Food Control最新文献_第4页

Utilizing superheated steam to inactivate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on various material surfaces used in food and produce industries 利用过热蒸汽灭活食品和农产品行业所用各种材料表面上的粪肠球菌 NRRL B-2354

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110987

Shruthy Seshadrinathan , V.M. Balasubramaniam , Abigail B. Snyder , Robert Dupont , Xiaoguang Wang

Traditional sanitation in dry food and produce manufacturing plants is challenging as residual moisture can harbor microbial contamination. Superheated steam (SHS) is produced when water is heated to temperatures (125–400 °C) beyond the boiling point. SHS does not lead to condensation on surfaces. There are limited studies available on the sanitation efficacy of SHS on different surfaces. This study was conducted to understand the sanitation efficacy of SHS to inactivate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on different surfaces (stainless steel, concrete, plywood, leather, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicon rubber, cotton, and cardboard). The surfaces were either spot inoculated or coated with a representative food matrix (baby formula) and treated with SHS at 150 °C for a total process time (come-up time + treatment time) of 3 min. Spot-inoculated surfaces showed a higher microbial inactivation (range: 9.2 ± 0.9 to 10.7 ± 0.7 log reduction/coupon) whereas surfaces with inoculum coated with baby formula had lower microbial inactivation (range: 7.8 ± 0.4 to 9.6 ± 0.4 log reduction/coupon). The effects of surface characteristics like thermal inertia, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity of microbial inactivation were studied. Prolonged usage of SHS (150 °C for 5 min once a week over 8 weeks) did not alter surface characteristics, particularly roughness of stainless steel, silicone rubber and plywood.

干制食品和农产品制造厂的传统卫生条件极具挑战性，因为残留的水分会滋生微生物污染。当水被加热到超过沸点的温度（125-400 °C）时，就会产生过热蒸汽（SHS）。过热蒸汽不会导致表面冷凝。有关 SHS 对不同表面的卫生功效的研究十分有限。本研究旨在了解 SHS 在不同表面（不锈钢、混凝土、胶合板、皮革、聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)、硅橡胶、棉花和纸板）上灭活粪肠球菌 NRRL B-2354 的卫生功效。这些表面要么被点接种，要么被涂上具有代表性的食品基质（婴儿配方奶粉），然后在 150 °C 下用 SHS 进行处理，总处理时间（接种时间 + 处理时间）为 3 分钟。点接种表面的微生物灭活率较高（范围：9.2 ± 0.9 至 10.7 ± 0.7 log reduction/coupon），而接种物表面涂有婴儿配方奶粉的微生物灭活率较低（范围：7.8 ± 0.4 至 9.6 ± 0.4 log reduction/coupon）。研究了热惯性、表面粗糙度和疏水性等表面特征对微生物灭活的影响。长期使用 SHS（每周一次，每次 150 ℃，每次 5 分钟，持续 8 周）不会改变表面特性，尤其是不锈钢、硅橡胶和胶合板的粗糙度。

{"title":"Utilizing superheated steam to inactivate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on various material surfaces used in food and produce industries","authors":"Shruthy Seshadrinathan , V.M. Balasubramaniam , Abigail B. Snyder , Robert Dupont , Xiaoguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional sanitation in dry food and produce manufacturing plants is challenging as residual moisture can harbor microbial contamination. Superheated steam (SHS) is produced when water is heated to temperatures (125–400 °C) beyond the boiling point. SHS does not lead to condensation on surfaces. There are limited studies available on the sanitation efficacy of SHS on different surfaces. This study was conducted to understand the sanitation efficacy of SHS to inactivate <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> NRRL B-2354 on different surfaces (stainless steel, concrete, plywood, leather, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), silicon rubber, cotton, and cardboard). The surfaces were either spot inoculated or coated with a representative food matrix (baby formula) and treated with SHS at 150 °C for a total process time (come-up time + treatment time) of 3 min. Spot-inoculated surfaces showed a higher microbial inactivation (range: 9.2 ± 0.9 to 10.7 ± 0.7 log reduction/coupon) whereas surfaces with inoculum coated with baby formula had lower microbial inactivation (range: 7.8 ± 0.4 to 9.6 ± 0.4 log reduction/coupon). The effects of surface characteristics like thermal inertia, surface roughness, and hydrophobicity of microbial inactivation were studied. Prolonged usage of SHS (150 °C for 5 min once a week over 8 weeks) did not alter surface characteristics, particularly roughness of stainless steel, silicone rubber and plywood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110987"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food freshness and composition evaluated by Colorimetry, TPA, and spectroscopy through ICA-based ComDim: A case study of a peanut-based protein-enriched food 通过基于 ICA 的 ComDim，用比色法、TPA 和光谱法评估食品的新鲜度和成分：基于花生的富含蛋白质食品的案例研究

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110978

Cláudia Esteves da Silva , Fernanda Vitória Leimann , Yuri Yohan Ribeiro Sanches , Vanessa de Carvalho Rodrigues , Ali Tfayli , Douglas N. Rutledge , Paulo Henrique Março

