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Challenges and opportunities of Facebook during bereavement: experiences from Taung in South Africa 丧亲期间 Facebook 的挑战与机遇:南非 Taung 的经验
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1292961
Kealeboga Aiseng
Bereavement is something that we experience in one way or another. It involves many steps from one culture to the other. Many scholars have documented the role of social media tools in bereavement processes. In this study, I look at the challenges and opportunities offered by Facebook during bereavement, especially in a community that is still traditional and has yet to fully comprehend the importance of social media, particularly in matters considered sacred. The study used interviews with residents from Taung to collect data. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the collected data from the interviews. The study findings indicate some challenges associated with bereavement on Facebook: emotional shock, lack of sensitivity, misinformation, and cultural dilution. There are also opportunities: fast news sharing, ongoing emotional support, and sharing of memories. The study argues that the findings should expand our understanding and knowledge of bereavement in some African cultures and use social media tools to complement and not destroy African beliefs and practices.
丧亲之痛是我们或多或少都会经历的。它涉及从一种文化到另一种文化的许多步骤。许多学者都记录了社交媒体工具在丧亲过程中的作用。在本研究中,我探讨了 Facebook 在丧亲过程中带来的挑战和机遇,尤其是在一个仍然传统、尚未完全理解社交媒体重要性的社区中,特别是在被视为神圣的事情上。本研究通过对大同居民的访谈来收集数据。研究采用主题分析法对访谈收集的数据进行分析。研究结果表明了 Facebook 上与丧亲相关的一些挑战:情感冲击、缺乏敏感性、错误信息和文化淡化。同时也存在机遇:快速的新闻分享、持续的情感支持和记忆分享。研究认为,研究结果应能扩展我们对一些非洲文化中丧亲之痛的理解和认识,并利用社交媒体工具来补充而不是破坏非洲的信仰和习俗。
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引用次数: 0
Disinformation in the Spanish public debate: an analysis of political speeches in the Congress of Deputies 西班牙公共辩论中的虚假信息:对众议院政治演讲的分析
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1363941
Ricardo Domínguez-García, Ana Velasco-Molpeceres, Concha Pérez-Curiel
Disinformation is one of the main challenges faced by modern democratic societies, becoming a crucial focus of study in political communication. Terms such as lie, falsehood, hoax, disinformation, or post-truth have become part of the daily language of the media, featured in numerous scientific studies, and entered political discourse. With the aim of delving into and determining the characteristic features of Spanish politicians' discourse on disinformation, a methodology of quantitative and qualitative content analysis is applied to a total of 1,115 interventions by members of the Congress of Deputies during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This period is chosen due to its high levels of disinformation and polarization. The results indicate that the issue of disinformation is a minor topic on the Spanish political agenda. Furthermore, metrics confirm a much higher use of terms such as lie, false, and hoax, to the detriment of other words like disinformation or post-truth. An impact of the pandemic on the main themes related to this phenomenon is also detected, with health and the economy being the primary frames identified. From an interpretative perspective, this is attributed to the tendency of Spanish politicians to use this issue as just one element within a polarizing and confrontational rhetoric, generally eschewing proactive debates on the measures needed to address disinformation.
