Food and Chemical Toxicology最新文献

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Synergistic ameliorating effect of dithiophenolate chitosan nanoparticle and Solanum nigrum combination against lead-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115290

Bahira H. Emam , Nadia Z. Shaban , Amira Zaky , Mohammad A. AbdulKader , Shaban Y. Shaban , Nourhan M. Kolaib , Noha H. Habashy

Lead (Pb) toxicity is one of the most common causes of human cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the therapeutic role of Solanum nigrum extract (SNE) and dithiophenolate-chitosan nanoparticle (DTP-CSNP) on Pb-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, and the results were compared with the dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, reference drug). Additionally, the combination effect of SNE and DTP-CSNP against Pb-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed. The study focused on the determination of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and cardiotherapeutic functions of SNE (375 mg/kg), DTP-CSNP (20 and 40 mg/kg), and their combination (SNE + DTP₄₀). The characterization of SNE and DTP-CSNP was studied. The results showed that SNE contains phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and minerals, which may play an important role in its therapeutic effect. SNE, DTP₂₀, and DTP₄₀ exhibited a therapeutic impact against cardiotoxicity by reducing Pb levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Moreover, they regulated the abnormal levels of cardiac biomarkers induced by Pb toxicity. DTP-CSNP showed a superior therapeutic effect to DMSA, and the SNE + DTP₄₀ combination displayed a synergistic anti-cardiotoxic effect (combination index < 1). These results were in harmony with heart histopathology. Thus, the combination of both SNE and DTP-CSNP has powerful efficacy in the treatment of cardiotoxicity and can be a good alternative to DMSA.

{"title":"Synergistic ameliorating effect of dithiophenolate chitosan nanoparticle and Solanum nigrum combination against lead-induced cardiotoxicity in rats","authors":"Bahira H. Emam , Nadia Z. Shaban , Amira Zaky , Mohammad A. AbdulKader , Shaban Y. Shaban , Nourhan M. Kolaib , Noha H. Habashy","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lead (Pb) toxicity is one of the most common causes of human cardiotoxicity. We evaluated the therapeutic role of <em>Solanum nigrum</em> extract (SNE) and dithiophenolate-chitosan nanoparticle (DTP-CSNP) on Pb-induced cardiotoxicity in rats, and the results were compared with the dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA, reference drug). Additionally, the combination effect of SNE and DTP-CSNP against Pb-induced cardiotoxicity was assessed. The study focused on the determination of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and cardiotherapeutic functions of SNE (375 mg/kg), DTP-CSNP (20 and 40 mg/kg), and their combination (SNE + DTP<sub>40</sub>). The characterization of SNE and DTP-CSNP was studied. The results showed that SNE contains phenolics, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and minerals, which may play an important role in its therapeutic effect. SNE, DTP<sub>20</sub>, and DTP<sub>40</sub> exhibited a therapeutic impact against cardiotoxicity by reducing Pb levels, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. Moreover, they regulated the abnormal levels of cardiac biomarkers induced by Pb toxicity. DTP-CSNP showed a superior therapeutic effect to DMSA, and the SNE + DTP<sub>40</sub> combination displayed a synergistic anti-cardiotoxic effect (combination index < 1). These results were in harmony with heart histopathology. Thus, the combination of both SNE and DTP-CSNP has powerful efficacy in the treatment of cardiotoxicity and can be a good alternative to DMSA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 115290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143078163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, nonanal, CAS registry number 124-19-6

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115287

A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , M. Lavelle , I. Lee , H. Moustakas , Y. Tokura

引用次数: 0

The protective effect of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) oil on a male rat model of reproductive disorders induced by cigarette smoke

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115289

Haoyu Wang , Yunshu Ye , Jiayuan Xu , Xinyu Xu , Panpan Zhang , Yizhen Suo , Yuhong Zhang

Cigarette smoke contains many harmful components that can damage the blood-testis barrier, cause changes in testicular tissue structure, and directly or indirectly affect sperm production. Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is an underground tuber of a perennial herbaceous plant, and its extract has been shown to have antioxidant properties and the potential to improve male reproductive function.

In view of the above, this experiment was designed to investigate the fatty acid composition of tiger nut oil and its protective effect as a daily dietary supplement against cigarette smoke-induced reproductive damage in male rats. By establishing a rat reproductive toxicity model and administering different doses of tiger nut oil by gavage, the protective effect of tiger nut oil on reproductive damage in rats was evaluated. Daily status and signs of the rats were analyzed, serum levels of key hormones were measured, oxidative stress markers and testicular tissue sections were measured, and the results were statistically analysed using Principal Component Analysis. The experimental results indicate that daily consumption of tiger nut oil can improve the reproductive system function in male rats, stabilise related hormone levels and enhance antioxidant capacity.

