Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献_第10页

Ferroptosis inhibition mitigates glyphosate-induced inflammation and blood–milk barrier disruption in bovine mammary epithelial cells 抑制铁下垂减轻草甘膦诱导的炎症和血乳屏障破坏在牛乳腺上皮细胞。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115904

Fangfang Chen , Boshi Xu , Shihui Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Jinhao Wang , Shuo Li , Shirui Wang , Guanchen Liu , Kexiang Liu , Shuchen Zhao , Jiaying Guo , Lijia Zhao

Glyphosate (GLY), the primary active component in many herbicides, is widely used in agriculture, and it is associated with impaired mammary gland development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its toxicity to mammary epithelial cells remain poorly understood. Ferroptosis, a regulated form of cell death characterized by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a crucial driver of inflammation and barrier dysfunction. In the present study, bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) were used as an in vitro model to investigate the involvement of ferroptosis in GLY-induced cellular injury. GLY exposure increased intracellular ferrous iron (Fe²⁺) accumulation, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and elevated reactive oxygen species levels, all of which are hallmarks of ferroptosis. Furthermore, GLY induced inflammatory responses and downregulated tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-3, ultimately compromising the integrity of the blood–milk barrier. Notably, treatment with the ferroptosis inhibitor Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) attenuated GLY-induced inflammation and barrier disruption significantly. The findings demonstrate that ferroptosis is a key mediator of GLY-induced inflammatory injury and blood–milk barrier dysfunction in mammary epithelial cells, suggesting that ferroptosis is a potential therapeutic target for preventing GLY-associated mammary toxicity.

草甘膦（Glyphosate， GLY）是许多除草剂的主要活性成分，在农业中被广泛使用，它与乳腺发育受损有关。然而，其对乳腺上皮细胞毒性的分子机制尚不清楚。铁死亡是一种以铁超载和过度脂质过氧化为特征的细胞死亡的调节形式，已成为炎症和屏障功能障碍的关键驱动因素。本研究以牛乳腺上皮细胞（MAC-T）为体外模型，探讨铁下垂在gly诱导的细胞损伤中的作用。GLY暴露增加细胞内亚铁（Fe2+）积累，增强脂质过氧化和活性氧水平升高，所有这些都是铁下垂的标志。此外，GLY诱导炎症反应并下调紧密连接蛋白，包括ZO-1、Occludin和Claudin-3，最终损害血乳屏障的完整性。值得注意的是，使用铁下垂抑制剂铁抑素-1 （fer1）治疗可显著减轻gly诱导的炎症和屏障破坏。研究结果表明，铁下垂是gly诱导的乳腺上皮细胞炎症损伤和血乳屏障功能障碍的关键介质，提示铁下垂是预防gly相关乳腺毒性的潜在治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Colorectal cancer initiation by benzo[a]pyrene and N-nitroso compounds in A/J Min/+ mice 苯并[a]芘和n -亚硝基化合物诱发a /J Min/+小鼠结直肠癌

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115902

Silje M. Johanson , Thea H. Kleiven , Lada Ivanova , Oscar D. Rangel-Huerta , Caroline P. Åkesson , Agnieszka A. Niklas , Kit Granby , Erik Ropstad , Jan E. Paulsen , Mette H.B. Müller

Processed meat contains multiple substances with mutagenic properties, but there is limited knowledge about the combined effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitroso compounds (NOCs). This study characterized the carcinogenic potential of single or combined dietary exposure to Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, a PAH) and a mixture of six food-derived NOCs in the A/J Min/+ mouse model for human colorectal cancer. Mice were given diets containing low or high concentrations of BaP and/or NOCs for nine weeks. The concentrations were based on estimated daily intake levels in the European population. A sex-dependent increased CRC initiation was detected after combined exposure to the high doses of BaP and NOCs. No effects were seen on CRC following exposure to the low doses of BaP or NOCs individually or in combination. Targeted plasma metabolomics revealed alterations in cellular membranes, lipid and energy metabolism in mice exposed to the high doses of BaP and NOCs. An alteration of plasma metabolites was also seen in mice exposed to the low dose of BaP, but not in mice exposed to the low dose of NOCs or to the combined low doses of BaP and NOCs. The study highlights the complex interplay between dietary carcinogens.