This study aimed to apply Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA or ComDim) to explore the relations between colorimetry (color), Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) besides determining which of these techniques is most effective in differentiating the freshness and composition of the studied samples. ComDim-ICA, a recent modification of ComDim based on Independent Components Analysis (ICA) decomposition, was used. This approach was chosen to provide more straightforward and interpretable scores and loadings compared to the classical ComDim, which is based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The experiment was performed on a peanut-based food enriched with powdered proteins derived from pumpkin seed, rice, pea, sunflower seed, water lentil (duckweed), flaxseed, soybean, and whey. Measurements (Color, NIR, and TPA) were taken on the day of the food preparation, after seven days, and after fourteen days. The global scores indicated that CC2 carried information regarding freshness, while CC3, CC4, and CC5 were associated with food composition. According to the saliences, NIR and color were the most important techniques for determining food freshness (the most important in CC2). Additionally, in CC3, NIR was responsible for distinguishing lentil and rice proteins from the other protein sources. The best differentiation regarding food composition was found in CC4 and CC5, where colorimetry and TPA were most significant. These findings may encourage new applications of multiblock analysis to elucidate differences in food quality based on diverse evaluation techniques.

本研究旨在应用通用成分和特定权重分析法（CCSWA 或 ComDim）来探索比色法（颜色）、纹理轮廓分析法（TPA）和近红外光谱法（NIR）之间的关系，并确定这些技术中哪一种在区分所研究样品的新鲜度和成分方面最有效。ComDim-ICA 是 ComDim 基于独立成分分析 (ICA) 分解的最新改进版。与基于主成分分析法（PCA）的经典 ComDim 相比，选择这种方法是为了提供更直观、更易于解释的分数和载荷。实验以花生为基础，添加了南瓜籽、大米、豌豆、葵花籽、扁豆（浮萍）、亚麻籽、大豆和乳清蛋白粉的食品。在配制食品当天、七天后和十四天后分别进行了测量（色度、近红外和 TPA）。总体得分表明，CC2 包含新鲜度信息，而 CC3、CC4 和 CC5 则与食品成分有关。根据评分结果，近红外和颜色是确定食品新鲜度的最重要技术（CC2 最重要）。此外，在 CC3 中，近红外是区分扁豆和大米蛋白质与其他蛋白质来源的主要技术。在 CC4 和 CC5 中，比色法和 TPA 对食品成分的区分效果最好。这些发现可能会鼓励多区块分析的新应用，以根据不同的评估技术来阐明食品质量的差异。

{"title":"Food freshness and composition evaluated by Colorimetry, TPA, and spectroscopy through ICA-based ComDim: A case study of a peanut-based protein-enriched food","authors":"Cláudia Esteves da Silva , Fernanda Vitória Leimann , Yuri Yohan Ribeiro Sanches , Vanessa de Carvalho Rodrigues , Ali Tfayli , Douglas N. Rutledge , Paulo Henrique Março","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to apply Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA or ComDim) to explore the relations between colorimetry (color), Texture Profile Analysis (TPA), and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) besides determining which of these techniques is most effective in differentiating the freshness and composition of the studied samples. ComDim-ICA, a recent modification of ComDim based on Independent Components Analysis (ICA) decomposition, was used. This approach was chosen to provide more straightforward and interpretable scores and loadings compared to the classical ComDim, which is based on Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The experiment was performed on a peanut-based food enriched with powdered proteins derived from pumpkin seed, rice, pea, sunflower seed, water lentil (duckweed), flaxseed, soybean, and whey. Measurements (Color, NIR, and TPA) were taken on the day of the food preparation, after seven days, and after fourteen days. The global scores indicated that CC2 carried information regarding freshness, while CC3, CC4, and CC5 were associated with food composition. According to the saliences, NIR and color were the most important techniques for determining food freshness (the most important in CC2). Additionally, in CC3, NIR was responsible for distinguishing lentil and rice proteins from the other protein sources. The best differentiation regarding food composition was found in CC4 and CC5, where colorimetry and TPA were most significant. These findings may encourage new applications of multiblock analysis to elucidate differences in food quality based on diverse evaluation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110978"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rapid detection and spectroscopic feature analysis of mineral content in camel milk using fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and traditional machine learning algorithms 利用傅立叶变换中红外光谱和传统机器学习算法快速检测骆驼奶中的矿物质含量并进行光谱特征分析

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110983

Yongqing Li , Yikai Fan , Jingyi Gao , Li Liu , Lijun Cao , Bo Hu , Zunongjiang Abula , Yeerlan Xieermaola , Haitong Wang , Chu Chu , Zhuo Yang , Guochang Yang , Peipei Wen , Dongwei Wang , Wenxin Zheng , Shujun Zhang

Camel milk is rich in nutrients and bioactive factors, with mineral content generally higher than that of cow milk, but there is currently no internationally established, rapid, batch-testing method for the mineral content. This study collected samples of camel milk from 113 locations in Xinjiang, China. For the first time internationally, based on the true mineral values determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and the extracted mid-infrared spectra data, a quantitative prediction model for 10 key minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Zn, and Se) was established using Fourier-Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIRS) and the traditional machine learning algorithm Partial Least Squares Regression. The R_t² of the test set ranged from 0.61 to 0.91, RMSE_t ranged from 2.21ug/kg(Se) to 197.08 mg/kg(K) and the RPD_t from 1.59 to 3.28. In addition, the distribution, patterns, and correlations of mineral-related characteristic wavenumbers in camel milk were summarized. This study opens a new avenue for the rapid detection of minerals in camel milk and fills the research gap in in using FT-MIRS to detect mineral content in camel milk.

