Rdeči križ Slovenije (RKS) je vsa desetletja po drugi svetovni vojni deloval družbeno odgovorno, po mednarodnih načelih humanosti in solidarnosti in na vseh področjih, kjer je bila takojšnja pomoč nujna. Izhajal je iz pridobitev narodnoosvobodilnega boja in njegovih temeljnih načel, ki jih je organizacijsko prilagodil za potrebe povojne obnove. To je bila neposredna pomoč pri repatriaciji, z delovnimi brigadami ter z denarjem in materialnimi sredstvi (v času do ustanovitve STO tudi v conah A in B). RKS je pomagal pri sanaciji okolja in izgradnji infrastrukture pri civilnem prebivalstvu in za potrebe zagona gospodarstva. Podobno kot danes, je vsa leta do osamosvojitve RKS tvorno sodeloval in pomagal z zbiralnimi akcijami, v zdravstvu (krvodajalstvo, medicinski tečaji, preventivne in cepilne akcije), socialnem skrbstvu (pomoč ranljivim skupinam) in pri izobraževanju (mladi člani, prostovoljstvo, preventiva in prva pomoč). V sodelovanju s Civilno zaščito RKS ukrepa in pomaga ob naravnih in drugih nesrečah.
{"title":"Organizacijski ukrepi in naloge Rdečega križa Slovenije po drugi svetovni vojni","authors":"Darja Kerec","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Rdeči križ Slovenije (RKS) je vsa desetletja po drugi svetovni vojni deloval družbeno odgovorno, po mednarodnih načelih humanosti in solidarnosti in na vseh področjih, kjer je bila takojšnja pomoč nujna. Izhajal je iz pridobitev narodnoosvobodilnega boja in njegovih temeljnih načel, ki jih je organizacijsko prilagodil za potrebe povojne obnove. To je bila neposredna pomoč pri repatriaciji, z delovnimi brigadami ter z denarjem in materialnimi sredstvi (v času do ustanovitve STO tudi v conah A in B). RKS je pomagal pri sanaciji okolja in izgradnji infrastrukture pri civilnem prebivalstvu in za potrebe zagona gospodarstva. Podobno kot danes, je vsa leta do osamosvojitve RKS tvorno sodeloval in pomagal z zbiralnimi akcijami, v zdravstvu (krvodajalstvo, medicinski tečaji, preventivne in cepilne akcije), socialnem skrbstvu (pomoč ranljivim skupinam) in pri izobraževanju (mladi člani, prostovoljstvo, preventiva in prva pomoč). V sodelovanju s Civilno zaščito RKS ukrepa in pomaga ob naravnih in drugih nesrečah.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139311325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Besedilo raziskuje globalne izzive na področju oskrbe, s katerimi se je Uprava Združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo (UNRRA) soočala med in po drugi svetovni vojni, s posebnim poudarkom na Jugoslaviji in Balkanu. Obravnava dve glavni fazi oskrbnih operacij UNRRA, pri čemer izpostavlja težave pri nabavi, politiko »praznih polic« ZDA ter prizadevanja za ponovno zagotavljanje zalog. Besedila poudarja ključno vlogo UNRRA pri preprečevanju lakote, zagotavljanju pomoči. spodbujanju obnove kmetijstva v vojni prizadetih regijah ter trajnemu vplivu Unrrinih operacij na področju proizvodnje hrane.
{"title":"Globalni izziv lokalnega značaja: načrtovanje Unrrinega programa za hrano in kmetijsko obnovo na primeru Jugoslavije","authors":"Kornelija Ajlec","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"Besedilo raziskuje globalne izzive na področju oskrbe, s katerimi se je Uprava Združenih narodov za pomoč in obnovo (UNRRA) soočala med in po drugi svetovni vojni, s posebnim poudarkom na Jugoslaviji in Balkanu. Obravnava dve glavni fazi oskrbnih operacij UNRRA, pri čemer izpostavlja težave pri nabavi, politiko »praznih polic« ZDA ter prizadevanja za ponovno zagotavljanje zalog. Besedila poudarja ključno vlogo UNRRA pri preprečevanju lakote, zagotavljanju pomoči. spodbujanju obnove kmetijstva v vojni prizadetih regijah ter trajnemu vplivu Unrrinih operacij na področju proizvodnje hrane.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139310263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article deals with the development of economic cooperation in the socialist market between 1953 and 1968 from the perspective of the Czechoslovak economy. The period of Antonin Novotny at the helm of the Czechoslovak Communist Party has so far been a controversial one, as it has been characterized by both the efforts to reform Stalinist anachronisms and the initially low capacity to sustainably root these reforms in the fragile frozen ground of Cold War-era soil. The question is whether the gradually unfolding Khrushchev Thaw that accelerated its onset from the second half of the 1950s onwards made it possible to plant certain reforms and reap their fruits in the longer term. It is also necessary to raise the question of the nature of the key actors and obstacles in the process of reforming intra-bloc cooperation. In particular, the archives of the Czechoslovak industrial ministries located in Prague were consulted to research these issues.
