Food Control最新文献_第7页

Isotopic model as a tool for the prediction of cocoa content in cocoa-derived products: δ13C as a proxy for cocoa percentage 同位素模型作为可可衍生产品中可可含量预测的工具：δ13C作为可可百分比的代表

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111945

Karina Gonçalves da Silva, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, Luiz Antônio Martinelli, Plinio Barbosa de Camargo

Chocolate powder and chocolate milk powder are widely consumed products made primarily from cocoa (a C₃ plant) and sugar from sugarcane (a C₄ plant). Despite their popularity, there are no regulations specifying the required amounts of cocoa and sugar in these products, creating challenges for transparency and authenticity. This study evaluates the use of carbon isotope analysis (δ¹³C) as a rapid and effective method to estimate cocoa content in cocoa-derived products. We analyzed the δ¹³C profiles of 46 Brazilian brands, including cocoa powder, chocolate powder, and chocolate milk powder, and measured δ¹³C values for their main ingredients. The objective was to develop and validate a model for cocoa content estimation based on C₃/C₄ ratios using only δ¹³C values. Cocoa powder exhibited a mean δ¹³C of −28.6 ± 0.4 ‰, while sugar showed enriched signatures, allowing clear isotopic discrimination among product types, and reflecting increasing C₄ (sugar) contributions in their compositions. Using isotopic data, we created dilution curves from cocoa-sugar mixtures and applied a regression model, that explained 97 % of cocoa content variation (R² = 0.97, p < 0.001). Model predictions closely matched declared label values and C₃-based estimates, with mean differences under 2.0 %. Application of the model to commercial products revealed cocoa contents ranging from 16 to 70 % in chocolate powders and 6–30 % in chocolate milk powders. These findings demonstrate that δ¹³C can serve as a robust single-isotope proxy for cocoa quantification. The proposed approach requires minimal statistical processing and no additional isotopic variables, making it a simple and effective tool for food authenticity assessment. Moreover, the results highlight the high contribution of C₄-derived ingredients in some products, reinforcing the need for regulatory standards to ensure transparency and protect consumers.

巧克力粉和巧克力奶粉是广泛消费的产品，主要由可可（一种C3植物）和甘蔗（一种C4植物）中的糖制成。尽管它们很受欢迎，但没有规定规定这些产品中所需的可可和糖的含量，这给透明度和真实性带来了挑战。本研究评估了碳同位素分析（δ13C）作为一种快速有效的方法来估算可可衍生产品中的可可含量。我们分析了46个巴西品牌的可可粉、巧克力粉和巧克力奶粉的δ13C谱，并测量了它们主要成分的δ13C值。目的是开发和验证仅使用δ13C值基于C3/C4比率的可可含量估算模型。可可粉的δ13C平均值为−28.6±0.4‰，而糖的δ13C特征丰富，可以区分不同的产品类型，并反映出其组成中C4（糖）的贡献增加。利用同位素数据，我们创建了可可糖混合物的稀释曲线，并应用了回归模型，该模型解释了97%的可可含量变化（R2 = 0.97, p < 0.001）。模型预测与声明的标签值和基于c3的估计密切匹配，平均差异低于2.0%。该模型在商业产品中的应用表明，巧克力粉中的可可含量为16%至70%，巧克力奶粉中的可可含量为6%至30%。这些发现表明δ13C可以作为可可定量的可靠的单同位素代表。所提出的方法需要最少的统计处理，不需要额外的同位素变量，使其成为食品真实性评估的简单有效的工具。此外，研究结果强调了c4衍生成分在某些产品中的高贡献，加强了监管标准的必要性，以确保透明度和保护消费者。

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引用次数: 0

Predicting and visualizing the distribution of cryoprotectant L-Proline in Litopenaeus vannamei by machine learning and hyperspectral imaging 利用机器学习和高光谱成像技术预测和可视化凡纳滨对虾冷冻保护剂l -脯氨酸的分布

