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Monarch’s Multiple Bodies: Implementing Body Politic Metaphor on Present-Day North American Stages 君主的多重主体:在当代北美舞台上实施政体隐喻
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2020.101.163
N. Vysotska
The paper seeks to explore the strategies instrumental for the implementation of the body politic metaphor that had been active in Western culture since classical antiquity in the plays authored by present-day North American dramatists (Sarah Ruhl’s Passion Play, USA, 2010, and Timothy Findley’s Elizabeth Rex, Canada, 2000). Drawing upon the concept of the “king’s two bodies” (E. Plowden, E. Кantorowicz, М. Аxton, А. Мusolff, L. Montrose and other New Historicists), the author sets out to demonstrate that in S. Ruhl’s dramatic cycle the metaphor serves to indicate the inextricable links between the concepts of power, the sacred, and the theatrical, whereas Т. Findley uses it to study the ontology of sex and gender in political and theatrical contexts. It is argued that the age-old somatic metaphor conceived in the archaic layers of human psyche manifests its viable receptive potential through its efficient functioning in the early 21st century cultural artifacts.
本文旨在探讨自古典时代以来一直活跃在西方文化中的当代北美剧作家(莎拉·鲁尔的《受难剧》,美国,2010年和蒂莫西·芬德利的《伊丽莎白·雷克斯》,加拿大,2000年)创作的戏剧中实施身体政治隐喻的重要策略。根据“国王的两个身体”的概念(E. Plowden, E. Кantorowicz, М)。АxtonА。Мusolff, L.蒙特罗斯和其他新历史主义者),作者着手证明,在S.鲁尔的戏剧循环中,隐喻是用来表明权力、神圣和戏剧概念之间不可分割的联系,而Т。芬德利用它来研究政治和戏剧语境中的性和性别本体论。本文认为,在21世纪早期的文化产物中,古老的躯体隐喻通过其有效的功能体现了其可行的接受潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphor in the Context of Baltic Music: the Idea of Eternal Return 波罗的海音乐语境中的隐喻:永恒的回归
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.31861/PYTLIT2020.101.177
Jüraté Landsbergyté-Becher
Metaphor is the essential form for building momentum in the phenomenon of Baltic music. It created a new silent style of defensiveness and transcendentality, which eventually could help to change the self-awareness of the nation. The purpose of this article is to research the linguistic power of a metaphor, its transfer into the music and how it helped to uncover disinformation in the period of Soviet ideological domination. The comparative methodology is used to examine metaphors in the areas of music, literature, political science, and aesthetics of art philosophy. This article is structured to show the motion of metaphor in particular turns of time. Metaphor is a powerful instrument to raise the dimensions of the archetypes of national identity and statehood rights. Its usage could be compared with religion, nature, sacrality of space and history, and it is necessary for the change in the knowledge about the nation’s development. Metaphor is the renewed road to comprehend the importance of statehood existence and what happened in Baltic states during the times of crucial changes. It could be said that the metaphor helped to regain independence without the army and spreads its influence similarly at the present day, penetrating the new media streams connecting the matters of statehood. The article findings summarise the origins of the power of the nation based on the phenomenon of the resurrection of archetypes (under the theory of C. G. Jung), which were rediscovered by using principles of psychology.
隐喻是波罗的海音乐现象中造势的基本形式。它创造了一种新的沉默的防御和超越风格,最终有助于改变国家的自我意识。本文的目的是研究隐喻的语言力量,它在音乐中的转移,以及它如何帮助揭露苏联意识形态统治时期的虚假信息。运用比较方法研究隐喻在音乐、文学、政治学和艺术哲学美学等领域的应用。这篇文章的结构是为了展示隐喻在特定的时间转折中的运动。隐喻是提升国家身份和国家权利原型维度的有力工具。它的使用可以与宗教、自然、空间的神圣性和历史相比较,对于改变对国家发展的认识是必要的。隐喻是理解国家存在的重要性以及波罗的海国家在关键变革时期发生的事情的新途径。可以说,这个比喻有助于在没有军队的情况下重新获得独立,并在当今类似地传播其影响力,渗透到连接国家事务的新媒体流中。本文的发现总结了基于原型复活现象的国家权力的起源(在荣格的理论下),这些原型是通过心理学原理重新发现的。
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引用次数: 0
“Army of Metaphors” in Scientific Discourse 科学话语中的“隐喻大军”
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2020.101.064
M. Lanovyk, Z. Lanovyk