驼奶含有丰富的营养成分和生物活性因子，矿物质含量一般高于牛奶，但目前国际上还没有成熟的矿物质含量快速批量检测方法。本研究从中国新疆的 113 个地点采集了骆驼奶样品。根据 ICP-OES（电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱）测定的矿物质真实值和提取的中红外光谱数据，利用傅立叶变换中红外光谱（FT-MIRS）和传统的机器学习算法部分最小二乘回归，在国际上首次建立了 10 种关键矿物质（Ca、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、P、Sr、Zn 和 Se）的定量预测模型。测试集的 Rt2 为 0.61 至 0.91，RMSEt 为 2.21ug/kg(Se) 至 197.08 mg/kg(K)，RPDt 为 1.59 至 3.28。此外，还总结了骆驼奶中矿物质相关特征波数的分布、模式和相关性。这项研究为快速检测骆驼奶中的矿物质开辟了一条新途径，填补了利用傅立叶变换红外光谱检测骆驼奶中矿物质含量的研究空白。

{"title":"Rapid detection and spectroscopic feature analysis of mineral content in camel milk using fourier-transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and traditional machine learning algorithms","authors":"Yongqing Li , Yikai Fan , Jingyi Gao , Li Liu , Lijun Cao , Bo Hu , Zunongjiang Abula , Yeerlan Xieermaola , Haitong Wang , Chu Chu , Zhuo Yang , Guochang Yang , Peipei Wen , Dongwei Wang , Wenxin Zheng , Shujun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Camel milk is rich in nutrients and bioactive factors, with mineral content generally higher than that of cow milk, but there is currently no internationally established, rapid, batch-testing method for the mineral content. This study collected samples of camel milk from 113 locations in Xinjiang, China. For the first time internationally, based on the true mineral values determined by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and the extracted mid-infrared spectra data, a quantitative prediction model for 10 key minerals (Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Sr, Zn, and Se) was established using Fourier-Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-MIRS) and the traditional machine learning algorithm Partial Least Squares Regression. The R<sub>t</sub><sup>2</sup> of the test set ranged from 0.61 to 0.91, RMSE<sub>t</sub> ranged from 2.21ug/kg(Se) to 197.08 mg/kg(K) and the RPD<sub>t</sub> from 1.59 to 3.28. In addition, the distribution, patterns, and correlations of mineral-related characteristic wavenumbers in camel milk were summarized. This study opens a new avenue for the rapid detection of minerals in camel milk and fills the research gap in in using FT-MIRS to detect mineral content in camel milk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110983"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Explainability of deep convolutional neural networks when it comes to NIR spectral data: A case study of starch content estimation in potato tubers 深度卷积神经网络对近红外光谱数据的可解释性：马铃薯块茎淀粉含量估算案例研究

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110979

Arman Arefi , Barbara Sturm , Thomas Hoffmann

Explainable AI is gaining popularity as a way to understand the decision-making processes of neural networks and gain insight into their predictions. In this paper, Integrated Gradients (IG) was applied to assess the relevance of spectral features used by deep convolutional neural networks in predicting the starch content of potatoes. For this purpose, spectral information of 7651 tubers of 12 potato varieties was acquired using a NIR spectrometer in the spectral range of 940–1650 nm. This was followed by a reference measurement of starch content. Three one-dimensional deep convolutional neural networks i.e. VGG-19, InceptionV3, and SpectraNet-32 were developed using the Keras API. The deep networks outperformed traditional models in the starch content prediction, with SpectraNet-32 achieving the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 0.84, RMSE = 1.41%, RPD = 2.46, and rRMSE = 9.88%). Further analysis of the neural networks by IG indicated that the predictions were generated based on starch relevant spectral bands. The results of this study demonstrated that the deep convolutional neural networks not only could accurately predict starch content in potatoes, but also provided certainty in the predictions.