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111941

Yejun Zhang , Jianan Sun , Jiao Li , Xiangzhao Mao

Cryoprotectants are vital for preserving Litopenaeus vannamei at low temperature, with their penetration in shrimp muscle being crucial for exerting cryoprotective effect. However, traditional methods for detecting cryoprotectants are often destructive, time-consuming, and impractical for real-time applications. To address this limitation, this study proposes a non-destructive approach combining hyperspectral imaging (370–1030 nm) and machine learning for rapid quantification and spatial visualization of cryoprotectant L-Proline in peeled shrimp. Three hundred predictive models were constructed and compared through different preprocessing methods, feature extraction techniques, and algorithms. The optimal model (F-SG-1st-IFS-BP-ANN) achieved a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.98, a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.42 mg/g, and a residual prediction deviation (RPD) of 8.06 on the prediction set, with training and prediction times of 0.59 s and 0.0001 s, respectively. Based on this model, the proline distribution within shrimp muscle was clearly visualized, allowing for precise discrimination of concentration gradients. This work demonstrates a novel and efficient strategy for monitoring cryoprotectant diffusion, which can significantly contribute to process optimization and online quality control in the production of frozen shrimp products.

低温保护剂是低温保存凡纳滨对虾的关键，其在虾肌中的渗透是发挥低温保护作用的关键。然而，传统的检测冷冻保护剂的方法往往是破坏性的，耗时的，不切实际的实时应用。为了解决这一限制，本研究提出了一种结合高光谱成像（370-1030 nm）和机器学习的非破坏性方法，用于快速定量和空间可视化去皮虾中的冷冻保护剂l -脯氨酸。通过不同的预处理方法、特征提取技术和算法，构建了300个预测模型并进行了比较。最优模型（f - sg -1 - ifs - bp - ann）在预测集上的决定系数（R2）为0.98，均方根误差（RMSE）为0.42 mg/g，剩余预测偏差（RPD）为8.06，训练时间和预测时间分别为0.59 s和0.0001 s。在此模型的基础上，虾肌内脯氨酸的分布清晰可见，可以精确区分浓度梯度。本研究展示了一种新颖有效的冷冻保护剂扩散监测策略，可为冷冻虾产品生产过程优化和在线质量控制做出重要贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Antifungal efficacy and fumigation potential of octanal and (E)-2-octenal against Aspergillus flavus in stored peanut seeds 辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛对贮藏花生种子中黄曲霉的抑菌效果及熏蒸潜力

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111937

Xuelian Zhu , Yuqi Yang , Tzuhan Lin , Weibin Ma , Yanli Xie

Developing novel methods to safely and effectively prevent mycotoxigenic fungi contamination in agricultural products is critical for protecting food security and human health. The present study investigated the effectiveness of two naturally occurring compounds, octanal and (E)-2-octenal, in controlling Aspergillus flavus contamination in peanut seeds. In vitro tests demonstrated that octanal and (E)-2-octenal exhibited superior antifungal efficacy compared to sorbic acid and that their fumigation effects were significantly more potent than their direct contact inhibitory effects. Octanal and (E)-2-octenal as fumigants could strongly inhibited the growth of A. flavus with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 0.032 and 0.016 g/l air, and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFC) of 0.04 and 0.02 g/l air, respectively. The results of in vivo tests showed that fumigation with octanal and (E)-2-octenal significantly suppressed the growth of A. flavus in peanut seeds, and (E)-2-octenal fumigation exhibited higher efficacy, preventing the growth of A. flavus in peanut seeds over a 14-day incubation period, with MIC and MFC values 0.8 and 2.5 g/l air, respectively. Notably, after 24 h fumigation with octanal and (E)-2-octenal at 3.5 g/l air, the peanut seeds were exposed to ambient air for 5 days, and still exhibited complete resistance to infection by artificially inoculated A. flavus, revealing that pre-fumigation treatment enabled peanut seeds to resist A. flavus infection within a specific storage period. These findings indicated that octanal and (E)-2-octenal can be used as efficient antifungal fumigants with the potential to protect peanut seeds from A. flavus infection during storage.

