Purpose: The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of income smoothing and CSR disclosure whether it affects market performance which is divided into 3 aspects, namely market response (CAR), market risk (SD), market value (MVE) in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. This study uses a basic theory, namely agency and signals are used to explain how the income smoothing company that makes CSR disclosures affects market performance.
{"title":"The effect of income smoothing and CSR disclosure on market performance","authors":"I. Meutia, D. Septiani, M. Adam","doi":"10.25103/IJBESAR.141.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/IJBESAR.141.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The main aim of the study was to determine the effect of income smoothing and CSR disclosure whether it affects market performance which is divided into 3 aspects, namely market response (CAR), market risk (SD), market value (MVE) in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. This study uses a basic theory, namely agency and signals are used to explain how the income smoothing company that makes CSR disclosures affects market performance.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"58-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imisi R. Aiyetan, Adeleke Gabriel Aremo, P. A. Olomola
Purpose: While the relationships between energy or electricity consumption and economic growth are of great interest to economists, previous studies have not examined the dynamic effect of electricity production on industrial and agricultural output growth in Nigeria; this study attempts to fill the gap. This study thus investigates the dynamic effects of electricity production from renewable and non-renewable energy sources on industrial and agricultural output growth in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: This study disentangled electricity production by source - into renewable and non-renewable - and employed a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) and other time series econometrics analysis. Findings: This study found that electricity production from both sources has a slight impact on the growth of the Nigerian industrial and agricultural sectors. In addition, this study supports the existing claim that economic growth and energy are linked and thus disproves the neo-classical assumption of the neutrality hypothesis. Research limitations/implications: This study considers annual data for all the variables due to the available data frequency for electricity production. However, the study assesses the validity of the estimated SVAR, and the results show that the analysis is robust for this study. Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing empirical literature by disentangling electricity production into renewable and non-renewable- and then examine their impacts on the crucial sectors of the Nigerian economy. This study shows that electricity production from the two energy sources contributes marginally to the growth of the industrial and agricultural sectors in Nigeria. Therefore, among other policy prescriptions, the author recommends that acceleration of projects that focus on off-grid electricity production under the Nigerian Energy Support Program (NESP) could minimize the current challenges of electricity production and its impact on the economy.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Electricity Production on Industrial and Agricultural Output Growth in Nigeria","authors":"Imisi R. Aiyetan, Adeleke Gabriel Aremo, P. A. Olomola","doi":"10.25103/IJBESAR.133.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/IJBESAR.133.07","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: While the relationships between energy or electricity consumption and economic growth are of great interest to economists, previous studies have not examined the dynamic effect of electricity production on industrial and agricultural output growth in Nigeria; this study attempts to fill the gap. This study thus investigates the dynamic effects of electricity production from renewable and non-renewable energy sources on industrial and agricultural output growth in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: This study disentangled electricity production by source - into renewable and non-renewable - and employed a Structural Vector Autoregressive (SVAR) and other time series econometrics analysis. Findings: This study found that electricity production from both sources has a slight impact on the growth of the Nigerian industrial and agricultural sectors. In addition, this study supports the existing claim that economic growth and energy are linked and thus disproves the neo-classical assumption of the neutrality hypothesis. Research limitations/implications: This study considers annual data for all the variables due to the available data frequency for electricity production. However, the study assesses the validity of the estimated SVAR, and the results show that the analysis is robust for this study. Originality/value: This study contributes to the existing empirical literature by disentangling electricity production into renewable and non-renewable- and then examine their impacts on the crucial sectors of the Nigerian economy. This study shows that electricity production from the two energy sources contributes marginally to the growth of the industrial and agricultural sectors in Nigeria. Therefore, among other policy prescriptions, the author recommends that acceleration of projects that focus on off-grid electricity production under the Nigerian Energy Support Program (NESP) could minimize the current challenges of electricity production and its impact on the economy.