于确定要执行的操作集。
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引用次数: 14
Possible enhancements of airport operations based on runway visual range visibility measurements 根据跑道视距能见度测量,可能改善机场运作
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347482
T. Seliga, D. Hazen, L. Salcedo
The widespread placement of Runway Visual Range (RVR) visibility sensors over an airport domain provides an opportunity to expand their utility to other airport applications. These include determining visibility and inferring equivalent liquid water content snowfall rates anywhere on the airport surface. The interpolation of extinction coefficient measurements is demonstrated at Denver International Airport (DEN) and Portland International Airport (PDX). The snowfall rate determination is demonstrated at DEN, using calibration of visibility sensor extinction coefficient measurements based on an equivalent snowfall water content gauge located nearby one of the RVR visibility sensors. The snowfall rate data are shown to be useful for tracking equivalent liquid water snowfall amounts that can accumulate on an aircraft during taxiing from a deicing station to a takeoff position on a runway. This tracking of snowfall impinging on an aircraft along its designated surface route should help ensure safer deicing decision making. Furthermore, ongoing evaluation of aircraft tracks for takeoff on different runways can provide controllers with options on runway selection to enhance capacity. The time portrayal of interpolated images of visibility at DEN and PDX demonstrates how visibility can differ significantly over an airport surface and how this visibility can drift in time. Similar to the snowfall application, the interpolated visibility along surface routes to and from runways can help controllers improve estimates of times required for safe transit of aircraft during taxiing.
跑道视距(RVR)可视性传感器在机场范围内的广泛部署为将其应用扩展到其他机场应用提供了机会。这些包括确定能见度和推断机场表面任何地方的等效液态水含量降雪率。在丹佛国际机场(DEN)和波特兰国际机场(PDX)对消光系数测量值的插值进行了演示。在DEN演示了降雪率的确定,使用基于RVR能见度传感器附近的等效降雪含水量计的能见度传感器消光系数测量的校准。降雪率数据对于跟踪飞机从除冰站滑行到跑道上的起飞位置期间可能累积的等效液态水降雪量是有用的。跟踪沿着指定的地面路线撞击飞机的降雪应该有助于确保更安全的除冰决策。此外,持续评估飞机在不同跑道上的起飞轨迹可以为管制员提供选择跑道的选择,以提高运力。DEN和PDX的能见度插值图像的时间描述说明了机场表面的能见度如何显著不同,以及这种能见度如何随时间漂移。与降雪应用程序类似,沿地面航线进出跑道的插值能见度可以帮助控制人员改进对飞机在滑行期间安全过境所需时间的估计。
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引用次数: 4
NextGen technologies for mid-term and far-term air traffic control operations 中期和长期空中交通管制操作的下一代技术
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347556
T. Prevot, San José
This paper describes technologies for mid-term and far-term air traffic control operations in the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). The technologies were developed and evaluated with human-in-the-loop simulations in the Airspace Operations Laboratory (AOL) at the NASA Ames Research Center. The simulations were funded by several research focus areas within NASA's Airspace Systems program and some were co-funded by the FAA's Air Traffic Organization for Planning, Research and Technology. Results indicate that advanced trajectory-based air traffic control automation at the controller workstation integrated with data com and moderate flight deck upgrades shows great promise to increase airspace capacity significantly in the mid-term and far-term.
本文介绍了下一代航空运输系统(NextGen)中长期空中交通管制操作的技术。这些技术是在美国宇航局艾姆斯研究中心的空域操作实验室(AOL)进行的人在环模拟中开发和评估的。这些模拟是由NASA空域系统计划的几个研究重点领域资助的,有些是由FAA空中交通规划、研究和技术组织共同资助的。结果表明,在管制工作站采用先进的基于轨迹的空中交通管制自动化,结合数据通信和适度的驾驶舱升级,在中长期内有望显著提高空域容量。
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引用次数: 19
The impact of ATC automation on a controller's visual attention 空中交通管制自动化对管制员视觉注意力的影响
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347467
Julian Sanchez, E. Zakrzewski
A decision support aid to assist controllers in merging Area Navigation (RNAV) flows was evaluated by the MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD). The goal of this effort was to gather objective performance data to quantify the benefits of an automation prototype on the demands of the Air Traffic Control (ATC) task. A dual-task methodology was used to assess the spare cognitive/perceptual resources of an experienced controller when managing traffic with and without the automation. Two implementations of the automation were evaluated, one where the controller communicated with the flight crew via voice and another via datalink. The results suggest that a dual-task methodology can help quantify the benefits of ATC automation in terms of assessing controller cognitive/perceptual resources.
