Heba Shebl, E. Metry, M. Rashed, M. A. Abd El-Hafiez, I. Ismail
Potato late blight is a pandemic disease caused by the highly virulent (Phytophthora infestans) fungus. The regeneration capacity was done among three tested potato cultivars (Spunta, Diamont and Desiree). Two different types of explants (inter-node and leaf) were cultured for calli induction and plant regeneration .The highest value of leaf explants was for Desiree cultivar (80%), which induced from developed callus in the 2,4-D medium. The best value of maximum shoot regeneration was also for Desiree cultivar in the BA, IAA and GA3 media from leaf which proved to be more effective. Then cloning of glucanase gene in pRI plasmid which carrying kanamycin resistance (nptII) gene was perfomed and followed by transformation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain which used for plant transfection. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of transformed Agrobacterium were analyzed. The putative transgenic plantlets genomes and cDNA of the isolated RNA for glucanase gene.
{"title":"TRANSFER OF GLUCANASE GENE TO RESIST LATE BLIGHT DISEASE IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)","authors":"Heba Shebl, E. Metry, M. Rashed, M. A. Abd El-Hafiez, I. Ismail","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9208","url":null,"abstract":"Potato late blight is a pandemic disease caused by the highly virulent (Phytophthora infestans) fungus. The regeneration capacity was done among three tested potato cultivars (Spunta, Diamont and Desiree). Two different types of explants (inter-node and leaf) were cultured for calli induction and plant regeneration .The highest value of leaf explants was for Desiree cultivar (80%), which induced from developed callus in the 2,4-D medium. The best value of maximum shoot regeneration was also for Desiree cultivar in the BA, IAA and GA3 media from leaf which proved to be more effective. Then cloning of glucanase gene in pRI plasmid which carrying kanamycin resistance (nptII) gene was perfomed and followed by transformation in Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 strain which used for plant transfection. Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of transformed Agrobacterium were analyzed. The putative transgenic plantlets genomes and cDNA of the isolated RNA for glucanase gene.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41373341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. B. Morsy, F. Abdel-Tawab, E. Fahmy, H. Eissa, S. Hassanein
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a major regulatory role in post translation regulation either by translation inhibition or mRNA cleavage. Recent studies proved that miRNAs have a regulatory role in both abiotic and biotic stress in plants. In our study, we measure the expression profile of 10 known abiotic stress miRNAs in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), under drought stress in the seedling stage. Significant upregulation was observed with osa_miR319a-3p.2-3, miR5048, gmamiR5783, hci-miR156a, bdi-miR159b-3p, zma-miR164g-3, ssl-miR398 and ptcmiR482c- 5p. Among these, hci-miR156a, and osa-miR319a-3p.2-3 showed downregulation after 12 h compared to 2 h treatment. Only osa-miR172b was downregulated. This variant and dynamic expression patterns is good evidence and certain indicator of miRNA correlation to drought tolerance mechanisms present in wheat. This is the first data that provides accurate measurement of some drought related miRNA in wheat in the early exposure to drought stress and in the identification of several genes that could be implicated in drought tolerance and could be used for improving wheat and other cereal crops in this respect.