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"84-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of CEFTA on exports and economic growth and development of its members. Regionalism is attractive to states and especially to developing countries, since they enhance their reliability on reforms to foreign investors and they raise their bargaining power in multilateral level, since they negotiate as a unit and not individually, especially within the WTO, achieving goals which would not had been achieved if they had acted individually. The paper is based on the theoretical context of Regional Trade Agreements. More specifically, Free Trade Agreements widens trade in goods and services, raises exports and increases distribution of production. Moreover, FTAs affect state’s reliability for inward investments, since they guarantee the implementation of domestic reforms. In particular, compared to WTO, within an FTA less countries are involved therefore, it is easier for them to monitor a state and if this state deviates from its commitments then it will face direct retaliation from other regional partners. Consequently, its members are considered more reliable and they experience a boost in economic growth and volume of trade. Design/methodology/approach: Methodologically it is based on analyzing quantitative macroeconomic data and qualitative data that have been quantified through a comparative analysis among members states. More specifically, the analytical framework consists of additional variables concerning economic and political freedom as well as trade volume, growth, development and income, since that all are correlated with trade liberalization. Findings: In the case of CEFTA, intra-regional trade seems to be neglected since all CEFTA members prefer trading with the EU. This does not mean that CEFTA’s economies could be more competitive than the EU, however, there are is no increase in intra-regional trade volume and when there is, this concerns only few of the partners. In addition, indexes show that economic environment remains protected and state centric. The fact that an FTA such as CEFTA seems that does not have any impact on GDP growth but at the same time GDP per capita and HDI are increasing, might show that there are other variables which affect these indexes. another paradox is that these positive developments happen in highly corrupted, state-centric and protectionist members of a Free Trade Agreement. Research limitations/implications: FDI were not examined due to lack of data. Originality/value: Up to now, there are contradictory arguments in the literature regarding the effects of CEFTA on its members. More particularly, there are scholars who argue that CEFTA'S impact on exports and economic growth and development of its members is positive while others claim that this impact is either very limited or no existent at all. The current research aims to assess CEFTA’s impact on growth and development taking into consideration the domestic economic and political environment. I
{"title":"The Impact of CEFTA on Exports, Economic Growth and Development","authors":"Victoria Pistikou","doi":"10.25103/IJBESAR.133.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/IJBESAR.133.02","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of CEFTA on exports and economic growth and development of its members. Regionalism is attractive to states and especially to developing countries, since they enhance their reliability on reforms to foreign investors and they raise their bargaining power in multilateral level, since they negotiate as a unit and not individually, especially within the WTO, achieving goals which would not had been achieved if they had acted individually. The paper is based on the theoretical context of Regional Trade Agreements. More specifically, Free Trade Agreements widens trade in goods and services, raises exports and increases distribution of production. Moreover, FTAs affect state’s reliability for inward investments, since they guarantee the implementation of domestic reforms. In particular, compared to WTO, within an FTA less countries are involved therefore, it is easier for them to monitor a state and if this state deviates from its commitments then it will face direct retaliation from other regional partners. Consequently, its members are considered more reliable and they experience a boost in economic growth and volume of trade. Design/methodology/approach: Methodologically it is based on analyzing quantitative macroeconomic data and qualitative data that have been quantified through a comparative analysis among members states. More specifically, the analytical framework consists of additional variables concerning economic and political freedom as well as trade volume, growth, development and income, since that all are correlated with trade liberalization. Findings: In the case of CEFTA, intra-regional trade seems to be neglected since all CEFTA members prefer trading with the EU. This does not mean that CEFTA’s economies could be more competitive than the EU, however, there are is no increase in intra-regional trade volume and when there is, this concerns only few of the partners. In addition, indexes show that economic environment remains protected and state centric. The fact that an FTA such as CEFTA seems that does not have any impact on GDP growth but at the same time GDP per capita and HDI are increasing, might show that there are other variables which affect these indexes. another paradox is that these positive developments happen in highly corrupted, state-centric and protectionist members of a Free Trade Agreement. Research limitations/implications: FDI were not examined due to lack of data. Originality/value: Up to now, there are contradictory arguments in the literature regarding the effects of CEFTA on its members. More particularly, there are scholars who argue that CEFTA'S impact on exports and economic growth and development of its members is positive while others claim that this impact is either very limited or no existent at all. The current research aims to assess CEFTA’s impact on growth and development taking into consideration the domestic economic and political environment. I","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. G. Noula, Salomon Leroy Ghamsi Deffo, Mofow Neville Zoatsa
{"title":"Exploitation of Mineral Resources and Economic Growth in CEMAC: The Role of Institutions","authors":"A. G. Noula, Salomon Leroy Ghamsi Deffo, Mofow Neville Zoatsa","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.132.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.132.