加工肉类含有多种具有诱变特性的物质，但对多环芳烃（PAHs）和n -亚硝基化合物（NOCs）的综合作用的了解有限。本研究在a /J Min/+小鼠模型中研究了单一或联合饮食暴露于苯并[a]芘（BaP，一种多环芳烃）和六种食物来源NOCs的混合物对人类结直肠癌的致癌潜力。给小鼠喂食含有低或高浓度BaP和/或noc的饮食，为期9周。这些浓度是根据欧洲人口的每日摄入量估计得出的。在联合暴露于高剂量BaP和noc后，检测到性别依赖性的CRC起始增加。单独或联合暴露于低剂量BaP或noc后，未见对结直肠癌的影响。靶向血浆代谢组学揭示了暴露于高剂量BaP和NOCs的小鼠细胞膜、脂质和能量代谢的变化。暴露于低剂量BaP的小鼠血浆代谢物也有改变，但暴露于低剂量NOCs或低剂量BaP和NOCs联合使用的小鼠血浆代谢物没有改变。这项研究强调了饮食致癌物之间复杂的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Decipher the molecular network of PFOA in inflammatory bowel disease through integrating machine learning, molecular docking strategies, and validation in vitro 通过整合机器学习、分子对接策略和体外验证，破译炎症性肠病中PFOA的分子网络。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115898

Gang Chen , Hang Yuan , XiaoPeng Li, Shihui Chen, Xuejun Sun, Junhui Yu

Objective

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA), widely recognized as an enduring environmental pollutant, is associated with immune system disruption and potential cancer-causing effects. Epidemiological findings show that serum power is significantly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the specific mechanisms driving these effects remain poorly understood.

Methods

Possible targets associated with PFOA were obtained from various sources. Transcriptomic data from IBD patients were sourced through GEO. To delve into the binding interactions of PFOA with its target proteins, we employed machine learning techniques, network toxicology approaches, as well as molecular docking strategies.

Results

This study reveals that PFOA has the potential to promote the development of IBD by affecting certain genes and signaling pathways. ABCB1, HSD17B11, PDK2, LCN2, SETD7, and MMP1 were identified as six pivotal genes via machine learning, and molecular docking verified that PFOA has a strong binding affinity with important goals. In validation, we found that the expression of LCN2 is elevated by PFOA in NCM460 and HT29 cells, with higher concentrations leading to a corresponding increase in expression levels.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that PFOA has the potential to promote development of IBD. The results may offer important insights into the advancement of understanding IBD mechanisms associated with PFOA.

目的：全氟辛酸（PFOA）被广泛认为是一种持久的环境污染物，与免疫系统破坏和潜在的致癌作用有关。流行病学调查结果显示，血清功率与炎症性肠病（IBD）显著相关。然而，驱动这些效应的具体机制仍然知之甚少。方法：从各种来源获得与PFOA相关的可能靶点。IBD患者的转录组学数据来自GEO。为了深入研究PFOA与其靶蛋白的结合相互作用，我们采用了机器学习技术、网络毒理学方法以及分子对接策略。结果：本研究提示PFOA可能通过影响某些基因和信号通路促进IBD的发展。通过机器学习鉴定出ABCB1、HSD17B11、PDK2、LCN2、SETD7和MMP1为6个关键基因，分子对接验证了PFOA与重要目标具有较强的结合亲和力。在验证中，我们发现PFOA在NCM-460细胞中升高了LCN2的表达，浓度越高，表达水平也相应增加。结论：本研究表明PFOA具有促进IBD发展的潜力。该结果可能为进一步了解与PFOA相关的IBD机制提供重要见解。

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引用次数: 0

Computational profiling of toxic mixtures associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus development: identification of key protective agents 与2型糖尿病发展相关的有毒混合物的计算分析：关键保护剂的鉴定

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115893

Katarina Baralić , Jovana Jerotijević , Marta Pantelić , Jovana Živanović , Danijela Đukić-Ćosić