{"title":"The Passing of Stalin Is Not the End, or the Unstoppable Integration of the Socialist Market","authors":"O. Fiser","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"This article deals with the development of economic cooperation in the socialist market between 1953 and 1968 from the perspective of the Czechoslovak economy. The period of Antonin Novotny at the helm of the Czechoslovak Communist Party has so far been a controversial one, as it has been characterized by both the efforts to reform Stalinist anachronisms and the initially low capacity to sustainably root these reforms in the fragile frozen ground of Cold War-era soil. The question is whether the gradually unfolding Khrushchev Thaw that accelerated its onset from the second half of the 1950s onwards made it possible to plant certain reforms and reap their fruits in the longer term. It is also necessary to raise the question of the nature of the key actors and obstacles in the process of reforming intra-bloc cooperation. In particular, the archives of the Czechoslovak industrial ministries located in Prague were consulted to research these issues.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130096656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of the Roma in Europe has often been marked by periods of persecution by state and local authorities. The aim of such a repressive policy was their assimilation into the majority population, and such a policy was based on a negative perception of Roma as hardened antisocials and criminals. The leaders of this policy among European countries were the German authorities, and this was especially pronounced with the coming to power of the Nazis, when the Roma were victims of German racial policy. Such a repressive policy towards the Roma had repercussions in Croatian areas in the interwar period. In the paper has been analyzes the position of Roma in the Sisak - Banovina area in the period between the two world wars as an example of an area where Roma were genocidally exterminated by the Ustasha authorities during the Second World War. Precisely such research is aimed at analyzing the historical context of the position of the Roma on the eve of the Second World War, and in order to contribute to the understanding of the extent of the war suffering of the Roma. Consequently, the analysis covered the issue of their spatial distribution and demographic characteristics of the Roma population, such as their ethnic (ethnic), religious, age and gender structure. The research analyzed the attitude of the authorities towards the Roma, as well as the attitude of the non-Roma (majority) population towards them, especially in cases of violence towards Roma.
{"title":"On the Eve of the Roma Genocide in Sisak - Banovina Area or from the History of the Roma In Sisak - Banovina Area, 1918–1941","authors":"Danijel Vojak","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the Roma in Europe has often been marked by periods of persecution by state and local authorities. The aim of such a repressive policy was their assimilation into the majority population, and such a policy was based on a negative perception of Roma as hardened antisocials and criminals. The leaders of this policy among European countries were the German authorities, and this was especially pronounced with the coming to power of the Nazis, when the Roma were victims of German racial policy. Such a repressive policy towards the Roma had repercussions in Croatian areas in the interwar period. In the paper has been analyzes the position of Roma in the Sisak - Banovina area in the period between the two world wars as an example of an area where Roma were genocidally exterminated by the Ustasha authorities during the Second World War. Precisely such research is aimed at analyzing the historical context of the position of the Roma on the eve of the Second World War, and in order to contribute to the understanding of the extent of the war suffering of the Roma. Consequently, the analysis covered the issue of their spatial distribution and demographic characteristics of the Roma population, such as their ethnic (ethnic), religious, age and gender structure. The research analyzed the attitude of the authorities towards the Roma, as well as the attitude of the non-Roma (majority) population towards them, especially in cases of violence towards Roma.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122293783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the following contribution, the author presents the complex development and evolution of the universally and modularly designed K67 Kiosk – the famous red booth by the Slovenian architect and industrial designer Saša Janez Mächtig – from its conception in the second half of the 1960s through its upgrades and specialisation in the 1970s to today’s modernisation as an interactive self-service multipurpose kiosk for the twenty-first century, the K21. The K67 Kiosk – a product of urban street industrial design architecture – was created under the influence of the architectural trends at the time and due to the growing needs of the city and the development of urban service activities. The miniature street architecture, which used to house newspaper, tobacco, and food shops, small workshops, flower shops, parking and ticket booths, information and tourist offices, gatehouses, etc., became a part of the general urban culture of the former Yugoslav territory, the urban space of former Eastern European socialist countries, the collective consciousness and memory, as well as a cult product.