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This study aims to examine the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey for the quarterly data between 2003 and 2018. Besides, some policy implications are made to ensure the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey's economy. Design/methodology/approach: The dynamics related to the sustainability of the current account deficit is analysed within the framework of the "intertemporal budget constraint approach" developed by Husted (1992). The long-term dynamics are empirically investigated using the Johansen cointegration test. Econometric analysis is also expanded within the framework of the Vector Error Model to reveal the short-term dynamics. Findings: The results of Johansen cointegration analysis suggest that current account income and expenses are integrated with the cointegrating coefficient less than 1, implying that Turkey has a weak form of current account deficit sustainability. Findings of the Vector Error Correction model confirm the results of long-run analysis and indicates that the deviations from the long-term equilibrium are corrected at a rate of 78% every quarter term. Research limitations/implications: The "intertemporal budget constraint approach" developed by Husted (1992) focuses on the equilibrium between current account income and expenses to analyse the sustainability of the foreign balance. However, the sustainability of the foreign deficit is also closely related to what kind of capital inflows is used to finance the foreign deficit. Therefore, the implications made regarding the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey based on the Husted model should be accepted with some reservations. Originality/value: Since external imbalances are a key challenge for most of the developing countries to provide full integration into the world economy, many empirical studies are examining the current account sustainability. The majority of these studies focus on the long-run dynamics of the current account imbalances. Unlike most of the previous studies, this paper also focuses on the short-run dynamics of the current account balance. Thus, the difference of this study from other studies stems from the examination of the dynamics of current account sustainability not only in the long term but also in the short term.
{"title":"Sustainability of Current Account Deficit in Turkey","authors":"Ö. Karahan","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.132.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.132.05","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study aims to examine the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey for the quarterly data between 2003 and 2018. Besides, some policy implications are made to ensure the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey's economy. Design/methodology/approach: The dynamics related to the sustainability of the current account deficit is analysed within the framework of the \"intertemporal budget constraint approach\" developed by Husted (1992). The long-term dynamics are empirically investigated using the Johansen cointegration test. Econometric analysis is also expanded within the framework of the Vector Error Model to reveal the short-term dynamics. Findings: The results of Johansen cointegration analysis suggest that current account income and expenses are integrated with the cointegrating coefficient less than 1, implying that Turkey has a weak form of current account deficit sustainability. Findings of the Vector Error Correction model confirm the results of long-run analysis and indicates that the deviations from the long-term equilibrium are corrected at a rate of 78% every quarter term. Research limitations/implications: The \"intertemporal budget constraint approach\" developed by Husted (1992) focuses on the equilibrium between current account income and expenses to analyse the sustainability of the foreign balance. However, the sustainability of the foreign deficit is also closely related to what kind of capital inflows is used to finance the foreign deficit. Therefore, the implications made regarding the sustainability of the current account deficit in Turkey based on the Husted model should be accepted with some reservations. Originality/value: Since external imbalances are a key challenge for most of the developing countries to provide full integration into the world economy, many empirical studies are examining the current account sustainability. The majority of these studies focus on the long-run dynamics of the current account imbalances. Unlike most of the previous studies, this paper also focuses on the short-run dynamics of the current account balance. Thus, the difference of this study from other studies stems from the examination of the dynamics of current account sustainability not only in the long term but also in the short term.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of the Czech, the Hungarian, the Polish and the Slovak railway development strategies in light of the evolution of transport needs, travel habits, freight volumes, and regional business relations. By offering a general SWOT analysis through real-life examples, the paper shall contribute to the better understanding of railway development trends in the Visegrád states. Design/methodology/approach: The research’s scope is to identify the real motives and triggers of railway modernization and construction policies in the Visegrád Four countries (the Czech Republic – “Czechia”, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic – “Slovakia”). Through the quantitative research of international, national and corporate transport databases and surveys, as well as the analysis of EU strategies and V4 presidency programs, the paper concludes that the regional rail transport market has clear advantages with constantly growing traffic and every time more actively trading companies. Findings: The study found that the V4 railway integration is in major part powered by the EU’s development funds and communitarian regulations support the competitiveness of rail services in the region. However, the efficiency of train services ranks below the communitarian medium level in most of the V4 states. Therefore, if Visegrád countries wish to close up with their western neighbors, the frequency, the speed and the quality of train services must improve. Research limitations/implications: As this study provides a general insight to Visegrád railway development strategies from a market perspective, future researches might focus on the political motivations of such infrastructure projects. Further papers might also investigate the possible impacts of railway developments on the employment, cultural and business relations, travel habits, tourism, and environmental protection in the Visegrád area. Originality/value: By offering a general SWOT analysis through real-life examples (dated from these countries’ EU accession), the paper shall contribute to the better understanding of railway development trends in the Visegrád states. The research primarily focuses on the relationship, causal mechanisms, interactions, and dynamics between infrastructure investments and the concrete needs of the transport sectors of these states. The analysis has multiple levels including that of state actors, sub-state regional entities, railway undertakings, and transport corridors. In order to provide a global European view on the evolution of rail transportation, V4 statistical data is compared to European average numbers all through this study.