The aim of the current research was to assess the association between the exposure to plastic-related chemicals and toxic metals with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus using an in silico approach, while also exploring the protective potential of antioxidant vitamins and phytochemicals, including Vitamin C, Vitamin E, sulforaphane, resveratrol, curcumin, naringin, and quercetin. CTD database, GeneMANIA server, and Toppgene portal were used as the main in silico tools in this study. Six common genes (BAX, CASP3, CAT, IL6, SOD1, TNF) were identified for all toxic substances, indicating potential shared mechanisms of toxicity (apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress). Additionally, phthalates and bisphenols affected cell growth, lipid and energy metabolism, and vascular functions, while toxic metals were linked to apoptosis regulation, DNA repair, insulin regulation, and glucose uptake. All tested protective substances, except naringin, affected all six common genes for all toxic substances, with vitamin C, vitamin E, and sulforaphane showing the most consistent protective effects. This study highlights the complex mechanisms in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis induced by toxic substances and provides a foundation for further research on the preventive effects of tested protective substances, emphasizing their varying protective potentials depending on the toxic compounds.

目前研究的目的是利用计算机方法评估接触塑料相关化学物质和有毒金属与2型糖尿病发展之间的关系，同时也探索抗氧化维生素和植物化学物质的保护潜力，包括维生素C、维生素E、萝卜硫素、白藜芦醇、姜黄素、柚皮素和槲皮素。本研究采用CTD数据库、GeneMANIA服务器和Toppgene门户作为主要的计算机工具。所有毒性物质均鉴定出6个共同基因（BAX、CASP3、CAT、IL6、SOD1、TNF），提示潜在的共同毒性机制（凋亡、炎症、氧化应激）。此外，邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚类物质影响细胞生长、脂质和能量代谢以及血管功能，而有毒金属与细胞凋亡调节、DNA修复、胰岛素调节和葡萄糖摄取有关。除柚皮苷外，所有测试的保护物质对所有有毒物质的所有六种常见基因都有影响，其中维生素C、维生素E和萝卜硫素显示出最一致的保护作用。本研究强调了毒性物质诱导2型糖尿病发病的复杂机制，为进一步研究所检测的保护物质的预防作用奠定了基础，并强调了它们的保护潜力随毒性物质的不同而不同。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of single binge alcohol consumption on alcohol-naïve and -exposed drinking mouse models 单次狂饮酒精对alcohol-naïve和暴露饮酒小鼠模型的影响。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115899

Nidal A. Qinna , Bayan Y. Ghanim , Duaa Abuarqoub , Qasem Abdallah , Malak Jaber , Mohammad AlNatoor , Duaa Sabbah , Bayan Alkhawaja , Dong-Hyun Kim

Binge alcohol exposure is underestimated compared to chronic intake, particularly in young or alcohol-naïve individuals. This study investigates the effects of single binge drinking, on both alcohol-naïve and alcohol-dependent drinking subjects. C57BL/6J mice received a binge ethanol dose (6 g/kg body weight; 40 % ethanol(v/v)), and subsequent haematological, hepatic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic changes were analyzed. In naïve mice, binge alcohol elevated serum AST levels, indicating acute liver injury. In ethanol-dependent mice (20 g/kg/day; 6 % ethanol(v/v)), single binge episode altered haematological parameters and affected liver-to-body weight ratios. Both naïve and previously exposed animals showed downregulation of hepatic ADH1, Cat, and antioxidant enzyme SOD expression. Liver ROS was triggered across alcohol-drinking groups, more pronounced in binge-treated mice. Additionally, ethanol exposure induced lipid accumulation and ROS generation in liver tissue, upregulated lipogenic and downregulated fatty acid oxidation genes—effects exacerbated in previously exposed animals. Metabolomic analysis revealed alterations in amino acid and energy metabolism pathways following binge exposure. These findings can confirm the hazard of binge drinking on both previously exposed “alcohol-consumers” and “naïve-drinkers”. Moreover, it highlights severe physiological disruptions caused by a single binge episode and the necessity for deeper experimental and clinical exploration of binge drinking, given its prevalence for long-term health consequences.

