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Use of comics in the promotion of school children’s health: a scoping review 利用漫画促进学童健康:范围界定审查
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1439329
Amanda Soares, Ana Beatriz Macêdo Venâncio dos Santos, Tainelly Souza de Vieira, Bárbara Letícia de Queiroz Xavier, Ricardo Jorge de Lucena Lucas, Ângelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa Oliveira
This scoping review provides an analysis of the available experiences on the use of comics to promote the health of school children. It was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF) under DOI: doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z5VX6. Seventeen studies were used, including articles, theses and dissertations. The results present the main characteristics of the studies such as year; country; sample characteristics; study design; description of actions and population/sample. The target population of each selected study was children younger than 10 years. The sample number of the studies ranged between 47 and 881 children. Fifteen studies developed the interventions in schools. 44.4% of the selected studies were published between 2011 and 2020, and the continents with the highest number of publications were South America and North America, with 33.3% each. Regarding the type of study, 55.6% used the non-randomized experimental method and 35.3% had themes related to specific diseases. The experiences that were considered successful were conditioned to the organizational structure of the use of comic books and how they were offered to school children.
本范围综述分析了利用漫画促进学童健康的现有经验。它已在开放科学框架(OSF)中注册,DOI:doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/Z5VX6。共使用了 17 项研究,包括文章、论文和学位论文。研究结果介绍了这些研究的主要特征,如年份、国家、样本特征、研究设计、行动描述和人口/样本。每项选定研究的目标人群都是 10 岁以下的儿童。研究的样本数在 47 到 881 名儿童之间。15 项研究在学校开展了干预活动。44.4%的选定研究发表于2011年至2020年之间,发表数量最多的大洲是南美洲和北美洲,各占33.3%。在研究类型方面,55.6%的研究采用了非随机实验方法,35.3%的研究主题与特定疾病相关。被认为成功的经验取决于使用漫画书的组织结构以及向学童提供漫画书的方式。
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引用次数: 0
Editorial: Rethinking global health and communication 社论:重新思考全球卫生与传播
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1416596
Zhenyi Li
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引用次数: 0
Understanding news-related user comments and their effects: a systematic review 了解与新闻相关的用户评论及其影响:系统性综述
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1447457
Emily Kubin, Pascal Merz, Mariam Wahba, Cate Davis, Kurt Gray, Christian von Sikorski
There has been growing interest in research on news-related user comments. Here we conduct the first systematic review of this literature—quantitatively and qualitatively (248 studies)—that covers the entire communication process (content analyses, surveys, experiments). Results indicate a focus on online news articles (vs videos) and little consideration for major social media platforms (Instagram, TikTok). Research often assesses incivility in comments but offers conflicting conclusions on the actual level of incivility in comment threads—and seldom considers how to effectively combat any incivility. We propose four priorities for future work: more comparative and longitudinal approaches; exploring social media and video content; examining platform design, content moderation and artificial intelligence; and implementing measures to reduce incivility and protect the integrity of journalism.
人们对新闻相关用户评论的研究兴趣与日俱增。在此,我们对这些文献(248 项研究)进行了首次系统性的定量和定性回顾,涵盖了整个传播过程(内容分析、调查、实验)。研究结果表明,研究重点集中在网络新闻文章(相对于视频)上,对主要的社交媒体平台(Instagram、TikTok)考虑甚少。研究通常会对评论中的不文明行为进行评估,但对评论线程中不文明行为的实际水平却给出了相互矛盾的结论,而且很少考虑如何有效打击任何不文明行为。我们提出了未来工作的四个重点:更多的比较和纵向方法;探索社交媒体和视频内容;研究平台设计、内容节制和人工智能;实施减少不文明行为和保护新闻诚信的措施。
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引用次数: 0
Short versions of the Basque MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (children aged 8–50 months) 巴斯克语麦克阿瑟-贝茨沟通能力发展量表简版(8-50 个月大的儿童)
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1406829
M. Ezeizabarrena, Iñaki García Fernández, Aroa Murciano
This study provides a brief review of the adaptation of the short MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) instruments into Basque. The study aims to provide the scientific community with several standardized instruments designed to measure the vocabulary size of young children (aged 8–50 months) who are learning Basque, a language spoken in Spain and France. Data from over 2,400 children, obtained using the Basque adaptations of the short CDI parental questionnaires, the BCDI-1s(hort), BCDI-2s, and BCDI-3, revealed the capacity of these instruments to identify the effect of age on the language development of preschool-age children exposed to this language, as has been attested in other (minority and non-minority) languages. The study also examined the effect size of age, sex, and language input. The results showed that sex had a null or very small effect on both lexical development and the rest of the scales, whereas the effect of language input increased as children grew older and was even stronger than the effect of age from 30 months onwards. These findings provide solid ground for discussing the relevance of various factors that affect young children's language acquisition.