MITRE公司的先进航空系统开发中心(CAASD)评估了一种辅助管制员合并区域导航(RNAV)流的决策支持辅助系统。这项工作的目标是收集客观的性能数据,以量化自动化原型对空中交通管制(ATC)任务需求的好处。采用双任务方法评估了有经验的管制员在有和没有自动化交通管理时的空闲认知/感知资源。评估了两种自动化实现,一种是管制员通过语音与机组人员通信,另一种是通过数据链。结果表明,在评估管制员认知/感知资源方面,双任务方法可以帮助量化ATC自动化的好处。
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引用次数: 2
Model-based adaptation of flight-critical systems 基于模型的飞行关键系统自适应
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347443
S. Ray, G. Karsai, K. Mcneill
In this paper we describe our experience applying the Producible Adaptive Model-based Software (PAMS) technology to the development of safety critical flight control software. PAMS is based on the state of the art Model Integrated Computing (MIC) environment from Vanderbilt University and represents a highly evolvable model-based software development methodology and tool suite that is revolutionary in its ability to address software adaptation. In particular, PAMS is an adaptation framework that introduces support for model transformations, co-evolution of models and modeling tools, and self-adaptation of systems. Analogous to delayed binding in compiler technology, PAMS enables binding software updates statically at design-time, on a configuration basis at load-time, and dynamically at run-time. The focus of this paper will be the application of PAMS to designtime evolution.
本文介绍了我们将基于可生产自适应模型的软件(PAMS)技术应用于安全关键型飞控软件开发的经验。PAMS基于范德比尔特大学最先进的模型集成计算(MIC)环境,代表了一种高度可进化的基于模型的软件开发方法和工具套件,在解决软件适应性方面具有革命性的能力。特别是,PAMS是一个适应框架,它引入了对模型转换、模型和建模工具的共同进化以及系统自适应的支持。与编译器技术中的延迟绑定类似,PAMS支持在设计时静态绑定软件更新,在加载时基于配置绑定软件更新,在运行时动态绑定软件更新。本文将重点讨论PAMS在设计时演化中的应用。
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引用次数: 6
Deriving sensible requirements for UAV sense-and-avoid systems 推导无人机感知与规避系统的合理需求
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347439
J. Simon, M. Braasch
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more prevalent in military applications and through the success of these applications, many commercial usages have been derived. However, due to the recent development of UAVs, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has not yet been able to develop performance requirements for the Detect, Sense, and Avoid (DSA) system of UAVs. For this reason, this study serves to explore the current capabilities of human general aviation (GA) pilots with regards to their see-and-avoid abilities. The midair collision rate over the past ten years and the average traffic around an average airport are also explored. With the analyzed data, a model is developed in order to extract the grounds for performance requirement for DSA systems. The determined DSA performance number can be used to further aid in the development of overall performance requirements for DSA systems.
无人驾驶飞行器(uav)在军事应用中变得越来越普遍,通过这些应用的成功,许多商业用途已经衍生出来。然而,由于无人机的最新发展,美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)尚未能够开发无人机的探测、感知和避免(DSA)系统的性能要求。因此,本研究旨在探讨人类通用航空(GA)飞行员目前的视避能力。研究了近十年来的空中碰撞率和平均机场周围的平均交通量。根据分析的数据,建立了一个模型,以提取DSA系统性能要求的依据。确定的DSA性能数字可用于进一步帮助开发DSA系统的总体性能需求。
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引用次数: 8
An agent oriented analysis and modeling of airborne capabilities for trajectory based operations 面向智能体的机载弹道作战能力分析与建模
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347430
J. M. Canino, L. Gómez, J. García, J. Besada, J. Casar
Current and future air traffic is requiring new procedures and systems to achieve a greater automation of air-traffic operations. Particular difficulty presents the automation of arrival air-traffic operations in terminal areas due to aircraft speeds and environment variability into a delimited airspace where multiple aircraft converge. Several projects have proposed guidelines to implement new operational concepts as well as airborne and ground systems to carry out corresponding procedures. Developing procedures and systems are closely related. Therefore, usually it requires to analyze and to design them in a combined manner. In this paper we present an agent-oriented analysis and modeling of airborne systems capabilities to perform automated arrival and approach procedures based on user preference trajectories. A detailed architecture model of airborne capabilities is achieved through a methodological analysis of an arrival traffic scenario within the trajectory based operations paradigm.