The article outlines the problem of the terminological potential of metaphor as the main figure of poetics, rhetoric, artistic and poetic thinking in general. The authors analyze numerous works about the nature and value of the metaphor; comprehend peculiarities of its use, forms and discourses of use, figurative potential of metaphorical thinking; at the same time, they emphasize on the mythological basis of such thinking (in particular, based on the works of O. Freudenberg, N. Frye, F. Nietzsche).The main focus is on the metaphorical (figurative) nature of terminology in both the humanities and the exact sciences, as well as the problem of the interpenetration of terms, in particular, scientific terms, metaphors borrowed from human sciences.The research confirms that at the present stage of development of all spheres of knowledge and science in general there is a cross-cutting penetration of metaphor at different levels: at the level of the names of theories; at the level of titles of scientific works – from ancient times to modern times; at the level of naming / defining phenomena and concepts, etc. Methodological foundation is based at the works of H. Ortega y Gasset, H. G. Gadamer and other philosophers of the twentieth century, who acknowledge the metaphor as a form of scientific thinking and cognition, at the same time see it as a marker of the spiritual space of science. The article outlines the Ukrainian experience of term-building in the context of a long-standing European tradition in combining elements of Western and Eastern approaches to the realization of reality and the transfer of knowledge.Numerous examples confirm the idea that metaphorology as a separate brunch in the 21st century is gaining momentum. Paying attention to metaphorical outview as an integral feature of human thinking (including scientific) offers new aspects and perspectives on the history of the sciences, opens the way to the convergence and interpenetration of scientific spheres, contains a number of axioms for human understanding of nature, history, world and mysteries of being.
本文概述了隐喻作为诗学、修辞学、艺术和诗歌思维的主要形象的术语潜力问题。作者分析了许多关于隐喻的性质和价值的著作;理解其用法的特点、用法的形式和语篇、隐喻思维的形象化潜力;同时,他们强调这种思维的神话基础(特别是基于O. Freudenberg, N. Frye, F.尼采的作品)。主要焦点是人文科学和精确科学术语的隐喻(比喻)性质,以及术语的相互渗透问题,特别是科学术语,从人文科学中借用的隐喻。研究证实,在目前所有知识和科学领域的发展阶段,隐喻在不同层面上都有交叉渗透:在理论名称层面;在科学著作的标题层面——从古至今;在命名/定义现象和概念等层面。方法论的基础是建立在H. Ortega y Gasset, H. G. Gadamer和其他20世纪哲学家的作品上,他们承认隐喻是一种科学思维和认知的形式,同时将其视为科学精神空间的标志。文章概述了乌克兰在长期的欧洲传统背景下建立术语的经验,将西方和东方的方法结合起来,以实现现实和知识转移。在21世纪,隐喻作为一种独立的早午餐,其势头正愈演愈烈。将隐喻观作为人类思维(包括科学思维)的一个整体特征予以关注,为科学史提供了新的方面和视角,为科学领域的融合和相互渗透开辟了道路,为人类理解自然、历史、世界和存在的奥秘提供了许多公理。
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引用次数: 0
The Ontological Essence of Transferring the Word Meaning: the Interpretive Resource of a Metaphor 词义转移的本体论本质:隐喻的解释资源
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2020.101.007
Olha Chervinska, Roman Dzyk
Taking in to account the analytical experience of Metaphorology, the article understudies deals with the ontological essence of a literary metaphor. It mostly occurs as a receptive issue and is regarded on a specific example of poetry by W. Shakespeare’s – the central figure of “the western canon”. Particular emphasis has been laid on Sonnet 64 and its Ukrainian and Russian translations, where the paradigm of time arises as a basic metaphor. According to O. Potebnia’s concept, time, as an image, always preserves its “inner form”: it is anthropomorphic and in all respects corresponds to the archaic mythologeme, which is further on is implemented as a detailed generative metaphor. A multi-componential metaphor of a “deadly thought” (“This thought is as a death”) about the destruction and fatal end of all things, which perfectly corresponds to the overall theme of the sonnet, consistently appears, unfolds and gets materialized in Shakespeare’s text. It transforms the abstraction of thought into a format of metaphorical imagery, the latter being distinctly conveyed in practically all translations. This metaphor is formed along an “ontological spiral” by zeugma (a four-time repetition of ‘when’, eventually attached to the generalization “Ruin hath taught me thus to ruminate...”). This classical figure also models a compositional frame of metaphors in the sonnet. Relying on the issue of primacy in the ontological pair “essence” and “substance”, we might conclude that metaphor, being treated as a subjective reality-text, creates simultaneously “non-being” and is considered as a specific, fragmentary copy of the world, its quasi-original. The paradox of the phenomenon lies in the fact that “plunging” into the metaphorical field, we thus deeply penetrate into non-being, however heading to reality.