在接下来的贡献中，作者介绍了K67亭的复杂发展和演变，K67亭是斯洛文尼亚建筑师和工业设计师Saša Janez Mächtig设计的著名红色亭，从20世纪60年代下半叶的概念，到20世纪70年代的升级和专业化，再到今天的现代化，成为21世纪的交互式自助多功能亭K21。K67 Kiosk是城市街道工业设计建筑的产物，是在当时建筑趋势的影响下，由于城市日益增长的需求和城市服务活动的发展而产生的。微型街道建筑，曾经容纳报纸、烟草和食品商店、小作坊、花店、停车和售票亭、信息和旅游办公室、门楼等，成为前南斯拉夫领土一般城市文化的一部分，前东欧社会主义国家的城市空间，集体意识和记忆的一部分，也是一种邪教产品。
{"title":"Urban Street Architecture, the K67 Kiosk: a Single Solution for All Problems","authors":"Marta Rendla","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"In the following contribution, the author presents the complex development and evolution of the universally and modularly designed K67 Kiosk – the famous red booth by the Slovenian architect and industrial designer Saša Janez Mächtig – from its conception in the second half of the 1960s through its upgrades and specialisation in the 1970s to today’s modernisation as an interactive self-service multipurpose kiosk for the twenty-first century, the K21. The K67 Kiosk – a product of urban street industrial design architecture – was created under the influence of the architectural trends at the time and due to the growing needs of the city and the development of urban service activities. The miniature street architecture, which used to house newspaper, tobacco, and food shops, small workshops, flower shops, parking and ticket booths, information and tourist offices, gatehouses, etc., became a part of the general urban culture of the former Yugoslav territory, the urban space of former Eastern European socialist countries, the collective consciousness and memory, as well as a cult product.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121719539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Članek analizira problematiko samomora na Slovenskem od prvih statističnih analiz, ki so zajele tudi slovenski prostor v drugi polovici 19. stoletja, do konca 60-ih let 20. stoletja, ko so statistični podatki in pritisk javnosti, ki se je ustvaril tudi zaradi napačnih in izkrivljenih interpretacij le-teh, takratno socialistično oblast spodbudili k aktivnemu reševanju problematike. Članek na podlagi statističnih podatkov in njihovih interpretacijah, poročil policije in Službe državne varnosti (SDV) ter časopisja prikaže diskurze oblasti, stroke in medijev. Članek prikaže dojemanje fenomena samomorilnosti v različnih delih družbe in različne interpretacije vzrokov za porast v stopnji samomorilnosti v vsakem od obravnavanih obdobji ter prikaže, kako so podatki o samomorilnosti postali sredstvo manipulacije in obračunavanja z nasprotniki in orodje za iskanje krivcev za domnevne stranpoti v družbi.
{"title":"Epidemija samomorov?","authors":"Meta Remec","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"Članek analizira problematiko samomora na Slovenskem od prvih statističnih analiz, ki so zajele tudi slovenski prostor v drugi polovici 19. stoletja, do konca 60-ih let 20. stoletja, ko so statistični podatki in pritisk javnosti, ki se je ustvaril tudi zaradi napačnih in izkrivljenih interpretacij le-teh, takratno socialistično oblast spodbudili k aktivnemu reševanju problematike. Članek na podlagi statističnih podatkov in njihovih interpretacijah, poročil policije in Službe državne varnosti (SDV) ter časopisja prikaže diskurze oblasti, stroke in medijev. Članek prikaže dojemanje fenomena samomorilnosti v različnih delih družbe in različne interpretacije vzrokov za porast v stopnji samomorilnosti v vsakem od obravnavanih obdobji ter prikaže, kako so podatki o samomorilnosti postali sredstvo manipulacije in obračunavanja z nasprotniki in orodje za iskanje krivcev za domnevne stranpoti v družbi.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116510786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V razpravi avtor analizira delovanje razmejitvene komisije na Štajerskem v letih 1920–23. Potem ko je senžermenska mirovna pogodba julija 1920 postala pravnomočna, je bila dva tedna kasneje v Parizu imenovana posebna mednarodna razmejitvena komisija, ki je imela nalogo, da na terenu definitivno določi mejo. V skladu s pogodbo je morala izdelati plan dela in določiti mejo, sporna območja pa markirati in definirati na terenu. Komisija je vodila, organizirala in koordinirala dela na meji, po potrebi pa obiskovala sporna območja in preverjala mejne točke.