{"title":"FUNCTIONAL GENOMIC PROFILING OF DROUGHT RESPONSIVE Micro-RNA IN WHEAT","authors":"Y. B. Morsy, F. Abdel-Tawab, E. Fahmy, H. Eissa, S. Hassanein","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9209","url":null,"abstract":"MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play a major regulatory role in post translation regulation either by translation inhibition or mRNA cleavage. Recent studies proved that miRNAs have a regulatory role in both abiotic and biotic stress in plants. In our study, we measure the expression profile of 10 known abiotic stress miRNAs in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), under drought stress in the seedling stage. Significant upregulation was observed with osa_miR319a-3p.2-3, miR5048, gmamiR5783, hci-miR156a, bdi-miR159b-3p, zma-miR164g-3, ssl-miR398 and ptcmiR482c- 5p. Among these, hci-miR156a, and osa-miR319a-3p.2-3 showed downregulation after 12 h compared to 2 h treatment. Only osa-miR172b was downregulated. This variant and dynamic expression patterns is good evidence and certain indicator of miRNA correlation to drought tolerance mechanisms present in wheat. This is the first data that provides accurate measurement of some drought related miRNA in wheat in the early exposure to drought stress and in the identification of several genes that could be implicated in drought tolerance and could be used for improving wheat and other cereal crops in this respect.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48344409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used flavor enhancers throughout the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of MSG on V. faba seedlings. Moreover, the effects of adding some natural materials to MSG; e.g. chitosan, four different spices (black pepper, cumin, chili pepper and ginger) and three different forms of black nightshade plant; BNS (leaves, immature and mature fruits) were tested. Seeds of V. faba were treated with single concentration of MSG (10 g/L); alone (as a positive control) or combined with 1% aqueous solution of each of these natural additives. Results indicated that the treatment of MSG reduced germination value than negative control at 72 h. On the other hand, the use of black pepper and cumin at 48 h, in addition, chitosan at 72 h significantly increased seed germination compared to negative and positive control. The highest root length value (3.11 cm) was observed for cumin treatment. Exposure to MSG and combined treatments showed an inhibitory effect on cell division and caused a general decline in mitotic index. Additionally, all treatments caused significantly increase in the percentage of abnormal cells, except cumin which did not differ significantly from the negative control. By analyzing the RAPD-PCR with twelve arbitrary primers, all treatments caused slight reductions in genomic template stability (GTS) values compared to the negative control. The highest value of GTS (87.50%) was recorded for positive control, while treatments of black pepper and cumin exhibited the lowest value (78.12% for each). These results indicated that all the tested materials may interact with MSG causing genotoxic effects. In general, black pepper and cumin had the lowest genotoxic effects.
{"title":"POTENTIAL EFFECT OF SOME NATURAL FOOD ADDITIVES AGAINST MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE-INDUCED GENOTOXICITY IN Vicia faba","authors":"A. Zedan, O. Galal, F. Al-anany","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9210","url":null,"abstract":"Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the most widely used flavor enhancers throughout the world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of MSG on V. faba seedlings. Moreover, the effects of adding some natural materials to MSG; e.g. chitosan, four different spices (black pepper, cumin, chili pepper and ginger) and three different forms of black nightshade plant; BNS (leaves, immature and mature fruits) were tested. Seeds of V. faba were treated with single concentration of MSG (10 g/L); alone (as a positive control) or combined with 1% aqueous solution of each of these natural additives. Results indicated that the treatment of MSG reduced germination value than negative control at 72 h. On the other hand, the use of black pepper and cumin at 48 h, in addition, chitosan at 72 h significantly increased seed germination compared to negative and positive control. The highest root length value (3.11 cm) was observed for cumin treatment. Exposure to MSG and combined treatments showed an inhibitory effect on cell division and caused a general decline in mitotic index. Additionally, all treatments caused significantly increase in the percentage of abnormal cells, except cumin which did not differ significantly from the negative control. By analyzing the RAPD-PCR with twelve arbitrary primers, all treatments caused slight reductions in genomic template stability (GTS) values compared to the negative control. The highest value of GTS (87.50%) was recorded for positive control, while treatments of black pepper and cumin exhibited the lowest value (78.12% for each). These results indicated that all the tested materials may interact with MSG causing genotoxic effects. In general, black pepper and cumin had the lowest genotoxic effects.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43515574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hend A. E. Ibrahim, H. Sabit, A. Abushady, H. Elmetwaly, A. Abdelsalam, Alia A. El-Seoudy
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has proven to be a good biomarker for gene expression profiling. In the present study, Real-time PCR and Methylation level were performed to compare the levels of Leptin and IGF gene expression on 20 Maghrabi female camels exposed to variable temperatures (winter and summer). The results showed that hypermethylation prevailed in winter than in summer. A different profile was obtained in summer for both the two genes under study, as the hypomethylation was globally predominant. It could be concluded that the seasonal variations and conditions of the external environment in which the animal lives affect the various proteins in gene expression for each of the two genes (leptin and insulin-like growth factor). Where there is an inverse relationship between gene expression and methylation level. This means that the drop of temperature in winter leads to an increase of the methylation level (hypermethylation); resulting in a decrease in gene expression (down-regulation). On the other hand, temperature was rising during the summer, leads to the decrease of methylation level (hypomethylation) resulting in an increase in gene expression (upregulation) of the above-mentioned genes.