本研究简要回顾了将麦克阿瑟-贝茨交际发展简易量表(CDI)改编成巴斯克语的情况。该研究旨在为科学界提供几种标准化工具,用于测量正在学习巴斯克语(一种在西班牙和法国使用的语言)的幼儿(8-50 个月大)的词汇量。通过使用巴斯克语改编的简短 CDI 家长问卷、BCDI-1s(hort)、BCDI-2s 和 BCDI-3 获得的 2400 多名儿童的数据显示,这些工具能够识别年龄对学龄前儿童语言发展的影响,这在其他(少数民族和非少数民族)语言中也得到了证实。研究还考察了年龄、性别和语言输入的影响大小。结果显示,性别对词汇发展和其他量表的影响为零或非常小,而语言输入的影响则随着儿童年龄的增长而增加,从 30 个月起甚至比年龄的影响更大。这些发现为讨论影响幼儿语言习得的各种因素的相关性提供了坚实的基础。
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引用次数: 0
The figure of the influencer under scrutiny: highly exposed, poorly regulated 受审查的影响者形象:曝光率高,监管不力
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1454543
Cristina González-Díaz, Carmen Quiles-Soler, Natalia Quintas-Froufe
The figure of the influencer has generated an increase in their presence on social networks. Their ability to create content, their credibility and their identification with the consumer represent an added value in commercial communication. However, their disclosures are controversial due to the lack of transparency and differentiation between their commercial and opinion content. The absence of a clear definition of an influencer, the need to regulate their actions and the difficulty of identifying the commercial content of their publications are evidence of the concern to regulate their activity. The aim of this paper is to analyze, in the European context, the specific regulations on commercial disclosures by influencers, as well as to ascertain the point of view of the agents involved. To this end, a content analysis of the guidelines, regulations and/or laws of 24 European Union countries is carried out, complemented by an ad hoc questionnaire that brings together different aspects that can be defined and delimited. The results show a lack of unanimity in the rules and regulations governing influencers, as well as a manifest concern on the part of professionals in the sector to determine their communications. Only two countries, France and Spain, have specific legislation on the subject, limiting commercial disclosure to the existence of consideration and/or number of followers. It is clear that the existing guidelines are, in most cases, more comprehensive in terms of transparency guidelines for identifying advertising than the regulatory texts. The findings question whether the path of legislation is the right one, or whether efforts should instead focus on media and advertising literacy for both influencers and consumers.
影响者的形象使他们在社交网络上的存在感越来越强。他们创造内容的能力、可信度以及对消费者的认同感为商业传播带来了附加值。然而,由于其商业内容和观点内容之间缺乏透明度和区别,他们的信息披露也备受争议。缺乏对 "有影响力者 "的明确定义、需要对其行为进行监管以及难以确定其出版物的商业内容,这些都表明了对其活动进行监管的必要性。本文的目的是在欧洲范围内分析影响者披露商业信息的具体规定,并确定相关代理人的观点。为此,本文对 24 个欧盟国家的准则、法规和/或法律进行了内容分析,并辅以一份特别调查问卷,汇集了可以界定和划分的不同方面。结果表明,有关影响者的规则和条例缺乏一致性,而且该行业的专业人员对确定其传播方式明显感到担忧。只有两个国家,即法国和西班牙,制定了这方面的专门法律,将商业信息的披露限制在有无考虑和/或追随者的数量上。显然,在大多数情况下,现有准则在识别广告的透明度指导方面比法规文本更加全面。研究结果质疑立法之路是否正确,或者是否应将工作重点放在对影响者和消费者进行媒体和广告扫盲上。
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引用次数: 0
Miracle of nature—dialog with nature through artistic creation 大自然的奇迹--通过艺术创作与大自然对话
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-22 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1440368
Leena Raappana-Luiro
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of an illustrator’s visual style in representing nature. The focus is on the author’s own artistic project in which the personal relationship with nature is reflected. As for theory, the style used in the representation is seen as a combination of semiotic resources. In this case, the style is inspired by historical images: old still life paintings and illustrations from natural encyclopedias and field guides. The stylistic influences work as a connotative semiotic resource. From a wider perspective, how we represent nature creates social discourses of nature and our attitudes toward it. The results indicate that fact-based communication of nature would also benefit from the emotional effect of esthetic imagery.