{"title":"»Že v naprej je natančno preračunana vsaka možnost, kjer bi se dal v zadnjem hipu ujeti še kak košček slovenske zemlje.« Delovanje mednarodne razmejitvene komisije na Štajerskem v letih 1920–23","authors":"Filip Čuček","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"V razpravi avtor analizira delovanje razmejitvene komisije na Štajerskem v letih 1920–23. Potem ko je senžermenska mirovna pogodba julija 1920 postala pravnomočna, je bila dva tedna kasneje v Parizu imenovana posebna mednarodna razmejitvena komisija, ki je imela nalogo, da na terenu definitivno določi mejo. V skladu s pogodbo je morala izdelati plan dela in določiti mejo, sporna območja pa markirati in definirati na terenu. Komisija je vodila, organizirala in koordinirala dela na meji, po potrebi pa obiskovala sporna območja in preverjala mejne točke.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"20 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128998642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Članek skuša osvetliti vprašanje o oblikovanju diskurzov habsburške periferije v času okupacije in kasnejše aneksije Bosne in Hercegovine. Raziskovalno vprašanje se osredotoča na to, kako so slovensko govoreči prebivalci te periferije ob stiku z novo »kolonijo« dojemali in opisovali ljudi in situacijo, ki so jo našli v novi »bosanski periferiji«. Osrednji predmet zanimanja so posamezni akterji in njihova konkretna izkušnja, ki so jo izoblikovali ob, večinoma vojaškem ali poklicnem, stiku z Bosno in Hercegovino. Na podlagi različnih virov, ki so rezultat spominov in drugih opisov omenjenih akterjev, ter s pomočjo kulturnozgodovinskega pristopa, razumljenega predvsem kot specifično perspektivo na različne predmete preučevanja, avtor poskuša razbrati, kakšen oblastni diskurz se je razvil med letoma 1878 in 1918. Prispevek pokaže, da slovenska kultura ni bila samo nem objekt nemškega hegemonialnega diskurza in ne le kolaborant dunajskega centra, ampak je bila sama aktiven in samoiniciativen govoreč subjekt, še kako vpet v sočasne evropske oblastno-diskurzivne tokove.
{"title":"Oblike slovenskega oblastnega diskurza o Bosni in Hercegovini za časa Habsburške monarhije","authors":"Jaros Krivec","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Članek skuša osvetliti vprašanje o oblikovanju diskurzov habsburške periferije v času okupacije in kasnejše aneksije Bosne in Hercegovine. Raziskovalno vprašanje se osredotoča na to, kako so slovensko govoreči prebivalci te periferije ob stiku z novo »kolonijo« dojemali in opisovali ljudi in situacijo, ki so jo našli v novi »bosanski periferiji«. Osrednji predmet zanimanja so posamezni akterji in njihova konkretna izkušnja, ki so jo izoblikovali ob, večinoma vojaškem ali poklicnem, stiku z Bosno in Hercegovino. Na podlagi različnih virov, ki so rezultat spominov in drugih opisov omenjenih akterjev, ter s pomočjo kulturnozgodovinskega pristopa, razumljenega predvsem kot specifično perspektivo na različne predmete preučevanja, avtor poskuša razbrati, kakšen oblastni diskurz se je razvil med letoma 1878 in 1918. Prispevek pokaže, da slovenska kultura ni bila samo nem objekt nemškega hegemonialnega diskurza in ne le kolaborant dunajskega centra, ampak je bila sama aktiven in samoiniciativen govoreč subjekt, še kako vpet v sočasne evropske oblastno-diskurzivne tokove.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133597738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Materialna preskrbljenost sodi med temeljne pogoje človekove eksistence, zato lahko njena odsotnost povzroči številne težave, spremlja pa jo tudi družbena stigma, ki je bila v preteklosti močnejša kot danes. Težek položaj lahko pripelje do samomora. Na Slovenskem so bili samomori trgovcev in podjetnikov pojav, znan že v 19. stoletju, še več pa je bilo samomorov oseb, ki so se zgolj znašle v finančnih težavah ali ki so živele v revščini. Točna statistika o številu slovenskih samomorov zaradi ekonomskih vzrokov ni dosegljiva, tako da je osrednji vir za raziskavo tega vprašanja časopisje, ki pa je bilo pri poročanju o samomorih nenatančno, senzacionalistično in pri psihološkem opisovanju pokojnikov amatersko, sčasoma pa so postajali opisi samomorov in poškodb tudi vse nazornejši. V obdobju Avstro-Ogrske in Kraljevine SHS ter Kraljevine Jugoslavije je izbruhnilo nekaj gospodarskih afer, ki so se končale tudi s samomorom, o čemer je tisk obširno poročal. Samomori zaradi gospodarskih vzrokov so porasli zlasti v času neugodnih gospodarskih razmer, kot so kriza ob dunajskem borznem zlomu leta 1873, denarna kriza pred prvo svetovno vojno, deflacijska kriza sredi 20. let in velika gospodarska kriza v 30. letih.
