In Indonesia tidal land is very wide and quite potential for sweet potatoes, but an obstacle for this cultivation is sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) causes loss of 100%. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticide Be-Bas contains Beauveria bassiana entomopathogenic conidia to C. formicarius mortality at tidal lands. This study was conducted on June-November 2016 in South Kalimantan. The research consisted of five treatments and five replications. Results showed that the application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole and stem base was effective to cause mortality of 17 and 15 larvae per tuber, respectively. However, the application by soaking cutting was able to kill 3 larvae per tuber. The application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole and stem base were also effective to suppress the number of eggs laid by C. formicarius in the tuber, hence there was no damage found on the tuber. Meanwhile, the application of conventional insecticide was less effective because a total of 17 eggs and 3 larvae of C. formicarius were still found in each tuber. It caused tuber damage up to 17%, thus the tuber cannot be consumed. Therefore, the application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole or stem base was considered capable to suppress tubers damage caused by C. formicarius better than that of conventional insecticide.
{"title":"Efficacy of Biopesticide Be-Bas against Sweet Potato Weevils (Cylas formicarius Fabricius) in Tidal Land","authors":"Y. Prayogo, M. S. Y. I. Bayu","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.32752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.32752","url":null,"abstract":"In Indonesia tidal land is very wide and quite potential for sweet potatoes, but an obstacle for this cultivation is sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius) causes loss of 100%. This research aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biopesticide Be-Bas contains Beauveria bassiana entomopathogenic conidia to C. formicarius mortality at tidal lands. This study was conducted on June-November 2016 in South Kalimantan. The research consisted of five treatments and five replications. Results showed that the application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole and stem base was effective to cause mortality of 17 and 15 larvae per tuber, respectively. However, the application by soaking cutting was able to kill 3 larvae per tuber. The application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole and stem base were also effective to suppress the number of eggs laid by C. formicarius in the tuber, hence there was no damage found on the tuber. Meanwhile, the application of conventional insecticide was less effective because a total of 17 eggs and 3 larvae of C. formicarius were still found in each tuber. It caused tuber damage up to 17%, thus the tuber cannot be consumed. Therefore, the application of biopesticide Be-Bas in the planting hole or stem base was considered capable to suppress tubers damage caused by C. formicarius better than that of conventional insecticide.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. G. Sinulingga, Y. Trisyono, E. Martono, B. Hadi
Outbreaks of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., tend to increase in 2017. There has been significant interest to reduce reliance on pesticides by manipulating habitat plant species and communities to benefit natural enemies of insect. Flowering plants as refuge can contribute in enhancing the ecosystem services. This study aimed to assess the benefit of flowering plants as refuge to improve the role of egg parasitoids of brown planthopper. We sampled three rice fields: rice field adjacent to refuge, far from refuge, and rice field with no refuge using trapping procedure. We found two genera of parasitoid in Banyumas: Oligosita and Anagrus. The parasitism in the three rice fields was 46.14, 43.05 and 42.32%, respectively, showing no differences. However, the number of parasitoids emerged from the traps placed in the rice field with refuge was higher (31.08 adults/trap) than the other two rice fields (25.67 and 20.71 adults/trap). In addition, the number of unhatched parasitoids was lower in the rice with refuge (5.9%) compared to no refuge (14.54%). These findings show that the refuge provides better environments for the parasitoid by improving the number of progeny produced which eventually could increase their role in managing N. lugens population.