{"title":"Railway Development in Light of Market Needs: A SWOT Analysis of the Rail Transport Markets in the Visegrád Four Countries","authors":"Bálint L. Tóth","doi":"10.25103/IJBESAR.133.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/IJBESAR.133.03","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This paper intends to provide a comparative analysis of the Czech, the Hungarian, the Polish and the Slovak railway development strategies in light of the evolution of transport needs, travel habits, freight volumes, and regional business relations. By offering a general SWOT analysis through real-life examples, the paper shall contribute to the better understanding of railway development trends in the Visegrád states. Design/methodology/approach: The research’s scope is to identify the real motives and triggers of railway modernization and construction policies in the Visegrád Four countries (the Czech Republic – “Czechia”, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic – “Slovakia”). Through the quantitative research of international, national and corporate transport databases and surveys, as well as the analysis of EU strategies and V4 presidency programs, the paper concludes that the regional rail transport market has clear advantages with constantly growing traffic and every time more actively trading companies. Findings: The study found that the V4 railway integration is in major part powered by the EU’s development funds and communitarian regulations support the competitiveness of rail services in the region. However, the efficiency of train services ranks below the communitarian medium level in most of the V4 states. Therefore, if Visegrád countries wish to close up with their western neighbors, the frequency, the speed and the quality of train services must improve. Research limitations/implications: As this study provides a general insight to Visegrád railway development strategies from a market perspective, future researches might focus on the political motivations of such infrastructure projects. Further papers might also investigate the possible impacts of railway developments on the employment, cultural and business relations, travel habits, tourism, and environmental protection in the Visegrád area. Originality/value: By offering a general SWOT analysis through real-life examples (dated from these countries’ EU accession), the paper shall contribute to the better understanding of railway development trends in the Visegrád states. The research primarily focuses on the relationship, causal mechanisms, interactions, and dynamics between infrastructure investments and the concrete needs of the transport sectors of these states. The analysis has multiple levels including that of state actors, sub-state regional entities, railway undertakings, and transport corridors. In order to provide a global European view on the evolution of rail transportation, V4 statistical data is compared to European average numbers all through this study.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69298078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Development of Small Enterprises During and After Crisis: Comparative Analysis of Greece and Poland","authors":"S. Karafolas, M. Wozniak","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.132.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.132.03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Anastasiou, G. Anagnostou, G. Theodossiou, Vasileios Papamargaritis
Received 14 May 2020 Accepted 26 June 2020 Purpose: The economic crisis in Greece has caused widespread suffering both in society and the economy. Among other things, new forms of geographical mobilities emerged highlighting the country’s inability to retain a scientifically skilled workforce. One of the most important scientific branches been hit is the medical one. The purpose of this study is to identify the intention as well as the main factors that push young greek physicians to emigrate. Design/methodology/approach: For the present study, a tool for assessing young physicians' perceptions was designed and field research was performed on 239 medical school students and young physicians for up to 39 years. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to describe the data and generalize the results. Finally, Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis) was used to condense the initial variables and capture the determinants in physicians’ brain drain. Findings: Young physicians show high intention to seek employment abroad. There are differences between men and women regarding their perceptions of the possible causes of emigration. Women consider more than men that unemployment, employment prospects, and opportunities and quality of life to be the most important reasons in the migratory decision. In addition, the young doctors whose family incomes are either very low or quite high are more receptive to looking for work abroad. Finally, the multivariate analysis highlights four main determinants feeding physicians decision-making; homeland’s social identity, lack of prospects, unfavorable economic environment, and continuation of studies. Research limitations/implications: The period of the field research was conducted from September to November 2018. As a result, there are restrictions on whether participants' responses are affected by the economic crisis or not, as Greece in 2018 began to show macroeconomic stability. Originality/value: In the last decade, a large wave of young scientists’ emigration has been recorded in Greece. This wave intensified in 2012 and became permanent in the following years, taking on large-scale exodus, with high annual outflows. Brain Drain as an evolving phenomenon has been studied both by the national and international academic community. However, in the case of Greece, the research of perceptions, intentions, and the main reasons for brain drain by medical professionals is limited. The present study seeks to fill the gap found in the literature through field research about the determinants of physicians' brain drain in Greece. JEL Classifications J1, J21, J24, J6, O15