开发安全有效地预防农产品中真菌毒素污染的新方法对于保护粮食安全和人类健康至关重要。本研究研究了两种天然化合物辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛对花生种子中黄曲霉污染的控制效果。体外试验表明，辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛比山梨酸具有更好的抗真菌效果，其熏蒸效果明显比直接接触抑制效果更有效。辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛熏蒸剂对黄曲霉生长有较强的抑制作用，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为0.032和0.016 g/l空气，最低杀菌浓度（MFC）分别为0.04和0.02 g/l空气。体内试验结果表明，辛烷醛熏蒸和(E)-2-辛烷醛熏蒸均能显著抑制黄曲霉在花生种子中的生长，且(E)-2-辛烷醛熏蒸的效果更好，在14 d的孵育期内抑制黄曲霉在花生种子中的生长，MIC和MFC分别为0.8和2.5 g/l空气。值得注意的是，在3.5 g/l空气中，辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛熏蒸24 h后，花生种子暴露在环境空气中5天，仍然对人工接种的黄曲霉感染表现出完全的抗性，这表明预熏蒸处理使花生种子在特定的储存期限内能够抵抗黄曲霉感染。这些结果表明辛烷醛和(E)-2-辛烷醛可以作为有效的抗真菌熏蒸剂，具有保护花生种子在贮藏过程中不受黄曲霉感染的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Simple analytical approach to determine the microbiological profile of bee pollen by MALDI-TOF 用MALDI-TOF测定蜂花粉微生物谱的简单分析方法

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111939

Estela Prieto, Ana M. Ares, José Bernal, Silvia Valverde

Bee pollen is a natural food supplement collected by honeybees that has significant nutritional value and therapeutic qualities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticarcinogenic properties. Due to its hygroscopic nature, bee pollen readily promotes microbial growth; however, there is no specific legislation for bee pollen in the European Union. Microbiological contamination therefore stands out as a crucial factor in determining its quality. To address this, the study focused on isolating bacterial and fungal colonies from bee pollen using various culture media, followed by a protein extraction based on a lysis process. Identification was achieved through the Biotyper-MALDI-TOF (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization coupled to Time-of-Flight detector) system. The greenness and blueness of the methods were assessed using different tools, which classified them as environmentally friendly and practical. Thirty-two samples were analyzed using proposed sample treatment approaches. Data were processed using chemometric techniques based on linear models. The results revealed the presence of both beneficial and potentially pathogenic species, including key representatives such as Bacillus licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus, and Aspergillus fumigatus. These findings highlight the importance of microbiota characterization in bee pollen and demonstrate that MALDI-TOF is a rapid and effective tool for profiling culturable microbial communities in this matrix.

蜂花粉是一种由蜜蜂采集的天然食物补充剂，具有显著的营养价值和治疗品质，包括抗氧化、抗菌和抗癌特性。由于其吸湿性，蜂花粉很容易促进微生物的生长；然而，欧盟并没有针对蜂花粉的具体立法。因此，微生物污染是决定其质量的关键因素。为了解决这个问题，研究重点是使用各种培养基从蜂花粉中分离细菌和真菌菌落，然后根据裂解过程提取蛋白质。通过biotype - maldi - tof（基质辅助激光解吸/电离耦合到飞行时间探测器）系统进行鉴定。使用不同的工具对这些方法的绿色度和蓝色度进行了评估，这些工具将它们归类为环保和实用。采用提出的样品处理方法对32个样品进行了分析。使用基于线性模型的化学计量学技术处理数据。结果显示，既有有益菌种，也有潜在致病性菌种，包括地衣芽孢杆菌、黄体微球菌和烟曲霉等关键代表菌种。这些发现强调了蜂花粉中微生物群表征的重要性，并证明MALDI-TOF是一种快速有效的分析可培养微生物群落的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Ensemble learning: a study on the border inspection prediction model for high-risk products adulterated with Sudan Red in Taiwan 集成学习：台湾掺苏丹红高风险产品边检预测模型研究

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111931

Li-Ya Wu, Wei-Chih Cheng, King-Fu Lin, Jia-Jhen Lee, Wen-Chou Lin, Hsu-Yang Lin, Chia-Yen Lu, Chih-Kang Chiang