可解释人工智能作为一种了解神经网络决策过程并深入洞察其预测结果的方法，正日益受到人们的青睐。本文将综合梯度（IG）用于评估深度卷积神经网络在预测马铃薯淀粉含量时使用的光谱特征的相关性。为此，使用近红外光谱仪获取了 12 个马铃薯品种的 7651 块茎的光谱信息，光谱范围为 940-1650 nm。随后对淀粉含量进行了参考测量。使用 Keras API 开发了三个一维深度卷积神经网络，即 VGG-19、InceptionV3 和 SpectraNet-32。在淀粉含量预测方面，深度网络的表现优于传统模型，其中 SpectraNet-32 的预测准确率最高（R2 = 0.84，RMSE = 1.41%，RPD = 2.46，rRMSE = 9.88%）。IG 对神经网络的进一步分析表明，预测结果是根据淀粉相关谱带生成的。这项研究的结果表明，深度卷积神经网络不仅能准确预测马铃薯中的淀粉含量，还能提供确定的预测结果。

{"title":"Explainability of deep convolutional neural networks when it comes to NIR spectral data: A case study of starch content estimation in potato tubers","authors":"Arman Arefi , Barbara Sturm , Thomas Hoffmann","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explainable AI is gaining popularity as a way to understand the decision-making processes of neural networks and gain insight into their predictions. In this paper, Integrated Gradients (IG) was applied to assess the relevance of spectral features used by deep convolutional neural networks in predicting the starch content of potatoes. For this purpose, spectral information of 7651 tubers of 12 potato varieties was acquired using a NIR spectrometer in the spectral range of 940–1650 nm. This was followed by a reference measurement of starch content. Three one-dimensional deep convolutional neural networks i.e. VGG-19, InceptionV3, and SpectraNet-32 were developed using the Keras API. The deep networks outperformed traditional models in the starch content prediction, with SpectraNet-32 achieving the highest prediction accuracy (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.84, RMSE = 1.41%, RPD = 2.46, and rRMSE = 9.88%). Further analysis of the neural networks by IG indicated that the predictions were generated based on starch relevant spectral bands. The results of this study demonstrated that the deep convolutional neural networks not only could accurately predict starch content in potatoes, but also provided certainty in the predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110979"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A LAMP-based colorimetric and fluorescence dual-channel assay for on-site identification of adulterated meat by a portable device 一种基于 LAMP 的比色和荧光双通道检测法，用于通过便携式设备现场识别掺假肉类

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110984

Xun Fang , Wenyu Zhang , Huihui Su, Wenting Xie, Li Jia

Rapid on-site identification of meat adulteration is essential for ensuring food safety. The Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is an ideal solution for on-site diagnosis due to its simplicity, speed, high specificity, and sensitivity. In this study, we designed pork-specific primers for LAMP and optimized the LAMP reaction conditions. By incorporating hydroxynaphthol blue and calcein indicators into the reaction system, the LAMP results can be visually observed without the need for specialized equipment. We also engineered a self-designed, portable device that integrates LAMP colorimetric and fluorescence detection, termed LAMP-PD, to achieve both amplification and dual-channel detection. This device is cost-effective, priced at only $54.65. The detection results from LAMP-PD were found to be comparable to those of commercial spectrophotometers, confirming its accuracy. The LAMP-PD is capable of detecting pork at concentrations as low as 0.1% in adulterated meat samples, highlighting the high sensitivity of the LAMP assay. The portability and affordability of the LAMP-PD underscore its significant potential for on-site identification of adulterated meat samples.

现场快速鉴定肉类掺假对确保食品安全至关重要。环路介导等温扩增（LAMP）技术简单、快速、特异性强且灵敏，是现场诊断的理想解决方案。在本研究中，我们为 LAMP 设计了猪肉特异性引物，并优化了 LAMP 反应条件。通过在反应系统中加入羟基萘酚蓝和钙蓝蛋白指示剂，LAMP 的结果可以直观地观察到，而不需要专门的设备。我们还自行设计了一种便携式设备，将 LAMP 比色和荧光检测集成在一起，称为 LAMP-PD，以实现扩增和双通道检测。该设备性价比高，售价仅为 54.65 美元。LAMP-PD 的检测结果与商用分光光度计的检测结果相当，证实了其准确性。LAMP-PD 能够检测出掺假肉类样品中浓度低至 0.1% 的猪肉，凸显了 LAMP 检测法的高灵敏度。LAMP-PD 的便携性和经济性凸显了它在现场鉴定掺假肉样品方面的巨大潜力。

{"title":"A LAMP-based colorimetric and fluorescence dual-channel assay for on-site identification of adulterated meat by a portable device","authors":"Xun Fang , Wenyu Zhang , Huihui Su, Wenting Xie, Li Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid on-site identification of meat adulteration is essential for ensuring food safety. The Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique is an ideal solution for on-site diagnosis due to its simplicity, speed, high specificity, and sensitivity. In this study, we designed pork-specific primers for LAMP and optimized the LAMP reaction conditions. By incorporating hydroxynaphthol blue and calcein indicators into the reaction system, the LAMP results can be visually observed without the need for specialized equipment. We also engineered a self-designed, portable device that integrates LAMP colorimetric and fluorescence detection, termed LAMP-PD, to achieve both amplification and dual-channel detection. This device is cost-effective, priced at only $54.65. The detection results from LAMP-PD were found to be comparable to those of commercial spectrophotometers, confirming its accuracy. The LAMP-PD is capable of detecting pork at concentrations as low as 0.1% in adulterated meat samples, highlighting the high sensitivity of the LAMP assay. The portability and affordability of the LAMP-PD underscore its significant potential for on-site identification of adulterated meat samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110984"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of chlorine and peroxyacetic acid efficacy in controlling Listeria innocua in a pilot-scale apple dump tank system 评估氯和过氧乙酸在试验规模苹果倾倒槽系统中控制无核李斯特菌的功效