与长期饮酒相比，酗酒暴露被低估了，尤其是在年轻人或alcohol-naïve人群中。这项研究调查了单身狂饮对alcohol-naïve和酒精依赖者的影响。C57BL/6J小鼠接受暴饮乙醇剂量（6 g/kg体重；40%乙醇（v/v）），并分析随后的血液学，肝脏，转录组学和代谢组学变化。在naïve小鼠中，狂饮酒精升高血清AST水平，表明急性肝损伤。在酒精依赖小鼠（20 g/kg/天；6%乙醇（v/v））中，单次暴饮改变了血液学参数并影响了肝脏与体重的比率。naïve和先前暴露的动物均显示肝脏ADH1、Cat和抗氧化酶SOD表达下调。肝脏ROS在饮酒组中被触发，在狂饮小鼠中更为明显。此外，乙醇暴露诱导肝组织脂质积累和ROS生成，在先前暴露的动物中，脂肪生成上调和脂肪酸氧化基因下调的影响加剧。代谢组学分析揭示了暴饮暴食后氨基酸和能量代谢途径的改变。这些发现可以证实，酗酒对之前接触过酒精的“酒精消费者”和“naïve-drinkers”都有危害。此外，它强调了单次暴饮引起的严重生理破坏，以及对暴饮进行更深入的实验和临床探索的必要性，考虑到它对长期健康后果的普遍性。

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引用次数: 0

Subchronic 90-days toxicity profile of Salicornia ramosissima extract in rats 海角草提取物对大鼠的亚慢性90天毒性分析

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115890

Marina Romero-Bernal , Ángela González-Díaz , Maria Tripodi , Alba Zheli Álvarez , Jara Rodríguez , David Núñez-Jurado , María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea , Ana I. Prieto , Leticia Diez-Quijada , Irene Cantarero , Carmen del Río , Joan Montaner

Salicornia ramosissima, a halophytic plant rich in bioactive compounds, has gained attention for its potential health benefits. However, its long-term safety profile remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the subchronic 90-day toxicity of S. ramosissima extract in Wistar rats. Animals received daily oral doses of 100, 500 or 1.000 mg/kg/day of the extract or placebo, and key physiological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were assessed. Results indicated no significant adverse effects on body weight, food and water intake, or organ weights. Hematological and biochemical analyses revealed no major toxicological concerns. Histopathological examination did not indicate any extract-induced lesions in any of the examined organs, which included gastrointestinal, respiratory, lymphoid, urinary, nervous, circulatory and reproductive systems. Complementary assays demonstrated absence of developmental toxicity in Drosophila melanogaster and no mutagenic activity in the Ames test. Overall, these results indicate that subchronic administration of S. ramosissima extract is well tolerated in rats and does not elicit genotoxic or developmental toxicity, supporting its potential safe use as a functional food or nutraceutical ingredient.

盐角草（Salicornia ramosissima）是一种富含生物活性化合物的盐生植物，因其潜在的健康益处而受到关注。然而，其长期安全性仍有待进一步研究。本研究旨在评价拉莫西米提取物对Wistar大鼠的亚慢性90天毒性。动物每天口服100、500或1.000 mg/kg/天的提取物或安慰剂，并评估关键的生理、生化和组织病理学参数。结果显示，对体重、食物和水的摄入量或器官重量没有明显的不良影响。血液学和生化分析显示没有主要的毒理学问题。组织病理学检查未发现任何被检查器官有提取物引起的病变，包括胃肠道、呼吸系统、淋巴系统、泌尿系统、神经系统、循环系统和生殖系统。补充试验表明，黑腹果蝇没有发育毒性，Ames试验也没有致突变活性。总的来说，这些结果表明，大鼠对亚慢性给药的拉莫西马提取物耐受良好，不会引起遗传毒性或发育毒性，支持其作为功能性食品或营养保健成分的潜在安全使用。

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引用次数: 0

Aspartame promotes ovarian cancer progression: A multi-omics study integrating mendelian randomization, network toxicology, and in vitro validation 阿斯巴甜促进卵巢癌进展：一项整合孟德尔随机化、网络毒理学和体外验证的多组学研究。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115901

Qingquan Gong , Dingyu Liang , Yongjin Luo , Chao Yang , Yihua Yang , Shujie Zhang

The causal relationship between the artificial sweetener aspartame and ovarian cancer (OC), a highly lethal malignancy, remains unclear. This study, therefore, employed a multi-omics approach to investigate this causal link and its potential mechanisms. First, a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis indicated that genetically predicted aspartame intake is associated with an increased risk of OC (OR = 2.10, 95 % CI: 1.06–4.18). Next, by integrating network toxicology with machine learning algorithms (LASSO, SVM, and Random Forest), we identified AURKA, CCND1, and RAD51 as potential core target genes. Further validation using multi-omics data from bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that these three genes are upregulated in OC tissues. A subsequent MR analysis also provided causal evidence that high expression of CCND1 increases the risk of OC. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations showed that aspartame could form stable bonds with all three target proteins. Finally, in vitro experiments demonstrated that aspartame significantly promoted the malignant phenotypes of OC cells and regulated the expression of these core genes. In conclusion, this study suggests that aspartame may promote ovarian cancer development, potentially by upregulating the expression of key genes such as AURKA, CCND1, and RAD51. These findings provide new evidence for evaluating the safety of aspartame.