Sudan Red (SR), an industrial azo dye classified as a Group 3 carcinogen, remains a food safety concern despite bans and Taiwan's Border Prediction Intelligent System (BPIS). To address the lack of validated models for rare hazard detection, we developed an ensemble learning model combining Random Forest, Naïve Bayes, and a Multilayer Perceptron with synthetic oversampling. Trained on 3699 inspection records and validated with 700 real cases, the model detected two of three SR-contaminated batches by sampling only 31 shipments (hit rate 6.45 %, coverage 66.67 %), outperforming BPIS (1/220; 0.45 %, 33.33 %). Statistical tests (risk difference +5.997 %, relative risk 14.19, p = 0.041; Bayesian posterior 99.3 %) confirmed superiority. Deep learning improved predictive robustness, and trade partnerships with importers were significantly linked to SR violations (χ² test, p < 0.001). This hazard-specific, data-driven approach improves detection efficiency, reduces inspection burden, and provides an adaptive framework for risk-based border food safety control.

苏丹红（SR）是一种工业偶氮染料，被列为第三类致癌物，尽管有禁令和台湾边境预测智能系统（BPIS），但它仍然是食品安全问题。为了解决罕见危险检测缺乏经过验证的模型的问题，我们开发了一个集成学习模型，该模型结合了随机森林、Naïve贝叶斯和具有合成过采样的多层感知器。该模型对3699条检验记录进行了训练，并通过700个真实案例进行了验证，仅对31批货物进行抽样，就检测出了3批sr污染批次中的2批（命中率6.45%，覆盖率66.67%），优于BPIS（1/220; 0.45%, 33.33%）。统计学检验（风险差+ 5.997%，相对风险14.19,p = 0.041；贝叶斯后验率99.3%）证实了该方法的优越性。深度学习提高了预测稳健性，与进口商的贸易伙伴关系与SR违规行为显著相关（χ2检验，p < 0.001）。这种针对特定危害的数据驱动方法提高了检测效率，减轻了检查负担，并为基于风险的边境食品安全控制提供了自适应框架。

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引用次数: 0

Food-metabarcoding: Identification of multiple animal and plant species in foodstuffs using target GBS assay 食品元条形码：用目标GBS测定法鉴定食品中的多种动植物物种

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111938

María Cecilia Bruno, Diego Manuel Posik, Leonidas Hernán Olivera, María Eugenia Zappa, Nadia Sabiela Castillo, Gisela Barbisan, Egle Etel Villegas Castagnasso, Julián Alejandro Crespi, Pilar Peral García, Guillermo Giovambattista

The advancement of agri-food production systems presents ongoing challenges regarding food transparency, quality, and safety. Ensuring robust traceability and authentication of biological products necessitates effective DNA-based methods. This study introduces a cost-effective, high-throughput targeted Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) assay, leveraging Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) to detect multiple animal and plant species within complex food matrices. The assay targets two mitochondrial (COI, cyt b) and two chloroplastic (rbcL, matK) genes, covering 206 species prevalent in the Argentinian food industry alongside potential contaminants. In silico analysis identified primers for 319 markers, establishing a multiplexed GBS panel. Despite occasional cross-amplification among phylogenetically related species, genus-level specificity remained high. In vitro validation of 144 samples, including laboratory-prepared DNA mixtures and processed food products, confirmed high sensitivity, detecting animal and plant species at concentrations as low as 0.005 ng/μL and between 0.5 ng/μL- 2,5 ng/μL, respectively. This sensitivity is crucial for detecting minor components and inadvertent contaminations. Furthermore, the assay consistently demonstrated strong repeatability across replicate samples. Analysis of commercial food products successfully identified declared ingredients in the majority of cases and, importantly, facilitated the detection of undeclared species and precise scientific nomenclature for generic ingredients. Although genetic overlap and short-read sequencing limitations restricted species-level discrimination among closely related taxa, the method proved robust for broader taxonomic classification. By expanding species coverage across diverse food matrices, this approach advances NGS-based food Metabarcoding, offering a powerful tool for quality control and fraud detection.