{"title":"Physicians' Brain Drain: Investigating the Determinants to Emigrate Through Empirical Evidence","authors":"E. Anastasiou, G. Anagnostou, G. Theodossiou, Vasileios Papamargaritis","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.132.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.132.07","url":null,"abstract":"Received 14 May 2020 Accepted 26 June 2020 Purpose: The economic crisis in Greece has caused widespread suffering both in society and the economy. Among other things, new forms of geographical mobilities emerged highlighting the country’s inability to retain a scientifically skilled workforce. One of the most important scientific branches been hit is the medical one. The purpose of this study is to identify the intention as well as the main factors that push young greek physicians to emigrate. Design/methodology/approach: For the present study, a tool for assessing young physicians' perceptions was designed and field research was performed on 239 medical school students and young physicians for up to 39 years. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to describe the data and generalize the results. Finally, Factor Analysis (Principal Component Analysis) was used to condense the initial variables and capture the determinants in physicians’ brain drain. Findings: Young physicians show high intention to seek employment abroad. There are differences between men and women regarding their perceptions of the possible causes of emigration. Women consider more than men that unemployment, employment prospects, and opportunities and quality of life to be the most important reasons in the migratory decision. In addition, the young doctors whose family incomes are either very low or quite high are more receptive to looking for work abroad. Finally, the multivariate analysis highlights four main determinants feeding physicians decision-making; homeland’s social identity, lack of prospects, unfavorable economic environment, and continuation of studies. Research limitations/implications: The period of the field research was conducted from September to November 2018. As a result, there are restrictions on whether participants' responses are affected by the economic crisis or not, as Greece in 2018 began to show macroeconomic stability. Originality/value: In the last decade, a large wave of young scientists’ emigration has been recorded in Greece. This wave intensified in 2012 and became permanent in the following years, taking on large-scale exodus, with high annual outflows. Brain Drain as an evolving phenomenon has been studied both by the national and international academic community. However, in the case of Greece, the research of perceptions, intentions, and the main reasons for brain drain by medical professionals is limited. The present study seeks to fill the gap found in the literature through field research about the determinants of physicians' brain drain in Greece. JEL Classifications J1, J21, J24, J6, O15","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"45 1","pages":"83-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This research aimed to analyse the effect of top management support, training and communication on the implementation of accrual accounting. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses of the study were tested using the survey data from 63 working unit in Cianjur Regency. The instrument for content and construct validity and reliability was tested. Then, the hypotheses were tested using Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) by SmartPLS 3.0. Finding: This study found that top management support and training have significant relationship with implementation of accrual accounting. Meanwhile, communication has no significant relationship with implementation of accrual accounting. Research limitations/implications: This study contributes to provide input into the adoption of Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 in order to apply the rule of accrual accounting to the fullest, and to minimize errors in financial reporting with the identification of possible obstacles faced in implementing accrual accounting. This study recommended that, more factors such as consultant support, education level and project management support are needed to complement and improve financial reporting with implementation of accrual accounting. Originality/value: To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no study of Cianjur Regency has tested the impact of factor such as top management support, training and communication on implementation of accrual accounting.