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110985

Yuan Su, Mengqian Hang, Xiaoye Shen, Jeanene M. Deavila, Mei-Jun Zhu

The dump tank and flume system, treated with antimicrobial sanitizers, is the first and most critical step to control the cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens on apples in commercial packing lines. Previous studies on the efficacy of chlorine and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) during apple washing have been primarily conducted in laboratory-scaled settings, which may not accurately reflect the efficacy of commercial dump tank operation due to variations in processing parameters. This study employed a pilot-scale dump tank system containing 102 L of pilot-simulated dump tank water (pSDTW) to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine and PAA in reducing Listeria innocua on apples and its cross-contamination between apples and water. Chlorine and PAA significantly reduced the transfer of L. innocua to uninoculated apples and water, with greater sanitizer concentrations and extended processing times enhancing their efficacy. Specifically, chlorine at 25–100 ppm free chlorine (FC) for 0.5–10 min resulted in the reductions of L. innocua by 0.4–1.1 log₁₀ CFU/apple on inoculated apples and 3.5–5.4 log₁₀ CFU/ml in inoculated pSDTW in the presence of 1000 ppm chemical oxygen demand (COD), leading to a transfer of 0.4–3.5 log₁₀ CFU/apple to uninoculated apples. For PAA treatment, 20–80 ppm achieved reductions of 0.5–1.5 log₁₀ CFU/apple on inoculated apples and 0.7–4.3 log₁₀ CFU/ml in inoculated pSDTW, resulting in transfers of 3.5–4.2 log₁₀ CFU/apple to uninoculated apples. Elevating the organic load in pSDTW from 1000 to 4000 ppm COD significantly reduced the effectiveness of chlorine in reducing L. innocua and its cross-contamination, and the anti-Listeria efficacy of PAA in water. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing dump tank operations for commercial apple packing lines.

用抗菌消毒剂处理过的倾倒槽和水槽系统是控制商业包装线上苹果食源性病原体交叉感染的第一步，也是最关键的一步。以往关于氯和过氧乙酸（PAA）在苹果清洗过程中的功效的研究主要是在实验室规模的环境中进行的，由于加工参数的变化，这些研究可能无法准确反映商业倾倒槽操作的功效。本研究采用了一个中试规模的倾倒槽系统，其中包含 102 升中试模拟倾倒槽水（pSDTW），以评估氯和 PAA 在减少苹果上的无核李斯特菌及其在苹果和水之间的交叉污染方面的功效。氯和 PAA 能明显减少无核李斯特菌向未接种苹果和水的转移，消毒剂浓度越高、处理时间越长，其效果越好。具体来说，在化学需氧量（COD）为 1000 ppm 的情况下，25-100 ppm 游离氯（FC）的氯处理 0.5-10 分钟可使接种苹果中的无毒梭状芽孢杆菌减少 0.4-1.1 log10 CFU/苹果，接种 pSDTW 中的无毒梭状芽孢杆菌减少 3.5-5.4 log10 CFU/ml，从而使 0.4-3.5 log10 CFU/苹果转移到未接种的苹果中。对于 PAA 处理，20-80 ppm 可使接种苹果上的 CFU/apple 减少 0.5-1.5 log10，接种 pSDTW 中的 CFU/ml 减少 0.7-4.3 log10，从而将 3.5-4.2 log10 CFU/apple 转移到未接种苹果上。将 pSDTW 中的有机负荷从 1000ppm COD 提高到 4000ppm COD，会显著降低氯在减少无毒杆菌及其交叉污染方面的效果，以及 PAA 在水中抗李斯特菌的效果。这项研究为优化商业苹果包装线的倾倒槽操作提供了宝贵的见解。