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引用次数: 0

Nephroprotective potential of robinin to counteract aldicarb induced renal dysfunction via modulating TLR4/MyD88, HMGB1/RAGE, NF-κB pathway: A biochemical and pharmacodynamic approach 罗宾素通过调节 TLR4/MyD88、HMGBI/RAGE、NF-κB 途径对抗涕灭威诱导的肾功能障碍的肾保护潜力：生化和药效学方法。

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115298

Ning Li , Fuad M. Alzahrani , Mahmoud El Safadi , Sunbal Attaullah , Khalid J. Alzahrani , Faez Falah Alshehri , Arifa Mehreen , Tawaf Ali Shah

The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of robinin (RBN) to avert aldicarb (ALD) induced renal impairments. Thirty-two adult albino rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into four groups including control, ALD (15 mgkg^-1), ALD (15 mgkg^-1) + RBN (6 mgkg^-1) and RBN (6 mgkg^-1) alone treated group. The results of the current study demonstrated that ALD intoxication increased the gene expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, activities of HO-1, GSH, GPx, SOD, GSR, and CAT were suppressed while the levels of ROS and MDA were escalated following the ALD exposure. ALD intoxication upregulated the levels of cystatin C, KIM-1, creatinine, NAG, uric acid, urea, NGAL and BUN while reducing the levels of creatinine clearance in renal tissues. The levels of Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were elevated while the levels of Bcl-2 were reduced after ALD administration. Histopathological analysis showed ALD disrupted the normal architecture of renal tissues. However, RBN therapy substantially protected the renal tissues owing to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential.

{"title":"Nephroprotective potential of robinin to counteract aldicarb induced renal dysfunction via modulating TLR4/MyD88, HMGB1/RAGE, NF-κB pathway: A biochemical and pharmacodynamic approach","authors":"Ning Li , Fuad M. Alzahrani , Mahmoud El Safadi , Sunbal Attaullah , Khalid J. Alzahrani , Faez Falah Alshehri , Arifa Mehreen , Tawaf Ali Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current investigation was conducted to evaluate the nephroprotective potential of robinin (RBN) to avert aldicarb (ALD) induced renal impairments. Thirty-two adult albino rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into four groups including control, ALD (15 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>), ALD (15 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) + RBN (6 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) and RBN (6 mgkg<sup>-1</sup>) alone treated group. The results of the current study demonstrated that ALD intoxication increased the gene expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), high mobility group box1 (HMGB1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, activities of HO-1, GSH, GPx, SOD, GSR, and CAT were suppressed while the levels of ROS and MDA were escalated following the ALD exposure. ALD intoxication upregulated the levels of cystatin C, KIM-1, creatinine, NAG, uric acid, urea, NGAL and BUN while reducing the levels of creatinine clearance in renal tissues. The levels of Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were elevated while the levels of Bcl-2 were reduced after ALD administration. Histopathological analysis showed ALD disrupted the normal architecture of renal tissues. However, RBN therapy substantially protected the renal tissues owing to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 115298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, 8-undecenal, CAS registry number 58296-81-4

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115285

A.M. Api , A. Bartlett , D. Belsito , D. Botelho , M. Bruze , A. Bryant-Friedrich , G.A. Burton Jr. , M.A. Cancellieri , H. Chon , M. Cronin , S. Crotty , M.L. Dagli , W. Dekant , C. Deodhar , K. Farrell , A.D. Fryer , L. Jones , K. Joshi , A. Lapczynski , D.L. Laskin , Y. Thakkar

引用次数: 0

Acrylamide exposure in workplace cafeterias: Impact of consumer choices

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115302

Cristina Delgado-Andrade , Lucía González-Mulero , Francisco J. Morales, Marta Mesías