{"title":"Benefits of Flowering Plant as Refuge to Improve the Ecosystems Services by Egg Parasitoids of the Rice Brown Planthopper","authors":"N. G. Sinulingga, Y. Trisyono, E. Martono, B. Hadi","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.28536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.28536","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreaks of the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal., tend to increase in 2017. There has been significant interest to reduce reliance on pesticides by manipulating habitat plant species and communities to benefit natural enemies of insect. Flowering plants as refuge can contribute in enhancing the ecosystem services. This study aimed to assess the benefit of flowering plants as refuge to improve the role of egg parasitoids of brown planthopper. We sampled three rice fields: rice field adjacent to refuge, far from refuge, and rice field with no refuge using trapping procedure. We found two genera of parasitoid in Banyumas: Oligosita and Anagrus. The parasitism in the three rice fields was 46.14, 43.05 and 42.32%, respectively, showing no differences. However, the number of parasitoids emerged from the traps placed in the rice field with refuge was higher (31.08 adults/trap) than the other two rice fields (25.67 and 20.71 adults/trap). In addition, the number of unhatched parasitoids was lower in the rice with refuge (5.9%) compared to no refuge (14.54%). These findings show that the refuge provides better environments for the parasitoid by improving the number of progeny produced which eventually could increase their role in managing N. lugens population.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47547193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agarwood is one of the non-timber forest products that have high economic value. Agarwood is widely used to make incense, perfume and other products. Sapwood on agarwood is a group of secondary metabolites of agarwood plants that form a lump and have a certain color and aroma. The fragrant aroma of sapwood on agarwood is formed due to pathogenic infection of the agarwood tree. Until now, most studies of fungi forming sapwood are only oriented to virulent pathogenic fungi in nature and have never been reported to form hypovirulent agarwood. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fungi originating from sapwood on agarwood especially those that are hypovirulent in inducing sesquiterpene compounds. This study included exploration, isolation, identification, and induction of fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood from four districts in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Hypovirulence test in cucumber sprouts and sesquiterpene induction test on agarwood plantlets was conducted in the laboratory. Based on the isolation results, 48 fungal isolates associated with sapwood on agarwood were found: fungi of genus Fusarium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Peniophora, and six isolates were unidentified. Based on the hypovirulence test on cucumber sprouts, 46 isolates of the fungus 46 isolates were virulent and 2 isolates were hypovirulent (isolates 4A and 17A). The induction of sesquiterpene compounds on the agarwood plant was employed using 5 sample isolates consisting of 4 virulent isolates (2A, 7A, 18A, and 25A) and 1 hypovirulent isolate (Isolate 4A). The results showed that hypovirulent isolates were able to produce sesquiterpenes even in small amounts compared with virulent isolates. Isolates produced many sesquiterpene compounds were isolates 18A (Fusarium sp.). Sesquiterpene compounds formed were pinene, terpineol, patchouli alcohol, trimethyl-naphthalene, beta-caryophyllene, camphor, eugenol, trimethyl- benzene, phenanthrene, citronella, eucalyptol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. In this study also found fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood which had never been reported by previous researchers, Peniophora sp. (isolate 25A).
{"title":"Isolation, Identification and the Abilities of Fungi Associated with Agarwood from Bangka Belitung Island to Induce Agarwood Compounds","authors":"H. Hartono, A. Wibowo, A. Priyatmojo","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.31623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.31623","url":null,"abstract":"Agarwood is one of the non-timber forest products that have high economic value. Agarwood is widely used to make incense, perfume and other products. Sapwood on agarwood is a group of secondary metabolites of agarwood plants that form a lump and have a certain color and aroma. The fragrant aroma of sapwood on agarwood is formed due to pathogenic infection of the agarwood tree. Until now, most studies of fungi forming sapwood are only oriented to virulent pathogenic fungi in nature and have never been reported to form hypovirulent agarwood. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of fungi originating from sapwood on agarwood especially those that are hypovirulent in inducing sesquiterpene compounds. This study included exploration, isolation, identification, and induction of fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood from four districts in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. Hypovirulence test in cucumber sprouts and sesquiterpene induction test on agarwood plantlets was conducted in the laboratory. Based on the isolation results, 48 fungal isolates associated with sapwood on agarwood were found: fungi of genus Fusarium, Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Curvularia, Peniophora, and six isolates were unidentified. Based on the hypovirulence test on cucumber sprouts, 46 isolates of the fungus 46 isolates were virulent and 2 isolates were hypovirulent (isolates 4A and 17A). The induction of sesquiterpene compounds on the agarwood plant was employed using 5 sample isolates consisting of 4 virulent isolates (2A, 7A, 18A, and 25A) and 1 hypovirulent isolate (Isolate 4A). The results showed that hypovirulent isolates were able to produce sesquiterpenes even in small amounts compared with virulent isolates. Isolates produced many sesquiterpene compounds were isolates 18A (Fusarium sp.). Sesquiterpene compounds formed were pinene, terpineol, patchouli alcohol, trimethyl-naphthalene, beta-caryophyllene, camphor, eugenol, trimethyl- benzene, phenanthrene, citronella, eucalyptol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone. In this study also found fungi associated with sapwood on agarwood which had never been reported by previous researchers, Peniophora sp. (isolate 25A).","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45830152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal, D. Buchori, A. Rizali, A. Sari, Pudjianto Pudjianto
Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.