当前和未来的空中交通需要新的程序和系统来实现空中交通操作的更大程度的自动化。特别困难的是,由于飞机速度和多架飞机会聚的划定空域的环境变化,终点区到达空中交通操作的自动化。有几个项目提出了执行新业务概念的准则以及执行相应程序的机载和地面系统。开发程序和系统是密切相关的。因此,通常需要以组合的方式对它们进行分析和设计。在本文中,我们提出了基于用户偏好轨迹执行自动到达和接近程序的机载系统能力的面向代理的分析和建模。通过在基于轨迹的操作范例中对到达交通场景进行方方法论分析,实现了机载能力的详细架构模型。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of downlink aircraft parameters monitored by SSR mode S in ENRI ENRI中SSR模式监测的下行飞机参数分析
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347483
A. Senoguchi, T. Koga
In order to prepare for future deployment of SSR (Secondary Surveillance Radar) Mode S with DAPs (Downlink Aircraft Parameters) function in Japan, ENRI (Electronic Navigation Research Institute) has started research and development of new SSR Mode S. DAPs function enables ground station to obtain aircraft information such as selected altitude, rollangle, magnetic heading and so on. When DAPs function is employed as a means of ATC (Air Traffic Control), reliability of DAPs data is critically important. The purpose of this paper is to compare DAPs data with original FMS (Flight Management System) source data to validate radar system function and to test the reliability of DAPs data. This time, we picked up B737–800 and B747-400 and selected aircraft parameters in GICB (Ground Initiated Comm-B) 40, 50 and 60 as an analysis target of DAPs data. These are known as Mode S EHS (Enhanced Surveillance) which becomes mandatory in the part of Europe. In this paper, we first describe our experimental Mode S system with DAPs function. Then, DAPs data have been compared with the data stored in aircraft flight recorder. As a result, we presented that the values of DAPs agreed with those of airborne stored data except in a few parameters.
为了准备未来在日本部署具有DAPs(下行飞机参数)功能的SSR(二次监视雷达)模式S, ENRI(电子导航研究所)已经开始研发新的SSR模式S。DAPs功能使地面站能够获得选定高度、翻滚角、磁航向等飞机信息。当采用DAPs功能作为空中交通管制手段时,DAPs数据的可靠性至关重要。本文的目的是将DAPs数据与原始FMS (Flight Management System)源数据进行对比,验证雷达系统功能,检验DAPs数据的可靠性。本次选取B737-800和B747-400,选取GICB (Ground Initiated Comm-B) 40、50和60中的飞机参数作为DAPs数据的分析目标。这些被称为模式S EHS(增强监视),在欧洲部分地区是强制性的。在本文中,我们首先描述了我们的实验模式S系统与DAPs函数。然后,将DAPs数据与飞机飞行记录仪中存储的数据进行比较。结果表明,除个别参数外,DAPs值与机载存储数据基本一致。
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引用次数: 10
A probabilistic decision-making model for runway configuration planning under stochastic wind conditions 随机风条件下跑道配置规划的概率决策模型
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347528
Leihong Li, J. Clarke, H. C. Chien, Terran Melconian
Local meteorological conditions such as wind direction, cloud ceiling heights, and visibility directly influence the safety and efficiency of an airport. The safety and efficiency, generally contradictory, are associated with the selection of a particular runway configuration that is a part of job of airport tower controllers. When the wind speed and directions exceed the maximum allowable limit defined by the FAA operational procedures, controllers must change runway configurations. During this configuration change, the status of all arriving and departing aircrafts are turned into airborne or ground holding, respectively, until the new flight paths and the new taxi paths are clarified. This situation greatly influences the airport operational efficiency with its associated cost of delays, fuel burn and emissions. Despite its prominence, only a few studies that discuss the timing of decision-making for the configuration change can be found. In this study, an innovative decision-making approach is proposed for runway configuration planning under stochastic wind conditions. The goal of the decision-making approach is to maximize the airport throughput and minimize the airborne delay in terminal area, given a sequence of wind forecast data. The optimization techniques of dynamic programming and backwards induction are used to solve the probabilistic optimality equation. Based on the simulation results of JFK test case, the proposed approach is shown to reduce the average delay time and improve the throughput of runway systems without violating operational procedures.
当地的气象条件,如风向、云顶高度和能见度等,直接影响机场的安全和效率。安全与效率,通常是矛盾的,与选择特定的跑道配置有关,这是机场塔台管制员工作的一部分。当风速和风向超过FAA操作程序规定的最大允许限制时,管制员必须改变跑道配置。在此配置变更期间,所有到达和离开飞机的状态分别变为空中或地面等待,直到新的飞行路径和新的滑行路径明确为止。这种情况极大地影响了机场的运营效率,以及相关的延误、燃油消耗和排放成本。尽管它很突出,但只有少数研究讨论了配置变化的决策时机。本文提出了一种创新的随机风条件下跑道配置规划决策方法。该决策方法的目标是在给定一系列风预报数据的情况下,实现机场吞吐量最大化和终点区空中延误最小化。利用动态规划和逆向归纳法的优化技术求解概率最优性方程。基于JFK测试用例的仿真结果表明,该方法在不违反操作规程的情况下,减少了跑道系统的平均延误时间,提高了吞吐量。
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引用次数: 12
Distributed IMA software platforms using synchronized ARINC653 operating systems 采用同步ARINC653操作系统的分布式IMA软件平台
Pub Date : 2009-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/DASC.2009.5347561
M. Jakovljević
Not Available for Publication
无法出版
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference
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