人工甜味剂阿斯巴甜与卵巢癌（一种高度致命的恶性肿瘤）之间的因果关系尚不清楚。因此，本研究采用多组学方法来研究这种因果关系及其潜在机制。首先，孟德尔随机化（MR）分析表明，基因预测的阿斯巴甜摄入量与OC风险增加相关（OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.06-4.18）。接下来，通过将网络毒理学与机器学习算法（LASSO、SVM和Random Forest）相结合，我们确定了AURKA、CCND1和RAD51作为潜在的核心靶基因。通过大量和单细胞RNA测序的多组学数据进一步验证，证实这三个基因在OC组织中上调。随后的MR分析也提供了因果证据，表明CCND1的高表达增加了OC的风险。此外，分子对接模拟表明，阿斯巴甜可以与所有三种靶蛋白形成稳定的键。最后，体外实验表明，阿斯巴甜显著促进OC细胞的恶性表型，并调节这些核心基因的表达。综上所述，本研究提示阿斯巴甜可能通过上调AURKA、CCND1和RAD51等关键基因的表达来促进卵巢癌的发展。这些发现为评价阿斯巴甜的安全性提供了新的依据。

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引用次数: 0

Health risks associated with the consumption of shrimp and squid contaminated with heavy metals in Poland 波兰与食用受重金属污染的虾和鱿鱼有关的健康风险。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115897

Jolanta Charchuła , Grzegorz Dziubanek , Danuta Rogala , Anna Niesler

Seafood may accumulate heavy metals (HMs) from environmental sources, posing potential health risks through dietary intake. This study aimed to assess the health risk associated with dietary intake of Hg, Cd, As and Zn from selected seafood available in Poland. In this study, a total 51 samples of shrimp and squid were analysed. The metals content was determined using such analytical methods as ET-AAS with a graphite furnace in the case of Cd, ICP-OES in the case of As and Zn, and CV-AFS in the case of Hg. The mean content of Cd and Zn were found to be 0.25 and 16.94 mg/kg f. w., respectively. In the case of Hg and As, these metals were detected at concentrations of 0.023 and 11.71 mg/kg f. w. The number of samples exhibiting results higher than the LOQ for Cd, As, Zn and Hg were found to be 24, 1, 50 and 1, respectively. The heavy metals content generally did not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations. Elevated content of Cd were detected in a single shrimp sample. The HI exceeded 1 among adults and children, with arsenic in shrimp identified as the predominant contributor. The ingestion of As from highest contaminated shrimp sample has been associated an elevated cancer risk among adult (2.33 × 10–3) and children (5.44 × 10–3). The findings of this study indicate that, in order to ensure the health safety of consumers, it is necessary to undertake more effective monitoring of the HMs content in seafood available in the Polish market.

海产品可能从环境来源积累重金属，通过饮食摄入构成潜在的健康风险。本研究旨在评估从波兰选定的海产品中摄入汞、镉、砷和锌的相关健康风险。本研究共分析了51份虾和鱿鱼样本。采用石墨炉ET-AAS法测定Cd， ICP-OES法测定as和Zn， CV-AFS法测定Hg，其中Cd和Zn的平均含量分别为0.25和16.94 mg/kg f.w。Hg和As的检测浓度分别为0.023和11.71 mg/kg f.w。Cd、As、Zn和Hg的检测结果高于定量限的样品数量分别为24、1、50和1。重金属含量一般不超过最大允许浓度。在单个虾样品中检测到镉含量升高。成人和儿童的HI均超过1，其中虾类中的砷是主要贡献者。从污染最严重的虾样本中摄入砷与成人（2.33×10-3）和儿童（5.44×10-3）的癌症风险升高有关。本研究结果表明，为了确保消费者的健康安全，有必要对波兰市场上出售的海产品中的HMs含量进行更有效的监测。