{"title":"Evaluation of chlorine and peroxyacetic acid efficacy in controlling Listeria innocua in a pilot-scale apple dump tank system","authors":"Yuan Su, Mengqian Hang, Xiaoye Shen, Jeanene M. Deavila, Mei-Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dump tank and flume system, treated with antimicrobial sanitizers, is the first and most critical step to control the cross-contamination of foodborne pathogens on apples in commercial packing lines. Previous studies on the efficacy of chlorine and peroxyacetic acid (PAA) during apple washing have been primarily conducted in laboratory-scaled settings, which may not accurately reflect the efficacy of commercial dump tank operation due to variations in processing parameters. This study employed a pilot-scale dump tank system containing 102 L of pilot-simulated dump tank water (pSDTW) to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine and PAA in reducing <em>Listeria innocua</em> on apples and its cross-contamination between apples and water. Chlorine and PAA significantly reduced the transfer of <em>L. innocua</em> to uninoculated apples and water, with greater sanitizer concentrations and extended processing times enhancing their efficacy. Specifically, chlorine at 25–100 ppm free chlorine (FC) for 0.5–10 min resulted in the reductions of <em>L. innocua</em> by 0.4–1.1 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/apple on inoculated apples and 3.5–5.4 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/ml in inoculated pSDTW in the presence of 1000 ppm chemical oxygen demand (COD), leading to a transfer of 0.4–3.5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/apple to uninoculated apples. For PAA treatment, 20–80 ppm achieved reductions of 0.5–1.5 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/apple on inoculated apples and 0.7–4.3 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/ml in inoculated pSDTW, resulting in transfers of 3.5–4.2 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/apple to uninoculated apples. Elevating the organic load in pSDTW from 1000 to 4000 ppm COD significantly reduced the effectiveness of chlorine in reducing <em>L. innocua</em> and its cross-contamination, and the anti-<em>Listeria</em> efficacy of PAA in water. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing dump tank operations for commercial apple packing lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110985"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metabolomics based on GC-MS combined with chemometrics for geographical discrimination of garlic (Allium sativum L.) 基于气相色谱-质谱联用化学计量学的代谢组学在大蒜（Allium sativum L.）地理鉴别中的应用

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110976

Victor dos S.A. Leite , Brena R.M. Ikehara , Natália R. Almeida , Geraldo H. Silva , Willian R. Macedo , Frederico G. Pinto

Ensuring the geographic origin of products helps protect consumers against fraud and mislabeling. This study investigates the metabolomic profiles of garlic (Allium sativum L.) samples from Brazil and China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analysis Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Orthogonal PLS-DA (Ortho PLS-DA) revealed clear metabolic distinctions between the two sample groups with high classification accuracy. Brazilian garlic samples showed higher levels of sulfur compounds, such as allyl propyl sulfide, cysteine sulfonic acid, and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, which contribute to its pungency and potential health benefits. Amino acids L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, and L-cysteine were also significantly increased in garlic from Brazil. In contrast, Chinese garlic exhibited higher intensities of sugars (e.g., D-fructose, D-mannose) and essential amino acids (L-tryptophan, L-valine, and L-leucine). These differences in metabolism are the result of distinct metabolic profiles. GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and chemometric analysis were able to differentiate the geographical origin of Brazilian and Chinese garlics and remain valuable to food authentication and quality control. Further studies are needed to confirm the biomarkers for origin verification here stated.

确保产品的地理来源有助于保护消费者免受欺诈和错误标签的侵害。本研究采用气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）对巴西和中国的大蒜（Allium sativum L.）样品进行了代谢组学分析。多元分析部分最小二乘法判别分析（PLS-DA）和正交 PLS-DA（Ortho PLS-DA）显示，两组样品之间的代谢差异明显，分类准确率高。巴西大蒜样品显示出较高水平的硫化合物，如烯丙基丙基硫醚、半胱氨酸磺酸和 S-羧甲基-L-半胱氨酸，这有助于其辛辣味和潜在的健康益处。巴西大蒜中的氨基酸 L-精氨酸、L-谷氨酸和 L-半胱氨酸也显著增加。相比之下，中国大蒜中糖类（如 D-果糖、D-甘露糖）和必需氨基酸（L-色氨酸、L-缬氨酸和 L-亮氨酸）的含量较高。这些代谢差异是不同代谢特征的结果。基于气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）的非靶向代谢组学和化学计量学分析能够区分巴西大蒜和中国大蒜的地理来源，对食品鉴定和质量控制仍有价值。还需要进一步的研究来确认本文所述的原产地验证生物标志物。

{"title":"Metabolomics based on GC-MS combined with chemometrics for geographical discrimination of garlic (Allium sativum L.)","authors":"Victor dos S.A. Leite , Brena R.M. Ikehara , Natália R. Almeida , Geraldo H. Silva , Willian R. Macedo , Frederico G. Pinto","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the geographic origin of products helps protect consumers against fraud and mislabeling. This study investigates the metabolomic profiles of garlic (<em>Allium sativum</em> L.) samples from Brazil and China using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Multivariate analysis Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Orthogonal PLS-DA (Ortho PLS-DA) revealed clear metabolic distinctions between the two sample groups with high classification accuracy. Brazilian garlic samples showed higher levels of sulfur compounds, such as allyl propyl sulfide, cysteine sulfonic acid, and S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine, which contribute to its pungency and potential health benefits. Amino acids L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, and L-cysteine were also significantly increased in garlic from Brazil. In contrast, Chinese garlic exhibited higher intensities of sugars (e.g., D-fructose, D-mannose) and essential amino acids (L-tryptophan, L-valine, and L-leucine). These differences in metabolism are the result of distinct metabolic profiles. GC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and chemometric analysis were able to differentiate the geographical origin of Brazilian and Chinese garlics and remain valuable to food authentication and quality control. Further studies are needed to confirm the biomarkers for origin verification here stated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110976"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a digital Net-Map tool to analyse multi-stakeholder networks in risk analysis of emerging food safety issues 开发数字网络地图工具，分析新食品安全问题风险分析中的多方利益相关者网络