本研究旨在分析插画家的视觉风格对表现自然的影响。重点是作者自己的艺术项目,其中反映了个人与自然的关系。在理论方面,表现中使用的风格被视为符号资源的组合。在本作品中,这种风格受到了历史图像的启发:古老的静物画以及自然百科全书和野外指南中的插图。这些风格上的影响成为一种内涵丰富的符号资源。从更广阔的角度来看,我们如何表现自然创造了关于自然的社会话语以及我们对自然的态度。研究结果表明,以事实为基础的自然交流也将受益于审美意象的情感效应。
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引用次数: 0
A Spanish Sentence Repetition Task and its relationship with spontaneous language in children aged 30 to 36 months 西班牙语句子重复任务及其与 30 至 36 个月儿童自发语言的关系
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1368035
Natalia Bravo, Sonia Mariscal, Marta Casla, Miguel Lázaro
Sentence Repetition Tasks (SRTs) have been convincingly established as a reliable tool for assessing child language development. However, there are important aspects of this task that deserve more attention. For example, few studies have explored their potential role for identifying language disorders in children under 4 years of age, as almost all evidence refers to children above this age. There is also scarce evidence regarding the relationship between the results of these tasks and measures of spontaneous language. To address this gap, we conducted a study with 24 Typically Developing (TD) monolingual Spanish speakers aged between 30 and 36 months. They performed a Spanish Sentence Repetition Task (SSRT), and their language was recorded and analyzed during spontaneous play with their parents. Variables such as Mean Length of Utterance (MLU), an index of lexical diversity (ILD) and the structure of the Noun Phrase were considered. The statistical analyses reflect a positive and significant correlation between the results obtained in the SSRT and both the MLU and Noun Phrase structure. A positive and significant relationship is also obtained between the MLU in repetition and the MLU of spontaneous language. However, no significant correlation is found between the ILD with either the SSRT or the other measures of spontaneous language. Based on these results, we interpret that the SSRT effectively mirrors the language development of children measured through spontaneous production and is suitable for assessing language skills of Spanish children under 4 years old.
句子复述任务(SRT)已被证实是评估儿童语言发展的可靠工具。然而,这项任务还有一些重要方面值得更多关注。例如,很少有研究探讨了 SRT 在识别 4 岁以下儿童语言障碍方面的潜在作用,因为几乎所有的证据都是针对 4 岁以上儿童的。关于这些任务的结果与自发语言测量结果之间关系的证据也很少。为了弥补这一不足,我们对 24 名年龄在 30 到 36 个月之间的典型发育期(TD)西班牙语单语儿童进行了研究。他们进行了西班牙语句子重复任务 (SSRT),并记录和分析了他们与父母自发游戏时的语言。研究考虑了平均语篇长度(MLU)、词汇多样性指数(ILD)和名词短语结构等变量。统计分析显示,SSRT 的结果与 MLU 和名词短语结构之间存在显著的正相关。复述中的多语言单位与自发语言的多语言单位之间也存在明显的正相关关系。然而,ILD 与 SSRT 或其他自发语言测量之间没有发现明显的相关性。基于这些结果,我们认为 SSRT 能有效反映儿童通过自发语言表达所获得的语言发展情况,适用于评估 4 岁以下西班牙儿童的语言技能。
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引用次数: 0
Scandinavian trade unions’ guidelines regarding nurses’ use of social media: a Fairclough-inspired critical discourse analysis 斯堪的纳维亚工会关于护士使用社交媒体的指导方针:费尔克劳夫启发下的批判性话语分析
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1430685
S. Glasdam, Hongxuan Xu, Ragnhild Gulestø, Selma Glasdam, Sigrid Stjernswärd
Social media provides nurses with tools to share information, debate healthcare policy and practice issues, and engage in interpersonal interactions. Historically, also in Scandinavia, nurses’ trade unions have taken the lead in defining nursing as a profession and supporting nurses in ‘conducting good nursing’. However, it is unexplored how trade unions guide nurses in social media use.To explore the explicitly formulated guidance documents provided by Scandinavian nurses’ trade unions, specifically focusing on how the trade unions guided nurses’ social media use.Trade union guidelines for social media use were searched on the Scandinavian nurses’ organisations’ websites. A textual discourse analysis inspired by Fairclough’s critical approach was conducted. The analysis considered three levels: the social practice level, focusing on connections between the texts and the