{"title":"VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION OF LEPTIN AND INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR (IGF) GENES IN RESPONSE TO SEASONAL DIFFERENCES IN CAMEL","authors":"Hend A. E. Ibrahim, H. Sabit, A. Abushady, H. Elmetwaly, A. Abdelsalam, Alia A. El-Seoudy","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9503","url":null,"abstract":"Epigenetic regulation of gene expression has proven to be a good biomarker for gene expression profiling. In the present study, Real-time PCR and Methylation level were performed to compare the levels of Leptin and IGF gene expression on 20 Maghrabi female camels exposed to variable temperatures (winter and summer). The results showed that hypermethylation prevailed in winter than in summer. A different profile was obtained in summer for both the two genes under study, as the hypomethylation was globally predominant. It could be concluded that the seasonal variations and conditions of the external environment in which the animal lives affect the various proteins in gene expression for each of the two genes (leptin and insulin-like growth factor). Where there is an inverse relationship between gene expression and methylation level. This means that the drop of temperature in winter leads to an increase of the methylation level (hypermethylation); resulting in a decrease in gene expression (down-regulation). On the other hand, temperature was rising during the summer, leads to the decrease of methylation level (hypomethylation) resulting in an increase in gene expression (upregulation) of the above-mentioned genes.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"61-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gaber, G. A. E. Fath, Mohamed Farouk Mohamed Khalil, G. H. E. Nady
Deafness is one of the most common and widespread congenital sensory disorder. Mutation in the connexin 26 (35delG) is considered the most frequent cause of the autosomal recessive nonsyndrome deafness (ARNSD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Cx26 (35delG) mutation in the Egyptian population. To achieve this goal 120 patients were evaluated for this mutation. The Cx26 (35delG) was screened using amplified refractory mutation system analysis (ARMS) analysis. The Cx26 (35delG) mutation was found in the 29.2% and 50% in the patients as homozygous and compound heterozygous, respectively. These results were significantly very high in comparison with the control. The frequency of the mutant allele was 54.2% in this population. These findings revealed the presence of the studied mutation in the Egyptian population.
{"title":"SCREENING OF THE CONNEXIN 26 (35DELG) MUTATION IN EGYPTIAN PATIENTS WITH AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE NONSYNDROMIC DEAFNESS AND ITS RELATION TO THE PATIENTS' IQ","authors":"E. Gaber, G. A. E. Fath, Mohamed Farouk Mohamed Khalil, G. H. E. Nady","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9506","url":null,"abstract":"Deafness is one of the most common and widespread congenital sensory disorder. Mutation in the connexin 26 (35delG) is considered the most frequent cause of the autosomal recessive nonsyndrome deafness (ARNSD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the Cx26 (35delG) mutation in the Egyptian population. To achieve this goal 120 patients were evaluated for this mutation. The Cx26 (35delG) was screened using amplified refractory mutation system analysis (ARMS) analysis. The Cx26 (35delG) mutation was found in the 29.2% and 50% in the patients as homozygous and compound heterozygous, respectively. These results were significantly very high in comparison with the control. The frequency of the mutant allele was 54.2% in this population. These findings revealed the presence of the studied mutation in the Egyptian population.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"101-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hassnaa E. El-Eskafy, R. Abbas, M. Abdel-Hamid, H. Hamza, A. Zanaty
An Egyptian marine bacterium, isolated from Hamam Pheroon, South Sinai region was able to produce thermostable proteases, the isolate was identified morphologically, biochemically, and confirmed molecularly by 16S rRNA sequencing with 99% similarity to Alcaligenes faecalis. It exhibited optimum activity of 328.3 U/mg after ten min, incubation at 65C and pH 7. Both ammonium sulphate and sephadex G-100 purification methods enhanced the yield of Alcaligenes faecalis strain HFW-9081 to 125 and 121% as well as the specific activity to 458.9 and 590 U/mg, respectively, compared to cell free supernatant. However, relative protease activity was reduced to 35.8% when H2O2 was added. On the other hand, the activities increased 7.5 folds when Tween-80 was used as a surfactant. Genetic background of the protease genes in Alcaligenes faecalis was analyzed using bioinformatics database for the proteases amino acids sequences in the desired bacteria; and it specified that Alcaligenes faecalis has four different protease genes; these genes encode for various peptidases family groups. The variation in the peptidase family groups provides the protease enzymes with many features making them able to remain active under various environmental stresses. The overall results showed promising thermostable proteases isolated from local marine Egyptian bacterium; that can be used potentially in many industrial applications.