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110975

Niels van der Linden , Celine Meerpoel , Hanna Schebesta , Pieternel Luning

The circular economy brings sustainability benefits but also causes potential food safety issues as recycling can introduce new contaminants to food contact materials. These circular food safety issues cause changes in the risk analysis network. So far, social network analysis studies relevant to food safety investigated specific parts of the risk analysis network (such as risk assessment) and its formal stakeholders such as Food Safety Authorities. However, the risk analysis network also consists informal stakeholders, each with their own knowledge and views. A comprehensive analysis of risk analysis networks addressing circularity-related food safety issues from a multi-stakeholder perspective is yet lacking. This study aimed to explore the complex risk analysis network for paper recycling in Belgium. An adjusted and digitalised network mapping methodology, Net-Mapping, was developed to identify the stakeholders, to assess their goals and influence, to determine the different linkages types between them, and to elicit constraints. Forty-one identified stakeholders from science, policy, and society were interconnected through four linkage types (‘legally required information sharing’, ‘voluntary information sharing’, ‘data generation request’, and ‘public communication’). Results show federal policy stakeholders are central in all networks, whereas science and society stakeholders gain influence in the informal networks. Barriers hindering collaboration in the networks are a lack of data and challenges in information exchange. The Net-Mapping insights can assist scientists in gathering risk assessment data, guide policymakers in targeting interventions, and raise stakeholder awareness of collaborations. Future research could compare risk analysis networks across countries for the same food safety issue, or examine the risk analysis networks for different food safety issues in the same country.

循环经济带来了可持续发展的好处，但也带来了潜在的食品安全问题，因为循环利用会给食品接触材料带来新的污染物。这些循环食品安全问题会导致风险分析网络发生变化。迄今为止，与食品安全有关的社会网络分析研究调查了风险分析网络的特定部分（如风险评估）及其正式利益相关者（如食品安全当局）。然而，风险分析网络还包括非正式的利益相关者，每个人都有自己的知识和观点。目前还缺乏从多方利益相关者的角度对解决循环相关食品安全问题的风险分析网络进行全面分析。本研究旨在探索比利时纸张回收的复杂风险分析网络。研究开发了一种经过调整和数字化的网络制图方法--网络制图，以确定利益相关者，评估他们的目标和影响，确定他们之间的不同联系类型，并找出制约因素。通过四种联系类型（"法律要求的信息共享"、"自愿信息共享"、"数据生成请求 "和 "公共交流"），确定了来自科学、政策和社会的 41 个利益相关者。结果显示，联邦政策利益相关者在所有网络中都处于核心地位，而科学和社会利益相关者则在非正式网络中获得影响力。阻碍网络合作的障碍是缺乏数据和信息交流方面的挑战。网络地图的见解可以帮助科学家收集风险评估数据，指导政策制定者有针对性地采取干预措施，并提高利益相关者对合作的认识。未来的研究可以比较各国针对同一食品安全问题的风险分析网络，或研究同一国家针对不同食品安全问题的风险分析网络。

{"title":"Development of a digital Net-Map tool to analyse multi-stakeholder networks in risk analysis of emerging food safety issues","authors":"Niels van der Linden , Celine Meerpoel , Hanna Schebesta , Pieternel Luning","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circular economy brings sustainability benefits but also causes potential food safety issues as recycling can introduce new contaminants to food contact materials. These circular food safety issues cause changes in the risk analysis network. So far, social network analysis studies relevant to food safety investigated specific parts of the risk analysis network (such as risk assessment) and its formal stakeholders such as Food Safety Authorities. However, the risk analysis network also consists informal stakeholders, each with their own knowledge and views. A comprehensive analysis of risk analysis networks addressing circularity-related food safety issues from a multi-stakeholder perspective is yet lacking. This study aimed to explore the complex risk analysis network for paper recycling in Belgium. An adjusted and digitalised network mapping methodology, Net-Mapping, was developed to identify the stakeholders, to assess their goals and influence, to determine the different linkages types between them, and to elicit constraints. Forty-one identified stakeholders from science, policy, and society were interconnected through four linkage types (‘legally required information sharing’, ‘voluntary information sharing’, ‘data generation request’, and ‘public communication’). Results show federal policy stakeholders are central in all networks, whereas science and society stakeholders gain influence in the informal networks. Barriers hindering collaboration in the networks are a lack of data and challenges in information exchange. The Net-Mapping insights can assist scientists in gathering risk assessment data, guide policymakers in targeting interventions, and raise stakeholder awareness of collaborations. Future research could compare risk analysis networks across countries for the same food safety issue, or examine the risk analysis networks for different food safety issues in the same country.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110975"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142662408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A rapid and nondestructive quantitative detection method for total and organic selenium in selenium-enriched kefir grain based on hyperspectral imaging 基于高光谱成像的富硒酸乳酒糟中总硒和有机硒的快速无损定量检测方法