虚假信息是现代民主社会面临的主要挑战之一,已成为政治传播研究的一个重要焦点。谎言、虚假、骗局、虚假信息或 "后真相 "等术语已成为媒体日常用语的一部分,出现在众多科学研究中,并进入了政治话语。为了深入研究和确定西班牙政治家对虚假信息的论述特点,本研究采用定量和定性内容分析的方法,对 COVID-19 在西班牙流行的第一年期间众议院议员的 1115 次发言进行了分析。之所以选择这一时期,是因为其虚假信息和两极分化的程度较高。研究结果表明,虚假信息问题在西班牙政治议程中只是一个次要议题。此外,度量指标证实,谎言、虚假和骗局等词汇的使用率要高得多,而虚假信息或 "后真相 "等其他词汇的使用率则要低得多。大流行病对与这一现象相关的主要主题也产生了影响,其中健康和经济是主要的框架。从解释学的角度来看,这是由于西班牙政治家倾向于将这一问题作为两极分化和对抗性言论中的一个因素,普遍回避就应对虚假信息所需的措施进行积极辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Disinformation in the Spanish public debate: an analysis of political speeches in the Congress of Deputies 西班牙公共辩论中的虚假信息:对众议院政治演讲的分析
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1363941
Ricardo Domínguez-García, Ana Velasco-Molpeceres, Concha Pérez-Curiel
Disinformation is one of the main challenges faced by modern democratic societies, becoming a crucial focus of study in political communication. Terms such as lie, falsehood, hoax, disinformation, or post-truth have become part of the daily language of the media, featured in numerous scientific studies, and entered political discourse. With the aim of delving into and determining the characteristic features of Spanish politicians' discourse on disinformation, a methodology of quantitative and qualitative content analysis is applied to a total of 1,115 interventions by members of the Congress of Deputies during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. This period is chosen due to its high levels of disinformation and polarization. The results indicate that the issue of disinformation is a minor topic on the Spanish political agenda. Furthermore, metrics confirm a much higher use of terms such as lie, false, and hoax, to the detriment of other words like disinformation or post-truth. An impact of the pandemic on the main themes related to this phenomenon is also detected, with health and the economy being the primary frames identified. From an interpretative perspective, this is attributed to the tendency of Spanish politicians to use this issue as just one element within a polarizing and confrontational rhetoric, generally eschewing proactive debates on the measures needed to address disinformation.
虚假信息是现代民主社会面临的主要挑战之一,已成为政治传播研究的一个重要焦点。谎言、虚假、骗局、虚假信息或 "后真相 "等术语已成为媒体日常用语的一部分,出现在众多科学研究中,并进入了政治话语。为了深入研究和确定西班牙政治家对虚假信息的论述特点,本研究采用定量和定性内容分析的方法,对 COVID-19 在西班牙流行的第一年期间众议院议员的 1115 次发言进行了分析。之所以选择这一时期,是因为其虚假信息和两极分化的程度较高。研究结果表明,虚假信息问题在西班牙政治议程中只是一个次要议题。此外,度量指标证实,谎言、虚假和骗局等词汇的使用率要高得多,而虚假信息或 "后真相 "等其他词汇的使用率则要低得多。大流行病对与这一现象相关的主要主题也产生了影响,其中健康和经济是主要的框架。从解释学的角度来看,这是由于西班牙政治家倾向于将这一问题作为两极分化和对抗性言论中的一个因素,普遍回避就应对虚假信息所需的措施进行积极辩论。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding sentiment toward racial unrest through temporal and geographic lenses: a multilevel-analysis across metropolitan areas in the United States 从时间和地理角度了解对种族动乱的情绪:对美国大都市地区的多层面分析
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1259046
Sanguk Lee, Myung Sik Cho, Tai-Quan Peng
Racial unrest has long been a salient social issue in the United States. Time and space provide essential contexts for the emergence and evolution of racial unrest. However, the relationships between these contextual factors and public responses to racial unrest remain insufficiently explored. This study seeks to fill that gap, blending geocoded, time-stamped racial unrest tweet data with census information. It aims to explore how temporal elements and geographical characteristics of metropolitan areas contribute to the emergence of negative sentiment reactions to racial unrest on social media platforms. The racially charged unrest that transpired in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014 serves as our case study. We select 33 metropolitan regions across the U.S. for our analysis. Our findings indicate that temporal processes, encompassing circadian rhythms, weekday-weekend variations, and temporal decay, correlate with expressions of anxiety and anger, albeit not sadness. Furthermore, our analysis reveals geographical characteristics—notably income inequality and segregation, combined with the number of Black victims—to be associated with manifestations of anxiety.