{"title":"BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF AN EGYPTIAN MARINE ISOLATE \"Alcaligenes faecalis\" PRODUCING THERMOSTABLE PROTEASES","authors":"Hassnaa E. El-Eskafy, R. Abbas, M. Abdel-Hamid, H. Hamza, A. Zanaty","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9501","url":null,"abstract":"An Egyptian marine bacterium, isolated from Hamam Pheroon, South Sinai region was able to produce thermostable proteases, the isolate was identified morphologically, biochemically, and confirmed molecularly by 16S rRNA sequencing with 99% similarity to Alcaligenes faecalis. It exhibited optimum activity of 328.3 U/mg after ten min, incubation at 65C and pH 7. Both ammonium sulphate and sephadex G-100 purification methods enhanced the yield of Alcaligenes faecalis strain HFW-9081 to 125 and 121% as well as the specific activity to 458.9 and 590 U/mg, respectively, compared to cell free supernatant. However, relative protease activity was reduced to 35.8% when H2O2 was added. On the other hand, the activities increased 7.5 folds when Tween-80 was used as a surfactant. Genetic background of the protease genes in Alcaligenes faecalis was analyzed using bioinformatics database for the proteases amino acids sequences in the desired bacteria; and it specified that Alcaligenes faecalis has four different protease genes; these genes encode for various peptidases family groups. The variation in the peptidase family groups provides the protease enzymes with many features making them able to remain active under various environmental stresses. The overall results showed promising thermostable proteases isolated from local marine Egyptian bacterium; that can be used potentially in many industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"43-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Ali, M. E. El-denary, A. El‐Gendy, O. Galal, M. Ahmad, Tahany R. El-Sayed
Eleven random primers were used to study somaclonal variation among sixteen somaclones derived from four parental genotypes (Super Strain B, Castle Rock, Advanttage II and Edkawy). Out of eleven random primers used, only six primers (OPA01, OPA02, OPA03, OPA04, OPA05 and OPB11) successfully produced scoreable RAPD bands for all the tested genotypes. DNA amplification with the six different primers generated 285 bands 130 of them were polymorphic and 155 monomorphic bands in all the genotypes studied. Among the primers used, OPA05 produced the highest number of bands (16 bands) while primers OPA04 produced the lowest number (12 bands). RAPD patterns generated by these primers achieved high polymorphic percentage, indicating high level of genetic variations among somaclones and their parental genotypes. Super Strain B cultivar showed the highest number of polymorphic percentage 54.8%, while Advanttage II and Edkawy cultivars showed the lowest percentage of somaclonal variations 42.3% and 42.2%, respectively. The relatively high frequency of variations detected here might bias stable plant propagation. However it could be regarded as a novel source of tomato improvement.