本文从隐喻学的分析经验出发,对文学隐喻的本体论本质进行了研究。它主要是作为一个接受性问题出现的,被认为是“西方经典”的核心人物W.莎士比亚诗歌的一个具体例子。特别强调的是十四行诗64及其乌克兰语和俄语翻译,其中时间的范式作为一个基本的隐喻出现。根据O. Potebnia的概念,时间作为一种形象,始终保持着它的“内在形式”:它是拟人化的,在各个方面都与古代神话相对应,而后者进一步被实现为一种详细的生成隐喻。一个关于一切事物的毁灭和致命结局的“致命思想”(“这个思想就是死亡”)的多重隐喻,与十四行诗的整体主题完美对应,在莎士比亚的文本中不断出现、展开和具体化。它将抽象的思想转化为隐喻意象的形式,后者在几乎所有的翻译中都得到了明确的传达。这个隐喻是由zeeugma形成的“本体论螺旋”(“when”重复了四次,最终附加到概括“废墟教会了我反思……”)。这一经典人物也在十四行诗中塑造了隐喻的构成框架。根据本体论对“本质”和“实体”的首要性问题,我们可以得出这样的结论:隐喻被视为一种主观的现实文本,同时创造了“非存在”,并被视为世界的一个特定的、碎片化的副本,它的准原始。这一现象的矛盾之处在于,我们在“跳入”隐喻领域的同时,又深入到“非存在”之中,同时又走向“实在”。
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引用次数: 0
Metaphorical Codes of S. Parajanov’s Movie Text “Sayat Nova” (1969) S.Parajanov电影文本“Sayat Nova”(1969)的隐喻密码
Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2020.101.209
N. Nikoriak
The article under studies deals with theoretical and practical discourse of the issue of cinema metaphor. It emphasizes that certain investigations of the issue are carried out in terms of theory, in the aspect of typology of cinema metaphors. The article also analyzes the ways of their creation and their impact on the recipient; in the cases of moving to the practical plane, particular attention is drawn to the analysis of either individual cinema metaphors or to the peculiarities of cinema metaphors of individual authors. The film “Sayat Nova” (“The Color of Pomegranates”) has been considered in the above aspect. The author of the article distinguishes a few detailed cinema metaphors that most clearly demonstrate the deep receptive potential of visual reading of this movie text. The key metaphorical codes in this case are wine, pomegranate, water, book, ladder, ritual, sheep, dream, vision, thread, lace, and poet. Particular emphasis has been laid on the fact that the he author's methods of creating cinema metaphors are polymorphic in their nature. Some of them contain a deeply conceptual, symbolic meaning, which is formed due to the context and can be expanded because of additional connotations arising during the perception of “cinema metaphors”. Others are formed as a result of a montage combination of two or more frames, through the use of purely cinematic means (for instance, shooting angle, close-up, sound, color) or involvement of viewer’s receptive experience in the course of perception.
本文研究的是电影隐喻问题的理论和实践话语。它强调了对这一问题的某些研究是从理论上进行的,在电影隐喻的类型学方面。文章还分析了它们的创作方式及其对接受者的影响;在转向实践层面的情况下,人们特别注意对个人电影隐喻的分析,或者对个人作者电影隐喻的特点的分析。电影《Sayat Nova》(《石榴的颜色》)就是在上述方面考虑的。这篇文章的作者区分了一些详细的电影隐喻,这些隐喻最清楚地展示了视觉阅读这部电影文本的深层接受潜力。在这种情况下,关键的隐喻代码是酒、石榴、水、书、梯子、仪式、羊、梦、视觉、线、蕾丝和诗人。特别强调的是,作者创造电影隐喻的方法在本质上是多态的。其中一些隐喻包含着深刻的概念性、象征性意义,这种意义是由于语境而形成的,并且由于在感知“电影隐喻”的过程中产生的额外含义而可以扩展。其他则是通过使用纯粹的电影手段(例如拍摄角度、特写、声音、颜色)或在感知过程中加入观众的接受体验,将两个或多个画面蒙太奇组合而成。
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引用次数: 0
The Ontology of a Metaphor 隐喻的本体论
Pub Date : 2020-06-09 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2020.101
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引用次数: 0
Uncompromising Compromise of Sergei Dovlatov – from “Ours” to Non-Ours 谢尔盖·多夫拉托夫的不妥协——从“我们的”到“非我们的”
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2019.100.089
Оlga Тabachnikova
This paper attempts to look at Dovlatov in a broad context – starting with a personal case of Dovlatov the emigrant, it aims to arrive at a more general portrait of a Soviet Russophone writer in exile and to uncover common features inherent in the outlook at life of a Russian émigré artist of the third wave of Russian emigration. To this end, it appears important to consider emigration not only as a liminal situation, a situation of transition, i.e. of crossing all sorts of borders – external and internal, but also (by and large as a consequence of this border crossing) as a traumatic situation. This relates first of all to exile, that is, to a forced loss of one’s own motherland and environment. Indeed, a voluntary emigration, especially in the post-Soviet period, is a phenomenon of a completely different order – it is, instead, a migration, a question of a conscious choice, without the tragedy of a no-return, i.e. without the fatal ingredient characteristic of the Russian exiles of the Soviet period. In the case in question, however, we are dealing with an existential laboratory which tests above all human dignity, and with a state of acute existential solitude which this laboratory considerably magnifies. In this case, it would be more appropriate to talk about self-destruction than salvation. As for compassion, it remains relevant, but only at a personal, human level, only towards one’s close circle rather than an émigré environment as such. In the light of the above, if we interpret compromise as one’s readiness to be transplanted onto a foreign soil, as a borrowing of alien themes, criteria and language, or simply as a game on the seemingly native linguistic field, but according to non-native (and, as it happens, unfair) rules, then in a higher spiritual sense Dovlatov, having crossed the border from ours to non-ours, turned out to be incapable of compromise – just as he was incapable of it while in Russia. Indeed, he wrote his most profound and most piercing lines at the edge of anguish and longing – on the nostalgic material, that of the past.