农业食品生产系统的进步在食品透明度、质量和安全方面提出了持续的挑战。确保生物制品的可靠可追溯性和认证需要有效的基于dna的方法。本研究介绍了一种具有成本效益、高通量的靶向基因分型测序（GBS）方法，利用下一代测序（NGS）来检测复杂食物基质中的多种动植物物种。该检测针对两个线粒体（COI, cyt b）和两个叶绿体（rbcL, matK）基因，涵盖阿根廷食品工业中普遍存在的206个物种以及潜在的污染物。在硅分析中鉴定了319个标记的引物，建立了多路GBS面板。尽管在系统发育相关的物种中偶尔存在交叉扩增，但属水平的特异性仍然很高。对144个样品进行了体外验证，包括实验室制备的DNA混合物和加工食品，证实了高灵敏度，分别在低至0.005 ng/μL和0.5 ng/μL- 2.5 ng/μL之间检测动物和植物物种。这种灵敏度对于检测次要成分和无意污染至关重要。此外，该分析在重复样品中始终显示出很强的重复性。在大多数情况下，对商业食品的分析成功地确定了申报的成分，重要的是，促进了对未申报物种的检测和对通用成分的精确科学命名。尽管遗传重叠和短读测序限制了近缘分类群之间的物种水平区分，但该方法在更广泛的分类分类中被证明是可靠的。通过扩大不同食物基质的物种覆盖范围，该方法推进了基于ngs的食物元条形码，为质量控制和欺诈检测提供了强大的工具。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in smart indicators and their integration with sensor systems for foodborne hazard monitoring 用于食源性危害监测的智能指示器及其与传感器系统集成的进展

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111932

Tamanna Awasthi , Samandeep Kaur , Shweta Joshi , Ravneet Kaur

Ensuring food safety and quality is a major global concern, as foodborne hazards pose a serious threat to public health and contribute to significant economic losses. Although conventional methods are reliable, they are more time-consuming and labour-intensive and are unsuitable for real-time monitoring across complex supply chains. In contrast, recent advancements in smart indicators and sensor technologies offer great potential in assuring food safety by enabling rapid, accurate, and continuous detection of spoilage and contamination. This review provides a comprehensive overview of smart indicators and sensors, and their application in the detection of microbial contamination and chemical hazards. Furthermore, the integration of sensors in food packaging and processing lines has also been explored, highlighting their role in data-driven food safety management. Various smart indicators, such as time-temperature indicators, pH, humidity, and freshness indicators, are examined for their role in the detection of spoilage and quality assurance. The integration of emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and Internet of Things (IoT), smart packaging, and artificial intelligence (AI) with advanced biosensor platforms has also been explored to transform food safety management. Collectively, this review highlights the application of advanced sensor technologies and digital innovations in redefining the future of food safety, promoting transparency, sustainability, and consumer trust across the global food ecosystem.

确保食品安全和质量是全球关注的一个主要问题，因为食源性危害对公众健康构成严重威胁，并造成重大经济损失。虽然传统方法是可靠的，但它们更耗时和劳动密集，不适合跨复杂供应链的实时监测。相比之下，智能指标和传感器技术的最新进展为确保食品安全提供了巨大的潜力，可以快速、准确和连续地检测腐败和污染。本文综述了智能指示器和传感器及其在微生物污染和化学危害检测中的应用。此外，还探索了传感器在食品包装和加工生产线中的集成，突出了它们在数据驱动的食品安全管理中的作用。各种智能指标，如时间-温度指标、pH值、湿度和新鲜度指标，在检测腐败和质量保证方面的作用进行了检查。将纳米技术和物联网（IoT）、智能包装、人工智能（AI）等新兴技术与先进的生物传感器平台相结合，为食品安全管理带来变革。总体而言，本综述强调了先进传感器技术和数字创新在重新定义食品安全未来、促进全球食品生态系统透明度、可持续性和消费者信任方面的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Hurdle strategies based on high-pressure processing, ultrasonication and pulsed electric field for shelf life extension of refrigerated Asian green mussel 基于高压处理、超声和脉冲电场的亚洲冷藏青贻贝货架延长的跨栏策略

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111934

Suriya Palamae , Natchaphol Buamard , Watcharapol Suyapoh , Bin Zhang , Yu Fu , Hui Hong , Soottawat Benjakul

Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) is prone to spoilage and has short shelf life, in which the effective preservation method is required to ensure quality and safety. Efficacy of ultrasonication (US), pulsed electric field (PEF), and high-pressure processing (HPP), individually and in combination, on microbial safety, structural integrity, and storage stability of Asian green mussels was investigated. US and PEF alone partially reduced spoilage and pathogenic bacteria, whereas HPP, US + HPP, and PEF + HPP could decrease bacterial count to be below detection limit (<2 log CFU/g) and effectively extended the shelf life. Histological analysis revealed cavitation-induced vacuolar degeneration and tissue gaps by US, whereas electroporation-mediated microstructural damage was induced by PEF. Protein denaturation with collagen filament disruption was augmented after HPP. These changes affected texture profile, where HPP and combination treatments increased firmness, compared to US or PEF alone. During refrigerated storage, untreated mussels were deteriorated by day 6; HPP and US + HPP maintained quality until day 9, and PEF + HPP extended shelf life up to day 12. The pH remained stable, and total volatile basic nitrogen content increased gradually in hurdle-treated samples. Volatile organic compound profiling identified 34 compounds in the spoiled control, whereas hurdle treatments reduced off-flavors and preserved desirable aromas. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed dynamic bacterial shifts. Fresh mussels harbored Moraxellaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, whereas untreated samples at day 6 were dominated by Vibrionaceae. Hurdle treatments suppressed spoilage bacteria and promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria. Overall, PEF + HPP represented the effective hurdle strategies for producing safe, high-quality, ready-to-cook mussels with prolonged shelf life.

亚洲青贻贝（Perna viridis）容易变质，保质期短，需要有效的保存方法来保证质量和安全。研究了超声波（US）、脉冲电场（PEF）和高压处理（HPP）单独或联合处理对亚洲青贻贝的微生物安全性、结构完整性和储存稳定性的影响。单独使用US和PEF可以部分减少腐败菌和致病菌，而HPP、US + HPP和PEF + HPP可以将细菌数量降低到检测限（2 log CFU/g）以下，并有效延长保质期。组织学分析显示US诱导空泡变性和组织间隙，而PEF诱导电穿孔介导的微结构损伤。HPP后蛋白变性和胶原丝断裂增强。这些变化影响了纹理轮廓，与单独使用US或PEF相比，HPP和联合处理增加了硬度。在冷藏期间，未经处理的贻贝在第6天变质；HPP和US + HPP的质量保持到第9天，PEF + HPP的保质期延长到第12天。经过障碍处理的样品pH保持稳定，总挥发性碱性氮含量逐渐升高。挥发性有机化合物分析鉴定出变质对照中的34种化合物，而障碍处理减少了异味并保留了理想的香气。16S rRNA测序揭示了细菌的动态变化。新鲜贻贝含有莫拉菌科和假单胞菌科，而未经处理的贻贝在第6天以弧菌科为主。障碍处理抑制了腐败菌，促进了乳酸菌的生长。总的来说，PEF + HPP代表了生产安全、高质量、即煮贻贝和延长保质期的有效障碍策略。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating the reuse of greywater for irrigating ground-level fresh produce: A microbiological risk assessment of generic Escherichia coli contamination on lettuce in Chile 评价地下新鲜农产品灌溉中水的再利用：智利生菜通用大肠杆菌污染的微生物风险评估

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111940

Andrew Stiven Ortiz-Balsero , Constanza Avello Lefno , Bing Wang

Chile's water scarcity crisis, exacerbated by prolonged droughts and growing agricultural demand, highlights the need for innovative solutions such as reusing treated greywater for irrigation. This study employed a Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) model to assess the microbial safety of greywater reuse for irrigating lettuce, a crop consumed raw and sensitive to the quality of irrigation water. The QMRA model assessed risks of generic Escherichia coli contamination across the production chain, from seedling to retail. Baseline scenarios compared contamination risks from untreated greywater, surface water, and groundwater, while treatment scenarios evaluated primary treatments (wetland-based and microfiltration systems) paired with secondary disinfection methods (chlorine dioxide, ozone, and ultraviolet light). Findings indicated that untreated greywater posed significant risks, exceeding the E. coli Chilean safety threshold in 85 % of Spring/Summer and 82 % of Fall/Winter cases. Integrated primary and secondary treatments effectively reduced microbial levels in the final products by over 5 logs, meeting international safety standards. Additional analyses indicated that soil management practices and post-harvest handling substantially influenced microbial risk. Model outputs revealed that insufficient refrigeration allowed E. coli levels to exceed safety thresholds within 30 h at ambient temperature, highlighting the need for consistent temperature control during storage and transport. Overall, the model demonstrates that treated greywater can be safely reused for irrigation when supported by effective treatment and good agricultural practices. This study provides a quantitative framework for assessing microbial risks in water reuse systems, which can inform sound regulatory decisions that promote sustainable water management and protect public health.