surrounding society; the discursive practice level, focusing on the processes of production and distribution of the texts; and the textual level, capturing how grammatical formulations and single words work in the (re) construction of social structures.At the social practice level, the trade union documents guiding nurses’ social media uses were embedded in platfomised public communication, laws about confidentiality and data protection, and ethical codes for nurses. At the discursive practice level, the guidelines were constructed to support nurses’ social media uses in adhering to their profession’s ethical principles. The trade unions’ implicit and explicit representations of nurses blurred the distinction between nurses as professionals and nurses as private persons. At the textual level, the guidelines tapped into the potential risks of using social media and how nurses ought to act on social media. Unlike the Danish and Swedish trade unions, the Norwegian trade union did not develop specific guidelines for nurses’ social media use.The guidelines emphasized risks stemming from social media use that did not adhere to the profession’s politically defined guidelines, norms, and values, although nurses’ conditions are already framed by the national legislations and ethical standards. The study advocates for the development of guidelines that support beneficial uses of social media in relation to nurses and the nursing profession.
社交媒体为护士提供了分享信息、讨论医疗政策和实践问题以及参与人际互动的工具。历史上,同样在斯堪的纳维亚半岛,护士工会率先将护理定义为一种职业,并支持护士 "开展良好的护理工作"。为了探索斯堪的纳维亚护士工会提供的明确制定的指导文件,特别关注工会如何指导护士使用社交媒体,我们在斯堪的纳维亚护士组织的网站上搜索了工会的社交媒体使用指南。受费尔克拉夫批判方法的启发,进行了文本话语分析。分析考虑了三个层面:社会实践层面,关注文本与周围社会之间的联系;话语实践层面,关注文本的生产和传播过程;文本层面,捕捉语法表述和单个词语在(重新)构建社会结构中的作用。在社会实践层面,指导护士使用社交媒体的工会文件嵌入了平台化的公共交流、保密和数据保护法律以及护士道德规范。在话语实践层面,指导原则的构建是为了支持护士在使用社交媒体时遵守其职业道德原则。工会对护士的隐性和显性表述模糊了护士作为专业人士和护士作为私人的区别。在文字层面上,指南挖掘了使用社交媒体的潜在风险以及护士在社交媒体上应如何行动。与丹麦和瑞典工会不同的是,挪威工会没有为护士使用社交媒体制定具体的指导方针。指导方针强调了使用社交媒体所带来的风险,这些风险不符合该行业在政治上界定的指导方针、规范和价值观,尽管护士的条件已经被国家立法和道德标准所框定。本研究主张制定相关准则,支持护士和护理行业有益地使用社交媒体。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating discourse markers “you know” and “I mean” in mediatized English political interviews: a corpus-based comparative study 调查媒体化英语政治访谈中的话语标记 "你知道 "和 "我是说":基于语料库的比较研究
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1427062
Yanli Fu, Muhammad Afzaal, D. El-Dakhs
This study employs a corpus-based approach to examine and compare the use of two discourse markers (DMs), “you know” and “I mean”, within the context of two mediatised English political interviews. The analysis encompasses frequencies, functions, co-occurrences, and positional distributions of these DMs. The study utilizes specialized corpora from two political interview programs: CGTN’s The Point with Liu Xin and BBC’s HARDtalk. The frequency analysis reveals that “you know” is statistically more prevalent than “I mean” in both programs, reflecting the spontaneity, interactivity, and need for clarification characteristic of political interviews. Notably, the Chinese interviewer (IR) uses “you know” more extensively, possibly due to a cultural preference for ensuring mutual understanding and engaging the audience, while the British IR employs “I mean” slightly more frequently, likely reflecting a tendency to clarify or reframe statements for precision. Functionally, these DMs serve diverse purposes such as hedging, agreeing, and monitoring across various domains including interpersonal, sequential, and rhetorical. Positional analysis shows “you know” typically appearing medially and “I mean” often in initial positions. These results underscore the distinctive interviewing styles of the two IRs and the pivotal role of these DMs in fulfilling a spectrum of communicative functions. This research offers valuable insights into the interviewer’s perspective in political interviews.