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110958

Menghui Li , Jinyi Yang , Xing Guo , Rui Sun , Gechao Zhang , Wenhui Liu , Yuanye Liu , Zhouli Wang , Yahong Yuan , Tianli Yue

Rapid monitoring of total and organic selenium content of Kefir grain is important for the development of selenium-enriched foods. First, a portable hyperspectral system was used to obtain spectra of selenium-enriched Kefir grain. Second, the characteristic variables were screened based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), bootstrapping soft shrinkage, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization. Then, the quantitative prediction performance of extremely randomized trees, partial least squares (PLS), and least squares support vector machine models were compared. For the prediction of total selenium content, CARS-PLS performed the best, with a prediction set correlation coefficient and relative prediction deviation (RPD) value of 0.97 and 3.88, respectively. For organic selenium, the CARS-PLS predicted set correlation coefficients and RPD values were 0.94 and 2.97, respectively. CARS-PLS realized the rapid prediction of total and organic selenium content within 1 min. This provides new ideas for screening selenium-enriched microorganisms and rapid detection of selenium content.

快速监测 Kefir 谷物中的总硒和有机硒含量对于开发富硒食品非常重要。首先，使用便携式高光谱系统获取富硒克菲尔谷物的光谱。其次，基于竞争性自适应加权采样（CARS）、引导软收缩、遗传算法和粒子群优化等方法筛选特征变量。然后，比较了极随机树、偏最小二乘（PLS）和最小二乘支持向量机模型的定量预测性能。对于总硒含量的预测，CARS-PLS 的预测集相关系数和相对预测偏差（RPD）值分别为 0.97 和 3.88，表现最佳。对于有机硒，CARS-PLS 预测集相关系数和相对预测偏差值分别为 0.94 和 2.97。CARS-PLS 实现了在 1 分钟内快速预测总硒和有机硒的含量。这为富硒微生物的筛选和硒含量的快速检测提供了新思路。

{"title":"A rapid and nondestructive quantitative detection method for total and organic selenium in selenium-enriched kefir grain based on hyperspectral imaging","authors":"Menghui Li , Jinyi Yang , Xing Guo , Rui Sun , Gechao Zhang , Wenhui Liu , Yuanye Liu , Zhouli Wang , Yahong Yuan , Tianli Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapid monitoring of total and organic selenium content of Kefir grain is important for the development of selenium-enriched foods. First, a portable hyperspectral system was used to obtain spectra of selenium-enriched Kefir grain. Second, the characteristic variables were screened based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), bootstrapping soft shrinkage, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization. Then, the quantitative prediction performance of extremely randomized trees, partial least squares (PLS), and least squares support vector machine models were compared. For the prediction of total selenium content, CARS-PLS performed the best, with a prediction set correlation coefficient and relative prediction deviation (RPD) value of 0.97 and 3.88, respectively. For organic selenium, the CARS-PLS predicted set correlation coefficients and RPD values were 0.94 and 2.97, respectively. CARS-PLS realized the rapid prediction of total and organic selenium content within 1 min. This provides new ideas for screening selenium-enriched microorganisms and rapid detection of selenium content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":319,"journal":{"name":"Food Control","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 110958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection of tropane alkaloid contaminations in unprocessed soybeans and their fate in food and feed processing 检测未加工大豆中的托烷生物碱污染及其在食品和饲料加工中的去向

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2024.110963

Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer , Christa Ranetbauer , Julian Weghuber

Datura stramonium and other nightshade plants commonly occur as weeds and have the potential to contaminate crops with toxic tropane alkaloids. Here, the contamination of soybeans with the tropane alkaloids atropine and scopolamine after co-harvesting with thornapple plants is reported. The potential route of contamination was found to be independent of the thornapple seeds. The further fate of tropane alkaloids in downstream processes was evaluated in laboratory-scale tofu and soybean oil production. It was determined that a relatively small portion of the alkaloids is persistent in the tofu, while the reduction in soybean oil and press cake is less pronounced. No regulation is in place for the maximum amount of tropane alkaloids in soybeans, but the limits for other food crops were exceeded both in the raw and processed goods.

曼陀罗（Datura stramonium）和其他夜来香植物通常作为杂草出现，有可能使作物受到有毒的托烷生物碱的污染。本文报告了大豆与荆芥植物共同收获后受到托烷生物碱阿托品和东莨菪碱污染的情况。研究发现，潜在的污染途径与荆芥种子无关。在实验室规模的豆腐和大豆油生产中，对下游工艺中托烷生物碱的进一步去向进行了评估。结果表明，相对较小部分的生物碱在豆腐中会持续存在，而在豆油和压榨饼中的减少则不太明显。目前还没有关于大豆中托烷生物碱最高含量的规定，但其他粮食作物的原料和加工品中的托烷生物碱含量都超过了限制。

引用次数: 0