Eating in workplace cafeterias is a common part of the workday. While nutritional profiles of these menus are often evaluated, exposure to chemical process contaminants like acrylamide receives little attention. This study assessed acrylamide exposure from lunches in two Spanish workplace cafeterias using the duplicate diet method, considering both lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) scenarios. Over two weeks, 146 food items were collected from lunch menus, covering combinations of first and second courses, dessert and bread. Potato-based dishes had the highest acrylamide levels (233 μg/kg), followed by stewed lentils (150 μg/kg) and stewed salmon with vegetables (109 μg/kg), while other meals showed lower levels (16–75 μg/kg). Daily acrylamide exposure ranged between 0 and 1.04 μg/kg body weight (bw)/day for women and 0–0.85 μg/kg bw/day for men. Cafeteria-1 offered varied menu combinations, allowing zero acrylamide exposure, while cafeteria-2 had less flexibility. The margin of exposure (MOE) values for neoplastic effects varied from 1221 to 165 (LB) and from 2609 to 163 (UB), suggesting potential health concern. While workplace menus generally comply with nutritional guidelines, consumer choices critically influence acrylamide exposure. Educating consumers on safer food choices and training food handlers to reduce acrylamide in meal preparation are key to mitigating health risks.

在工作场所的自助餐厅用餐是工作日的常见内容。虽然经常对这些菜单的营养成分进行评估，但像丙烯酰胺这样的化学加工污染物却很少受到关注。这项研究采用重复饮食法，同时考虑下限 (LB) 和上限 (UB) 两种情况，评估了两个西班牙工作场所自助餐厅午餐中丙烯酰胺的摄入量。在两周的时间里，从午餐菜单中收集了 146 种食物，包括第一道菜、第二道菜、甜点和面包。马铃薯类菜肴的丙烯酰胺含量最高（每公斤 233 微克），其次是炖扁豆（每公斤 150 微克）和炖三文鱼配蔬菜（每公斤 109 微克），而其他菜肴的丙烯酰胺含量较低（每公斤 16-75 微克）。女性的丙烯酰胺日摄入量为 0-1.04 微克/公斤体重/天，男性为 0-0.85 微克/公斤体重/天。1 号自助餐厅提供多种菜单组合，可实现零丙烯酰胺摄入量，而 2 号自助餐厅的灵活性较低。肿瘤影响的暴露限值（MOE）从 1221 到 165（LB）不等，从 2609 到 163（UB）不等，表明可能存在健康问题。虽然工作场所的菜单一般都符合营养指南，但消费者的选择对丙烯酰胺的摄入量有着至关重要的影响。教育消费者选择更安全的食物，并培训食品处理人员在配餐过程中减少丙烯酰胺的摄入量，是降低健康风险的关键。

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引用次数: 0

Safety Assessment of S-Acetyl Glutathione for Use in Foods and Dietary Supplements.

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115279

Christophe Camillerapp, David B Mayfield, Sabitha Papineni, Antoine Leroux, Jean-François Jeanne

S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor used as a food or dietary ingredient in a bioavailable form to restore or maintain circulating glutathione (GSH) levels. GSH is a potent defense compound against oxidative stress and a key determinant of many other physiological functions. The safety of SAG supplementation was assessed in an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, an in vitro micronucleus test, an acute oral toxicity study, and a repeated dose (13 week) toxicity study. The in vitro assays did not reveal any genotoxic or mutagenic activity. No mortality or morbidity resulted from the acute oral toxicity study (LD₅₀ > 2,000 mg/kg). Administration of SAG over 13 weeks was well tolerated and did not result in any neurobehavioral alterations or effects on locomotor activity, ophthalmology, hematology, coagulation, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, thyroid hormones or the male reproductive system. Mild increases noted in liver, kidney and spleen weights were non-adverse and within historical control ranges, and no treatment-related gross or histopathology findings were observed in any organs. As a result, the NOAEL was determined to be 1500 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested. Therefore, the results of these toxicological studies support the safe use of SAG in foods or dietary supplements.

{"title":"Safety Assessment of S-Acetyl Glutathione for Use in Foods and Dietary Supplements.","authors":"Christophe Camillerapp, David B Mayfield, Sabitha Papineni, Antoine Leroux, Jean-François Jeanne","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2025.115279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>S-Acetyl Glutathione (SAG) is a glutathione precursor used as a food or dietary ingredient in a bioavailable form to restore or maintain circulating glutathione (GSH) levels. GSH is a potent defense compound against oxidative stress and a key determinant of many other physiological functions. The safety of SAG supplementation was assessed in an in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, an in vitro micronucleus test, an acute oral toxicity study, and a repeated dose (13 week) toxicity study. The in vitro assays did not reveal any genotoxic or mutagenic activity. No mortality or morbidity resulted from the acute oral toxicity study (LD<sub>50</sub> > 2,000 mg/kg). Administration of SAG over 13 weeks was well tolerated and did not result in any neurobehavioral alterations or effects on locomotor activity, ophthalmology, hematology, coagulation, blood biochemistry, urinalysis, thyroid hormones or the male reproductive system. Mild increases noted in liver, kidney and spleen weights were non-adverse and within historical control ranges, and no treatment-related gross or histopathology findings were observed in any organs. As a result, the NOAEL was determined to be 1500 mg/kg/day, the highest dose tested. Therefore, the results of these toxicological studies support the safe use of SAG in foods or dietary supplements.</p>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":" ","pages":"115279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, isoamyl formate, CAS Registry Number 110-45-2