本研究采用基于语料库的方法,研究和比较两个话语标记(DM)"you know "和 "I mean "在两个媒体化英语政治访谈中的使用情况。分析包括这些 DM 的频率、功能、共现率和位置分布。本研究使用了两个政治访谈节目的专门语料库:研究使用了两个政治访谈节目的专业语料库:CGTN 的《观点》(刘昕主持)和 BBC 的《HARDtalk》。频率分析表明,在这两个节目中,"你知道 "在统计上比 "我是说 "更普遍,这反映了政治访谈的自发性、互动性和需要澄清的特点。值得注意的是,中国采访者(IR)使用 "你知道 "的频率更高,这可能与确保相互理解和吸引观众的文化偏好有关,而英国采访者(IR)使用 "我是说 "的频率略高,这可能反映了澄清或重构陈述以求精确的倾向。从功能上看,这些DM具有不同的目的,如对冲、同意和监督等,涉及人际、顺序和修辞等不同领域。位置分析表明,"你知道 "通常出现在中间位置,而 "我是说 "通常出现在初始位置。这些结果凸显了两位 IR 独特的访谈风格,以及这些 DM 在履行一系列交际功能方面的关键作用。这项研究为了解政治访谈中访谈者的视角提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Voices of discomfort: metaphorical conceptualisations of physical pain in Algerian Arabic 不适的声音:阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语中身体疼痛的隐喻概念化
IF 1.5 Q2 COMMUNICATION Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1409580
Ghaleb Rababah, Kaouther Nesba, Sharif Alghazo, Nimer Abusalim, Mohammad Rayyan
This study investigates the metaphorical representations of physical pain amongst Algerian Arabic speakers. To uncover these conceptualisations, an oral Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was administered to 30 Algerian university students. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the data and generate the conceptual metaphors used. Grounded in Kövecses model of metaphorical conceptualisations, this research unveils that Algerian Arabic speakers utilise nine distinct metaphorical conceptualisations when portraying physical pain/discomfort: evaluative metaphors, fire metaphors, sharp object metaphors, container metaphors, animal metaphors, creeping insect metaphors, burden metaphors, swing metaphors, and physical force metaphors. These metaphors are further explicated in light of linguistic and cultural backgrounds to shed light on the intricate weave of metaphors in Algerian Arabic, underscoring their pivotal role in encapsulating physical and emotional experiences. The study recommends further scholarly research into the manifold metaphorical renderings of diverse emotional states across Arab communities.
本研究调查了阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语使用者对身体疼痛的隐喻表述。为了揭示这些概念,研究人员对 30 名阿尔及利亚大学生进行了口头话语完成测试(DCT)。我们采用定性方法对数据进行分析,并得出所使用的概念隐喻。本研究以 Kövecses 的隐喻概念模型为基础,揭示了阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语使用者在描述身体疼痛/不适时使用了九种不同的隐喻概念:评价性隐喻、火隐喻、尖锐物体隐喻、容器隐喻、动物隐喻、爬行昆虫隐喻、负担隐喻、摇摆隐喻和身体力量隐喻。研究根据语言和文化背景对这些隐喻作了进一步阐释,揭示了阿尔及利亚阿拉伯语中隐喻的复杂结构,强调了隐喻在概括身体和情感体验方面的关键作用。本研究建议进一步开展学术研究,探究阿拉伯各族群对不同情感状态的多重隐喻渲染。
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引用次数: 0
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Frontiers in Communication
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