长期以来,种族动乱一直是美国的一个突出社会问题。时间和空间为种族动乱的出现和演变提供了重要的背景。然而,这些背景因素与公众对种族动乱的反应之间的关系仍未得到充分探讨。本研究试图填补这一空白,将地理编码、带有时间戳的种族动乱推特数据与人口普查信息相结合。它旨在探索大都市地区的时间要素和地理特征如何促进社交媒体平台上出现对种族动乱的负面情绪反应。我们以 2014 年发生在密苏里州弗格森的种族动乱为案例进行研究。我们选择了全美 33 个大都市地区进行分析。我们的研究结果表明,包括昼夜节律、工作日-周末变化和时间衰减在内的时间过程与焦虑和愤怒的表达相关,但与悲伤无关。此外,我们的分析还揭示了地理特征--尤其是收入不平等和种族隔离,以及黑人受害者的数量--与焦虑的表现相关。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding sentiment toward racial unrest through temporal and geographic lenses: a multilevel-analysis across metropolitan areas in the United States 从时间和地理角度了解对种族动乱的情绪:对美国大都市地区的多层面分析
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1259046
Sanguk Lee, Myung Sik Cho, Tai-Quan Peng
Racial unrest has long been a salient social issue in the United States. Time and space provide essential contexts for the emergence and evolution of racial unrest. However, the relationships between these contextual factors and public responses to racial unrest remain insufficiently explored. This study seeks to fill that gap, blending geocoded, time-stamped racial unrest tweet data with census information. It aims to explore how temporal elements and geographical characteristics of metropolitan areas contribute to the emergence of negative sentiment reactions to racial unrest on social media platforms. The racially charged unrest that transpired in Ferguson, Missouri in 2014 serves as our case study. We select 33 metropolitan regions across the U.S. for our analysis. Our findings indicate that temporal processes, encompassing circadian rhythms, weekday-weekend variations, and temporal decay, correlate with expressions of anxiety and anger, albeit not sadness. Furthermore, our analysis reveals geographical characteristics—notably income inequality and segregation, combined with the number of Black victims—to be associated with manifestations of anxiety.
长期以来,种族动乱一直是美国的一个突出社会问题。时间和空间为种族动乱的出现和演变提供了重要的背景。然而,这些背景因素与公众对种族动乱的反应之间的关系仍未得到充分探讨。本研究试图填补这一空白,将地理编码、带有时间戳的种族动乱推特数据与人口普查信息相结合。它旨在探索大都市地区的时间要素和地理特征如何促进社交媒体平台上出现对种族动乱的负面情绪反应。我们以 2014 年发生在密苏里州弗格森的种族动乱为案例进行研究。我们选择了全美 33 个大都市地区进行分析。我们的研究结果表明,包括昼夜节律、工作日-周末变化和时间衰减在内的时间过程与焦虑和愤怒的表达相关,但与悲伤无关。此外,我们的分析还揭示了地理特征--尤其是收入不平等和种族隔离,以及黑人受害者的数量--与焦虑的表现相关。
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引用次数: 0
I'd rather be a cyborg than a celebrity: Black feminism in the digital music industry 我宁愿做机器人,也不愿做名人:数字音乐产业中的黑人女性主义
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1332643
Parise Carmichael-Murphy
This essay argues that Black feminist artists in the digital music industry embrace cyborg politics to disrupt celebrity conventions in ways that draw attention to the complexity of identity and oppression. I draw attention to Black feminism as a movement for challenging intersecting oppressions, particularly for Black women, as well as a drive to celebrate Black women's contributions to the music industry. Donna Haraway's conceptualization of the “cyborg” can offer significant insight into how artists in the digital music industry transcend boundaries of identity to renegotiate the ideas of celebrity and fame. The cyborg is a fluid being that embraces the interconnectedness and interplay between technology and the body. By embracing cyborg politics, those who occupy space in the music industry and online can resist the commodification of their bodies to machinery alone and retain their humanity in the celebrity machine.