{"title":"Parasitoid Diversity and Host-Parasitoid Interaction in Oil Palm Plantations with Different Management System","authors":"Muhammad Iqbal Tawakkal, D. Buchori, A. Rizali, A. Sari, Pudjianto Pudjianto","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.31232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.31232","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitoids play an important role in controlling pests, including pests of oil palm. To maximize biological control technique using parasitoids, interactions between pests and parasitoids need to be studied. This research aimed to study parasitoid diversity and host-parasitoid interaction in oil palm plantation with the different management system. The field research was conducted in oil palm plantation own by smallholder and company (PT Humusindo) in Jambi. Sampling insects was conducted by collecting pests (parasitoid host) on oil palm trees with age of four years old. Eggs, larvae, and pupae of the pests were taken directly by hand then reared in the laboratory to know their parasitoids. Pests and parasitoids emerged were identified up to morphospecies or species level. A total of 176 lepidopteran pests consisting of 15 morphospecies and 6 families, and 650 parasitoids consisting of 21 morphospecies and 12 families have been collected. Nine morphospecies of pests from 25 individuals were found in smallholder plantation and 14 morphospecies of pests from 151 individuals in company plantation. Eight morphospecies of 26 parasitoids were found in smallholder plantations and 8 morphospecies of 624 parasitoids in the company plantation. The interaction structure between pests and parasitoids is more complex in the company plantation than in smallholder plantations. Family Braconidae and Ichneumonidae are the most parasitoids found and associated with nettle caterpillars. The different of the management system of oil palm plantation did not affect the diversity and abundance of pests as well as their parasitoids in oil palm plantations.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen causes wilting which is a major obstacle in the cultivation of tomato plants. In plant breeding, knowledge of the source of resistance genes and inheritance patterns is important in the development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties. This study aimed to obtain bacterial wilt resistant lines and to find out the inheritance pattern of tomato resistance to bacterial wilt. Selection of resistant plant involved the selected breeding lines from irradiation and crossing collections of the Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Introduced lines of H-7996 and F1 Permata and Timoti were used as a control. H-7996 as resistant parents and GM2 as susceptible parents, and their offspring include F1 GM2 x H-7996, F1 reciprocal, F2, Back Cross 1 (F1 x GM2), and Back Cross 2 (F1 x H-7996) used in testing inheritance patterns. Inoculation was carried out 1 week after planting by pouring 100 ml of water suspension of R. solanacarum (108 cfu/ml) on the roots. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. The scoring observation was carried out every week for one month. This study showed that Permata as a control was the most resistant, while Timoti and H-7996 were medium resistant. The CLN, G6, G8, and G7 lines were susceptible medium, yet only G8 and G7 with the smallest percentage of disease intensity and not significantly different than Timoti. The resistance gene to bacterial wilt on H-7996 was controlled by genes in the cell nucleus with additive-dominant gene action. Resistance to bacteria has a moderate level of heritability.
{"title":"Selection and Inheritance of Tomato Resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum","authors":"Isna Maulida, R. H. Murti, T. Arwiyanto","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.35464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.35464","url":null,"abstract":"Ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen causes wilting which is a major obstacle in the cultivation of tomato plants. In plant breeding, knowledge of the source of resistance genes and inheritance patterns is important in the development of bacterial wilt resistant varieties. This study aimed to obtain bacterial wilt resistant lines and to find out the inheritance pattern of tomato resistance to bacterial wilt. Selection of resistant plant involved the selected breeding lines from irradiation and crossing collections of the Genetic Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Introduced lines of H-7996 and F1 Permata and Timoti were used as a control. H-7996 as resistant parents and GM2 as susceptible parents, and their offspring include F1 GM2 x H-7996, F1 reciprocal, F2, Back Cross 1 (F1 x GM2), and Back Cross 2 (F1 x H-7996) used in testing inheritance patterns. Inoculation was carried out 1 week after planting by pouring 100 ml of water suspension of R. solanacarum (108 cfu/ml) on the roots. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. The scoring observation was carried out every week for one month. This study showed that Permata as a control was the most resistant, while Timoti and H-7996 were medium resistant. The CLN, G6, G8, and G7 lines were susceptible medium, yet only G8 and G7 with the smallest percentage of disease intensity and not significantly different than Timoti. The resistance gene to bacterial wilt on H-7996 was controlled by genes in the cell nucleus with additive-dominant gene action. Resistance to bacteria has a moderate level of heritability.