{"title":"DETECTION OF SOMACLONAL VARIATIONS IN TOMATO USING RAPD MARKERS","authors":"A. Ali, M. E. El-denary, A. El‐Gendy, O. Galal, M. Ahmad, Tahany R. El-Sayed","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9505","url":null,"abstract":"Eleven random primers were used to study somaclonal variation among sixteen somaclones derived from four parental genotypes (Super Strain B, Castle Rock, Advanttage II and Edkawy). Out of eleven random primers used, only six primers (OPA01, OPA02, OPA03, OPA04, OPA05 and OPB11) successfully produced scoreable RAPD bands for all the tested genotypes. DNA amplification with the six different primers generated 285 bands 130 of them were polymorphic and 155 monomorphic bands in all the genotypes studied. Among the primers used, OPA05 produced the highest number of bands (16 bands) while primers OPA04 produced the lowest number (12 bands). RAPD patterns generated by these primers achieved high polymorphic percentage, indicating high level of genetic variations among somaclones and their parental genotypes. Super Strain B cultivar showed the highest number of polymorphic percentage 54.8%, while Advanttage II and Edkawy cultivars showed the lowest percentage of somaclonal variations 42.3% and 42.2%, respectively. The relatively high frequency of variations detected here might bias stable plant propagation. However it could be regarded as a novel source of tomato improvement.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"89-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solanaceae family is considered one of the major plant families providing food. Studies based on DNA and RNA molecular markers are more precise, reliable and powerful to assess the relationships between species also between genera in the same family. ITS sequences have been broadly used in the inference of phylogenetic hypotheses and in molecular evolution studies of plants, because it is variable, represent point mutations and insertions/deletions (indels). Specific ITS fragments were produced using the universal primer through seven sample of Solanaceae. Purified fragments were sequenced and each sequence was aligned individually at BLAST to confirm each species and to determine its relation to other sequence. Multiple Sequence alignment was done using Clustal Omega program for the seven sequences, and phylogenetic relationship showed that Potato was closely related to Tomato as they were grouped in one main cluster. Whereas Eggplant was related to both type of pepper (Chili and Bell) and was grouped in another main cluster. The Ground Cherry was separated alone in the third main cluster. Finally, ten related sequences picked from each alignment were deduced from BLAST to make the multiple alignments for the seven studied samples with other species of Solanaceae family.
{"title":"UTILIZATION OF INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) AS A MOLECULAR MARKER FOR PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP OF Solanaceae FAMILY","authors":"Lamyaa M. Sayed","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9512","url":null,"abstract":"Solanaceae family is considered one of the major plant families providing food. Studies based on DNA and RNA molecular markers are more precise, reliable and powerful to assess the relationships between species also between genera in the same family. ITS sequences have been broadly used in the inference of phylogenetic hypotheses and in molecular evolution studies of plants, because it is variable, represent point mutations and insertions/deletions (indels). Specific ITS fragments were produced using the universal primer through seven sample of Solanaceae. Purified fragments were sequenced and each sequence was aligned individually at BLAST to confirm each species and to determine its relation to other sequence. Multiple Sequence alignment was done using Clustal Omega program for the seven sequences, and phylogenetic relationship showed that Potato was closely related to Tomato as they were grouped in one main cluster. Whereas Eggplant was related to both type of pepper (Chili and Bell) and was grouped in another main cluster. The Ground Cherry was separated alone in the third main cluster. Finally, ten related sequences picked from each alignment were deduced from BLAST to make the multiple alignments for the seven studied samples with other species of Solanaceae family.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"167-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Genus Allium includes some economically important species like common onion, garlic, chives, and leek under worldwide cultivation. In this study, genetic diversity of some cultivars belonging to three species (Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L. and Allium currat L.) of this genus was investigated using sixteen SSR and three ISSR primers. All primers generated a total of 100 fragments, distributed as, 39% monomorphic, 33% polymorphic and 28% unique. The percentage of polymorphism identified by SSR and ISSR primers varied between 25 and 92.9%. With the highest variability detected for SSR and ISSR regions, the results of similarity demonstrated the presence of a concealable relationship amongst Allium species with a significant degree of similarity among clones belonging to the same species of this genus. DNA sequence of the monomorphic band generated from the five clones and cultivars used in the present work by one of the SSR primers (Asa20) were aligned together and with the earlier obtained sequences belonging to different genera and species. Although all of these sequences were obtained from one monomorphic band using the same primer, the pairwise alignment of the two onion clones showed only 75.49% of homology and nearly the same percentage of homology (73.76%) was obtained between the sequences generated from the two garlic clones. The dendrogram based on genetic similarities between cultivars showed three major clusters. Cluster 1 included only the Egyptian Leek cultivar; cluster 2 comprised the two garlic clones and cluster 3 composed of the two onion cultivars. Generally, the present results corroborate the idea that SSR and ISSR techniques seems to be a convenient tool for genetic diversity of the genus Allium.