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115288

引用次数: 0

Piceatannol upregulates USP14-mediated GPX4 deubiquitination to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115281

Qiuju Zhao , Xinya Wang , Taiyu Zhang , Shuxian Guo , Xiaojia Liu , Shihao Wan , Yani Guo , Qiannuo Zhang , Jinshui Li , Shaohua Wang , Liuyi Dong

Ischemic stroke is a very common brain disorder. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effects of piceatannol (PCT) in preventing neuronal injury resulting from cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms through which PCT inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by modulating the USP14/GPX4 signaling axis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to simulate ischemic injury in neuronal cells. We utilized various techniques, including DCFH-DA staining, FeRhoNox-1 staining, MDA and GSH determination, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, plasmid and siRNA transfection, to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PCT and elucidate its mechanism of action. For vivo studies, we established a mouse model of I/R by ligating the bilateral common carotid arteries. The efficacy of PCT in mitigating brain injury and cognitive dysfunction were assessed through behavioral tests, histological analysis, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. PCT treatment significantly enhanced cell viability under OGD/R and reduced lipid peroxidation by decreasing levels of ROS, MDA. Furthermore, PCT effectively inhibited neuronal ferroptosis by modulating the expression of key ferroptosis-related proteins, including GPX4, ACSL4, FPN1, and Ferritin. Mechanistically, PCT was found to prevent GPX4 degradation through USP14-mediated deubiquitination. Notably, silencing USP14 reversed the ferroptotic effects of PCT, whereas overexpressing of USP14 amplified these effects. In vivo, PCT significantly reduced pathological damage of brain tissue and improved cognitive dysfunction. Piceatannol exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating ferroptosis through the USP14/GPX4 axis, thereby preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

{"title":"Piceatannol upregulates USP14-mediated GPX4 deubiquitination to inhibit neuronal ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in mice","authors":"Qiuju Zhao , Xinya Wang , Taiyu Zhang , Shuxian Guo , Xiaojia Liu , Shihao Wan , Yani Guo , Qiannuo Zhang , Jinshui Li , Shaohua Wang , Liuyi Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.fct.2025.115281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ischemic stroke is a very common brain disorder. This study aims to assess the neuroprotective effects of piceatannol (PCT) in preventing neuronal injury resulting from cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) in mice. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms through which PCT inhibits neuronal ferroptosis by modulating the USP14/GPX4 signaling axis. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted. In vitro, oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) was used to simulate ischemic injury in neuronal cells. We utilized various techniques, including DCFH-DA staining, FeRhoNox-1 staining, MDA and GSH determination, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, plasmid and siRNA transfection, to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of PCT and elucidate its mechanism of action. For vivo studies, we established a mouse model of I/R by ligating the bilateral common carotid arteries. The efficacy of PCT in mitigating brain injury and cognitive dysfunction were assessed through behavioral tests, histological analysis, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. PCT treatment significantly enhanced cell viability under OGD/R and reduced lipid peroxidation by decreasing levels of ROS, MDA. Furthermore, PCT effectively inhibited neuronal ferroptosis by modulating the expression of key ferroptosis-related proteins, including GPX4, ACSL4, FPN1, and Ferritin. Mechanistically, PCT was found to prevent GPX4 degradation through USP14-mediated deubiquitination. Notably, silencing USP14 reversed the ferroptotic effects of PCT, whereas overexpressing of USP14 amplified these effects. In vivo, PCT significantly reduced pathological damage of brain tissue and improved cognitive dysfunction. Piceatannol exerts neuroprotective effects by regulating ferroptosis through the USP14/GPX4 axis, thereby preventing cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":317,"journal":{"name":"Food and Chemical Toxicology","volume":"197 ","pages":"Article 115281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, linalyl isovalerate, CAS Registry Number 1118-27-0

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology

Pub Date : 2025-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2025.115278

引用次数: 0

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数据库

全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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