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44008729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helopeltis bradyi is the main pest of tea plants. Ecological characteristics of this pest are important to be understood to support the development of their management and control measures. This study aimed to determine the coexistence and vertical distribution pattern of H. bradyi and its predator, Oxyopes javanus, on tea plant parts. The study was conducted at the PT Pagilaran tea plantation in Central Java, in the 2018 rainy season. Population observations were carried out in situ on 20 infested sample-trees taken randomly, for 10 consecutive days, in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. Vertical distribution patterns were determined based on Poisson dispersion index (DI), negative binomial, and Green index (GI). The results showed that the O. javanus spider was found preying on H. bradyi. Coexistence between this pest and predator in the same part of the plant, the pest, and the predator, occurred in the morning were 50.0, 42.8, and 7.2%; at noon were 58.3, 41.7, and 0%; and at the afternoon were 66.7, 33.3, and 0%, respectively. The parts of the plant for the coexistence are pekoe leaves; the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th of young leaves; and 1st of older leaves. The pattern of vertical distribution in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon for H. bradyi was the weak clump, while for O. javanus was uniform. The ratio of predator: prey in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon was 1:10.7, 1:16.7, and 1:10.0, respectively.
{"title":"The Vertical Distribution of Helopeltis bradyi and Oxyopes javanus on Tea","authors":"N. M. Sari, A. Wijonarko, F. Wagiman","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.38118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.38118","url":null,"abstract":"Helopeltis bradyi is the main pest of tea plants. Ecological characteristics of this pest are important to be understood to support the development of their management and control measures. This study aimed to determine the coexistence and vertical distribution pattern of H. bradyi and its predator, Oxyopes javanus, on tea plant parts. The study was conducted at the PT Pagilaran tea plantation in Central Java, in the 2018 rainy season. Population observations were carried out in situ on 20 infested sample-trees taken randomly, for 10 consecutive days, in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon. Vertical distribution patterns were determined based on Poisson dispersion index (DI), negative binomial, and Green index (GI). The results showed that the O. javanus spider was found preying on H. bradyi. Coexistence between this pest and predator in the same part of the plant, the pest, and the predator, occurred in the morning were 50.0, 42.8, and 7.2%; at noon were 58.3, 41.7, and 0%; and at the afternoon were 66.7, 33.3, and 0%, respectively. The parts of the plant for the coexistence are pekoe leaves; the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th of young leaves; and 1st of older leaves. The pattern of vertical distribution in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon for H. bradyi was the weak clump, while for O. javanus was uniform. The ratio of predator: prey in the morning, at noon and in the afternoon was 1:10.7, 1:16.7, and 1:10.0, respectively.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47948799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Selvi Helina, S. Sulandari, S. Hartono, Y. Trisyono
Rice stunt virus is one of the limiting factors in the decline of rice production in Indonesia. The virus consists of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) that is transmitted by brown planthopper (WBC) in a persistent propagative manner. This study aimed to determine the presence of rice stunt virus in Bantul, Yogyakarta through fast detection using RT-PCR. It also aimed to learn the pattern of total protein profile of healthy and infected rice plants by the virus on different severity level in the field. The results showed that rice varieties of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit in Bantul were infected with RGSV and RRSV. They were classified as mild, moderate, severe, and failure in severity level. Homology analysis using BioEdit showed that the nucleotide sequence of RGSV in Bantul isolate had the highest percentage of nucleic acids similarity with Klaten isolate (98.1%). Meanwhile, RRSV of Bantul isolate had the highest percentage of nucleic acids similarity to Philipines isolate (99.5%). Analysis of protein profiles using SDS-PAGE showed a pattern of protein profiles formed on rice infected with the virus at different severity levels which was not found in healthy rice. These proteins presumably were nonstructural p5 and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) of RGSV with a molecular weight of ~22 and 34-35 kDa; and viral spike protein and protein capsid (S8) of RRSV with MW ~39 and ~43 kDa.