本文论证了数字音乐产业中的黑人女权艺术家拥抱电子人政治,以引起人们对身份和压迫复杂性的关注的方式打破名人惯例。我提请大家注意,黑人女权主义是一场挑战交叉压迫(尤其是对黑人女性而言)的运动,也是一场颂扬黑人女性对音乐产业所做贡献的运动。唐娜-哈拉维(Donna Haraway)对 "电子人"(cyborg)的概念化可为我们提供重要启示,让我们了解数字音乐产业中的艺术家如何超越身份界限,重新谈判名人和名气的概念。生化人是一种流动的存在,拥抱技术与身体之间的相互联系和相互作用。通过拥抱生化人政治,那些在音乐产业和网络中占据一席之地的人可以抵制将他们的身体商品化为机器的做法,在名人机器中保留他们的人性。
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引用次数: 0
Causal inference of diachronic semantic maps from cross-linguistic synchronic polysemy data 从跨语言同步多义词数据中推断非同步语义图的因果关系
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1288196
Johannes Dellert
Semantic maps are used in lexical typology to summarize cross-linguistic implicational universals of co-expression between meanings in a domain. They are defined as networks which, using as few links as possible, connect the meanings so that every isolectic set (i.e., set of meanings that can be expressed by the same word in some language) forms a connected component. Due to the close connection between synchronic polysemies and semantic change, semantic maps are often interpreted diachronically as encoding potential pathways of semantic extension. While semantic maps are traditionally generated by hand, there have been attempts to automate this complex and non-deterministic process. I explore the problem from a new algorithmic angle by casting it in the framework of causal discovery, a field which explores the possibility of automatically inferring causal structures from observational data. I show that a standard causal inference algorithm can be used to reduce cross-linguistic polysemy data into minimal network structures which explain the observed polysemies. If the algorithm makes its link deletion decisions on the basis of the connected component criterion, the skeleton of the resulting causal structure is a synchronic semantic map. The arrows which are added to some links in the second stage can be interpreted as expressing the main tendencies of semantic extension. Much of the existing literature on semantic maps implicitly assumes that the data from the languages under analysis is correct and complete, whereas in reality, semantic map research is riddled by data quality and sparseness problems. To quantify the uncertainty inherent in the inferred diachronic semantic maps, I rely on bootstrapping on the language level to model the uncertainty caused by the given language sample, as well as on random link processing orders to explore the space of possible semantic maps for a given input. The maps inferred from the samples are then summarized into a consensus network where every link and arrow receives a confidence value. In experiments on cross-linguistic polysemy data of varying shapes, the resulting confidence values are found to mostly agree with previously published results, though challenges in directionality inference remain.
语义图在词汇类型学中被用来总结一个领域中意义之间共同表达的跨语言隐含普遍性。语义图被定义为网络,使用尽可能少的链接将意义连接起来,使每一个等折中集(即在某种语言中可以用同一个词表达的意义集)形成一个相连的组成部分。由于同步多义词与语义变化之间的密切联系,语义图通常被解释为编码语义扩展的潜在路径的非同步图。虽然语义图传统上都是手工生成的,但也有人尝试将这一复杂而非确定的过程自动化。我从一个新的算法角度探讨了这个问题,将其置于因果发现的框架中,这一领域探讨了从观察数据中自动推断因果结构的可能性。我的研究表明,标准的因果推理算法可以用来将跨语言多义词数据还原为最小网络结构,从而解释观察到的多义词。如果该算法根据连接成分标准做出删除链接的决定,那么得到的因果结构的骨架就是同步语义图。第二阶段中添加到某些链接上的箭头可以解释为表达了语义扩展的主要趋势。现有的许多语义图谱文献都隐含地假定了所分析语言的数据是正确和完整的,而实际上,语义图谱研究充满了数据质量和稀缺性问题。为了量化推断出的异时语义图中固有的不确定性,我依靠语言层面的引导来模拟给定语言样本造成的不确定性,并依靠随机链接处理顺序来探索给定输入的可能语义图空间。然后将从样本中推断出的语义图汇总到共识网络中,其中每个链接和箭头都有一个置信度值。在对不同形状的跨语言多义词数据进行的实验中,发现所得出的置信度值与之前公布的结果基本一致,但在方向性推断方面仍存在挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Feminist HCI and narratives of design semantics in DIY music hardware 女性主义人机交互和 DIY 音乐硬件中的设计语义叙事
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1345124
Karolina Jawad, Anna Xambó Sedó