{"title":"»Konkurzi, samomor, žalosten je pogled na trgovsko polje.« Gospodarski polom kot vzrok za samomor na Slovenskem pod Avstro-Ogrsko in prvo Jugoslavijo","authors":"Ivan Smiljanić","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Materialna preskrbljenost sodi med temeljne pogoje človekove eksistence, zato lahko njena odsotnost povzroči številne težave, spremlja pa jo tudi družbena stigma, ki je bila v preteklosti močnejša kot danes. Težek položaj lahko pripelje do samomora. Na Slovenskem so bili samomori trgovcev in podjetnikov pojav, znan že v 19. stoletju, še več pa je bilo samomorov oseb, ki so se zgolj znašle v finančnih težavah ali ki so živele v revščini. Točna statistika o številu slovenskih samomorov zaradi ekonomskih vzrokov ni dosegljiva, tako da je osrednji vir za raziskavo tega vprašanja časopisje, ki pa je bilo pri poročanju o samomorih nenatančno, senzacionalistično in pri psihološkem opisovanju pokojnikov amatersko, sčasoma pa so postajali opisi samomorov in poškodb tudi vse nazornejši. V obdobju Avstro-Ogrske in Kraljevine SHS ter Kraljevine Jugoslavije je izbruhnilo nekaj gospodarskih afer, ki so se končale tudi s samomorom, o čemer je tisk obširno poročal. Samomori zaradi gospodarskih vzrokov so porasli zlasti v času neugodnih gospodarskih razmer, kot so kriza ob dunajskem borznem zlomu leta 1873, denarna kriza pred prvo svetovno vojno, deflacijska kriza sredi 20. let in velika gospodarska kriza v 30. letih.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127316365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Na osnovi razprav banskega sveta in konferenčnih zapisnikov Zavoda za slepe otroke in mladino v Kočevju avtorici v prispevku odstirata težave zavoda, ki so bile pogojene predvsem s pomanjkanjem financ. Ugotavljata, da zaradi ene največjih težav – neustreznih nastanitvenih kapacitet oziroma pomanjkanja vitalnega prostora za bivanje in delo – zavod v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja ni imel možnosti, da bi v celoti in povsem ustrezno zajel vzgojno-izobraževalni proces.
{"title":"Reševanje prostorskega vprašanja Zavoda za slepe otroke in mladino v Kočevju","authors":"Mojca Šorn, Dunja Dobaja","doi":"10.51663/pnz.63.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51663/pnz.63.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Na osnovi razprav banskega sveta in konferenčnih zapisnikov Zavoda za slepe otroke in mladino v Kočevju avtorici v prispevku odstirata težave zavoda, ki so bile pogojene predvsem s pomanjkanjem financ. Ugotavljata, da zaradi ene največjih težav – neustreznih nastanitvenih kapacitet oziroma pomanjkanja vitalnega prostora za bivanje in delo – zavod v tridesetih letih 20. stoletja ni imel možnosti, da bi v celoti in povsem ustrezno zajel vzgojno-izobraževalni proces.","PeriodicalId":315758,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Contemporary History","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114839635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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