{"title":"Detection and Analysis of Protein Profile on Rice Infected by Stunting Virus with Different Severity on Ciherang and Situ Bagendit Varieties","authors":"Selvi Helina, S. Sulandari, S. Hartono, Y. Trisyono","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.36549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.36549","url":null,"abstract":"Rice stunt virus is one of the limiting factors in the decline of rice production in Indonesia. The virus consists of rice grassy stunt virus (RGSV) and rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV) that is transmitted by brown planthopper (WBC) in a persistent propagative manner. This study aimed to determine the presence of rice stunt virus in Bantul, Yogyakarta through fast detection using RT-PCR. It also aimed to learn the pattern of total protein profile of healthy and infected rice plants by the virus on different severity level in the field. The results showed that rice varieties of Ciherang and Situ Bagendit in Bantul were infected with RGSV and RRSV. They were classified as mild, moderate, severe, and failure in severity level. Homology analysis using BioEdit showed that the nucleotide sequence of RGSV in Bantul isolate had the highest percentage of nucleic acids similarity with Klaten isolate (98.1%). Meanwhile, RRSV of Bantul isolate had the highest percentage of nucleic acids similarity to Philipines isolate (99.5%). Analysis of protein profiles using SDS-PAGE showed a pattern of protein profiles formed on rice infected with the virus at different severity levels which was not found in healthy rice. These proteins presumably were nonstructural p5 and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) of RGSV with a molecular weight of ~22 and 34-35 kDa; and viral spike protein and protein capsid (S8) of RRSV with MW ~39 and ~43 kDa.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49583039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Trisyono, Suputa Suputa, Valentina E. F. Aryuwandari, M. Hartaman, J. Jumari
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda has spread and damaged corn in many African and a few Asian Countries recently. A recent outbreak (2019) of Spodoptera species in corn producing areas in the Island of Sumatra was suspected to be a new invasive species. Field observations were made on May 16, 2019 in the District of East and Central Lampung to identify the attacking Spodoptera species, and to observe and determine the damages. Based on the morphological characteristics, the “Y” inverted shape on the head capsule and the patterns of black spots on the abdominal segments (square and trapezoidal forms), the species was confirmed as S. frugiperda. The larvae heavily damaged the early stage of corn (approximately 2-week old) with 100% plants infested and each plant was occupied by a medium or large larva; while older corn received less damage. Larvae fed on the leaves causing defoliation before feeding on the growing point. Different damage symptoms due to S. frugiperda were compared to those of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and further discussion was made to determine the potential consequences of this new threat to the corn production in Indonesia.
{"title":"Occurrence of Heavy Infestation by the Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a New Alien Invasive Pest, in Corn Lampung Indonesia","authors":"Y. Trisyono, Suputa Suputa, Valentina E. F. Aryuwandari, M. Hartaman, J. Jumari","doi":"10.22146/jpti.46455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.46455","url":null,"abstract":"The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda has spread and damaged corn in many African and a few Asian Countries recently. A recent outbreak (2019) of Spodoptera species in corn producing areas in the Island of Sumatra was suspected to be a new invasive species. Field observations were made on May 16, 2019 in the District of East and Central Lampung to identify the attacking Spodoptera species, and to observe and determine the damages. Based on the morphological characteristics, the “Y” inverted shape on the head capsule and the patterns of black spots on the abdominal segments (square and trapezoidal forms), the species was confirmed as S. frugiperda. The larvae heavily damaged the early stage of corn (approximately 2-week old) with 100% plants infested and each plant was occupied by a medium or large larva; while older corn received less damage. Larvae fed on the leaves causing defoliation before feeding on the growing point. Different damage symptoms due to S. frugiperda were compared to those of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, and further discussion was made to determine the potential consequences of this new threat to the corn production in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44685634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cacao is one of the pre-eminent crops plantation with high economic value. Indonesia's cacao beans production is the third largest in the world after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) is one of the important diseases of cacao which caused a decreased yield either in quantity or quality. The disease is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Ceratobasidium theobromae (syn. Oncobasidium theobromae). Spores are carried by wind to spread, infect young leaves and penetrate through natural openings and colonize xylem vessel which could inhibit the transportation system in the plant tissue. There are several fungal pathogens associated with VSD diseases on cacao. This research aimed to study the fungi associate with VSD diseases on cacao in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Survey and sampling were conducted in cacao plantations in regencies of Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, Bantul and Sleman. The severity of VSD disease in the regencies of Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo were high, while in the regencies of Sleman and Bantul were moderate. Eighty eight fungal isolates were isolated from infected petiole and stem. The in vitro pathogenicity test screened 32 fungal isolates causing necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on young healthy cacao leaves with and without wounding. The first symptoms appeared at 8-12 days after inoculation and fungal mycelium could grow at 1−3 days after inoculation. Those isolates collected showed a high diversity of colony morphology. Lasiodiplodia sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. had been identified based on conidial morphology.