Feminist Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) integrates gender, diversity, equity, and social justice into technology research and design, fostering a more inclusive and socially aware technology landscape. This article explores the design semantics of ten Do-it-Yourself (DIY) musical instruments created by women builders. Design semantics refers to the associations conveyed by designed objects so as to identity, emotions, performance or the environment and their sensory qualities such as shape, size, touch or vision. Together these associations and qualities can establish design narratives that influence the way meaning is ascribed. We conduct an analysis of these instruments to answer the question of how fabulations of design semantics, through the lens of feminist HCI principles, can reshape our understanding of gender bias in object design within the realm of DIY musical instruments constructed by women builders. Our investigation uncovers a feminist narrative taking shape as we found out that DIY instruments design contributes to the fabulation of alternative futures that challenge prevalent current gender expectations associated with commercial music hardware. DIY instruments provide a platform for questioning established gender norms, enabling the development of technologies that embrace diverse perspectives and maintain a technical identity.
女性主义人机交互(HCI)将性别、多样性、公平和社会正义融入到技术研究和设计中,促进了更具包容性和社会意识的技术发展。本文探讨了十种由女性制作者制作的自助(DIY)乐器的设计语义。设计语义是指设计对象所传达的身份、情感、性能或环境方面的联想,以及它们的感官特质,如形状、大小、触感或视觉。这些联想和特质可以共同建立设计叙事,影响意义的赋予方式。我们对这些乐器进行了分析,以回答这样一个问题:从女性主义人机交互原则的视角来看,设计语义的编造如何能够重塑我们对由女性建造者建造的 DIY 乐器领域中物品设计的性别偏见的理解。我们的调查发现,DIY 乐器设计有助于创造另一种未来,挑战当前与商业音乐硬件相关的普遍性别期望,从而揭示了正在形成的女性主义叙事。DIY 乐器为质疑既有的性别规范提供了一个平台,从而能够开发出既能接受不同观点又能保持技术特性的技术。
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引用次数: 0
Designing understandable, action-oriented, and well-perceived earthquake risk maps—The Swiss case study 设计可理解、以行动为导向、广受好评的地震风险地图--瑞士案例研究
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1306104
Irina Dallo, Laura N. Schnegg, Michèle Marti, Donat Fulda, Athanasios N. Papadopoulos, Philippe Roth, L. Danciu, Nadja Valenzuela, Simon R. Wenk, P. Bergamo, F. Haslinger, D. Fäh, P. Kästli, Stefan Wiemer
With seismic risk assessments becoming more available and reliable over the last years, the need to communicate seismic risk emerged. Seismic risk allows people to understand what impacts earthquakes can have and how they could affect their lives. In Switzerland, a nation-wide seismic risk model (ERM-CH23) was published in 2023 demanding sophisticated communication products to inform about its results. Since only limited research has been conducted on how to best communicate earthquake risk information to societies including the general public, key elements of the outreach activities were tested before the model release. To this end, we, an interdisciplinary group, conducted a nationwide survey in Switzerland in December 2022 to test different earthquake risk map designs by varying the color scale and the legend type. We analyzed the effects of the map and legend design on people's correct interpretation of the risk information, perceived usefulness, risk perception, and motivation to take action. Our survey revealed that (i) a legend with the combination of qualitative and quantitative labels leads to more accurate interpretations of the information presented on the map and is preferred by the public; (ii) the color scale determines how people perceive the spatial risk; and (iii) personal factors influence people's interpretation skills, risk perception, and intention to take action. Our study thus provides insights and recommendations on how to best design user-centered earthquake risk maps as a key outreach product to ensure their effective use by the public, consequently enhancing society's resilience to earthquakes in the long term.