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引用次数: 0

FEMA GRAS assessment of natural flavor complexes: Pepper, ginger, coniferous-derived and related flavoring ingredients 天然风味复合物的FEMA GRAS评估：胡椒、姜、针叶树衍生及相关调味成分。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115849

Stephen S. Hecht , Samuel M. Cohen , Gerhard Eisenbrand , Shoji Fukushima , Nigel J. Gooderham , F. Peter Guengerich , Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens , Thomas J. Rosol , Jeanne M. Davidsen , Christie L. Harman , Sean V. Taylor

As part of the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's (FEMA) program to evaluate the safety of flavor ingredients, this publication, thirteenth in the series, details the re-evaluation of natural flavor complexes (NFCs) whose constituent profiles are characterized by mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The Panel's constituent-based safety evaluation procedure parses the identified constituents of each NFC into well-defined congeneric groups. For each congeneric group, an evaluation based on the estimated intake is conducted using the conservative Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach and a review of available data on absorption, metabolism and toxicity, including genotoxicity, for identified constituents and the NFCs, is conducted. The scope of the safety evaluation of the NFCs contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Thirty-five NFCs, derived from the Angelica, Abies, Cananga, Croton, Apium, Canarium, Erigeron, Ferula, Zingiber, Humulus, Juniperus, Cistus, Commiphora, Boswellia, Piper, Pinus and Schinus genera were determined/affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavoring ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.

作为香料和提取物制造商协会（FEMA）评估香料成分安全性计划的专家小组的一部分，本出版物是该系列的第十三篇，详细介绍了以单萜和倍半萜烃为特征的天然香料复合物（nfc）的重新评估。专家小组基于成分的安全性评估程序将每个NFC的已识别成分解析为定义良好的同类组。对于每一个同类组，采用保守的毒理学关注阈值（TTC）方法，根据估计摄入量进行评估，并对已确定成分和nfc的吸收、代谢和毒性（包括遗传毒性）的现有数据进行审查。本文所包含的nfc安全性评估的范围不包括在膳食补充剂或食品以外的任何产品中的添加使用。基于对每种NFC及其成分及其同源类群的评估，35种NFC在其预期使用条件下被确定/确认为一般公认安全（GRAS），这些NFC来自当归、冷杉、甘南、巴豆、Apium、Canarium、Erigeron、阿弗拉、生姜、葎草、杜松、山茱萸、Commiphora、Boswellia、Piper、Pinus和Schinus属。

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引用次数: 0

Multiple approaches revealed ImKC cells as a RAW 264.7 derivative rather than a Kupffer cell line 多种方法显示ImKC细胞是RAW 264.7的衍生物，而不是Kupffer细胞系。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115900

Ting Shao, Yue-Lei Chen

Immortalized cell lines function as invaluable tools in life science and preclinical studies. Poor laboratory practices can lead to cell line misidentification, cross-contamination, and mislabelling, resulting in invalid, misleading, and unrepeatable results. The issue of nonhuman-derived cell misidentification was once discovered timely, but it received less attention than the misidentification of human cells. Consequently, problematic murine cell lines still appear frequently in the literature. For instance, ImKC cells have been applied as a mouse Kupffer cell line in the last decade. In this report, we revealed that the ImKC cell line was a RAW 264.7 derivative through STR analysis, and further determined that it was not an SV40-transformed cell line by PCR and western blotting assays. Moreover, we outlined the relevant publications using the ImKC cell line. This study aims to prevent further researchers from employing the problematic cell line in their studies.

永生化细胞系是生命科学和临床前研究的宝贵工具。不良的实验室操作可能导致细胞系错误鉴定、交叉污染和错误标记，从而导致无效、误导和不可重复的结果。非人源性细胞的错误鉴定问题虽然被及时发现，但受到的关注却不及人源性细胞的错误鉴定。因此，有问题的小鼠细胞系仍然经常出现在文献中。例如，在过去十年中，ImKC细胞已被应用于小鼠Kupffer细胞系。在本报告中，我们通过STR分析发现ImKC细胞系为RAW 264.7衍生物，并通过PCR和western blotting进一步确定其不是sv40转化细胞系。此外，我们概述了使用ImKC细胞系的相关出版物。这项研究旨在防止进一步的研究人员在他们的研究中使用有问题的细胞系。

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