长期干旱和不断增长的农业需求加剧了智利的水资源短缺危机，这凸显了对创新解决方案的需求，例如将处理过的灰水重新用于灌溉。本研究采用定量微生物风险评估（QMRA）模型，评价回用中水灌溉生菜的微生物安全性。生菜是一种对灌溉水质量敏感的原料作物。QMRA模型评估了从幼苗到零售的整个生产链中通用大肠杆菌污染的风险。基线情景比较了未经处理的灰水、地表水和地下水的污染风险，而处理情景评估了初级处理（湿地和微过滤系统）与二级消毒方法（二氧化氯、臭氧和紫外线）的配合。研究结果表明，未经处理的灰水存在显著风险，在85%的春夏和82%的秋冬病例中超过智利大肠杆菌安全阈值。综合一级和二级处理有效降低了最终产品中的微生物含量超过5 log，符合国际安全标准。其他分析表明，土壤管理做法和收获后处理对微生物风险有重大影响。模型结果显示，在环境温度下，冷藏不足会导致大肠杆菌水平在30小时内超过安全阈值，这突出了在储存和运输过程中需要保持一致的温度控制。总体而言，该模型表明，在有效处理和良好农业规范的支持下，处理过的灰水可以安全地重新用于灌溉。这项研究为评估水再利用系统中的微生物风险提供了一个定量框架，可以为促进可持续水管理和保护公众健康的合理监管决策提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay validation for a sensitive and rapid detection of crustaceans in thermally processed food and working surfaces ELISA和横向流动免疫分析法对热加工食品和工作表面甲壳类动物的灵敏和快速检测的验证

IF 6.3 1区农林科学 Q1 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food Control

Pub Date : 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2025.111930

Clara Esteban-Sanz , Alba Civera , Luis Mata , Lourdes Sánchez , María D. Pérez , Patricia Galan-Malo

Crustaceans are one of the major triggers of food allergies and can be found as hidden allergens. A sandwich ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) were developed and validated to detect crustaceans by identifying prawn tropomyosin. Both methods could detect crustacean protein in complex food matrices spiked with prawn extract at levels of 1.25 and 5 μg/g, respectively, with high recoveries (59 %–98 %). Crustacean protein was also identified in model thermally processed foods (sausages, croquettes, and broth) containing prawn at levels of 1.25 and 10 μg/g using ELISA and LFIA. Among 63 basic ingredients analyzed, cross-reactivity was observed with mollusks, enabling their detection. ELISA and LFIA could detect 0.1 and 1.0 μg of crustacean protein on contact surfaces, respectively. Both tests proved to be robust. Laboratory and on-site analysis using these immunoassays can support allergen management strategies, helping to prevent unnecessary precautionary labelling.

甲壳类动物是食物过敏的主要诱因之一，可以被发现为隐藏的过敏原。建立了夹心ELISA和横向流动免疫分析法（LFIA）检测虾原肌球蛋白的方法，并进行了验证。两种方法均能在1.25和5 μg/g的浓度下检测复合食品基质中的甲壳类蛋白，回收率均在59% ~ 98%之间。采用ELISA和LFIA检测了含对虾1.25和10 μg/g的模型热加工食品（香肠、丸子和肉汤）中甲壳类蛋白的含量。在分析的63种基本成分中，观察到与软体动物的交叉反应，从而可以检测到它们。ELISA和LFIA在接触表面分别检测到0.1和1.0 μg的甲壳类蛋白。两项试验都证明是可靠的。使用这些免疫测定法进行实验室和现场分析可以支持过敏原管理战略，有助于防止不必要的预防性标签。

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引用次数: 0