本文试图在一个广阔的背景下审视多夫拉托夫——从移民多夫拉托夫的个人案例开始,旨在对一位流亡在外的苏联俄语作家进行更全面的描述,并揭示第三波俄罗斯移民浪潮中俄罗斯移民艺术家的人生观所固有的共同特征。为此目的,看来重要的是不仅要将移民视为一种阈限情况,一种过渡情况,即跨越各种外部和内部边界的情况,而且(主要是由于这种跨越边界的结果)视为一种创伤性情况。这首先与流亡有关,即被迫失去自己的祖国和环境。事实上,自愿移民,特别是在后苏联时期,是一种完全不同秩序的现象- -相反,它是一种移民,是一个有意识选择的问题,没有不返回的悲剧,即没有苏联时期俄罗斯流亡者的致命因素。然而,在本案中,我们面对的是一个存在主义的实验室,它首先考验的是人的尊严,而存在主义的极度孤独状态则被这个实验室大大放大了。在这种情况下,谈论自我毁灭比谈论救赎更合适。至于同情心,它仍然是相关的,但只是在个人的、人类的层面上,只是对一个人的亲密圈子,而不是对一个人的移民环境本身。上面的,如果我们妥协解释为准备被移植到一个外国的土壤,借贷的外星人主题,标准和语言,或者只是作为一个游戏看似原生语言领域,但根据非(碰巧,不公平的)规则,然后在一个更高的精神意义上Dovlatov non-ours从我们越过边界,是不能妥协的——就像他是无法在俄罗斯。的确,他在痛苦和渴望的边缘写下了最深刻、最犀利的诗句——在怀旧的材料上,在过去的材料上。
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引用次数: 0
Jazz is “another possible way of perceiving the world...” [Review on the monograph: Matsenka, S. (ed.) (2019). Literaturno-dzhazovi improvizatsiï: intermedial′ni studiï (Literary-Jazz Improvisations: Intermedial Studies). Lviv : Sribne slovo, 396 p.] 爵士乐是“感知世界的另一种可能方式……[对专著的评论:Matsenka, S.(主编)(2019)。]Literaturno-dzhazovi improvizatsiï: intermedial 'ni studiï(文学-爵士即兴:中间研究)。利沃夫:Sribne slovo, 396页。
Pub Date : 2019-12-27 DOI: 10.31861/pytlit2019.100.169
Olha Chervinska
Review on the monograph: Matsenka, S. (ed.) (2019). Literaturno-dzhazovi improvizatsiï: intermedial′ni studiï (Literary-Jazz Improvisations: Intermedial Studies). Lviv : Sribne slovo, 396 p.
专著综述:Matsenka,S.(编辑)(2019)。文学爵士乐即兴创作:中间研究。利沃夫:斯里布内斯洛沃,第396页。
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引用次数: 0
Bayard’s Fables: A Fictional Theory or / and / is a Theoretical Fiction 贝亚德寓言:一个虚构的理论或/和/是一个理论小说
Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.31861/PYTLIT2019.99.111
G. Dranenko
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引用次数: 0
Clothes as an Identity Sign of Personality in the novels by W. Genazino 论格纳齐诺小说中服装作为个性的身份标志
Pub Date : 2019-06-28 DOI: 10.31861/PYTLIT2019.99.194
Liliya Nester
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引用次数: 0
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