{"title":"GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG SOME SPECIES OF THE GENUS ALLIUM L. USING SSR AND ISSR MARKERS","authors":"G. Anwar, R. K. Helmey, Y. Moustafa","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9516","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Allium includes some economically important species like common onion, garlic, chives, and leek under worldwide cultivation. In this study, genetic diversity of some cultivars belonging to three species (Allium sativum L., Allium cepa L. and Allium currat L.) of this genus was investigated using sixteen SSR and three ISSR primers. All primers generated a total of 100 fragments, distributed as, 39% monomorphic, 33% polymorphic and 28% unique. The percentage of polymorphism identified by SSR and ISSR primers varied between 25 and 92.9%. With the highest variability detected for SSR and ISSR regions, the results of similarity demonstrated the presence of a concealable relationship amongst Allium species with a significant degree of similarity among clones belonging to the same species of this genus. DNA sequence of the monomorphic band generated from the five clones and cultivars used in the present work by one of the SSR primers (Asa20) were aligned together and with the earlier obtained sequences belonging to different genera and species. Although all of these sequences were obtained from one monomorphic band using the same primer, the pairwise alignment of the two onion clones showed only 75.49% of homology and nearly the same percentage of homology (73.76%) was obtained between the sequences generated from the two garlic clones. The dendrogram based on genetic similarities between cultivars showed three major clusters. Cluster 1 included only the Egyptian Leek cultivar; cluster 2 comprised the two garlic clones and cluster 3 composed of the two onion cultivars. Generally, the present results corroborate the idea that SSR and ISSR techniques seems to be a convenient tool for genetic diversity of the genus Allium.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"221-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aimed of this study is to know harmful effects of tartrazine (yellow 5- E102) on chromosomes and behavior in a natural Egyptian population of Drosophila melanogaster from Tanta, Egypt. Five concentrations of tartrazine (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) previously were used for five generations. Each generation was allowed to reproduce for 12 days under tartrazine exposure. Additionally, tartrazine effects (toxicity) on a long term of the male and female lethal flies were detected, and it had an impact on the ratio between male and female (sexual ratio). Chi-square statistic at 0.05 level of significance showed that there are significant difference on the sexual ratio between males and females (χ2 = 6.0) at the 5% Tart., concentration in the fifth generation. Inversions 3L(P) and 3R(C) were detected only after treatment with tartrazine concentrations in fifth generations at the Cytological part in this study. The dose-effect- behavioral functions (learning) for tartrazine concentrations determined that high dose reduced insects ability to learn which affects in his behavior. Results of the study showed that tartrazine concentrations increased the rate of toxicity, mutations, genotoxicity, disruption of sex ratio and the ability to learn was lost.
{"title":"EXPERIMENT ON THE GENETIC TOXICITY OF TARTRAZINE YELLOW AND BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS ON Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"A. El-keredy","doi":"10.21608/EJGC.2018.9497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/EJGC.2018.9497","url":null,"abstract":"The aimed of this study is to know harmful effects of tartrazine (yellow 5- E102) on chromosomes and behavior in a natural Egyptian population of Drosophila melanogaster from Tanta, Egypt. Five concentrations of tartrazine (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%) previously were used for five generations. Each generation was allowed to reproduce for 12 days under tartrazine exposure. Additionally, tartrazine effects (toxicity) on a long term of the male and female lethal flies were detected, and it had an impact on the ratio between male and female (sexual ratio). Chi-square statistic at 0.05 level of significance showed that there are significant difference on the sexual ratio between males and females (χ2 = 6.0) at the 5% Tart., concentration in the fifth generation. Inversions 3L(P) and 3R(C) were detected only after treatment with tartrazine concentrations in fifth generations at the Cytological part in this study. The dose-effect- behavioral functions (learning) for tartrazine concentrations determined that high dose reduced insects ability to learn which affects in his behavior. Results of the study showed that tartrazine concentrations increased the rate of toxicity, mutations, genotoxicity, disruption of sex ratio and the ability to learn was lost.","PeriodicalId":31811,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Genetics and Cytology","volume":"46 1","pages":"33-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68483096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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