近年来,随着地震风险评估的可用性和可靠性不断提高,出现了宣传地震风险的需求。地震风险可以让人们了解地震会产生哪些影响,以及地震会如何影响他们的生活。瑞士于 2023 年发布了全国地震风险模型 (ERM-CH23),需要先进的传播产品来宣传其结果。由于对如何更好地向社会(包括公众)传播地震风险信息的研究十分有限,因此在模型发布之前对宣传活动的关键要素进行了测试。为此,我们这个跨学科小组于 2022 年 12 月在瑞士开展了一项全国性调查,通过改变颜色比例和图例类型来测试不同的地震风险地图设计。我们分析了地图和图例设计对人们正确理解风险信息、感知有用性、风险感知和行动动机的影响。我们的调查显示:(i) 结合定性和定量标签的图例能更准确地解读地图上的信息,更受公众青睐;(ii) 颜色标度决定了人们对空间风险的感知;(iii) 个人因素影响着人们的解读能力、风险感知和行动意向。因此,我们的研究为如何更好地设计以用户为中心的地震风险地图提供了见解和建议,作为一种重要的外联产品,确保公众有效使用这些地图,从而提高社会的长期抗震能力。
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引用次数: 1
Topic modeling three decades of climate change news in Denmark 主题建模三十年来丹麦的气候变化新闻
IF 2.4 Q2 Social Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2023.1322498
Florian Meier, Mikkel Fugl Eskjær
Climate change is a dynamic and rapidly evolving media agenda. First associated with scientific notions of the greenhouse effect, it was later presented as global warming before reaching the current and broader picture of climate change. Over its development, climate change reporting has touched on a broad range of topics reflecting shifting scientific understandings, political interventions, and public anxieties, all of which condition the public's view and actions on climate change. To better understand which issues the Danish public has been exposed to, this study uses topic modeling to analyse 32 years of climate change communication in Denmark (1990–2021, n = 63,743). It identifies 85 topics grouped into 14 themes dealing with climate change in Danish national media outlets. Topics differ in prevalence and longitudinal stability while reflecting outlet bias in political leaning and communicative modalities. The most pronounced differences in climate change reporting are between public service media and traditional newspapers. This indicates that media users relying mainly on online news from public service providers, without additional access to print media, will receive information on climate change that is more topical and less politicized, more thematic and less structural, more about high-level politics than everyday interventions and more concerned with consequences than solutions.
气候变化是一个动态的、快速演变的媒体议程。它最初与温室效应的科学概念联系在一起,后来被称为全球变暖,然后才有了现在更广泛的气候变化。在其发展过程中,气候变化报道涉及广泛的主题,反映了不断变化的科学认识、政治干预和公众焦虑,所有这些都制约着公众对气候变化的看法和行动。为了更好地了解丹麦公众接触过哪些议题,本研究使用议题模型分析了丹麦 32 年的气候变化传播(1990-2021 年,n = 63,743 人)。研究确定了丹麦国家媒体中涉及气候变化的 14 个主题中的 85 个主题。这些主题在普遍性和纵向稳定性方面存在差异,同时反映了媒体在政治倾向和传播方式方面的偏差。公共服务媒体和传统报纸在气候变化报道方面的差异最为明显。这表明,如果媒体用户主要依靠公共服务提供商提供的在线新闻,而没有更多机会接触印刷媒体,那么他们所接收到的气候变化信息将更多地关注热点而非政治化,更多地是主题性而非结构性,更多地是关于高层政治而非日常干预,更多地是关注后果而非解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Communication
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