{"title":"Assessing Accrual Accounting Implementation in Cianjur Regency: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"Aditya Wira Dianto, Khoirul Aswar","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.131.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.131.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This research aimed to analyse the effect of top management support, training and communication on the implementation of accrual accounting. Design/methodology/approach: The hypotheses of the study were tested using the survey data from 63 working unit in Cianjur Regency. The instrument for content and construct validity and reliability was tested. Then, the hypotheses were tested using Structure Equation Modelling (SEM) by SmartPLS 3.0. Finding: This study found that top management support and training have significant relationship with implementation of accrual accounting. Meanwhile, communication has no significant relationship with implementation of accrual accounting. Research limitations/implications: This study contributes to provide input into the adoption of Government Regulation No. 71 of 2010 in order to apply the rule of accrual accounting to the fullest, and to minimize errors in financial reporting with the identification of possible obstacles faced in implementing accrual accounting. This study recommended that, more factors such as consultant support, education level and project management support are needed to complement and improve financial reporting with implementation of accrual accounting. Originality/value: To the best of the researcher's knowledge, no study of Cianjur Regency has tested the impact of factor such as top management support, training and communication on implementation of accrual accounting.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"7-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Radulescu, Cornelia Gabriela Cirstea, L. Belaşcu
Purpose: Some empirical findings of the role of foreign direct investment (FDIs) in a host country’s export performance was found by many researchers, since exports have been for a long time viewed as an engine of economic growth. But exports and imports are inter-correlated and some works proved that sometimes, the foreign-owned companies import more than they export in some economic sectors. The paper aims to establish the relation between total FDIs and the commercial balance (goods) and between FDI stocks in the manufacturing economic sectors and the commercial balance of manufactured goods in 11 Central and Eastern European countries during the crisis period and post-crisis period (2009-2018). We have tested the causality using Granger causality test to see if there is a uni-directional or bi-directional causality between those variables. We have tested for co-integration and we haven’t found a long-term relationship between those variables and we have applied the VAR technique. Our results have proved a bi-directional causality between FDI stock-exports-imports and a stronger impact of FDIs stock on the trade balance of manufactured goods than the impact of total FDI stock on the commercial balance of goods in CEE countries. Design/methodology/approach: Granger causality tests, cointegration test, VAR analysis. Finding: We have found no cointegration in the long-run between FDIs stocks and exports and imports in the CEE countries. We have found a bi-directional causality between those variables. We have found a stronger impact of FDIs stock on export and imports of manufactured goods than the impact of FDIs stock on total exports and imports in the CEE countries. Research limitations/implications: This research can be extended analysing a longer period of time and including more exogenous variables in the analysis such as labour productivity, labour cost and GDP growth. It can also be performed a panel analysis. The CEE countries should design adequate policies in order to attract more FDIs in the manufacturing sectors, given the strong impact of FDI stock for these sectors and given the large share of the manufactured goods of the total exports of the CEE countries. Originality/value: This research is important for CEE region because of the large share of the manufactured good of the total exports of these economies.
{"title":"FDIs and Commercial Balance in CEE Countries - Special Focus on the Manufacturing Economic Sectors. A VAR Analysis","authors":"M. Radulescu, Cornelia Gabriela Cirstea, L. Belaşcu","doi":"10.25103/ijbesar.132.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.132.01","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Some empirical findings of the role of foreign direct investment (FDIs) in a host country’s export performance was found by many researchers, since exports have been for a long time viewed as an engine of economic growth. But exports and imports are inter-correlated and some works proved that sometimes, the foreign-owned companies import more than they export in some economic sectors. The paper aims to establish the relation between total FDIs and the commercial balance (goods) and between FDI stocks in the manufacturing economic sectors and the commercial balance of manufactured goods in 11 Central and Eastern European countries during the crisis period and post-crisis period (2009-2018). We have tested the causality using Granger causality test to see if there is a uni-directional or bi-directional causality between those variables. We have tested for co-integration and we haven’t found a long-term relationship between those variables and we have applied the VAR technique. Our results have proved a bi-directional causality between FDI stock-exports-imports and a stronger impact of FDIs stock on the trade balance of manufactured goods than the impact of total FDI stock on the commercial balance of goods in CEE countries. Design/methodology/approach: Granger causality tests, cointegration test, VAR analysis. Finding: We have found no cointegration in the long-run between FDIs stocks and exports and imports in the CEE countries. We have found a bi-directional causality between those variables. We have found a stronger impact of FDIs stock on export and imports of manufactured goods than the impact of FDIs stock on total exports and imports in the CEE countries. Research limitations/implications: This research can be extended analysing a longer period of time and including more exogenous variables in the analysis such as labour productivity, labour cost and GDP growth. It can also be performed a panel analysis. The CEE countries should design adequate policies in order to attract more FDIs in the manufacturing sectors, given the strong impact of FDI stock for these sectors and given the large share of the manufactured goods of the total exports of the CEE countries. Originality/value: This research is important for CEE region because of the large share of the manufactured good of the total exports of these economies.","PeriodicalId":31341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"7-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69297507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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