{"title":"Fungal Pathogens Associated with Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) Disease on Cacao in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province","authors":"H. Hendra, A. Wibowo, S. Suryanti","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.41512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.41512","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao is one of the pre-eminent crops plantation with high economic value. Indonesia's cacao beans production is the third largest in the world after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) is one of the important diseases of cacao which caused a decreased yield either in quantity or quality. The disease is caused by the basidiomycete fungus Ceratobasidium theobromae (syn. Oncobasidium theobromae). Spores are carried by wind to spread, infect young leaves and penetrate through natural openings and colonize xylem vessel which could inhibit the transportation system in the plant tissue. There are several fungal pathogens associated with VSD diseases on cacao. This research aimed to study the fungi associate with VSD diseases on cacao in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Survey and sampling were conducted in cacao plantations in regencies of Gunungkidul, Kulon Progo, Bantul and Sleman. The severity of VSD disease in the regencies of Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo were high, while in the regencies of Sleman and Bantul were moderate. Eighty eight fungal isolates were isolated from infected petiole and stem. The in vitro pathogenicity test screened 32 fungal isolates causing necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on young healthy cacao leaves with and without wounding. The first symptoms appeared at 8-12 days after inoculation and fungal mycelium could grow at 1−3 days after inoculation. Those isolates collected showed a high diversity of colony morphology. Lasiodiplodia sp., Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Pestalotiopsis sp. had been identified based on conidial morphology.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47943864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. G. W. Selangga, S. Hidayat, A. Susila, S. Wiyono
Yellow leaf curl disease of chili pepper caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) has been reported as an important disease in Java and Bali. Disease severity reached 80−100% and it may cause significant yield losses. In order to reduce the negative impact of synthetic insecticides, silica application was evaluated for its potency to suppress the disease. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomly block design with 2 factors: PYLCV isolate (Java and Bali) and silica (SiO2) treatment (with and without). Parameters observed were disease symptoms, incubation period, disease incidence and severity, and total silica level. The symptoms of virus infection in Pelita 8 and Seret cultivars were yellow mosaic, leaf curl, green mosaic, dwarf, and cupping upward or downward. A Specific DNA fragment of 912 bp was successfully amplified from 4 samples. Four sequences were obtained and further analysis showed their highest homology, i.e. 96% and 97% with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus-Java (PYLCIV-Java) (JX416180) and PYLCIV-KrthAl (LC381274), respectively. Infection by different virus isolates did not affect disease severity significantly. The application of silica was able to delay symptom development and to suppress the severity of the disease in the range of 16.67−30.33%. Silica application on the soil increased the total content of silica in the plants. However, a further experiment is required to understand the mode of action of silica in inducing plant resistance to the pathogen.
{"title":"The Effect of Silica (SiO2) to the Severity of Yellow Leaf Curl Disease on Chili Pepper","authors":"D. G. W. Selangga, S. Hidayat, A. Susila, S. Wiyono","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.38951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.38951","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow leaf curl disease of chili pepper caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) has been reported as an important disease in Java and Bali. Disease severity reached 80−100% and it may cause significant yield losses. In order to reduce the negative impact of synthetic insecticides, silica application was evaluated for its potency to suppress the disease. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using randomly block design with 2 factors: PYLCV isolate (Java and Bali) and silica (SiO2) treatment (with and without). Parameters observed were disease symptoms, incubation period, disease incidence and severity, and total silica level. The symptoms of virus infection in Pelita 8 and Seret cultivars were yellow mosaic, leaf curl, green mosaic, dwarf, and cupping upward or downward. A Specific DNA fragment of 912 bp was successfully amplified from 4 samples. Four sequences were obtained and further analysis showed their highest homology, i.e. 96% and 97% with Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus-Java (PYLCIV-Java) (JX416180) and PYLCIV-KrthAl (LC381274), respectively. Infection by different virus isolates did not affect disease severity significantly. The application of silica was able to delay symptom development and to suppress the severity of the disease in the range of 16.67−30.33%. Silica application on the soil increased the total content of silica in the plants. However, a further experiment is required to understand the mode of action of silica in inducing plant resistance to the pathogen.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46590374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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